| 1. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 2. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Cheng, Shi-Ping, et al.
(författare)
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Haplotype-resolved genome assembly and allele-specific gene expression in cultivated ginger
- 2021
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Ingår i: Horticulture Research. - : Springer Nature. - 2052-7276. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the most valued spice plants worldwide; it is prized for its culinary and folk medicinal applications and is therefore of high economic and cultural importance. Here, we present a haplotype-resolved, chromosome-scale assembly for diploid ginger anchored to 11 pseudochromosome pairs with a total length of 3.1 Gb. Remarkable structural variation was identified between haplotypes, and two inversions larger than 15 Mb on chromosome 4 may be associated with ginger infertility. We performed a comprehensive, spatiotemporal, genome-wide analysis of allelic expression patterns, revealing that most alleles are coordinately expressed. The alleles that exhibited the largest differences in expression showed closer proximity to transposable elements, greater coding sequence divergence, more relaxed selection pressure, and more transcription factor binding site differences. We also predicted the transcription factors potentially regulating 6-gingerol biosynthesis. Our allele-aware assembly provides a powerful platform for future functional genomics, molecular breeding, and genome editing in ginger.
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| 4. |
- Cong, X., et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of fire protection performance and mechanical properties of thin-ply bio-epoxy composites
- 2021
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Ingår i: Polymers. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4360. ; 13:5, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hybrid composites composed of bio-based thin-ply carbon fibre prepreg and flame-retardant mats (E20MI) have been produced to investigate the effects of laminate design on their fire protection performance and mechanical properties. These flame-retardant mats rely primarily on expandable graphite, mineral wool and glass fibre to generate a thermal barrier that releases incom-bustible gasses and protects the underlying material. A flame retardant (FR) mat is incorporated into the carbon fibre bio-based polymeric laminate and the relationship between the fire protection properties and mechanical properties is investigated. Hybrid composite laminates containing FR mats either at the exterior surfaces or embedded 2-plies deep have been tested by the limited oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test and cone calorimetry. The addition of the surface or embedded E20MI flame retardant mats resulted in an improvement from a base line of 33.1% to 47.5% and 45.8%, respectively. All laminates passed the vertical burning test standard of FAR 25.853. Cone calorimeter data revealed an increase in the time to ignition (TTI) for the hybrid composites containing the FR mat, while the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (TTR) were greatly reduced. Furthermore, the maximum average rate of heat emission (MARHE) values indicated that both composites with flame retardant mats had achieved the requirements of EN 45545-2. However, the tensile strengths of laminates with surface or embedded flame-retardant mats were reduced from 1215.94 MPa to 885.92 MPa and 975.48 MPa, respectively. Similarly, the bending strength was reduced from 836.41 MPa to 767.03 MPa and 811.36 MPa, respectively. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Dries, Daniel R., et al.
(författare)
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Loss of Nicastrin from Oligodendrocytes Results in Hypomyelination and Schizophrenia with Compulsive Behavior
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 291:22, s. 11647-11656
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The biological underpinnings and the pathological lesions of psychiatric disorders are centuries-old questions that have yet to be understood. Recent studies suggest that schizophrenia and related disorders likely have their origins in perturbed neurodevelopment and can result from a large number of common genetic variants or multiple, individually rare genetic alterations. It is thus conceivable that key neurodevelopmental pathways underline the various genetic changes and the still unknown pathological lesions in schizophrenia. Here, we report that mice defective of the nicastrin subunit of gamma-secretase in oligodendrocytes have hypomyelination in the central nervous system. These mice have altered dopamine signaling and display profound abnormal phenotypes reminiscent of schizophrenia. In addition, we identify an association of the nicastrin gene with a human schizophrenia cohort. These observations implicate gamma-secretase and its mediated neurodevelopmental pathways in schizophrenia and provide support for the "myelination hypothesis" of the disease. Moreover, by showing that schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive symptoms could be modeled in animals wherein a single genetic factor is altered, our work provides a biological basis that schizophrenia with obsessive-compulsive disorder is a distinct subtype of schizophrenia.
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| 7. |
- Du, Qian, et al.
(författare)
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Porcine circovirus type 2 infection promotes the SUMOylation of nucleophosmin-1 to facilitate the viral circular single-stranded DNA replication
- 2024
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Ingår i: PLoS Pathogens. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7366 .- 1553-7374. ; 20:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanism of genome DNA replication in circular single-stranded DNA viruses is currently a mystery, except for the fact that it undergoes rolling-circle replication. Herein, we identified SUMOylated porcine nucleophosmin-1 (pNPM1), which is previously reported to be an interacting protein of the viral capsid protein, as a key regulator that promotes the genome DNA replication of porcine single-stranded DNA circovirus. Upon porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection, SUMO2/3 were recruited and conjugated with the K263 site of pNPM1's C-terminal domain to SUMOylate pNPM1, subsequently, the SUMOylated pNPM1 were translocated in nucleoli to promote the replication of PCV2 genome DNA. The mutation of the K263 site reduced the SUMOylation levels of pNPM1 and the nucleolar localization of pNPM1, resulting in a decrease in the level of PCV2 DNA replication. Meanwhile, the mutation of the K263 site prevented the interaction of pNPM1 with PCV2 DNA, but not the interaction of pNPM1 with PCV2 Cap. Mechanistically, PCV2 infection increased the expression levels of Ubc9, the only E2 enzyme involved in SUMOylation, through the Cap-mediated activation of ERK signaling. The upregulation of Ubc9 promoted the interaction between pNPM1 and TRIM24, a potential E3 ligase for SUMOylation, thereby facilitating the SUMOylation of pNPM1. The inhibition of ERK activation could significantly reduce the SUMOylation levels and the nucleolar localization of pNPM1, as well as the PCV2 DNA replication levels. These results provide new insights into the mechanism of circular single-stranded DNA virus replication and highlight NPM1 as a potential target for inhibiting PCV2 replication. Different types of DNA viruses employ different mechanisms to replicate their genome DNA. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the most representative circular single-stranded DNA virus that harms the pig industry all over the world. In this study, we found that the PCV2 Cap interacting protein pNPM1 also interacts with PCV2 DNA in a SUMOylated form to promote PCV2 DNA replication. The SUMOylation of pNPM1 at the conserved K263 site is critical for the interaction of pNPM1 with PCV2 DNA and the replication of PCV2 DNA. Furthermore, we found that PCV2 infection promotes the SUMO2/3 mediated SUMOylation of pNPM1, while does not significantly alter the expression level of pNPM1. PCV2 Cap is the major component that promotes pNPM1 SUMOylation by activating ERK/Ubc9/TRIM24 signalings. These results contribute to a better understanding of the replication mechanism of circular single-stranded DNA viruses, particularly PCV2.
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| 8. |
- Fa, Wenxin, et al.
(författare)
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Associations of Blood Absolute Neutrophil Count and Cytokines With Cognitive Function in Dementia-Free Participants : A Population-Based Cohort Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. - 1079-5006 .- 1758-535X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The relationships of neutrophils and cytokines with cognitive dysfunction are poorly defined. We aimed to investigate the association of peripheral blood absolute neutrophil count (ANC) with cognitive function in older adults and to further explore the mediating role of serum cytokines in this association.Methods: This population-based cohort study included 1 666 dementia-free participants (age ≥60 years) derived from baseline examinations (March–September 2018) of the Multimodal Intervention to Delay Dementia and Disability in Rural China (MIND-China); of these, 1 087 participants completed follow-up examinations in October–December 2019. We used a neuropsychological test battery to assess episodic memory, verbal fluency, attention, and executive function at the baseline and follow-up examinations. We used Mindray BC-6800 automated hematology analyzer to measure ANC and Meso Scale Discovery to measure serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and eotaxin-3.Results: The linear regression analysis of cross-sectional data at baseline (n = 1 666) suggested that increased ANC was significantly associated with a lower episodic memory z score (β coefficient: −0.149, 95% CI: −0.274 to −0.023) and lower long-delayed free recall z score (−0.216, −0.361 to −0.070). Serum IL-6 and eotaxin-3 could mediate 16.16% to 20.21% and 7.55% to 9.35%, respectively, of these associations. The analysis of longitudinal data (n = 1 087) showed a J-shaped relationship of ANC with decline in episodic memory z score (p for nonlinear = .049), and a U-shaped relationship between ANC and decline in long-delayed free recall z score (p for nonlinear = .043).Conclusions: Increased neutrophils are associated with poor cognitive performance and accelerated decline in episodic memory, and the cross-sectional association is partly mediated by serum cytokines.
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| 9. |
- Fan, Qunping, et al.
(författare)
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10.13% Efficiency All-Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by Improving the Optical Absorption of Polymer Acceptors
- 2020
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Ingår i: Solar RRL. - : Wiley. - 2367-198X. ; 4:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The limited light absorption capacity for most polymer acceptors hinders the improvement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs). Herein, by simultaneously increasing the conjugation of the acceptor unit and enhancing the electron-donating ability of the donor unit, a novel narrow-bandgap polymer acceptor PF3-DTCO based on an A–D–A-structured acceptor unit ITIC16 and a carbon–oxygen (C–O)-bridged donor unit DTCO is developed. The extended conjugation of the acceptor units from IDIC16 to ITIC16 results in a red-shifted absorption spectrum and improved absorption coefficient without significant reduction of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level. Moreover, in addition to further broadening the absorption spectrum by the enhanced intramolecular charge transfer effect, the introduction of C–O bridges into the donor unit improves the absorption coefficient and electron mobility, as well as optimizes the morphology and molecular order of active layers. As a result, the PF3-DTCO achieves a higher PCE of 10.13% with a higher short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 15.75 mA cm−2 in all-PSCs compared with its original polymer acceptor PF2-DTC (PCE = 8.95% and Jsc = 13.82 mA cm−2). Herein, a promising method is provided to construct high-performance polymer acceptors with excellent optical absorption for efficient all-PSCs.
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| 10. |
- Graham, Jesse R., et al.
(författare)
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The pipeline project: Pre-publication independent replications of a single laboratory's research pipeline
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. - : Elsevier. - 1096-0465 .- 0022-1031. ; 66, s. 55-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This crowdsourced project introduces a collaborative approach to improving the reproducibility of scientific research, in which findings are replicated in qualified independent laboratories before (rather than after) they are published. Our goal is to establish a non-adversarial replication process with highly informative final results. To illustrate the Pre-Publication Independent Replication (PPIR) approach, 25 research groups conducted replications of all ten moral judgment effects which the last author and his collaborators had “in the pipeline” as of August 2014. Six findings replicated according to all replication criteria, one finding replicated but with a significantly smaller effect size than the original, one finding replicated consistently in the original culture but not outside of it, and two findings failed to find support. In total, 40% of the original findings failed at least one major replication criterion. Potential ways to implement and incentivize pre-publication independent replication on a large scale are discussed.
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| 11. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Sixth Visual Object Tracking VOT2018 Challenge Results
- 2019
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Ingår i: Computer Vision – ECCV 2018 Workshops. - Cham : Springer Publishing Company. - 9783030110086 - 9783030110093 ; , s. 3-53
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2018 is the sixth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of over eighty trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis and a “real-time” experiment simulating a situation where a tracker processes images as if provided by a continuously running sensor. A long-term tracking subchallenge has been introduced to the set of standard VOT sub-challenges. The new subchallenge focuses on long-term tracking properties, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. A new dataset has been compiled and a performance evaluation methodology that focuses on long-term tracking capabilities has been adopted. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term and the new long-term tracking subchallenges. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website (http://votchallenge.net).
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| 12. |
- Liu, Jia, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of modulations of mental fatigue on intra-individual variability from single-trial event related potentials
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuroscience Methods. - 0165-0270. ; 406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Intra-individual variability (IIV), a measure of variance within an individual's performance, has been demonstrated as metrics of brain responses for neural functionality. However, how mental fatigue modulates IIV remains unclear. Consequently, the development of robust mental fatigue detection methods at the single-trial level is challenging. New methods: Based on a long-duration flanker task EEG dataset, the modulations of mental fatigue on IIV were explored in terms of response time (RT) and trial-to-trial latency variations of event-related potentials (ERPs). Specifically, latency variations were quantified using residue iteration decomposition (RIDE) to reconstruct latency-corrected ERPs. We compared reconstructed ERPs with raw ERPs by means of temporal principal component analysis (PCA). Furthermore, a single-trial classification pipeline was developed to detect the changes of mental fatigue levels. Results: We found an increased IIV in the RT metric in the fatigue state compared to the alert state. The same sequence of ERPs (N1, P2, N2, P3a, P3b, and slow wave, or SW) was separated from both raw and reconstructed ERPs using PCA, whereas differences between raw and reconstructed ERPs in explained variances for separated ERPs were found owing to IIV. Particularly, a stronger N2 was detected in the fatigue than alert state after RIDE. The single-trial fatigue detection pipeline yielded an acceptable accuracy of 73.3%. Comparison with existing methods: The IIV has been linked to aging and brain disorders, and as an extension, our finding demonstrates IIV as an efficient indicator of mental fatigue. Conclusions: This study reveals significant modulations of mental fatigue on IIV at the behavioral and neural levels and establishes a robust mental fatigue detection pipeline.
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| 13. |
- Liu, Jia, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of modulations of mental fatigue on intra-individual variability from single-trial event related potentials
- 2024
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS. - 0165-0270 .- 1872-678X. ; 406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Intra-individual variability (IIV), a measure of variance within an individual's performance, has been demonstrated as metrics of brain responses for neural functionality. However, how mental fatigue modulates IIV remains unclear. Consequently, the development of robust mental fatigue detection methods at the single-trial level is challenging. New methods: Based on a long-duration flanker task EEG dataset, the modulations of mental fatigue on IIV were explored in terms of response time (RT) and trial-to-trial latency variations of event-related potentials (ERPs). Specifically, latency variations were quantified using residue iteration decomposition (RIDE) to reconstruct latency-corrected ERPs. We compared reconstructed ERPs with raw ERPs by means of temporal principal component analysis (PCA). Furthermore, a single-trial classification pipeline was developed to detect the changes of mental fatigue levels. Results: We found an increased IIV in the RT metric in the fatigue state compared to the alert state. The same sequence of ERPs (N1, P2, N2, P3a, P3b, and slow wave, or SW) was separated from both raw and reconstructed ERPs using PCA, whereas differences between raw and reconstructed ERPs in explained variances for separated ERPs were found owing to IIV. Particularly, a stronger N2 was detected in the fatigue than alert state after RIDE. The single-trial fatigue detection pipeline yielded an acceptable accuracy of 73.3%. Comparison with existing methods: The IIV has been linked to aging and brain disorders, and as an extension, our finding demonstrates IIV as an efficient indicator of mental fatigue. Conclusions: This study reveals significant modulations of mental fatigue on IIV at the behavioral and neural levels and establishes a robust mental fatigue detection pipeline.
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| 14. |
- Liu, Jia, et al.
(författare)
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Reconfiguration of cognitive control networks during a long-duration flanker task
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems. - 2379-8920. ; , s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Continuous task engagement generally leads to vigilance decrement and deteriorates task performance. However, how conflict effect is modulated by vigilance decrement has no consistent evidence, and little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms. Here we adopted an electroencephalogram dataset collected during a prolonged flanker task to examine the interactions between vigilance and congruency on behavioral performance and neural measures. Specifically, we extracted a sequence of ERPs using temporal principal component analysis (PCA) and performed functional network analysis with graph measures. Behavioral analysis results showed that behavioral performance deteriorated due to vigilance decrement, but the capability of conflict processing was maintained over time. Regarding the neural analysis results, the conflict effect reflected in P3a and P3b was changed and maintained respectively when affected by vigilance decrement. The theta band frontoparietal network was observed in the face of conflicting interference and the conflict effect for graph measures disappeared over time. These results demonstrated deteriorated task performance, impaired cognitive functions, and the reconfiguration of cognitive control networks during a prolonged flanker task. Our findings also support the evidence that temporal PCA and event-related network analysis might be efficient for the investigation of the neural dynamics of complex cognitive processes.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Tian, Na, et al.
(författare)
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Association of Triglyceride-Glucose Index With Cognitive Function and Brain Atrophy : A Population-Based Study
- 2024
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Ingår i: The American journal of geriatric psychiatry. - 1064-7481 .- 1545-7214. ; 32:2, s. 151-162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the associations of triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a reliable surrogate marker for insulin resistance, with the function of various cognitive domains and brain structures among older adults.Design: A population-based cross-sectional study.Setting: Older adults living in the rural communities in China.Participants: About 4,541 rural-dwelling dementia-free participants (age ≥65 years; 56.37% women) undertook examinations in March–September 2018 for MIND-China.Measurements: TyG index was calculated as ln[fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. A neuropsychological test battery was used to assess memory, attention, verbal fluency, and executive function. Volumetric brain measures were assessed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a subsample (n = 1,019). Data were analyzed with restricted cubic spline and multivariable general linear models.Results: An inverted J-shaped association was observed between TyG index and z-scores of multiple cognitive domains, such that among individuals with TyG index ≥8.57 (median), a higher TyG index was significantly associated with lower z-scores of memory, attention, verbal fluency, executive function, and global cognition (all p < 0.05); among people with TyG index <8.57, a higher TyG index was significantly associated with a higher executive function z-score (p < 0.05), but not with any of the other examined cognitive domains. In the MRI subsample, a higher TyG index was significantly associated with lower volumes of total brain tissue, gray matter, and white matter as well as greater cerebrospinal fluid volume (p < 0.05), but not with white matter hyperintensity volume.Conclusions: Insulin resistance, as indicated by a high TyG index, was associated with poor function in multiple cognitive domains and global brain atrophy.
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| 17. |
- Tyrovolas,, Stefanos, et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national burden of diseases and injuries for adults 70 years and older : systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study.
- 2022
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Ingår i: The BMJ. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1756-1833. ; 376
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To use data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) to estimate mortality and disability trends for the population aged ≥70 and evaluate patterns in causes of death, disability, and risk factors.DESIGN: Systematic analysis.SETTING: Participants were aged ≥70 from 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019.MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Years of life lost, years lived with disability, disability adjusted life years, life expectancy at age 70 (LE-70), healthy life expectancy at age 70 (HALE-70), proportion of years in ill health at age 70 (PYIH-70), risk factors, and data coverage index were estimated based on standardised GBD methods.RESULTS: Globally the population of older adults has increased since 1990 and all cause death rates have decreased for men and women. However, mortality rates due to falls increased between 1990 and 2019. The probability of death among people aged 70-90 decreased, mainly because of reductions in non-communicable diseases. Globally disability burden was largely driven by functional decline, vision and hearing loss, and symptoms of pain. LE-70 and HALE-70 showed continuous increases since 1990 globally, with certain regional disparities. Globally higher LE-70 resulted in higher HALE-70 and slightly increased PYIH-70. Sociodemographic and healthcare access and quality indices were positively correlated with HALE-70 and LE-70. For high exposure risk factors, data coverage was moderate, while limited data were available for various dietary, environmental or occupational, and metabolic risks.CONCLUSIONS: Life expectancy at age 70 has continued to rise globally, mostly because of decreases in chronic diseases. Adults aged ≥70 living in high income countries and regions with better healthcare access and quality were found to experience the highest life expectancy and healthy life expectancy. Disability burden, however, remained constant, suggesting the need to enhance public health and intervention programmes to improve wellbeing among older adults.
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| 18. |
- Wang, Cong, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibition of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling promotes epithelial differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and repairs bleomycin-induced lung injury
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 0363-6143 .- 1522-1563. ; 307:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive lung disorder of unknown etiology. Previous studies have shown that aberrant activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling cascade occurs in lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Given the important roles of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in the development of pulmonary fibrosis, we targeted this pathway for the intervention of pulmonary fibrosis with XAV939, a small molecule that specifically inhibits Tankyrase 1/2, eventually leading to the degradation of beta-catenin and suppression of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Our results demonstrated that XAV939 significantly inhibited the activation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and attenuated bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice, and thus improved the survival of mice with lung injury. Interestingly, previous investigations have confirmed that endogenous and exogenous mesenchymal stem cells could be recruited to the injured lung, although the exact effects of these cells are debatable. To determine the effect of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in the epithelial differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), we established a coculture system that contains BM-MSCs and alveolar type II epithelial cells. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that XAV939 could promote the differentiation of BM-MSCs into an epithelium-like phenotype in the coculture system. We also found that XAV939 could inhibit the proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation of NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. This work supports that inhibition of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway may be exploited for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis for which effective treatment strategies are still lacking.
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| 19. |
- Wang, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Green Synthesis of Lactone-Based Conjugated Polymers for n-Type Organic Electrochemical Transistors
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : Wiley. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 32:16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As new and better materials are implemented for organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), it becomes increasingly important to adopt more economic and environmentally friendly synthesis pathways with respect to conventional transition-metal-catalyzed polymerizations. Herein, a series of novel n-type donor–acceptor-conjugated polymers based on glycolated lactone and bis-isatin units are reported. All the polymers are synthesized via green and metal-free aldol polymerization. The strong electron-deficient lactone-building blocks provide low-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and the rigid backbone needed for efficient electron mobility up to 0.07 cm2 V−1 s−1. Instead, polar atoms in the backbone and ethylene glycol side chains contribute to the ionic conductivity. The resulting OECTs exhibit a normalized maximum transconductance gm,norm of 0.8 S cm−1 and a μC* of 6.7 F cm−1 V−1 s−1. Data on the microstructure show that such device performance originates from a unique porous morphology together with a highly disordered amorphous microstructure, leading to efficient ion-to-electron coupling. Overall, the design strategy provides an inexpensive and metal-free polymerization route for high-performing n-type OECTs.
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| 20. |
- Wang, Yazhou, et al.
(författare)
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n-Type Organic Electrochemical Transistors with High Transconductance and Stability
- 2023
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Ingår i: Chemistry of Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0897-4756 .- 1520-5002. ; 35:2, s. 405-415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An n-type conjugated polymer based on diazaisoindigo (AIID) and fluorinated thiophene units is introduced. Combining the strong electron-accepting properties of AIID with backbone fluorination produced gAIID-2FT, leading to organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) with normalized values of 4.09 F cm-1 V-1 s-1 and a normalized transconductance (gm,norm) of 0.94 S cm-1. The resulting OECTs exhibit exceptional operational stability and long shelf-life in ambient conditions, preserving 100% of the original maximum drain current after over 3 h of continuous operation and 28 days of storage in the air. Our work highlights the advantages of integrating strong electron acceptors with donor fluorination to boost the performance and stability of n-type OECTs.
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| 21. |
- Washburn, Anthony N., et al.
(författare)
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Data from a pre-publication independent replication initiative examining ten moral judgement effects
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Nature Research (part of Springer Nature): Fully open access journals / Nature Publishing Group. - 2052-4463. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the data from a crowdsourced project seeking to replicate findings in independent laboratories before (rather than after) they are published. In this Pre-Publication Independent Replication (PPIR) initiative, 25 research groups attempted to replicate 10 moral judgment effects from a single laboratory's research pipeline of unpublished findings. The 10 effects were investigated using online/lab surveys containing psychological manipulations (vignettes) followed by questionnaires.
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| 22. |
- Yue, Siyao, et al.
(författare)
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Brown carbon from biomass burning imposes strong circum-Arctic warming
- 2022
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Ingår i: ONE EARTH. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 5:3, s. 293-304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rapid warming in the Arctic has a huge impact on the global environment. Atmospheric brown carbon (BrC) is one of the least understood and uncertain warming agents due to a scarcity of observations. Here, we performed direct observations of atmospheric BrC and quantified its light-absorbing properties during a 2 month circum-Arctic cruise in summer of 2017. Through observation-constrained modeling, we show that BrC, mainly originated from biomass burning in the mid-to high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (similar to 60%), can be a strong warming agent in the Arctic region, especially in the summer, with an average radiative forcing of-90 mW m(-2) (similar to 30% relative to black carbon). As climate change is projected to increase the frequency, intensity, and spread of wildfires, we expect BrC to play an increasing role in Arctic warming in the future.
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| 23. |
- Zhang, Huai, et al.
(författare)
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A global survey on the use of the international classification of diseases codes for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Hepatology international. - 1936-0541.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the implementation of the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) and the publication of the metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) nomenclature in 2020, it is important to establish consensus for the coding of MAFLD in ICD-11. This will inform subsequent revisions of ICD-11.Using the Qualtrics XM and WJX platforms, questionnaires were sent online to MAFLD-ICD-11 coding collaborators, authors of papers, and relevant association members.A total of 890 international experts in various fields from 61 countries responded to the survey. We also achieved full coverage of provincial-level administrative regions in China. 77.1% of respondents agreed that MAFLD should be represented in ICD-11 by updating NAFLD, with no significant regional differences (77.3% in Asia and 76.6% in non-Asia, p=0.819). Over 80% of respondents agreed or somewhat agreed with the need to assign specific codes for progressive stages of MAFLD (i.e. steatohepatitis) (92.2%), MAFLD combined with comorbidities (84.1%), or MAFLD subtypes (i.e., lean, overweight/obese, and diabetic) (86.1%).This global survey by a collaborative panel of clinical, coding, health management and policy experts, indicates agreement that MAFLD should be coded in ICD-11. The data serves as a foundation for corresponding adjustments in the ICD-11 revision.
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| 24. |
- Zhu, Xi, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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An industrial case study on using language workbench technology for realizing model-driven engineering
- 2014
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Ingår i: MODELSWARD 2014 - Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Model-Driven Engineering and Software Development. - Lisbon : SciTePress. - 9789897580079
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Model Driven Engineering (MDE) is a proven approach to improve software development processes by automation. However, traditional development of MDE tooling requires a high upfront cost. Recent developments in language workbench technologies promise to significantly reduce these investment costs. By providing domain experts with targeted projections, the speed and quality of delivering customer value is improved. This paper provides results from an industrial case study in the telecommunications domain and compares the value of using a language workbench to traditional MDE technologies. Evaluation of the approach was based on qualitative research strategy which involved a proof of concept implementation and effort estimations by tooling experts. Our results, using the Intentional Domain Workbench, indicate that applying a language workbench promises significant improvements in several aspects of MDE based software development. Most notably in this paper: (1) improved speed in development of domain specific tooling and (2) improved speed in software development process re-engineering.
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| 25. |
- Zhu, Yongjie, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic Community Detection for Brain Functional Networks During Music Listening With Block Component Analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering. - 1534-4320. ; 31, s. 2438-2447
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The human brain can be described as a complex network of functional connections between distinct regions, referred to as the brain functional network. Recent studies show that the functional network is a dynamic process and its community structure evolves with time during continuous task performance. Consequently, it is important for the understanding of the human brain to develop dynamic community detection techniques for such time-varying functional networks. Here, we propose a temporal clustering framework based on a set of network generative models and surprisingly it can be linked to Block Component Analysis to detect and track the latent community structure in dynamic functional networks. Specifically, the temporal dynamic networks are represented within a unified three-way tensor framework for simultaneously capturing multiple types of relationships between a set of entities. The multi-linear rank- $(L_{r}, L_{r}, 1)$ block term decomposition (BTD) is adopted to fit the network generative model to directly recover underlying community structures with the specific evolution of time from the temporal networks. We apply the proposed method to the study of the reorganization of the dynamic brain networks from electroencephalography (EEG) data recorded during free music listening. We derive several network structures ( $L_{r}$ communities in each component) with specific temporal patterns (described by BTD components) significantly modulated by musical features, involving subnetworks of frontoparietal, default mode, and sensory-motor networks. The results show that the brain functional network structures are dynamically reorganized and the derived community structures are temporally modulated by the music features. The proposed generative modeling approach can be an effective tool for describing community structures in brain networks that go beyond static methods and detecting the dynamic reconfiguration of modular connectivity elicited by continuously naturalistic tasks.
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