| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 5. |
- Kristanl, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Seventh Visual Object Tracking VOT2019 Challenge Results
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781728150239 ; , s. 2206-2241
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2019 is the seventh annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 81 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis as well as the standard VOT methodology for long-term tracking analysis. The VOT2019 challenge was composed of five challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2019 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2019 focused on long-term tracking namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. Two new challenges have been introduced: (iv) VOT-RGBT2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB and thermal imagery and (v) VOT-RGBD2019 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2019, VOT-RT2019 and VOT-LT2019 datasets were refreshed while new datasets were introduced for VOT-RGBT2019 and VOT-RGBD2019. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term, long-term tracking and tracking with multi-channel imagery. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 6. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Shi, Tian-Le, et al.
(författare)
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High-quality genome assembly enables prediction of allele-specific gene expression in hybrid poplar
- 2024
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Ingår i: Plant Physiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0032-0889 .- 1532-2548. ; 195:1, s. 652-670
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Poplar (Populus) is a well-established model system for tree genomics and molecular breeding, and hybrid poplar is widely used in forest plantations. However, distinguishing its diploid homologous chromosomes is difficult, complicating advanced functional studies on specific alleles. In this study, we applied a trio-binning design and PacBio high-fidelity long-read sequencing to obtain haplotype-phased telomere-to-telomere genome assemblies for the 2 parents of the well-studied F1 hybrid “84K” (Populus alba × Populus tremula var. glandulosa). Almost all chromosomes, including the telomeres and centromeres, were completely assembled for each haplotype subgenome apart from 2 small gaps on one chromosome. By incorporating information from these haplotype assemblies and extensive RNA-seq data, we analyzed gene expression patterns between the 2 subgenomes and alleles. Transcription bias at the subgenome level was not uncovered, but extensive-expression differences were detected between alleles. We developed machine-learning (ML) models to predict allele-specific expression (ASE) with high accuracy and identified underlying genome features most highly influencing ASE. One of our models with 15 predictor variables achieved 77% accuracy on the training set and 74% accuracy on the testing set. ML models identified gene body CHG methylation, sequence divergence, and transposon occupancy both upstream and downstream of alleles as important factors for ASE. Our haplotype-phased genome assemblies and ML strategy highlight an avenue for functional studies in Populus and provide additional tools for studying ASE and heterosis in hybrids.
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| 9. |
- Jin, Ying-Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management of COVID-19 : An evidence-based clinical practice guideline (updated version)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Military Medical Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2054-9369. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting more than seventeen million people around the world. Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for clinicians caring for patients are needed. In the early stage, we have issued "A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)"; now there are many direct evidences emerged and may change some of previous recommendations and it is ripe for develop an evidence-based guideline. We formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists. The steering group members proposed 29 questions that are relevant to the management of COVID-19 covering the following areas: chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management. We searched the literature for direct evidence on the management of COVID-19, and assessed its certainty generated recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Recommendations were either strong or weak, or in the form of ungraded consensus-based statement. Finally, we issued 34 statements. Among them, 6 were strong recommendations for, 14 were weak recommendations for, 3 were weak recommendations against and 11 were ungraded consensus-based statement. They covered topics of chemoprophylaxis (including agents and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) agents), diagnosis (including clinical manifestations, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respiratory tract specimens, IgM and IgG antibody tests, chest computed tomography, chest x-ray, and CT features of asymptomatic infections), treatments (including lopinavir-ritonavir, umifenovir, favipiravir, interferon, remdesivir, combination of antiviral drugs, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, interleukin-6 inhibitors, interleukin-1 inhibitors, glucocorticoid, qingfei paidu decoction, lianhua qingwen granules/capsules, convalescent plasma, lung transplantation, invasive or noninvasive ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)), and discharge management (including discharge criteria and management plan in patients whose RT-PCR retesting shows SARS-CoV-2 positive after discharge). We also created two figures of these recommendations for the implementation purpose. We hope these recommendations can help support healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Yin, X., et al.
(författare)
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Vertical Sandwich Gate-All-Around Field-Effect Transistors with Self-Aligned High-k Metal Gates and Small Effective-Gate-Length Variation
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Electron Device Letters. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 0741-3106 .- 1558-0563. ; 41:1, s. 8-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new type of vertical nanowire (NW)/nanosheet (NS) field-effect transistors (FETs), termed vertical sandwich gate-all-around (GAA) FETs (VSAFETs), is presented in this work. Moreover, an integration flow that is compatible with processes used in the mainstream industry is proposed for the VSAFETs. Si/SiGe epitaxy, isotropic quasi-atomic-layer etching (qALE), and gate replacement were used to fabricate pVSAFETs for the first time. Vertical GAA FETs with self-aligned high-k metal gates and a small effective-gate-length variation were obtained. Isotropic qALE, including Si-selective etching of SiGe, was developed to control the diameter/thickness of the NW/NS channels. NWs with a diameter of 10 nm and NSs with a thickness of 20 nm were successfully fabricated, and good device characteristics were obtained. Finally, the device performance was investigated and is discussed in this work. © 2019 IEEE.
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| 12. |
- Zhao Ternehäll, Huan, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of optical and structural quality of GaIn(N) As analog and digital quantum wells grown by molecular beam epitaxy
- 2008
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Ingår i: Semiconductor Science and Technology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0268-1242 .- 1361-6641. ; 23:12, s. 125002-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A set of Ga0.625In0.375(N) As single quantum well (QW) samples with the identical total amounts of Ga and In and QW thicknesses was designed and grown by both the analog and the digital methods using molecular beam epitaxy. The N exposure time in the GaInNAs samples was kept the same. The inter-band gap recombination in the analog and the digital InGaAs QWs appears in a similar transition energy range as a result of In segregation. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurements were performed on the GaInNAs samples. An S-shaped dependence of the transition energy on temperature was observed in the digital GaInNAs QWs but not in the analog GaInNAs QW. Post-growth rapid thermal annealing had remarkably different effects on the PL intensity: an increase for the analog InGaAs QW and for the analog and digital GaInNAs QWs, but a decrease for the digital InGaAs QW with increasing annealing temperature. The GaIn(N) As samples grown by the digital method showed weaker PL intensities and smaller wavelength blue-shifts than the similar samples grown by the analog method. Possible strain relaxation mechanisms are discussed.
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| 13. |
- Zhao Ternehäll, Huan, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Growth and characterization of GaInNAs by molecular beam epitaxy using a nitrogen irradiation method
- 2009
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-0248. ; 311:7, s. 1723-1727
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose an innovative technique, making use of the In segregation effect, referred as the N irradiation method, to enhance In-N bonding and extend the emission wavelength of GaInNAs quantum wells (QWs). After the formation of a complete In floating layer, the growth is interrupted and N irradiation is initiated. The majority of N atoms are forced to bond with In atoms and their incorporation is regulated independently by the N exposure time and the As pressure. The effect of the N exposure time and As pressure on the N incorporation and the optical quality of GaInNAs QWs were investigated. Anomalous photoluminescence (PL) wavelength red shifts after rapid thermal annealing (RTA) were observed in the N-irradiated samples, whereas a normal GaInNAs sample revealed a blue shift. This method provides an alternative way to extend the emission wavelength of GaInNAs QWs with decent optical quality. We demonstrate light emission at 1546 nm from an 11-nm-thick QW, using this method and the PL intensity is similar to that of a 7-nm-thick GaInNAs QW grown at a reduced rate.
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| 14. |
- Algaba, Juan-Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign
- 2021
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : American Astronomical Society. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 911:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2017, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration succeeded in capturing the first direct image of the center of the M87 galaxy. The asymmetric ring morphology and size are consistent with theoretical expectations for a weakly accreting supermassive black hole of mass ∼6.5 × 109 M o˙. The EHTC also partnered with several international facilities in space and on the ground, to arrange an extensive, quasi-simultaneous multi-wavelength campaign. This Letter presents the results and analysis of this campaign, as well as the multi-wavelength data as a legacy data repository. We captured M87 in a historically low state, and the core flux dominates over HST-1 at high energies, making it possible to combine core flux constraints with the more spatially precise very long baseline interferometry data. We present the most complete simultaneous multi-wavelength spectrum of the active nucleus to date, and discuss the complexity and caveats of combining data from different spatial scales into one broadband spectrum. We apply two heuristic, isotropic leptonic single-zone models to provide insight into the basic source properties, but conclude that a structured jet is necessary to explain M87's spectrum. We can exclude that the simultaneous γ-ray emission is produced via inverse Compton emission in the same region producing the EHT mm-band emission, and further conclude that the γ-rays can only be produced in the inner jets (inward of HST-1) if there are strongly particle-dominated regions. Direct synchrotron emission from accelerated protons and secondaries cannot yet be excluded.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Borseth, T.M., et al.
(författare)
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Identification of oxygen and zinc vacancy optical signals in ZnO
- 2006
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 89:26, s. 262112-262115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photoluminescence spectroscopy has been used to study single crystalline ZnO samples systematically annealed in inert, Zn-rich and O-rich atmospheres. A striking correlation is observed between the choice of annealing ambient and the position of the deep band emission (DBE) often detected in ZnO. In particular, annealing in O2 results in a DBE at 2.35±0.05 eV, whereas annealing in the presence of metallic Zn results in DBE at 2.53±0.05 eV. The authors attribute the former band to zinc vacancy (VZn) related defects and the latter to oxygen vacancy (VO) related defects. Additional confirmation for the VO and VZn peak identification comes from the observation that the effect is reversible when O- and Zn-rich annealing conditions are switched. After annealing in the presence of ZnO powder, there is no indication for the VZn- or VO-related bands, but the authors observe a low intensity yellow luminescence band peaking at 2.17 eV, probably related to Li, a common impurity in hydrothermally grown ZnO.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Chiragwandi, Zackary, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Ultraviolet driven negative current and rectifier effect in self assembled green fluorescent protein devices
- 2006
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 89:16, s. 162909-1-162909-3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- UV induced negative current produced at low voltages is reported in a photocurrent rectifier device consisting of a sensing region between two nano Al/Al2O3 electrodes placed 30 nm apart, employing a droplet of enhanced green fluorescent protein as molecular electrolyte. The current-voltage characteristics are discussed in terms of the properties of the thin Al2O3 scale, the position of the Fermi level, the position of the highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gap, and dispersion of states induced by varying dielectric constants
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| 20. |
- Gu, Shi-Ran, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeny and re-circumscription of Cheniella (Leguminosae: Cercidoideae) based on plastome data and morphology, with description of three new species
- 2024
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Ingår i: TAXON. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 73:2, s. 475-502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Subfamily Cercidoideae is an early-diverging lineage of Leguminosae, within which the number and classification of genera have been controversial. Cheniella is a recently described genus in the Cercidoideae which requires revision and testing of its monophyly and circumscription. Here we infer the phylogenetic position and infrageneric relationships of Cheniella as well as the intergeneric relationships of Cercidoideae using 48 newly sequenced plastid genomes, including 34 individuals representing all species of Cheniella. Our phylogenetic analyses yield a well-resolved tree of Cercidoideae with robust support at most nodes. We also present morphological studies through field work and herbarium studies to re-assess the classification and circumscription of the genus. Based on the results of molecular analyses and morphological studies combined with distribution data, we broaden the circumscription of Cheniella to comprise a total of 15 species and 3 subspecies, including three new species (C. hechiensis, C. longistaminea, C. pubicarpa), one new combination (C. tianlinensis) and one new status and combination (C. longipes).
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| 21. |
- He, Mao Qiang, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogenomics, divergence times and notes of orders in Basidiomycota
- 2024
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Ingår i: Fungal Diversity. - 1560-2745 .- 1878-9129. ; 126, s. 127-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Basidiomycota is one of the major phyla in the fungal tree of life. The outline of Basidiomycota provides essential taxonomic information for researchers and workers in mycology. In this study, we present a time-framed phylogenomic tree with 487 species of Basidiomycota from 127 families, 47 orders, 14 classes and four subphyla; we update the outline of Basidiomycota based on the phylogenomic relationships and the taxonomic studies since 2019; and we provide notes for each order and discuss the history, defining characteristics, evolution, justification of orders, problems, significance, and plates. Our phylogenomic analysis suggests that the subphyla diverged in a time range of 443–490 Myr (million years), classes in a time range of 312–412 Myr, and orders in a time range of 102–361 Myr. Families diverged in a time range of 50–289 Myr, 76–224 Myr, and 62–156 Myr in Agaricomycotina, Pucciniomycotina, and Ustilaginomycotina, respectively. Based on the phylogenomic relationships and divergence times, we propose a new suborder Mycenineae in Agaricales to accommodate Mycenaceae. In the current outline of Basidiomycota, there are four subphyla, 20 classes, 77 orders, 297 families, and 2134 genera accepted. When building a robust taxonomy of Basidiomycota in the genomic era, the generation of molecular phylogenetic data has become relatively easier. Finding phenotypical characters, especially those that can be applied for identification and classification, however, has become increasingly challenging.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Kanoni, Stavroula, et al.
(författare)
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Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Genome biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1474-760X .- 1465-6906 .- 1474-7596. ; 23:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic variants within nearly 1000 loci are known to contribute to modulation of blood lipid levels. However, the biological pathways underlying these associations are frequently unknown, limiting understanding of these findings and hindering downstream translational efforts such as drug target discovery.To expand our understanding of the underlying biological pathways and mechanisms controlling blood lipid levels, we leverage a large multi-ancestry meta-analysis (N=1,654,960) of blood lipids to prioritize putative causal genes for 2286 lipid associations using six gene prediction approaches. Using phenome-wide association (PheWAS) scans, we identify relationships of genetically predicted lipid levels to other diseases and conditions. We confirm known pleiotropic associations with cardiovascular phenotypes and determine novel associations, notably with cholelithiasis risk. We perform sex-stratified GWAS meta-analysis of lipid levels and show that 3-5% of autosomal lipid-associated loci demonstrate sex-biased effects. Finally, we report 21 novel lipid loci identified on the X chromosome. Many of the sex-biased autosomal and X chromosome lipid loci show pleiotropic associations with sex hormones, emphasizing the role of hormone regulation in lipid metabolism.Taken together, our findings provide insights into the biological mechanisms through which associated variants lead to altered lipid levels and potentially cardiovascular disease risk.
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| 24. |
- Kilpelainen, TO, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-ancestry study of blood lipid levels identifies four loci interacting with physical activity
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nature communications. - London : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1, s. 376-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many genetic loci affect circulating lipid levels, but it remains unknown whether lifestyle factors, such as physical activity, modify these genetic effects. To identify lipid loci interacting with physical activity, we performed genome-wide analyses of circulating HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in up to 120,979 individuals of European, African, Asian, Hispanic, and Brazilian ancestry, with follow-up of suggestive associations in an additional 131,012 individuals. We find four loci, in/near CLASP1, LHX1, SNTA1, and CNTNAP2, that are associated with circulating lipid levels through interaction with physical activity; higher levels of physical activity enhance the HDL cholesterol-increasing effects of the CLASP1, LHX1, and SNTA1 loci and attenuate the LDL cholesterol-increasing effect of the CNTNAP2 locus. The CLASP1, LHX1, and SNTA1 regions harbor genes linked to muscle function and lipid metabolism. Our results elucidate the role of physical activity interactions in the genetic contribution to blood lipid levels.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Klason, Peter, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis and structural and optical properties of ZnO micro- and nanostructures grown by the vapour-liquid-solid method
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Physica Scripta. - 0031-8949 .- 1402-4896. ; T126, s. 53-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ZnO micro- and nanostructures have been grown by the catalytic vapour - liquid - solid method on silicon and silicon carbide. These micro- and nanostructures were characterized by scanning electron microscope, x-ray diffraction and photoluminescence measurements. The characterization shows that the ZnO nano- and microrods grown have diameters of around 200 nm on the Si substrates and 600 nm when using the SiC substrates. The length ranges from 0.5 to 10 mu m.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Lu, Ting, et al.
(författare)
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Post-crosslinking towards stimuli-responsive sodium alginate beads for the removal of dye and heavy metals
- 2015
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Polymers. - : Elsevier BV. - 0144-8617 .- 1879-1344. ; 133, s. 587-595
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Post-crosslinking as a new strategy to prepare sodium alginate (SA) beads with controllable swelling behavior, pH sensitivity and adsorption capacity was developed by using the solution of glutaraldehyde (GA), acetic acid and hydrochloric acid as the coagulating agent, for which could be used to fabricate polysaccharide beads in a large scale. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis convinced the successful cross-linking of SA by GA. The macro-porous structures of the beads were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Both acetic acid and hydrochloric acid had great effects on the swelling behavior and pH sensitivity of the SA beads. The SA beads could adsorb cationic dye (methylene blue) as high as 572 mg/g and other metal ions (Cu2+, Ag+ and Fe3+). The adsorption processes fitted well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Freundlich isotherm. The large-scale production of SA beads with tunable properties opens a new route to industrially utilize polysaccharide beads in wastewater treatments, intelligent separation and so on.
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| 29. |
- Lu, W., et al.
(författare)
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Application of combinatorial material chip method on the improvement of quantum dots emission efficiency
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. ; 5277:1, s. 99-108
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The combinatorial material chip method has been used to study the emission efficiency of InAs/GaAs quantum dots. The photoluminescence spectroscopy is performed to obtain the rule of emission efficiency on the proton implantation dose. A pronounced enhancement of room temperature emission efficiency has been obtained by the optimized quantum dots process condition. The increment of emission efficiency up to 80 itmes has been observed. This effect may be resulted from both the proton passivation and carrier capture enhancement effects. The maximum photoluminescence peak shift is about 23 meV resulted from the intermixing of quantum dots. A linear dependence behavior has been observed for both the non-radiative recombination time and carrier relaxation time on the ion-implantation dose. The maximum enhancement of the photoluminescence is observed in the proton implantation dose of 1.0 x 1014 cm-2 followed by rapid thermal annealing at 700°C. These effects will be useful for the QDs' optoelectronic devices.
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| 30. |
- Riaz, M., et al.
(författare)
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Buckling and mechanical instability of ZnO nanorods grown on different substrates under uniaxial compression
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Nanotechnology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0957-4484 .- 1361-6528. ; 19:41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mechanical instability and buckling characterization of vertically aligned single-crystal ZnO nanorods grown on different substrates including Si, SiC and sapphire (a-Al2O3) was done quantitatively by the nanoindentation technique. The nanorods were grown on these substrates by the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) method. The critical load for the ZnO nanorods grown on the Si, SiC and Al2O3 substrates was found to be 188, 205 and 130 µN, respectively. These observed critical loads were for nanorods with 280 nm diameters and 900 nm length using Si as a substrate, while the corresponding values were 330 nm, 3300 nm, and 780 nm, 3000 nm in the case of SiC and Al2O3 substrates, respectively. The corresponding buckling energies calculated from the force displacement curves were 8.46 × 10-12, 1.158 × 10-11 and 1.092 × 10-11 J, respectively. Based on the Euler model for long nanorods and the J B Johnson model (which is an extension of the Euler model) for intermediate nanorods, the modulus of elasticity of a single rod was calculated for each sample. Finally, the critical buckling stress and strain were also calculated for all samples. We found that the buckling characteristic is strongly dependent on the quality, lattice mismatch and adhesion of the nanorods with the substrate. © IOP Publishing Ltd.
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| 31. |
- Sampson, Joshua N., et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Heritability and Shared Heritability Based on Genome-Wide Association Studies for 13 Cancer Types
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 107:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Studies of related individuals have consistently demonstrated notable familial aggregation of cancer. We aim to estimate the heritability and genetic correlation attributable to the additive effects of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for cancer at 13 anatomical sites. Methods: Between 2007 and 2014, the US National Cancer Institute has generated data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 49 492 cancer case patients and 34 131 control patients. We apply novel mixed model methodology (GCTA) to this GWAS data to estimate the heritability of individual cancers, as well as the proportion of heritability attributable to cigarette smoking in smoking-related cancers, and the genetic correlation between pairs of cancers. Results: GWAS heritability was statistically significant at nearly all sites, with the estimates of array-based heritability, h(l)(2), on the liability threshold (LT) scale ranging from 0.05 to 0.38. Estimating the combined heritability of multiple smoking characteristics, we calculate that at least 24% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14% to 37%) and 7% (95% CI = 4% to 11%) of the heritability for lung and bladder cancer, respectively, can be attributed to genetic determinants of smoking. Most pairs of cancers studied did not show evidence of strong genetic correlation. We found only four pairs of cancers with marginally statistically significant correlations, specifically kidney and testes (rho = 0.73, SE = 0.28), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and pediatric osteosarcoma (rho = 0.53, SE = 0.21), DLBCL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (rho = 0.51, SE = 0.18), and bladder and lung (rho = 0.35, SE = 0.14). Correlation analysis also indicates that the genetic architecture of lung cancer differs between a smoking population of European ancestry and a nonsmoking Asian population, allowing for the possibility that the genetic etiology for the same disease can vary by population and environmental exposures. Conclusion: Our results provide important insights into the genetic architecture of cancers and suggest new avenues for investigation.
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| 32. |
- Shi, Tian-Le, et al.
(författare)
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Differential gene expression and potential regulatory network of fatty acid biosynthesis during fruit and leaf development in yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium), an oil-producing tree with significant deployment values
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-462X. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Xanthoceras sorbifolium (yellowhorn) is a woody oil plant with super stress resistance and excellent oil characteristics. The yellowhorn oil can be used as biofuel and edible oil with high nutritional and medicinal value. However, genetic studies on yellowhorn are just in the beginning, and fundamental biological questions regarding its very long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) biosynthesis pathway remain largely unknown. In this study, we reconstructed the VLCFA biosynthesis pathway and annotated 137 genes encoding relevant enzymes. We identified four oleosin genes that package triacylglycerols (TAGs) and are specifically expressed in fruits, likely playing key roles in yellowhorn oil production. Especially, by examining time-ordered gene co-expression network (TO-GCN) constructed from fruit and leaf developments, we identified key enzymatic genes and potential regulatory transcription factors involved in VLCFA synthesis. In fruits, we further inferred a hierarchical regulatory network with MYB-related (XS03G0296800) and B3 (XS02G0057600) transcription factors as top-tier regulators, providing clues into factors controlling carbon flux into fatty acids. Our results offer new insights into key genes and transcriptional regulators governing fatty acid production in yellowhorn, laying the foundation for efforts to optimize oil content and fatty acid composition. Moreover, the gene expression patterns and putative regulatory relationships identified here will inform metabolic engineering and molecular breeding approaches tailored to meet biofuel and bioproduct demands.
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| 33. |
- Sun, Xiao-dong, et al.
(författare)
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Implementing a novel capture and ligation probe-PCR method in mass screen and treatment to support malaria elimination efforts in the China-Myanmar border region
- 2023
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Ingår i: Malaria Journal. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1475-2875. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundMass screening and treatment (MSAT) for malaria elimination lacks an ideal diagnostic tool to allow sensitive and affordable test of the target population in the field. This study evaluated whether Capture and Ligation Probe-PCR (CLIP-PCR) could be used in a field MSAT in Laiza City, Myanmar.MethodsOn day 0, two dried blood spots were collected from each participant. On day 1, all samples were screened for Plasmodium in a 20 m(2) laboratory with workbench, a biosafety cabinet, a refrigerator, a benchtop shaking incubator and a qPCR machine, by four technicians using CLIP-PCR with sample pooling, at a health clinic of the Chinese bordering town of Nabang. On day 2, all positives were followed up and treated.ResultsOf 15,038 persons (65% of the total population) screened, 204 (1.36%) were CLIP-PCR positives. Among them, 188, 14, and 2 were infected with Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, and P. vivax/P. falciparum mix, respectively. The testing capacity was 538 persons/day, with a cost of US$0.92 /person. The proportion of submicroscopic infection was 64.7%. All positive individuals received treatment within 72 h after blood collection.ConclusionUsing CLIP-PCR in MSAT in low transmission settings can support the malaria elimination efforts in the China-Myanmar border region.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Sung, Yun Ju, et al.
(författare)
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A multi-ancestry genome-wide study incorporating gene-smoking interactions identifies multiple new loci for pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure
- 2019
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press. - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 28:15, s. 2615-2633
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elevated blood pressure (BP), a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, is influenced by both genetic and lifestyle factors. Cigarette smoking is one such lifestyle factor. Across five ancestries, we performed a genome-wide gene–smoking interaction study of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP) in 129 913 individuals in stage 1 and follow-up analysis in 480 178 additional individuals in stage 2. We report here 136 loci significantly associated with MAP and/or PP. Of these, 61 were previously published through main-effect analysis of BP traits, 37 were recently reported by us for systolic BP and/or diastolic BP through gene–smoking interaction analysis and 38 were newly identified (P < 5 × 10−8, false discovery rate < 0.05). We also identified nine new signals near known loci. Of the 136 loci, 8 showed significant interaction with smoking status. They include CSMD1 previously reported for insulin resistance and BP in the spontaneously hypertensive rats. Many of the 38 new loci show biologic plausibility for a role in BP regulation. SLC26A7 encodes a chloride/bicarbonate exchanger expressed in the renal outer medullary collecting duct. AVPR1A is widely expressed, including in vascular smooth muscle cells, kidney, myocardium and brain. FHAD1 is a long non-coding RNA overexpressed in heart failure. TMEM51 was associated with contractile function in cardiomyocytes. CASP9 plays a central role in cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Identified only in African ancestry were 30 novel loci. Our findings highlight the value of multi-ancestry investigations, particularly in studies of interaction with lifestyle factors, where genomic and lifestyle differences may contribute to novel findings.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Wang, Shaoying, et al.
(författare)
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Characterizing lipid profiles associated with asymptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis in rural-dwelling adults : A population-based study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Lipidology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1933-2874 .- 1876-4789. ; 14:3, s. 371-380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Although individual lipid parameters have been frequently examined in association with asymptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis (aICAS), few population-based studies have investigated the lipid profiles associated with aICAS among Chinese adults. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to characterize the lipid profiles associated with aICAS in rural-dwelling adults in China. METHODS: This population-based study included 2027 persons who were aged >= 40 years and free of stroke. Data were collected via interviews, clinical examinations, and laboratory testing. We diagnosed aICAS by integrating transcranial color Doppler with magnetic resonance angiography. Data were analyzed using binary and multinomial logistic regression models. RESULTS: Of the 2027 participants, 154 were detected with aICAS. The multiadjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of aICAS was 1.41 (0.997-2.00) for high small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 1.44 (1.02-2.04) for high lipoprotein(a), 1.71 (1.21-2.44) for low apolipoprotein A-1, 1.43 (1.00-2.04) for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), 1.61 (1.14-2.27) for high apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-1 ratio, 1.95 (1.38-2.76) for high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/HDL-C ratio, and 1.51 (1.06-2.14) for high total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio. When severity of aICAS was analyzed, high levels of lipoprotein(a), small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lipid ratios were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of moderate-to-severe aICAS (P < .05). An increasing number of abnormal lipid measurements was associated with an increased likelihood of aICAS (P for trend <.001). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that lipid profiles for aICAS among rural residents in China are characterized by high atherogenic cholesterol, low antiatherogenic cholesterol, and high ratios of atherogenic-to-antiatherogenic cholesterol or lipoproteins.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Willander, Magnus, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Fundamentals and properties of zinc oxide nanostructures: optical and sensing applications
- 2008
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Ingår i: Superlattices and Microstructures. - : Elsevier BV. - 0749-6036 .- 1096-3677. ; 43:4, s. 352-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we will give an overview of the status of catalytic growth and of low-temperature chemical growth of ZnO nanostructures performed in our laboratory. Particularly results employing different substrates will be discussed. The second part deals with structural and optical properties of ZnO nanorods. The results from high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), photoluminescence (PL), Cathodoluminescence (CL), and Electroluminescence (EL), on single nanowires will be shown. Our results on surface morphology, bulk and the position of the catalyst as well as the optical properties including UV emission, lasing and white emission will all be presented and discussed. In the third part experimental results from electroluminescence of ZnO nanorods on different substrates in the UV in addition to excellent white light emission obtained from samples grown at low temperature are to be given and discussed. Finally the sensing of molecules in water by ZnO nanorods will be discussed from a theoretical point of view. Also fundamental properties of polaritons and excitons in ZnO nanostructures are to be highlighted.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Willander, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Light-emitting diodes based on n-ZnO nano-wires and p-type organic semiconductors
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proc. SPIE 6895. - : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. ; 6895, s. 68950O-1-10-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- After our recent successful demonstration of high brightness white light emitting diodes (HB-LEDs) based on high temperature grown n-ZnO nanowires on different p-type semiconductors, we present here LEDs fabricated on n-ZnO nano-wires and p-type organic semiconductors. By employing a low temperature chemical growth (≤ 90 °C) approach for ZnO synthesis combined together with organic p-type semiconductors, we demonstrate high quality LEDs fabricated on a variety of different substrates. The substrates include transparent glass, plastic, and conventional Si. Different multi-layers of p-type organic semiconductors with or without electron blocking layers have been demonstrated and characterized. The investigated p-type organic semiconductors include PEDOT:PSS, which was used as a anode in combination with other p-type polymers. Some of the heterojunction diodes also contain an electron blocking polymer sandwiched between the p-type polymer and the n-ZnO nano-wire. The insertion of electron blocking layer is necessary to engineer the device for the desired emission. Structural and electrical results will be presented. The preliminary I-V characteristics of the organic-inorganic hybrid heterojunction diodes show good rectifying properties. Finally we also present our findings on the origin of the green luminescence band which is responsible of the white light emission in ZnO is discussed.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Willander, Magnus, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Solid and soft nanostructured materials: fundamentals and applications
- 2005
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Ingår i: Microelectronics Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0026-2692. ; 36:11, s. 940-949
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The scientific work worldwide on nanostructured materials is extensive as well as the work on the applications of nanostructured materials. We will review quasi two-, one- and zero-dimensional solid and soft materials and their applications. We will restrict ourselves to a few examples from partly fundamental aspects and partly from application aspects. We will start with trapping of excitons in semiconductor nanostructures. The subjects are: physical realizations, phase diagrams, traps, local density approximations, and mesoscopic condensates. From these fundamental questions in solid nanomaterials we will move to trapping of molecules in water using nanostructured electrodes. We will also discuss how to manipulate water (create vortices) by nanostructure materials. The second part deals with nanorods (nano-wires). Particularly we will exemplify with ZnO nanorods. The reason for this is that ZnO has: a very strong excitons binding energy (60 meV) and strong photon–excitons coupling energy, a strong tendency to create nanostructures, and properties which make the material of interest for both optoelectronics and for medical applications. We start with the growth of crystalline ZnO nanorods on different substrates, both crystalline (silicon, silicon carbide, sapphire, etc) and amorphous substrates (silicon dioxide, plastic materials, etc) for temperatures from 50 °C up to 900 °C. The optical properties and crystalline properties of the nanorods will be analyzed. Applications from optoelectronics (lasers, LEDs, lamps, and detectors) are analyzed and also medical applications like photodynamic cancer therapy are taken up. The third part deals with nano-particles in ZnO for sun screening. Skin cancer due to the exposure from the sun can be prevented by ZnO particles in a paste put on the exposed skin.
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| 47. |
- Willander, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Some silicon-based heterostructures for optical applications
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Electronic Materials. - : Springer Science Business Media. - 0361-5235 .- 1543-186X. ; 34:5, s. 515-521
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we will present our recent research on the growth and characterization of some Si-based heterostructures for optical and photonic devices. The heterostructures to be discussed are ZnO nanorods on Si, SiO2, and other substrates such as SiN and sapphire. We will also consider strained Si1-xGex/Si heterostructures for Si optoelectronics. The performance and functionality extension of Si technology for photonic applications due to the development of such heterostructures will be presented. We will focus on the results of structural and optical characterization in relation to device properties. The structural characterization includes x-ray diffraction for assessment of the crystallinity and stress in the films and secondary ion mass spectrometry for chemical analysis. The optical properties and electronic structure were investigated by using photoluminescence. The device application of these thin film structures includes detectors, lasers, and light emitting devices. Some of the Si-based heterostructures to be presented include devices emitting and detecting up to the blue-green and violet wave lengths.
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| 48. |
- Willander, Magnus, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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ZnO nanowires : chemical growth, electro-deposition and application to intracellular nano-sensors
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physica Status Solidi. C, Current topics in solid state physics. - : Wiley. - 1610-1634 .- 1610-1642 .- 1862-6351. ; 5:9, s. 3076-3083
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we present our results on growth, characterization, and nano-devices based on ZnO nano-structures. The ZnO nano-structures were grown by mainly two methods, the catalytic Vapor Liquid Solid (VLS) and the low temperature chemical growth. We show that by multiple coating combined with low temperature chemical growth, well aligned with size controlled ZnO nanowires on silicon substrates can be achieved. The dissolution, due to its important on the stability of ZnO nano-structures in aqueous medium, is then discussed and some preliminary experimental results are shown. Basic Optical characteristics of ZnO nano-rods are briefly discussed. Finally, electrochemical intracellular nano-sensors based on ZnO nano-wires are demonstrated as efficient nano-sensors for monitoring the human cell activity with minute pH changes. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
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| 49. |
- Xiang, T., et al.
(författare)
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Zwitterionic polymer functionalization of polysulfone membrane with improved antifouling property and blood compatibility by combination of ATRP and click chemistry
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Biomaterialia. - : Elsevier. - 1742-7061 .- 1878-7568. ; 40, s. 162-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chemical compositions are very important for designing blood-contacting membranes with good antifouling property and blood compatibility. In this study, we propose a method combining ATRP and click chemistry to introduce zwitterionic polymer of poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA), negatively charged polymers of poly(sodium methacrylate) (PNaMAA) and/or poly(sodium p-styrene sulfonate) (PNaSS), to improve the antifouling property and blood compatibility of polysulfone (PSf) membranes. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and water contact angle results confirmed the successful grafting of the functional polymers. The antifouling property and blood compatibility of the modified membranes were systematically investigated. The zwitterionic polymer (PSBMA) grafted membranes showed good resistance to protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion; the negatively charged polymer (PNaSS or PNaMAA) grafted membranes showed improved blood compatibility, especially the anticoagulant property. Moreover, the PSBMA/PNaMAA modified membrane showed both antifouling property and anticoagulant property, and exhibited a synergistic effect in inhibiting blood coagulation. The functionalization of membrane surfaces by a combination of ATRP and click chemistry is demonstrated as an effective route to improve the antifouling property and blood compatibility of membranes in blood-contact.
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| 50. |
- Zhang, M., et al.
(författare)
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Preparation, characterization and application of poly(sodium p-styrenesulfonate)/poly(methyl methacrylate) particles
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. - : Elsevier. - 1226-086X .- 1876-794X. ; 34, s. 415-421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, poly(sodium p-styrenesulfonate)/poly(methyl methacrylate) particles were facilely prepared by in situ cross-linked polymerization followed with a liquid-liquid phase inversion technique. The particles exhibited selective adsorption for cationic dyes due to the negatively charged sulfonic groups. The intra-particle diffusion process was the rate-limiting step for the adsorption of methylene blue. More than 90% of cationic dye was removed by the adsorption column of the particles after three circulations. The particles could be facilely fabricated and industrially used for wastewater treatment.
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