| 1. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Zhang, Hong-Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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PINCH Protein Expression in Normal Endometrium, Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia and Endometrioid Endometrial Carcinoma
- 2010
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Ingår i: CHEMOTHERAPY. - : S. Karger AG. - 0009-3157 .- 1421-9794. ; 56:4, s. 291-297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Particularly interesting new cysteine-histidine rich protein ( PINCH), as an adapter protein of the LIM family for signal transduction in the integrin and growth factor pathway, is upregulated in the stroma of several common types of cancers and involved in promoting tumor progression. In the present study, we examined PINCH expression in normal endometrium, atypical endometrial hyperplasia and endometrioid carcinoma, and further studied the relationships of PINCH expression with clinicopathological variables in cancer patients. Methods: PINCH expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in 23 normal endometrial samples, 18 atypical endometrial hyperplasias and 48 endometrioid endometrial carcinomas. Results: The PINCH expression in the stroma of cancer (71%) was significantly increased compared to either normal endometrium (17%, p andlt; 0.0001) or atypical hyperplasia (39%, p = 0.017), along with 9 cancers that had stronger PINCH expressions at the invasive margin of the cancers compared to the inner cancers. PINCH expression in cancer was higher in the patients with hypertension (p = 0.041) and estrogen exposure time andgt;30 years (p = 0.021). On the other hand, PINCH expression was not related to menopausal status, gravid status, blood sugar/lipid, family background of cancer, histological grade, myometrial invasion, cervical involvement, lymph nodal metastases, growth pattern, estrogen and progestogen receptors (p andgt; 0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that PINCH seems to play a role, presently unknown, in the tumorigenesis and development of endometrial cancer that merits further study.
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| 5. |
- Zhu, Zhen-Long, et al.
(författare)
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Cytoplasmic expression of p33(ING1b) is correlated with tumorigenesis and progression of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Oncology letters. - : Spandidos Publications. - 1792-1074 .- 1792-1082. ; 5:1, s. 161-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- p33(ING1b), a newly discovered candidate tumor suppressor gene and a nuclear protein, belongs to the inhibitor of growth gene family. Previous studies have shown that p33(ING1b) is involved in the restriction of cell growth and proliferation, apoptosis, tumor anchorage-independent growth, cellular senescence, maintenance of genomic stability and modulation of cell cycle checkpoints. Loss of nuclear p33(ING1b) has been observed in melanoma, seminoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, oral squamous cell carcinoma, breast ductal cancer and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Inactivation and/or decreased expression of p33(ING1b) have been reported in various types of cancer, including head and neck squamous cell, breast, lung, stomach, blood and brain malignancies. Since little is known about the clinicopathological significance of p33(ING1b) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), this study aimed to investigate the association of p33(ING1b) expression with clinicopathological variables and particularly interesting new cysteine-histidine rich protein (PINCH) in patients with ESCC. p33(ING1b) expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in 20 normal esophageal mucosa and in 64 ESCC specimens. The results revealed that the positive expression of p33(ING1b) protein in normal squamous cells was localized in the nucleus alone and the positive rate was 95%, while in ESCCs, the positive expression was mainly in the cytoplasm, together with nuclear expression, and the positive rate was 36% (P<0.0001). Furthermore, the cases with lymph node metastasis showed a higher frequency of positive cytoplasmic expression than those without metastasis (P=0.001). The cytoplasmic expression of p33(ING1b) was positively related to PINCH expression (P<0.0001) in ESCC, and the cases positive for both proteins had a high lymph node metastasis rate (P=0.001). In conclusion, p33(ING1b) cellular compartmental shift from the nucleus to the cytoplasm may cause loss of normal cellular function and play a central role in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of ESCC.
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| 6. |
- Zhu, Zhen-Long, et al.
(författare)
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PINCH expression and its clinicopathological significance in gastric adenocarcinoma
- 2012
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Ingår i: Disease Markers. - : IOS Press. - 0278-0240 .- 1875-8630. ; 33:4, s. 171-178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Particularly interesting new cysteine-histidine rich protein (PINCH) is an important component of the local adhesion complexes and upregulated in several types of malignancies, and involved in the incidence and development of tumours. PINCH expression is also independently correlated with poorer survival in patients with colorectal cancer. However, there is no study of PINCH in gastric cancer, therefore, the aim of this project was to investigate PINCH expression and its clinicopathological significance in gastric adenocarcinoma. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanPatients and methods: PINCH expression was immunohistochemically examined in normal gastric mucous (n = 30) and gastric adenocarcinoma (n = 73), from gastric cancer patients. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: PINCH expression in the associated-stroma of gastric cancers was heterogeneous, and its positive rate (75%) was higher than that of normal gastric mucosa (43%, X-2 = 9.711, p = 0.002). The stronger staining was observed at the invasive edge of tumour when compared to the inner area of tumour. The rate of positive PINCH (88%) in the cases with lymph node metastasis was higher than that (52%) in the cases without metastasis (X-2 = 11.151, p = 0.001). PINCH expression was not correlated with patients gender, age, tumour size, differentiation and invasion depth (p andgt; 0.05). less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusion: PINCH protein might play an important role in the tumourigenesis and metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma.
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| 7. |
- Lind, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
- 2021
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Ingår i: eLife. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions.
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| 8. |
- Mishra, A, et al.
(författare)
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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Wang, Ming-Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of PINCH protein in gliomas and its clinicopathological significance
- 2007
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Ingår i: Oncology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0890-9091 .- 0030-2414 .- 1423-0232. ; 72:5-6, s. 343-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Particularly interesting new cysteine-histidine-rich protein (PINCH), as a LIM domain adapter protein, functions in the integrin and growth factor signal transduction pathway, and is upregulated in tumor-associated stroma in several types of cancers. However, no study of PINCH has been carried out in gliomas, therefore we examined PINCH expression in gliomas and its clinicopathological significance. Methods: PINCH expression was immunohistochemically examined in 82 gliomas, along with 26 matched adjacent normal brain samples and 10 recurred gliomas. Results: PINCH was strongly expressed in the primary (35%, p = 0.0001) or recurred tumors (40%, p = 0.004) and weak in normal brain tissue. PINCH expression was significantly increased in high-grade gliomas (55 vs. 24%, high- vs. low-grade gliomas, p = 0.004). There was no association of PINCH expression with gender, age, tumor number, size, histological type and tumor location (p > 0.05). Conclusions: PINCH expression may be involved in glioma development and differentiation. Copyright © 2008 S. Karger AG.
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| 11. |
- Wang, Ming-Wei, et al.
(författare)
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FXYD3 Expression in Gliomas and its Clinicopathological Significance
- 2009
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Ingår i: Oncology Research. - : Computers, Materials and Continua (Tech Science Press). - 0965-0407 .- 1555-3906. ; 18:4, s. 133-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- FXYD3, interacting with Na+/K+-ATPase, is considered a cell surface regulator modulating the function of ion pumps and ion channels. The FXYD3 gene was originally cloned from murine mammary tumors and then from human breast tumors. However, no study of FXYD3 has been carried out in gliomas; therefore, we examined FXYD3 expression in gliomas and its clinicopathological significance. FXYD3 expression was immunohistochemically examined in 71 primary gliomas, along with 37 matched adjacent normal brain samples and 8 recurred gliomas. The frequency of strong FXYD3 expression was higher in the primary tumors in either unmatched (p = 0.046) or matched cases (p = 0.02), compared to normal brain tissue. FXYD3 expression was significantly more increased in females than males (p = 0.01), and in multiple site gliomas than single sites (p = 0.02). There was no difference of FXYD3 expression regarding age, tumor location, size, histological type, and tumor grade (p greater than 0.05). The results suggest that FXYD3 expression may be involved in glioma development, especially in multiple gliomas and female patients.
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| 12. |
- Yan, Bao-Yong, et al.
(författare)
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Overexpression of MAC30 in the Cytoplasm of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Predicts Nodal Metastasis and Poor Differentiation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Chemotherapy. - : S, Karger AG, Basel. - 0009-3157 .- 1421-9794. ; 56:6, s. 424-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Expression of the meningioma-associated protein (MAC30) was increased in several types of tumors, including esophageal, gastric and colon tumors, compared to normal tissue. MAC30 expression levels gradually increased from normal colorectal mucosa to primary colorectal cancer and colorectal cancer spreading to the lymph nodes. MAC30 expression was related to survival in patients with colorectal cancer. However, there is no study on MAC30 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: Therefore, MAC30 expression in OSCC was investigated and possible associations of MAC30 expression with clinicopathological variables in OSCC have been analyzed. MAC30 expression was immunohistochemically examined in 20 normal oral mucosa and 43 OSCC specimens. Results: Expression levels of MAC30 in the cytoplasm markedly increased from normal oral epithelial cells to primary OSCC. Strong cytoplasmic staining was significantly higher in primary OSCC compared to normal oral mucosa samples (51 vs. 20%, p = 0.019). Furthermore, MAC30 expression levels in primary tumors of patients with lymph node metastasis exceeded levels in those without metastasis (65 vs. 35%, p = 0.048), and MAC30 expression in poorly differentiated tumors was higher than in well-differentiated ones (90 vs. 39%, p = 0.005). Conclusion: Overexpression of MAC30 in the cytoplasm of OSCC may predict nodal metastasis and poor differentiation.
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| 13. |
- Zhang, Hong, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Upregulation of nucleoporin 88 is associated with nodal metastasis and poor differentiation in oral squamous cell carcinoma
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. - : e-Century Publishing. - 1940-5901. ; 9:5, s. 8399-8404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nucleoporin 88 (Nup 88) is a component of the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) that mediates nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of macromolecules, Nup 88 has been reported to be up-regulated in a wide variety of malignancies. Studies show that overexpression of this antigen is associated with the development, agressiveness, differentiation and prognosis in some tumours. Since no study has been carried out in the relationship between the Nup 88 expression and clinicopathological features in the patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), this study aimed to determine Nup 88 expression in OSCC and its clinicopathological significance. Nup 88 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in 20 normal oral mucosa specimens and 83 OSCC tissues. The frequency of positive Nup 88 expression was gradually increased from normal oral mucosa (10%) to primary OSCC (40%, P=0.012). The Nup 88 positive rate in OSCC patient with nodal metastasis was significantly higher than those without nodal metastasis (64% vs. 21%, P=0.000085). The frequency of positive Nup 88 expression was significantly different between worse and better differentiation (80 vs. 27%, P=0.000024). Nup 88 expression was not related to the patients' gender, age, location and tumour size (P>0.05). In conclusion, Nup 88 may play an important role in tumorigenesis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Upregulation of Nup 88 is associated with nodal metastasis and poor differentiation in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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| 14. |
- Zhang, Jin-Ting, et al.
(författare)
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Nuclear to cytoplasmic shift of p33ING1b protein from normal oral mucosa to oral squamous cell carcinoma in relation to clinicopathological variables
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0171-5216 .- 1432-1335. ; 134:3, s. 421-426
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: p33ING1b, as a candidate tumour suppressor gene, has been found to be expressed a proportion of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs), however, its clinicopathological significance is not studied yet. Our aim was to investigate association of p33ING1b expression with clinicopathological variables and particularly interesting new cysteine-histidine rich protein (PINCH) in OSCCs. Methods: p33ING1b expression was immumohistochemically examined in 20 normal oral mucosa specimens and 49 OSCCs. Results: Normal squamous cells showed only p33ING1b nuclear expression (no cytoplasmic expression), with a rate of 90% positive cases. While 24% of OSCCs appeared cytoplasmic expression (11 of them with weak nuclear staining) and the rest tumours (76%) were negative for p33 ING1b. Furthermore, the cases having lymph node metastasis showed a higher frequency of positive cytoplasmic expression than those without metastasis (P = 0.03). The p33ING1b cytoplasmic expression was positively related to PINCH expression (P = 0.04), the cases positive for both proteins had a high rate of the metastasis (P = 0.03). Conclusions: The transfer of p33ING1b protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm may result in loss of normal cellular function of the protein, which might play a role in the tumourigenesis and metastasis of OSCCs. © 2007 Springer-Verlag.
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| 15. |
- Zhu, Zhen-Long, et al.
(författare)
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Expression and significance of FXYD-3 protein in gastric adenocarcinoma
- 2010
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Ingår i: DISEASE MARKERS. - : Ios Press. - 0278-0240. ; 28:2, s. 63-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: FXYD-3, also known as Mat-8, is a member of the FXYD protein family. It was reported that this protein can associate with and modify the transport properties of Na, K-ATPase, and may play an important role in a variety of physiological and pathological states. This protein is up-regulated in certain types of cancers (such as breast, prostate and pancreatic cancer), but down-regulated in other types of cancers (such as colon and kidney cancer). No study has been performed in gastric cancer; therefore, the aim of this project was to investigate FXYD-3 expression and its clinicopathological significance in gastric adenocarcinoma. Patients and methods: FXYD-3 protein was examined by immunohistochemistry in normal gastric mucous (n = 29) and gastric adenocarcinoma (n = 51), obtained from surgical resection of gastric cancer patients. Results: FXYD-3 protein was present in the cytoplasm of normal gastric epithelial cells or gastric cancer cells. The rate of FXYD-3 strong expression was significantly higher in cancer (51% of 51) than in normal mucosa (10% of 29, X-2=13.210, p andlt; 0.0001). FXYD-3 expressed strongly in ulcerative/infiltrating types of cancers compared to polypoid/fungating ones (X-2 = 5.765, p = 0.016). However, FXYD-3 expression was not correlated with patients gender, age, tumor size, lymph node status and histological grade (p andgt; 0.05). Conclosion: Up-regulated expression of FXYD-3 protein may be involved in tumourgenesis and invasion of gastric adenocarcinoma.
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| 16. |
- Zhu, Zhen-Long, et al.
(författare)
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Overexpression of FXYD-3 is involved in the tumorigenesis and development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
- 2013
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Ingår i: Disease Markers. - : IOS Press. - 0278-0240 .- 1875-8630. ; 35:3, s. 195-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the association of FXYD-3 expression with clinicopathological variables and PINCH in patients with ESCC.Patients and methods: Expression of FXYD-3 protein was immunohistochemically examined in normal esophageal mucous (n = 20) and ESCC (n = 64). Results: Expression of FXYD-3 in the cytoplasm markedly increased from normal esophageal epithelial cells to primary ESCC ( p = 0.001). The expression of FXYD-3 was correlated with TNM stages and depth of tumour invasion. Furthermore, the cases with lymph node metastasis tended to show a higher frequency of positive expression than those without metastasis ( p = 0.086), and FXYD-3 expression tended to be positively related to the expression of PINCH (p = 0.063). Moreover, the cases positive for both proteins had the highest frequency of lymph node metastasis (p = 0.001). However, FXYD-3 expression was not correlated with patient,s gender (p = 0.847), age (p = 0.876), tumour location (p = 0.279), size (p = 0.771) , grade of differentiation (p = 0.279), and survival (p = 0.113).Conclusion: overexpression of FXYD-3 in the cytoplasm may play an important role in the tumourigenesis and development in the human ESCC, particularly in combination with PINCH expression.
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| 17. |
- Niemi, MEK, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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