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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 5. |
- Sampson, Joshua N., et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Heritability and Shared Heritability Based on Genome-Wide Association Studies for 13 Cancer Types
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 107:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Studies of related individuals have consistently demonstrated notable familial aggregation of cancer. We aim to estimate the heritability and genetic correlation attributable to the additive effects of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for cancer at 13 anatomical sites. Methods: Between 2007 and 2014, the US National Cancer Institute has generated data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 49 492 cancer case patients and 34 131 control patients. We apply novel mixed model methodology (GCTA) to this GWAS data to estimate the heritability of individual cancers, as well as the proportion of heritability attributable to cigarette smoking in smoking-related cancers, and the genetic correlation between pairs of cancers. Results: GWAS heritability was statistically significant at nearly all sites, with the estimates of array-based heritability, h(l)(2), on the liability threshold (LT) scale ranging from 0.05 to 0.38. Estimating the combined heritability of multiple smoking characteristics, we calculate that at least 24% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14% to 37%) and 7% (95% CI = 4% to 11%) of the heritability for lung and bladder cancer, respectively, can be attributed to genetic determinants of smoking. Most pairs of cancers studied did not show evidence of strong genetic correlation. We found only four pairs of cancers with marginally statistically significant correlations, specifically kidney and testes (rho = 0.73, SE = 0.28), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and pediatric osteosarcoma (rho = 0.53, SE = 0.21), DLBCL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (rho = 0.51, SE = 0.18), and bladder and lung (rho = 0.35, SE = 0.14). Correlation analysis also indicates that the genetic architecture of lung cancer differs between a smoking population of European ancestry and a nonsmoking Asian population, allowing for the possibility that the genetic etiology for the same disease can vary by population and environmental exposures. Conclusion: Our results provide important insights into the genetic architecture of cancers and suggest new avenues for investigation.
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| 6. |
- Chen, Ke-Ling, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Tocilizumab on Experimental Severe Acute Pancreatitis and Associated Acute Lung Injury
- 2016
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Ingår i: Critical Care Medicine. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 0090-3493 .- 1530-0293. ; 44:8, s. E664-E677
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine the therapeutic effects of tocilizumab, an antibody against interleukin-6 receptor, on experimental severe acute pancreatitis and associated acute lung injury. The optimal dose of tocilizumab and the activation of interleukin-6 inflammatory signaling were also investigated. Design: Randomized experiment. Setting: Research laboratory at a university hospital. Subject: Experimental severe acute pancreatitis in rats. Interventions: Severe acute pancreatitis was induced by retrograde injection of sodium taurocholate (50 mg/kg) into the biliopancreatic duct. In dose-study, rats were administered with different doses of tocilizumab (1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 mg/kg) through the tail vein after severe acute pancreatitis induction. In safety-study, rats without severe acute pancreatitis induction were treated with high doses of tocilizumab (8, 16, 32, and 64 mg/kg). Serum and tissue samples of rats in time-study were collected for biomolecular and histologic evaluations at different time points (2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hr). Measurements and Main Results: 1) Under the administration of tocilizumab, histopathological scores of pancreas and lung were decreased, and severity parameters related to severe acute pancreatitis and associated lung injury, including serum amylase, C-reactive protein, lung surfactant protein level, and myeloperoxidase activity, were all significant alleviated in rat models. 2) Dose-study demonstrated that 2 mg/kg tocilizumab was the optimal treatment dose. 3) Basing on multi-organ pathologic evaluation, physiological and biochemical data, no adverse effect and toxicity of tocilizumab were observed in safety-study. 4) Pancreatic nuclear factor-kappa B and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 were deactivated, and the serum chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 was down-regulated after tocilizumab administration. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated tocilizumab, as a marketed drug commonly used for immune-mediated diseases, was safe and effective for the treatment of experimental severe acute pancreatitis and associated acute lung injury. Our findings provide experimental evidences for potential clinical application of tocilizumab in severe acute pancreatitis and associated complications.
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| 7. |
- Jin, Ying-Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management of COVID-19 : An evidence-based clinical practice guideline (updated version)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Military Medical Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2054-9369. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting more than seventeen million people around the world. Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for clinicians caring for patients are needed. In the early stage, we have issued "A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)"; now there are many direct evidences emerged and may change some of previous recommendations and it is ripe for develop an evidence-based guideline. We formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists. The steering group members proposed 29 questions that are relevant to the management of COVID-19 covering the following areas: chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management. We searched the literature for direct evidence on the management of COVID-19, and assessed its certainty generated recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Recommendations were either strong or weak, or in the form of ungraded consensus-based statement. Finally, we issued 34 statements. Among them, 6 were strong recommendations for, 14 were weak recommendations for, 3 were weak recommendations against and 11 were ungraded consensus-based statement. They covered topics of chemoprophylaxis (including agents and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) agents), diagnosis (including clinical manifestations, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respiratory tract specimens, IgM and IgG antibody tests, chest computed tomography, chest x-ray, and CT features of asymptomatic infections), treatments (including lopinavir-ritonavir, umifenovir, favipiravir, interferon, remdesivir, combination of antiviral drugs, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, interleukin-6 inhibitors, interleukin-1 inhibitors, glucocorticoid, qingfei paidu decoction, lianhua qingwen granules/capsules, convalescent plasma, lung transplantation, invasive or noninvasive ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)), and discharge management (including discharge criteria and management plan in patients whose RT-PCR retesting shows SARS-CoV-2 positive after discharge). We also created two figures of these recommendations for the implementation purpose. We hope these recommendations can help support healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients.
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| 8. |
- Kato, Norihiro, et al.
(författare)
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Trans-ancestry genome-wide association study identifies 12 genetic loci influencing blood pressure and implicates a role for DNA methylation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 47:11, s. 1282-1293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We carried out a trans-ancestry genome-wide association and replication study of blood pressure phenotypes among up to 320,251 individuals of East Asian, European and South Asian ancestry. We find genetic variants at 12 new loci to be associated with blood pressure (P = 3.9 × 10−11 to 5.0 × 10−21). The sentinel blood pressure SNPs are enriched for association with DNA methylation at multiple nearby CpG sites, suggesting that, at some of the loci identified, DNA methylation may lie on the regulatory pathway linking sequence variation to blood pressure. The sentinel SNPs at the 12 new loci point to genes involved in vascular smooth muscle (IGFBP3, KCNK3, PDE3A and PRDM6) and renal (ARHGAP24, OSR1, SLC22A7 and TBX2) function. The new and known genetic variants predict increased left ventricular mass, circulating levels of NT-proBNP, and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality (P = 0.04 to 8.6 × 10−6). Our results provide new evidence for the role of DNA methylation in blood pressure regulation.
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| 9. |
- Leebens-Mack, James H., et al.
(författare)
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One thousand plant transcriptomes and the phylogenomics of green plants
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 574:7780, s. 679-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Green plants (Viridiplantae) include around 450,000-500,000 species(1,2) of great diversity and have important roles in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Here, as part of the One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative, we sequenced the vegetative transcriptomes of 1,124 species that span the diversity of plants in a broad sense (Archaeplastida), including green plants (Viridiplantae), glaucophytes (Glaucophyta) and red algae (Rhodophyta). Our analysis provides a robust phylogenomic framework for examining the evolution of green plants. Most inferred species relationships are well supported across multiple species tree and supermatrix analyses, but discordance among plastid and nuclear gene trees at a few important nodes highlights the complexity of plant genome evolution, including polyploidy, periods of rapid speciation, and extinction. Incomplete sorting of ancestral variation, polyploidization and massive expansions of gene families punctuate the evolutionary history of green plants. Notably, we find that large expansions of gene families preceded the origins of green plants, land plants and vascular plants, whereas whole-genome duplications are inferred to have occurred repeatedly throughout the evolution of flowering plants and ferns. The increasing availability of high-quality plant genome sequences and advances in functional genomics are enabling research on genome evolution across the green tree of life.
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| 10. |
- Li, Xing, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced Photocurrent Density by Spin-Coated NiO Photocathodes for N-Annulated Perylene-Based p-Type Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
- 2016
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 8:30, s. 19393-19401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The low photocurrent density of p-type dye sensitized solar cells (p-DSSCs) has limited the development of high-efficiency tandem cells due to the inadequate light harvesting ability of sensitizers and the low hole mobility of semiconductors. Hereby, two new "push-pull" type organic dyes (PQ-1 and PQ-2) containing N-annulated perylene as electron donor have been synthesized, where the PQ-2-based p-DSSCs show higher photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.316% owing to the higher molar extinction compared to of that PQ-1. Additionally, the photocurrent densities were remarkably increased from 2.20 to 5.85 mA cm(-2) for PQ-1 and 2.45 to 6.69 mA cm(-2) for PQ-2 by spin coated NiO photocathode based-p-DSSCs, respectively. This results are ascribed to the enhancement of hole transport rate, dye loading amounts and transparency of NiO films in comparison to that prepared by screen-printing method. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and theoretical calculations studies indicate that the molecular dipole moment approaching closer to the NiO surface shifts the quasi-Fermi level to more positive levels, improving,open-circuit voltage (V-oc). Intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy illustrates that the hole transit time in NiO films prepared in spin-coating is shorter than that prepared by screen-printing method.
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| 11. |
- Liu, Yang, et al.
(författare)
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Association of mitochondrial DNA copy number with chronic kidney disease in older adults
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics. - : BMC. - 1471-2318. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney cells has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Estimation of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) is considered a convenient method for representing mitochondrial function in large samples. However, no study has investigated the association between mtDNA-CN and CKD in older adults with the highest prevalence. The objective is to examine cross-sectional and prospective associations between mtDNA-CN values and CKD risk in older adults to determine whether mtDNA-CN represents a novel potential biomarker for the recognition of CKD risk. Patients and methods In a Chinese community-based cohort of over 65-year-olds, we included 14,467 participants (52.6% females). CKD was defined by eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) or ICD-10 codes (patients = 3831 (26.5%)). Participants had peripheral blood levels of mtDNA-CN calculated from probe intensities of the Axiom CAS Array. Results The risk of CKD prevalence decreased with mtDNA-CN per 1-SD increment, independent of established risk factors for older CKD (odds ratio [OR] per SD 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.86, 0.93, P < 0.001), and has comparable strength of association with these established risk factors. Furthermore, the progression of kidney function was stratified according to the worsening of eGFR categories. The risk of kidney function progression to a more severe stage gradually decreased as the mtDNA-CN increased (P trend < 0.001). Non-CKD participants in the highest quartile of mtDNA-CN had a lower risk of developing CKD compared to the lowest quartile within 2 years of follow-up, reducing the risk of CKD by 36% (95% CI 0.42, 0.97; P = 0.037). Conclusions Based on the analysis of the largest sample to date investigating the association between mtDNA-CN and CKD in older adults, higher levels of mtDNA-CN were found to be associated with a lower risk of CKD, suggesting that a reduced level of mtDNA-CN is a potential risk factor for CKD.
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| 12. |
- Liu, Yong, et al.
(författare)
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Deletion Of XIAP reduces the severity of acute pancreatitis via regulation of cell death and nuclear factor-kappa B activity
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cell Death and Disease. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2041-4889. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) still remains a clinical challenge, not only for its high mortality but the uncontrolled inflammatory progression from acute pancreatitis (AP) to SAP. Cell death, including apoptosis and necrosis are critical pathology of AP, since the severity of pancreatitis correlates directly with necrosis and inversely with apoptosis Therefore, regulation of cell death from necrosis to apoptosis may have practicably therapeutic value. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is the best characterized member of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) family, but its function in AP remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the potential role of XIAP in regulation of cell death and inflammation during acute pancreatitis. The in vivo pancreatitis model was induced by the administration of cerulein with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or by the administration of L-arginine in wild-type or XIAP-deficient mice, and ex vivo model was induced by the administration of cerulein+LPS in AR42J cell line following XIAP inhibition. The severity of acute pancreatitis was determined by serum amylase activity and histological grading. XIAP deletion on cell apoptosis, necrosis and inflammatory response were examined. Caspases activities, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) activation and receptor-interacting protein kinase1 (RIP1) degradation were assessed by western blot. Deletion of XIAP resulted in the reduction of amylase activity, decrease of NF-kappa B activation and less release of TNF-alpha and IL-6, together with increased caspases activities and RIP1 degradation, leading to enhanced apoptosis and reduced necrosis in pancreatic acinar cells and ameliorated the severity of acute pancreatitis. Our results indicate that deletion of XIAP switches cell death away from necrosis to apoptosis and decreases the inflammatory response, effectively attenuating the severity of AP/SAP. The critical role of XIAP in cell death and inflammation suggests that inhibition of XIAP represents a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of acute pancreatitis.
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| 13. |
- Lo Faro, Valeria, Postdoc, et al.
(författare)
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Novel ancestry-specific primary open-angle glaucoma loci and shared biology with vascular mechanisms and cell proliferation
- 2024
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Ingår i: Cell Reports Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 2666-3791. ; 5:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Primary open -angle glaucoma (POAG), a leading cause of irreversible blindness globally, shows disparity in prevalence and manifestations across ancestries. We perform meta -analysis across 15 biobanks (of the Global Biobank Meta -analysis Initiative) (n = 1,487,441: cases = 26,848) and merge with previous multiancestry studies, with the combined dataset representing the largest and most diverse POAG study to date (n = 1,478,037: cases = 46,325) and identify 17 novel significant loci, 5 of which were ancestry specific. Gene -enrichment and transcriptome-wide association analyses implicate vascular and cancer genes, a fifth of which are primary ciliary related. We perform an extensive statistical analysis of SIX6 and CDKN2B-AS1 loci in human GTEx data and across large electronic health records showing interaction between SIX6 gene and causal variants in the chr9p21.3 locus, with expression effect on CDKN2A/B. Our results suggest that some POAG risk variants may be ancestry specific, sex specific, or both, and support the contribution of genes involved in programmed cell death in POAG pathogenesis.
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| 14. |
- Pan, Qinying, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrafast charge transfer dynamics in 2D covalent organic frameworks/Re-complex hybrid photocatalyst
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rhenium(I)-carbonyl-diimine complexes have emerged as promising photocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction with covalent organic frameworks recognized as perfect sensitizers and scaffold support. Such Re complexes/covalent organic frameworks hybrid catalysts have demonstrated high carbon dioxide reduction activities but with strong excitation energy-dependence. In this paper, we rationalize this behavior by the excitation energy-dependent pathways of internal photo-induced charge transfer studied via transient optical spectroscopies and time-dependent density-functional theory calculation. Under band-edge excitation, the excited electrons are quickly injected from covalent organic frameworks moiety into catalytic RheniumI center within picosecond but followed by fast backward geminate recombination. While under excitation with high-energy photon, the injected electrons are located at high-energy levels in RheniumI centers with longer lifetime. Besides those injected electrons to RheniumI center, there still remain some long-lived electrons in covalent organic frameworks moiety which is transferred back from RheniumI. This facilitates the two-electron reaction of carbon dioxide conversion to carbon monoxide.
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| 15. |
- Shen, Zhongjin, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of Powerful Electron-Donating Indeno[1, 2-b]thiophene-Based Green D-A-pi-A Sensitizers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
- 2016
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Ingår i: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2168-0485. ; 4:6, s. 3518-3525
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three new near-infrared D-A-pi-A dyes (Si, S2, and S3) with 80 indeno[1,2-b]thiophene-based strong donor, containing 5,6-difluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (DFBT), benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (BT), and 2,3diphenylpyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine (PP) as the auxiliary acceptor, respectively, were synthesized for the application of dye-sensitized solar cells. Introduction of powerful electron-donating unit of indeno[1,2-b]thiophene and the strong electron-withdrawing DFBT, BT, and PP groups into the conjugation bridge can enhance the absorption wavelength range into NIR region, where the maximum absorptions of the three compounds are all over 610 nm and S3 can reach 628 nm. Moreover, it is rare to see that the colors of the dyes are all green both in dichloromethane and on the TiO2 film. Via fine-tuning of the auxiliary moiety, the onset of incident-photon-conversion efficiency of S1-S3 can reach 850 nm and S3-based DSSCs in the presence of iodine and cobalt electrolytes show the best overall solar energy conversion efficiency of 6.29% and 7.23% under full sunlight (AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm(-2)) irradiation, which are relatively high values in organic NIR green dye-based DSSCs. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicates that S3-based DSSCs can suppress charge recombination more efficiently, accounting for its higher open circuit voltage and short circuit current.
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| 16. |
- Song, Yanling, et al.
(författare)
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Growth of winter wheat adapting to climate warming may face more low-temperature damage
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Climatology. - : Wiley. - 0899-8418 .- 1097-0088. ; 43:4, s. 1970-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- China's surface air temperature is increasing due to global warming, so it is interesting that how low temperatures would be changed during the growth period of winter wheat in future. We focused on the low temperatures of winter wheat from 2021 to 2050, using temperatures under the high emission scenario Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) projected by the RegCM4.4 regional climate model. The results showed that the annual mean temperature was projected to increase by 0.42°C⋅decade−1 in the northern and by 0.35°C⋅decade−1 in the southern winter wheat region. Furthermore, the temperature was expected to increase rapidly in spring, which could advance the dates of flowering and the start of the grain-filling period. Using the genetic parameters determined by the calibration and validation of WOFOST and bias-corrected projected meteorological data, simulations of winter wheat growth were performed over the winter wheat region for 2021–2050. The simulated number of days to the flowering period of winter wheat for 2041–2050 was on average 6.5 days less than in 2021–2030, due to the spring warming. Because of the earlier start of the growing season, winter wheat could face negative effects by being subjected to low temperatures. Indeed, the number of low-temperature days was projected to increase by 110% from 2041 to 2050 compared to 2021–2030, and the number of killing degree days (KDDs) is projected to increase by 120% at the same time. If the number of days to flowering did not change, the number of low-temperature days and KDDs only changed slightly, showing that the negative influence of low temperature was mainly caused by the advancement of the flowering date. The effect of low temperature on growth was underestimated when the response of winter wheat growth to global warming was not considered.
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| 17. |
- Tian, Yu-Peng, et al.
(författare)
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Investigations and facile synthesis of a series of novel multi-functional two-photon absorption materials
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 0959-9428 .- 1364-5501. ; 17:34, s. 3646-3654
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Six centrosymmetric D-(pi-A)(3) structural triphenylamine derivatives that can be used as two- photon photopolymerization and optical data storage chromophores, tris[ 4-( 4- pyridylethenyl) phenyl] amine ( 1), tris[ 4-( 2- pyridylethenyl) phenyl] amine ( 2), tris( 4- cyanoethenylphenyl) amine ( 3), tris[ 4- butylacrylatephenyl] amine ( 4), tris[ 4- methylacrylatephenyl] amine ( 5) and tris[ 4- acrylicethenylphenyl] amine ( 6), have been successfully synthesized via a triple palladium-catalyzed Heck coupling reaction, and the novel chromophores were fully characterized by elemental analysis, IR, (1)H-NMR and ESIMS. The structure for 3 was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction study. One- and two-photon absorption and fluorescence in various solvents were experimentally investigated. Two-photon initiated polymerization microfabrication and optical data recording experiments were carried out under 780 nm laser radiation, and the possible polymerization mechanism is discussed based on theoretical calculations. All the six chromophores have relatively large two-photon absorption crosssections, and exhibit optical memory and highly efficient two-photon initiated polymerization abilities.
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| 18. |
- Wang, Chao-Jie, et al.
(författare)
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Clinicopathological significance of microRNA-31, -143 and -145 expression in colorectal cancer
- 2009
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Ingår i: Disease Markers. - 0278-0240 .- 1875-8630. ; 26:1, s. 27-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We are just beginning to understand how microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in tumor-related processes in humans. Applying real-time RT-PCR, we investigated the miR-31, miR-143 and miR-145 expression in 98 primary CRC specimens, along with the corresponding normal mucosa specimens, and analyze the relationship of their expression with clinicopathological features. Our results showed the miR-31 expression was up-regulated in CRC compared to normal mucosa (p = 0.001). Furthermore, miR-31 expression was positively related to advanced TNM stage (p = 0.026) and deeper invasion of tumors (p = 0.024). MiR-145 was down-regulated in both colon (p = 0.001) and rectal (p = 0.012) cancer. MiR-143 was only down-regulated in colon cancer (p = 0.023) but not in rectal cancer (p = 0.351). There was no relationship of miR-143 and miR-145 expression with other clinicopathological features (p > 0.05), except that the miR-145 expression was related to cancer site (p = 0.03). In conclusion, the miR-31 overexpression may be involved in the development and progression of CRC. The miR-143 and miR-145 may play a certain role in the development of colon and/or rectal cancers but not in progression of the disease.
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| 19. |
- Wang, Ludi, et al.
(författare)
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A Novel Neural Network Model for Blood Pressure Estimation Using Photoplethesmography without Electrocardiogram
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Healthcare Engineering. - : HINDAWI LTD. - 2040-2295 .- 2040-2309.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prevention, evaluation, and treatment of hypertension have attracted increasing attention in recent years. As photoplethysmography (PPG) technology has been widely applied to wearable sensors, the noninvasive estimation of blood pressure (BP) using the PPG method has received considerable interest. In this paper, a method for estimating systolic and diastolic BP based only on a PPG signal is developed. The multitaper method (MTM) is used for feature extraction, and an artificial neural network (ANN) is used for estimation. Compared with previous approaches, the proposed method obtains better accuracy; the mean absolute error is 4.02 +/- 2.79mmHg for systolic BP and 2.27 +/- 1.82mmHg for diastolic BP.
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| 20. |
- Wang, Ludi, et al.
(författare)
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CHF Detection with LSTM Neural Network
- 2018
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Ingår i: 2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). - : IEEE. - 9781538636466 - 9781538636459 - 9781538636473 ; , s. 514-517
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heart rate variability has been proven to be an effective prediction of risk of heart failure. The tradition method required manual feature extraction, thus may lead to potential error. In order to improve the robustness, a deep learning method based on long short-term memory has been presented in this paper. Three RR interval length (N) for detection are used. Without pre-processing, this method obtain 82.47%, 85.13% and 84.91% accuracy for N = 50 (average time length is 37.8s), N = 100 (average time length is 73.9s), N = 500 (average time length is 369.5s), respectively. This method makes it possible to detect CHF through intelligent hardware or mobile application.
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| 21. |
- Wang, Lu-di, et al.
(författare)
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A novel method based on convolutional neural networks for deriving standard 12-lead ECG from serial 3-lead ECG
- 2019
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Ingår i: FRONTIERS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING. - : ZHEJIANG UNIV. - 2095-9184 .- 2095-9230. ; 20:3, s. 405-413
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reconstruction of a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) from a serial 3-lead ECG has been researched in the past to satisfy the need for more wearing comfort and ambulatory situations. The accuracy and real-time performance of traditional methods need to be improved. In this study, we present a novel method based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for the synthesis of missing precordial leads. The results show that the proposed method receives better similarity and consumes less time using the PTB database. Particularly, the presented method shows outstanding performance in reconstructing the pathological ECG signal, which is crucial for cardiac diagnosis. Our CNN-based method is shown to be more accurate and time-saving for deployment in non-hospital situations to synthesize a standard 12-lead ECG from a reduced lead-set ECG recording. This is promising for real cardiac care.
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| 22. |
- Wang, Zhaoming, et al.
(författare)
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Imputation and subset-based association analysis across different cancer types identifies multiple independent risk loci in the TERT-CLPTM1L region on chromosome 5p15.33
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 23:24, s. 6616-6633
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have mapped risk alleles for at least 10 distinct cancers to a small region of 63 000 bp on chromosome 5p15.33. This region harbors the TERT and CLPTM1L genes; the former encodes the catalytic subunit of telomerase reverse transcriptase and the latter may play a role in apoptosis. To investigate further the genetic architecture of common susceptibility alleles in this region, we conducted an agnostic subset-based meta-analysis (association analysis based on subsets) across six distinct cancers in 34 248 cases and 45 036 controls. Based on sequential conditional analysis, we identified as many as six independent risk loci marked by common single-nucleotide polymorphisms: five in the TERT gene (Region 1: rs7726159, P = 2.10 × 10(-39); Region 3: rs2853677, P = 3.30 × 10(-36) and PConditional = 2.36 × 10(-8); Region 4: rs2736098, P = 3.87 × 10(-12) and PConditional = 5.19 × 10(-6), Region 5: rs13172201, P = 0.041 and PConditional = 2.04 × 10(-6); and Region 6: rs10069690, P = 7.49 × 10(-15) and PConditional = 5.35 × 10(-7)) and one in the neighboring CLPTM1L gene (Region 2: rs451360; P = 1.90 × 10(-18) and PConditional = 7.06 × 10(-16)). Between three and five cancers mapped to each independent locus with both risk-enhancing and protective effects. Allele-specific effects on DNA methylation were seen for a subset of risk loci, indicating that methylation and subsequent effects on gene expression may contribute to the biology of risk variants on 5p15.33. Our results provide strong support for extensive pleiotropy across this region of 5p15.33, to an extent not previously observed in other cancer susceptibility loci.
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| 23. |
- Xie, Xu-Qin, et al.
(författare)
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miR-124 Intensified Oxaliplatin-Based Chemotherapy by Targeting CAPN2 in Colorectal Cancer
- 2020
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Ingår i: MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS. - : CELL PRESS. - 2372-7705. ; 17, s. 320-331
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our previous study demonstrated that miR-124 was downregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) compared with normal mucosa, and the downregulated expression of miR-124 was an independent prognostic factor in CRC patients. However, the function of miR-124 in CRC patients treated with chemotherapy is currently unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the miR-124 expression and its regulative role in oxaliplatin (L-OHP)-based chemotherapy of CRC patients. We observed that low miR-124 expression was correlated with worse overall survival (OS) in the 220 patients who received postoperative chemotherapy of 5-fluorouracil [5-FU] +leucovorin+L-OHP (FOLFOX) or capecitabine+L-OHP (XELOX). miR-124 overexpression promoted L-OHP-induced, but not 5-FU-induced, cytotoxicity and apoptosis in HT29 and SW480 cells. CAPN2 was a direct target of miR124, and its protein expression was reduced by forced expression of miR-124. miR-124 inhibited tumorigenesis and promoted OS of mice bearing xenograft tumors, especially upon L-OHP treatment. miR-124 also promoted L-OHP-induced apoptosis and restrained CAPN2 protein expression in xenograft tumors. Our results suggest that miR-124 could be considered as both a predictor of L-OHP-based chemotherapy for personalized treatment and a therapeutic target for CRC.
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| 24. |
- Yu, Wenjin, et al.
(författare)
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Deep Learning-Based Classification of Cancer Cell in Leptomeningeal Metastasis on Cytomorphologic Features of Cerebrospinal Fluid
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Oncology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2234-943X. ; 12, s. 1-11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is a critical challenge to diagnose leptomeningeal metastasis (LM), given its technical difficulty and the lack of typical symptoms. The existing gold standard of diagnosing LM is to use positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology, which consumes significantly more time to classify cells under a microscope.Objective: This study aims to establish a deep learning model to classify cancer cells in CSF, thus facilitating doctors to achieve an accurate and fast diagnosis of LM in an early stage.Method: The cerebrospinal fluid laboratory of Xijing Hospital provides 53,255 cells from 90 LM patients in the research. We used two deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) models to classify cells in the CSF. A five-way cell classification model (CNN1) consists of lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, erythrocytes, and cancer cells. A four-way cancer cell classification model (CNN2) consists of lung cancer cells, gastric cancer cells, breast cancer cells, and pancreatic cancer cells. Here, the CNN models were constructed by Resnet-inception-V2. We evaluated the performance of the proposed models on two external datasets and compared them with the results from 42 doctors of various levels of experience in the human-machine tests. Furthermore, we develop a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) software to generate cytology diagnosis reports in the research rapidly.Results: With respect to the validation set, the mean average precision (mAP) of CNN1 is over 95% and that of CNN2 is close to 80%. Hence, the proposed deep learning model effectively classifies cells in CSF to facilitate the screening of cancer cells. In the human-machine tests, the accuracy of CNN1 is similar to the results from experts, with higher accuracy than doctors in other levels. Moreover, the overall accuracy of CNN2 is 10% higher than that of experts, with a time consumption of only one-third of that consumed by an expert. Using the CAD software saves 90% working time of cytologists.Conclusion: A deep learning method has been developed to assist the LM diagnosis with high accuracy and low time consumption effectively. Thanks to labeled data and step-by-step training, our proposed method can successfully classify cancer cells in the CSF to assist LM diagnosis early. In addition, this unique research can predict cancer’s primary source of LM, which relies on cytomorphologic features without immunohistochemistry. Our results show that deep learning can be widely used in medical images to classify cerebrospinal fluid cells. For complex cancer classification tasks, the accuracy of the proposed method is significantly higher than that of specialist doctors, and its performance is better than that of junior doctors and interns. The application of CNNs and CAD software may ultimately aid in expediting the diagnosis and overcoming the shortage of experienced cytologists, thereby facilitating earlier treatment and improving the prognosis of LM.
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| 25. |
- Zhang, Huai, et al.
(författare)
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A global survey on the use of the international classification of diseases codes for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Hepatology international. - 1936-0541.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the implementation of the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) and the publication of the metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) nomenclature in 2020, it is important to establish consensus for the coding of MAFLD in ICD-11. This will inform subsequent revisions of ICD-11.Using the Qualtrics XM and WJX platforms, questionnaires were sent online to MAFLD-ICD-11 coding collaborators, authors of papers, and relevant association members.A total of 890 international experts in various fields from 61 countries responded to the survey. We also achieved full coverage of provincial-level administrative regions in China. 77.1% of respondents agreed that MAFLD should be represented in ICD-11 by updating NAFLD, with no significant regional differences (77.3% in Asia and 76.6% in non-Asia, p=0.819). Over 80% of respondents agreed or somewhat agreed with the need to assign specific codes for progressive stages of MAFLD (i.e. steatohepatitis) (92.2%), MAFLD combined with comorbidities (84.1%), or MAFLD subtypes (i.e., lean, overweight/obese, and diabetic) (86.1%).This global survey by a collaborative panel of clinical, coding, health management and policy experts, indicates agreement that MAFLD should be coded in ICD-11. The data serves as a foundation for corresponding adjustments in the ICD-11 revision.
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| 26. |
- Zhou, Qiu-Jie, et al.
(författare)
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Out of chaos : Phylogenomics of Asian Sonerileae
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier. - 1055-7903 .- 1095-9513. ; 175
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sonerileae is a diverse Melastomataceae lineage comprising ca. 1000 species in 44 genera, with >70% of genera and species distributed in Asia. Asian Sonerileae are taxonomically intractable with obscure generic circumscriptions. The backbone phylogeny of this group remains poorly resolved, possibly due to complexity caused by rapid species radiation in early and middle Miocene, which hampers further systematic study. Here, we used genome resequencing data to reconstruct the phylogeny of Asian Sonerileae. Three parallel datasets, viz. singlecopy ortholog (SCO), genomic SNPs, and whole plastome, were assembled from genome resequencing data of 205 species for this purpose. Based on these genome-scale data, we provided the first well resolved phylogeny of Asian Sonerileae, with 34 major clades identified and 74% of the interclade relationships consistently resolved by both SCO and genomic data. Meanwhile, widespread phylogenetic discordance was detected among SCO gene trees as well as species trees reconstructed using different tree estimation methods (concatenation/site-based coalescent method/summary method) or different datasets (SCO/genomic/plastome). We explored sources of discordance using multiple approaches and found that the observed discordance in Asian Sonerileae was mainly caused by a combination of biased distribution of missing data, random noise from uninformative genes, incomplete lineage sorting, and hybridization/introgression. Exploration of these sources can enable us to generate hypotheses for future testing, which is the first step towards understanding the evolution of Asian Sonerileae. We also detected high levels of homoplasy for some characters traditionally used in taxonomy, which explains current chaotic generic delimitations. The backbone phylogeny of Asian Sonerileae revealed in this study offers a solid basis for future taxonomic revision at the generic level.
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| 27. |
- Zhou, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Global Biobank Meta-analysis Initiative : Powering genetic discovery across human disease
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Cell Genomics. - : Elsevier. - 2666-979X. ; 2:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biobanks facilitate genome-wide association studies (GWASs), which have mapped genomic loci across a range of human diseases and traits. However, most biobanks are primarily composed of individuals of European ancestry. We introduce the Global Biobank Meta-analysis Initiative (GBMI)-a collaborative network of 23 biobanks from 4 continents representing more than 2.2 million consented individuals with genetic data linked to electronic health records. GBMI meta-analyzes summary statistics from GWASs generated using harmonized genotypes and phenotypes from member biobanks for 14 exemplar diseases and endpoints. This strategy validates that GWASs conducted in diverse biobanks can be integrated despite heterogeneity in case definitions, recruitment strategies, and baseline characteristics. This collaborative effort improves GWAS power for diseases, benefits understudied diseases, and improves risk prediction while also enabling the nomination of disease genes and drug candidates by incorporating gene and protein expression data and providing insight into the underlying biology of human diseases and traits.
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| 28. |
- Zhou, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Mass Spectrometry and Computer Simulation Predict the Interactions of AGPS and HNRNPK in Glioma
- 2021
-
Ingår i: BioMed Research International. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 2314-6133 .- 2314-6141. ; 2021
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ether lipids are overexpressed in malignant tumor and play an important role in tumor process. Glioma is the most common malignant central nervous system tumor, and the content of ether lipids is higher than that of normal tissues. Alkylglycerone phosphate synthase (AGPS) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of ether esters and plays a vital role in maintaining the morphology and pathogenic properties of tumor cells. The cell proliferation and the content of tumor-related lipid such as monoalkylglycerol ether (MAGe), lysophosphatidic acid ether (LPAe), lysophosphatidylcholine ether (LPCe), lysophosphatidylethanolamine ether (LPEe), phosphatidyl inositol (PI), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidylserine (PS) were suppressed after AGPS silencing in U251, H4, and TJ905 cells; however, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (HNRNPK) could reverse the above phenomenon such as cellar proliferation and ether lipid secretion. We found that HNRNPK was the target protein of AGPS by coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry assay and verified by western blot assay in U251 cells. It confirmed that AGPS and HNRNPK are coexpressed in the cellular nucleus by a confocal laser microscope. The main protein-protein interaction mechanism between AGPS and HNRNPK is hydrogen bond, conjugation bond, hydrophobic bond, and electrostatic force by computer simulation prediction.
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| 29. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(författare)
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High mass exclusive diffractive dijet production in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 705:3, s. 193-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present evidence for diffractive exclusive dijet production with an invariant dijet mass greater than 100 GeV in data collected with the DO experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. A discriminant based on calorimeter information is used to measure a significant number of events with little energy (typically less than 10 GeV) outside the dijet system, consistent with the diffractive exclusive dijet production topology. The probability for these events to be explained by other dijet production processes is 2 x 10(-6), corresponding to a 4.7 standard deviation significance.
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| 30. |
- Abd Nikooie Pour, Mina, et al.
(författare)
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Results of the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative 2021
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 16th International Workshop on Ontology Matching co-located with the 20th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2021), Virtual conference, October 25, 2021. - : CEUR-WS.org. ; , s. 62-108, s. 62-108
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI) aims at comparing ontology matching systems on precisely defined test cases. These test cases can be based on ontologies of different levels of complexity and use different evaluation modalities (e.g., blind evaluation, open evaluation, or consensus).The OAEI 2021 campaign offered 13 tracks and was attended by 21 participants.This paper is an overall presentation of that campaign.
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| 31. |
- Abd Nikooie Pour, Mina, et al.
(författare)
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Results of the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative 2022
- 2022
-
Ingår i: CEUR Workshop Proceedings. - : CEUR-WS. ; , s. 84-128, s. 84-128
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI) aims at comparing ontology matching systems on precisely defined test cases. These test cases can be based on ontologies of different levels of complexity and use different evaluation modalities. The OAEI 2022 campaign offered 14 tracks and was attended by 18 participants. This paper is an overall presentation of that campaign. © 2022 Copyright for this paper by its authors.
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| 32. |
- Abd Nikooie Pour, Mina, et al.
(författare)
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Results of the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative 2023
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 18th International Workshop on Ontology Matching co-located with the 22nd International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2023), Athens, Greece, November 7, 2023.. - : CEUR Workshop Proceedings. ; , s. 97-139
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 33. |
- Abd Nikooie Pour, Mina, et al.
(författare)
-
Results of theOntology Alignment Evaluation Initiative 2020
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 15th International Workshop on Ontology Matching. - Aachen, Germany : CEUR Workshop proceedings. ; , s. 92-138
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI) aims at comparing ontology matching systems on precisely defined test cases. These test cases can be based on ontologies of different levels of complexity and use different evaluation modalities (e.g., blind evaluation, open evaluation, or consensus).The OAEI 2020 campaign offered 12 tracks with 36 test cases, and was attended by 19 participants. This paper is an overall presentation of that campaign.
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| 34. |
- Adare, A, et al.
(författare)
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Azimuthal-Angle Dependence of Charged-Pion-Interferometry Measurements with Respect to Second- and Third-Order Event Planes in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 112:22
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Charged-pion-interferometry measurements were made with respect to the second- and third-order event plane for Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV. A strong azimuthal-angle dependence of the extracted Gaussian-source radii was observed with respect to both the second- and third-order event planes. The results for the second-order dependence indicate that the initial eccentricity is reduced during the medium evolution, which is consistent with previous results. In contrast, the results for the third-order dependence indicate that the initial triangular shape is significantly reduced and potentially reversed by the end of the medium evolution, and that the third-order oscillations are largely dominated by the dynamical effects from triangular flow.
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| 35. |
- Adare, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Azimuthal anisotropy of pi(0) and eta mesons in Au plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 88:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The azimuthal anisotropy coefficients v2 and v4 of p 0 and. mesons are measured in Au + Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV as a function of transverse momentum p(T) (1-14 GeV/c) and centrality. The extracted v(2) coefficients are found to be consistent between the two meson species over the measured p(T) range. The ratio of v(4)/v(2)(2) for pi(0) mesons is found to be independent of p(T) for 1- 9 GeV/c, implying a lack of sensitivity of the ratio to the change of underlying physics with p(T). Furthermore, the ratio of v(4)/v(2)(2) is systematically larger in central collisions, which may reflect the combined effects of fluctuations in the initial collision geometry and finite viscosity in the evolving medium.
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| 36. |
- Adare, A., et al.
(författare)
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Azimuthal Anisotropy of pi(0) Production in Au plus Au Collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV: Path-Length Dependence of Jet Quenching and the Role of Initial Geometry
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 105:14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have measured the azimuthal anisotropy of pi(0) production for 1 < p(T) < 18 GeV/c for Au + Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV. The observed anisotropy shows a gradual decrease for 3 less than or similar to p(T) less than or similar to 7-10 GeV/c, but remains positive beyond 10 GeV/c. The magnitude of this anisotropy is underpredicted, up to at least similar to 10 GeV/c, by current perturbative QCD (PQCD) energy-loss model calculations. An estimate of the increase in anisotropy expected from initial-geometry modification due to gluon saturation effects and fluctuations is insufficient to account for this discrepancy. Calculations that implement a path-length dependence steeper than what is implied by current PQCD energy-loss models show reasonable agreement with the data.
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| 37. |
- Adare, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Azimuthal correlations of electrons from heavy-flavor decay with hadrons in p plus p and Au plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 83:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurements of electrons from the decay of open-heavy-flavor mesons have shown that the yields are suppressed in Au+Au collisions compared to expectations from binary-scaled p+p collisions. These measurements indicate that charm and bottom quarks interact with the hot dense matter produced in heavy-ion collisions much more than expected. Here we extend these studies to two-particle correlations where one particle is an electron from the decay of a heavy-flavor meson and the other is a charged hadron from either the decay of the heavy meson or from jet fragmentation. These measurements provide more detailed information about the interactions between heavy quarks and the matter, such as whether the modification of the away-side-jet shape seen in hadron-hadron correlations is present when the trigger particle is from heavy-meson decay and whether the overall level of away-side-jet suppression is consistent. We statistically subtract correlations of electrons arising from background sources from the inclusive electron-hadron correlations and obtain two-particle azimuthal correlations at root s(NN) = 200 GeV between electrons from heavy-flavor decay with charged hadrons in p+p and also first results in Au+Au collisions. We find the away-side-jet shape and yield to be modified in Au+Au collisions compared to p+p collisions.
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| 38. |
- Adare, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Centrality categorization Rp(d)+A in high-energy collisions
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 90:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-energy proton- and deuteron-nucleus collisions provide an excellent tool for studying a wide array of physics effects, including modifications of parton distribution functions in nuclei, gluon saturation, and color neutralization and hadronization in a nuclear environment, among others. All of these effects are expected to have a significant dependence on the size of the nuclear target and the impact parameter of the collision, also known as the collision centrality. In this article, we detail a method for determining centrality classes in p(d) + A collisions via cuts on the multiplicity at backward rapidity (i.e., the nucleus-going direction) and for determining systematic uncertainties in this procedure. For d + Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV we find that the connection to geometry is confirmed by measuring the fraction of events in which a neutron from the deuteron does not interact with the nucleus. As an application, we consider the nuclear modification factors Rp(d)+A, for which there is a bias in the measured centrality-dependent yields owing to auto correlations between the process of interest and the backward-rapidity multiplicity. We determine the bias-correction factors within this framework. This method is further tested using the HIJING Monte Carlo generator. We find that for d + Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV, these bias corrections are small and vary by less than 5% (10%) up to p(T) = 10 (20) GeV/c. In contrast, for p + Pb collisions at v root s(NN) = 5.02 TeV we find that these bias factors are an order of magnitude larger and strongly pT dependent, likely attributable to the larger effect of multiparton interactions.
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| 39. |
- Adare, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Centrality dependence of low-momentum direct-photon production in Au plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 91:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PHENIX experiment at RHIC has measured the centrality dependence of the direct photon yield from Au + Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV down to pT = 0.4 GeV/c. Photons are detected via photon conversions to e(+)e(-) pairs and an improved technique is applied that minimizes the systematic uncertainties that usually limit direct photon measurements, in particular at low pT. We find an excess of direct photons above the N-coll-scaled yield measured in p + p collisions. This excess yield is well described by an exponential distribution with an inverse slope of about 240 MeV/c in the pT range 0.6-2.0 GeV/c. While the shape of the pT distribution is independent of centrality within the experimental uncertainties, the yield increases rapidly with increasing centrality, scaling approximately with N-part(alpha), where alpha = 1.38 +/- 0.03(stat) +/- 0.07(syst).
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| 40. |
- Adare, A., et al.
(författare)
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Charged hadron multiplicity fluctuations in Au plus Au and Cu plus Cu collisions from s(NN)=22.5 to 200 GeV
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 78:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A comprehensive survey of event-by-event fluctuations of charged hadron multiplicity in relativistic heavy ions is presented. The survey covers Au+Au collisions at s(NN)=62.4 and 200 GeV, and Cu+Cu collisions at s(NN)=22.5,62.4, and 200 GeV. Fluctuations are measured as a function of collision centrality, transverse momentum range, and charge sign. After correcting for nondynamical fluctuations due to fluctuations in the collision geometry within a centrality bin, the remaining dynamical fluctuations expressed as the variance normalized by the mean tend to decrease with increasing centrality. The dynamical fluctuations are consistent with or below the expectation from a superposition of participant nucleon-nucleon collisions based upon p+p data, indicating that this dataset does not exhibit evidence of critical behavior in terms of the compressibility of the system. A comparison of the data with a model where hadrons are independently emitted from a number of hadron clusters suggests that the mean number of hadrons per cluster is small in heavy ion collisions.
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| 41. |
- Adare, A., et al.
(författare)
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Charged-pion cross sections and double-helicity asymmetries in polarized p plus p collisions at root s=200 GeV
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Physical Review D (Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology). - 1550-2368. ; 91:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present midrapidity charged-pion invariant cross sections, the ratio of the pi(-) to pi(+) cross sections and the charge-separated double-spin asymmetries in polarized p + p collisions at root s = p + 200 GeV. While the cross section measurements are consistent within the errors of next-to-leading-order (NLO) perturbative quantum chromodynamics predictions (pQCD), the same calculations overestimate the ratio of the charged-pion cross sections. This discrepancy arises from the cancellation of the substantial systematic errors associated with the NLO-pQCD predictions in the ratio and highlights the constraints these data will place on flavor-dependent pion fragmentation functions. The charge-separated pion asymmetries presented here sample an x range of similar to 0.03-0.16 and provide unique information on the sign of the gluon-helicity distribution.
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| 42. |
- Adare, A., et al.
(författare)
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Cold-Nuclear-Matter Effects on Heavy-Quark Production at Forward and Backward Rapidity in d + Au Collisions at root s(NN) = GeV
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 112:25
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PHENIX experiment has measured open heavy-flavor production via semileptonic decay over the transverse momentum range 1 < p(T) < 6 GeV/c at forward and backward rapidity (1.4 < vertical bar y vertical bar < 2.0) in d + Au and p + p collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV. In central d + Au collisions, relative to the yield in p + p collisions scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions, a suppression is observed at forward rapidity (in the d-going direction) and an enhancement at backward rapidity (in the Au-going direction). Predictions using nuclear-modified-parton-distribution functions, even with additional nuclear-p(T) broadening, cannot simultaneously reproduce the data at both rapidity ranges, which implies that these models are incomplete and suggests the possible importance of final-state interactions in the asymmetric d + Au collision system. These results can be used to probe cold-nuclear-matter effects, which may significantly affect heavy-quark production, in addition to helping constrain the magnitude of charmonia-breakup effects in nuclear matter.
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| 43. |
- Adare, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Cold-Nuclear-Matter Effects on Heavy-Quark Production in d+Au Collisions at root S-NN=200 GeV
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 109:24
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PHENIX experiment has measured electrons and positrons at midrapidity from the decays of hadrons containing charm and bottom quarks produced in d + Au and p + p collisions at root S-NN = 200 GeV in the transverse-momentum range 0.85 <= p(T)(e) <= 8.5 GeV/c. In central d + Au collisions, the nuclear modification factor R-dA at 1.5 < p(T) < 5 GeV/c displays evidence of enhancement of these electrons, relative to those produced in p + p collisions, and shows that the mass-dependent Cronin enhancement observed at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider extends to the heavy D meson family. A comparison with the neutral-pion data suggests that the difference in cold-nuclear-matter effects on light- and heavy-flavor mesons could contribute to the observed differences between the pi(0) and heavy-flavor-electron nuclear modification factors R-AA. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.242301
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| 44. |
- Adare, A., et al.
(författare)
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Cold nuclear matter effects on J/psi production as constrained by deuteron-gold measurements at root S-NN=200 GeV
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 77:2, s. 15-024912
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a new analysis of J/psi production yields in deuteron-gold collisions at root s(NN) =200 GeV using data taken from the PHENIX experiment in 2003 and previously published in S. S. Adler [Phys. Rev. Lett 96, 012304 (2006)]. The high statistics proton-proton J/psi data taken in 2005 are used to improve the baseline measurement and thus construct updated cold nuclear matter modification factors (R-dAu). A suppression of J/psi in cold nuclear matter is observed as one goes forward in rapidity (in the deuteron-going direction), corresponding to a region more sensitive to initial-state low-x gluons in the gold nucleus. The measured nuclear modification factors are compared to theoretical calculations of nuclear shadowing to which a J/psi (or precursor) breakup cross section is added. Breakup cross sections of sigma(breakup)=2.8(-1.4)(+1.7) (2.2(-1.5)(+1.6)) mb are obtained by fitting these calculations to the data using two different models of nuclear shadowing. These breakup cross-section values are consistent within large uncertainties with the 4.2 +/- 0.5 mb determined at lower collision energies. Projecting this range of cold nuclear matter effects to copper-copper and gold-gold collisions reveals that the current constraints are not sufficient to firmly quantify the additional hot nuclear matter effect.
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| 45. |
- Adare, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Cold Nuclear Matter Effects on J/psi Yields as a Function of Rapidity and Nuclear Geometry in d plus A Collisions at root S-NN=200 GeV
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 107:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present measurements of J/psi yields in d + Au collisions at root S-NN = 200 GeV recorded by the PHENIX experiment and compare them with yields in p + p collisions at the same energy per nucleon-nucleon collision. The measurements cover a large kinematic range in J/psi rapidity (-2.2 < y < 2.4) with high statistical precision and are compared with two theoretical models: one with nuclear shadowing combined with final state breakup and one with coherent gluon saturation effects. In order to remove model dependent systematic uncertainties we also compare the data to a simple geometric model. The forward rapidity data are inconsistent with nuclear modifications that are linear or exponential in the density weighted longitudinal thickness, such as those from the final state breakup of the bound state.
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| 46. |
- Adare, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Correlated production of p and (p)over-bar in Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 649:5-6, s. 359-369
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Correlations between p and (p) over bar at transverse momenta typical of enhanced baryon production in Au + Au collisions are reported. The PHENIX experiment has measured same and opposite sign baryon pairs in Au + Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV. Correlated production of p and p with the trigger particle from the range 2.5 < p(T) < 4.0 GeV/c and the associated particle with 1.8 < p(T) < 2.5 GeV/c is observed to be nearly independent of the centrality of the collisions. Same sign pairs show no correlation at any centrality. The conditional yield of mesons triggered by baryons (and anti-baryons) and mesons in the same p(T) range rises with increasing centrality, except for the most central collisions, where baryons show a significantly smaller number of associated mesons. These data are consistent with a picture in which hard scattered partons produce correlated p and (p) over bar in the p(T) region of the baryon excess. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 47. |
- Adare, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Cross section and double helicity asymmetry for eta mesons and their comparison to pi(0) production in p plus p collisions at root s=200 GeV
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Physical Review D (Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology). - 1550-2368. ; 83:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurements of double-helicity asymmetries in inclusive hadron production in polarized p + p collisions are sensitive to helicity-dependent parton distribution functions, in particular, to the gluon helicity distribution, Delta g. This study focuses on the extraction of the double-helicity asymmetry in eta production ((p) over right arrow + (p) over right arrow -> eta + X), the eta cross section, and the eta/pi(0) cross section ratio. The cross section and ratio measurements provide essential input for the extraction of fragmentation functions that are needed to access the helicity-dependent parton distribution functions.
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| 48. |
- Adare, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Cross Section and Parity-Violating Spin Asymmetries of W-+/- Boson Production in Polarized p plus p Collisions at root s=500 Gev
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 106:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large parity-violating longitudinal single-spin asymmetries A(L)(e+) = 0.86(-0.14)(+0.30) and Ae(L)(e-) = 0.88(-0.71)(+0.12) are observed for inclusive high transverse momentum electrons and positrons in polarized p + p collisions at a center-of-mass energy of root s = 500 GeV with the PHENIX detector at RHIC. These e(+/-) come mainly from the decay of W-+/- and Z(0) bosons, and their asymmetries directly demonstrate parity violation in the couplings of the W-+/- to the light quarks. The observed electron and positron yields were used to estimate W-+/- boson production cross sections for the e(+/-) channels of sigma(pp -> W+X) X BR(W+ -> e(+) nu(e)) = 144.1 +/- 21.2(stat)(-10.3)(+3.4)(syst) +/- 21.6(norm) pb, and sigma(pp -> W-X) X BR(W- -> e(-) (nu) over bar (e)) = 3.17 +/- 12.1(stat)(-8.2)(+10.1)(syst) +/- 4.8(norm) pb.
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| 49. |
- Adare, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Cross section and transverse single-spin asymmetry of eta mesons in p up arrow plus p collisions at root s=200 GeV at forward rapidity
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Physical Review D (Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology). - 1550-2368. ; 90:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a measurement of the cross section and transverse single-spin asymmetry (AN) for. mesons at large pseudorapidity from root s = 200 GeV p up arrow + p collisions. The measured cross section for 0.5 < p(T) < 5.0 GeV/c and 3.0 < vertical bar eta vertical bar < 3.8 is well described by a next-to-leading-order perturbative-quantum-chromodynamics calculation. The asymmetries A(N) have been measured as a function of Feynman-x (x(F)) from 0.2 < vertical bar x(F)vertical bar < 0.7, as well as transverse momentum (p(T)) from 1.0 < p(T) < 4.5 GeV/c. The asymmetry averaged over positive x(F) is < A(N)> = 0.061 +/- 0.014. The results are consistent with prior transverse single-spin measurements of forward eta and pi(0) mesons at various energies in overlapping x(F) ranges. Comparison of different particle species can help to determine the origin of the large observed asymmetries in p up arrow + p collisions.
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| 50. |
- Adare, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Cross section for b(b)over-bar production via dielectrons in d plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 91:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report a measurement of e(+)e(-) pairs from semileptonic heavy-flavor decays in d + Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV. By exploring the mass and transverse-momentum dependence of the yield, the bottom decay contribution can be isolated from charm, and quantified by comparison to PYTHIA and MC@NLO simulations. The resulting b (b) over bar -production cross section is sigma(dAu)(b (b) over bar) = 1.37 +/- 0.28 (stat) +/- 0.46 (syst) mb, which is equivalent to a nucleon-nucleon cross section of sigma(NN)(b (b) over bar) = 3.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 1.1 ( syst) mu b.
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