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- Du, QQ, et al.
(författare)
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Generation of mega brown adipose tissue in adults by controlling brown adipocyte differentiation in vivo
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490. ; 119:40, s. e2203307119-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a highly specialized adipose tissue in its immobile location and size during the entire adulthood. In response to cold exposure and other β3-adrenoreceptor stimuli, BAT commits energy consumption by nonshivering thermogenesis (NST). However, the molecular machinery in controlling the BAT mass in adults is unknown. Here, we show our surprising findings that the BAT mass and functions can be manipulated in adult animals by controlling BAT adipocyte differentiation in vivo. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFα) expressed in BAT progenitor cells served a signaling function to avert adipose progenitor differentiation. Genetic and pharmacological loss-of-function of PDGFRα eliminated the differentiation barrier and permitted progenitor cell differentiation to mature and functional BAT adipocytes. Consequently, an enlarged BAT mass (megaBAT) was created by PDGFRα inhibition owing to increases of brown adipocyte numbers. Under cold exposure, a microRNA-485 (miR-485) was identified as a master suppressor of the PDGFRα signaling, and delivery of miR-485 also produced megaBAT in adult animals. Noticeably, megaBAT markedly improved global metabolism, insulin sensitivity, high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity, and diabetes by enhancing NST. Together, our findings demonstrate that the adult BAT mass can be increased by blocking the previously unprecedented inhibitory signaling for BAT progenitor cell differentiation. Thus, blocking the PDGFRα for the generation of megaBAT provides an attractive strategy for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
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- Xu, L, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in Psychotropic Medication Prescriptions in Urban China From 2013 to 2017: National Population-Based Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-0640. ; 12, s. 727453-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Psychotropic medications are commonly used for treating mental disorders; however, there is currently no study on how commonly they are used in China. This study reported the trends in psychotropic medications prescriptions in urban China.Methods: A national population-based study was conducted using the China Health Insurance Research Association database to estimate the period prescription prevalence of 11 major classes of psychotropic medications annually during 2013–2017. The World Health Organization Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification codes were used to identify psychotropic medications.Results: The prescription prevalence of any psychotropic medication increased from 8.110% (8.106–8.114%) in 2013 to 11.362% (11.357–11.366%) in 2017. The prescription prevalence of six classes increased significantly during 2013–2017, including sedatives-hypnotics (from 3.177 to 5.388%), anxiolytics (from 1.436 to 2.200%), antiepileptic drugs (from 1.416 to 2.140%), antipsychotics (from 0.809 to 1.156%), antidepressants (from 0.891 to 1.045%), and psycholeptic polypills (from 0.682 to 0.866%). The prescription prevalence of antidementia drugs increased from 0.069 to 0.122%, and mood stabilizers increased from 0.029 to 0.037%, although not statistically significant. The prescription prevalence of nootropic drugs, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications and drugs used in the treatment of addictive disorders was largely stable. Psychotropic medication prescription increased with age for all classes except for ADHD medications and mood stabilizers.Conclusion: Increasing trends in prescription prevalence were observed for most classes of psychotropic medications in urban China, although the prevalence was still lower than that in most developed countries. Further research is warranted to explore the potential treatment gap between China and most developed countries.
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- Zhou, QJ, et al.
(författare)
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Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus and Associated Factors Among Preconception Women: A Cross-Sectional Nationwide Study in China
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in public health. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-2565. ; 9, s. 631411-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Cytomegalovirus seroconversion during pregnancy is common and has a substantial risk of congenital infection with longterm sequale. Screening during pregnancy or vaccination have not been shown to be effective for eliminating congenital infections. Preconception screening policy has not been evaluated adequately in a large scale. This nationwide study aimed to investigate epidemiological features of cytomegalovirus seropositivity and its geographic variation among Chinese women planning a pregnancy to gather epidemiological evidence as an essential for developing novel prevention strategies.Method: This cross-sectional sero-epidemiological survey enrolled women intending to become pregnant within 6 months in mainland China during 2010–2012. The primary outcomes in this study were cytomegalovirus Immunoglobulin G and M seropositivity. Secondary outcomes were the associations between Immunoglobulin G and Immunoglobulin M, with socio-demographic characteristics, including age, occupation, education level, place of residence, and ethnicity. The overall seropositivity and regional disparity was analyzed on the individual and regional level, respectively.Results: This study included data from 1,564,649 women from 31 provinces in mainland China. Among participants, 38.6% (n = 603,511) were cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin G+, 0.4% (n = 6,747) were immunoglobulin M+, and 0.2% (n = 2,879) were immunoglobulin M+ and immunoglobulin G+. On individual level, participant's age, ethnicity, and residing region were significantly associated with IgG+, IgM+, and IgM+IgG+ (P < 0.001), while occupation, education level, and place of residence were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). On regional level, cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M seropositivity was highest in the eastern region (49.5 and 0.5%, respectively), and lowest in the western region (26.9 and 0.4%, respectively). This geographic variation was also noted at the provincial level, characterized by higher provincial immunoglobulin M+ and immunoglobulin G+ rates associated with higher immunoglobulin G seropositivity. In the subgroup analysis of immunoglobulin G seropositivity, areas of higher immunoglobulin G positivity had a higher rate of immunoglobulin M+, indicating an expected increased risk of reinfection and primary infection.Conclusions: A substantial proportion of women (>60%) were susceptible to cytomegalovirus in preconception period in China, and immunoglobulin G seropositivity was seen at a low-medium level with substantial geographic variation. Integration of cytomegalovirus antibody testing in preconception screening program based on regional immunoglobulin G seropositivity, should be considered to promote strategies directed toward preventing sero-conversion during pregnancy to reduce the risk of this congenital infection.
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