| 1. |
- Blech, Jan Olaf, et al.
(författare)
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A Comparison of Formal Verification Approaches for IEC 61499
- 2016
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Ingår i: 2016 IEEE 21st International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA). - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781509013142 - 9781509013135
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Engineering and computer science have come up with a variety of techniques to increase the confidence in systems, increase reliability, facilitate certification, improve reuse and maintainability, improve interoperability and portability. Among them are various techniques based on formal models to enhance testing, validation and verification. In this paper, we are concentrating on formal verification both at runtime and design time of a system. Formal verification of a system property at design time is the process of mathematically proving that the property indeed holds. At runtime, one can check the validity of the property and report deviations by monitoring the system execution. Formal verification relies on semantic models, descriptions of the system and its properties. We report on ongoing verification work and present two different approaches for formal verification of IEC 61499-based programs. We provide two examples of ongoing work to exemplify the design and the runtime verification approaches
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| 2. |
- Jhunjhunwala, Pranay, et al.
(författare)
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A Design Pattern for Monitoring Adapter Connections in IEC 61499
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings. - : IEEE. ; , s. 967-972
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today's software developments are frequently structured into different components with well defined interfaces. IEC 61499 comes with well defined interface mechanisms such as adapters that group data and event exchange between different subsystems. Compliance with interface specifications can be monitored at run-time. In this paper we present a design pattern to monitor adapters thereby observing whether communication specifications are fulfilled. We present an example demonstrating monitoring of a handshaking mechanism used between control application components.
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| 3. |
- Jhunjhunwala, Pranay, et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring design pattern for distributed automation systems in IEC 61499 and its formal modelling
- 2022
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Ingår i: 2022 IEEE 31st International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE). - : IEEE. ; , s. 220-225
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses the challenge of achieving reliable and predictable operation of flexible and modular pro-duction systems with distributed control and potentially wireless communication. Such systems are envisaged as common in the future Industry 4.0 production facilities. A software design pattern is proposed to implement online monitoring of requirements. The IEC 61499 architecture is selected as the implementation platform and its benefits are essentially used by utilisation of the adapter interface mechanism. The paper also outlines a pathway to designing and verifying the monitors based on formal methods.
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| 4. |
- Lindner, Marcus
(författare)
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Robust industrial automation software: outsets for non-determinism and real-time execution
- 2016
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Studies about the industrial standard IEC 61499 and its relation to the RTFM Model of Computation represent the basis of this thesis. An overview of industrial automation software in general and in the scope of Svenska Kraftnät introduces the subject of software related issues. The thesis focuses on selected properties, which are important for software development to improve the robustness of industrial automation software. Among others, timing is essential due to its importance in real-time applications. An example case of the nuclear power plant Forsmark in Sweden illustrates problems correlated with timing issues and makes the lack of an overall system modelling (including timing) evident. A review of the relevant industrial standards for software development in industrial applications provides a background for various aspects of software compliance to safety requirements. Special attention lies on the standards IEC 61131 and IEC 61499 for industrial software development and their programming and execution model. The presented RTFM framework defines a concurrent model of execution based on tasks and resources together with a timing semantics that was designed from the outset for the development of embedded real-time systems. It can serve as a scheduling and resource management for the run-time environments of industrial applications, while addressing the aforementioned issues. Mappings from the functional layer (IEC 61499 function block networks) and safety layer (PLCopen safety function blocks) to RTFM show the applicability and possibility of using IEC 61499 as an overall, distributed, and hierarchical model. A discussion on options for future work presents choices to pursue the second half of the PhD studies. Formal methods for program specification and verification open up an interesting path to further increase the robustness of industrial automation software.
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| 5. |
- Paniagua, Cristina
(författare)
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Architectural approach for Autonomous System of Systems Interoperability
- 2019
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The current technological environment is evolving increasingly fast, and the development of new devices, technologies, and architectures has opened an emergent era where the digital and physical world work together. The implementation and use of systems based on a service-oriented architecture (SOA) in conjunction with the Internet of Things (IoT) and cyberphysical systems (CPS) have been extended during the last decades in numerous scenarios in industry and other domains. However, some of the major barriers to this approach are the lack of interoperability and the amount of engineering effort required for their integration. The research presented in this thesis targets issues related to digitalization and automation. It is framed by the Industry 4.0 paradigm, which promotes the rise of efficiency and sustainability on industrial production. The interoperability between heterogeneous systems and different domains is one of the main challenges of Industry 4.0. The quest for solutions that help to increase interoperability is an important part of this research. This thesis proposes a set of architectural design principles and tools in order to reduce engineering effort by means of finding solutions that enable autonomous integration and increase interoperability without human intervention. The research is focused on the IoT field, taking into account resource-constrained devices, system of systems integration, and data models. A detailed investigation of various interoperability mismatch problems is presented in this thesis. The proposed solution is an adapter system that can aid in the generation of new service consumer interfaces at both compile-time and run-time. The proposed approach requires a new point of view in the service description field that can provide a holistic description of the information required for the generation of consumer interfaces.In addition, aspects related to interoperability, such as the multiple IoT frameworks in the current market, naming conventions, syntactic modeling and translation, and security, are also partially analyzed. On a separate track, service composition in resource-constrained devices is analyzed in terms of latency, using the orchestration provided by the Arrowhead Framework.
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| 6. |
- Prähofer, Herbert, et al.
(författare)
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Guest Editorial Information Technology in Automation
- 2018
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : IEEE. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 14:6, s. 2745-2747
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The papers in this special section focus on information technology in industrial automation applications. Information technologies play a crucial role in the current and future developments of industrial automation. There are numerous strategic agendas on future manufacturing that have appeared recently worldwide and all of them emphasize the role of information technologies in automation in shaping up the future of production industries. For example, according to the German development agenda Industrie 4.0, the main driving force of the new industrial revolution is the Internet of things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). The IoT concept is becoming a major driver for many industrial applications. In manufacturing, it leads to flattening of the control pyramid, thus, increasing flexibility and enabling unprecedented level of production flexibility and adaptability, making it possible and feasible to produce products in smaller amounts, with shorter time to markets and higher economic efficiency. In the manufacturing environment, CPS comprise smart machines, storage systems, and production facilities capable of autonomously exchanging information, triggering actions, and controlling each other independently. The research community effort has been focusing on systems interoperability, performance, and efficiency of the design process, as well as assurance in the correctness of systems behavior.
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| 7. |
- Suinder, Christoph, et al.
(författare)
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Usability and Interoperability of IEC 61499 based distributed automation systems
- 2006
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Ingår i: 2006 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. - 0780397002 ; , s. 31-37
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since IEC 61499 has reached the state of an international standard and a substantial body of research results exists the question of the authors as main intention for this paper was: Do the models of IEC 61499 solve all problems when thinking of usability and interoperability in heterogeneous system environments? The main problems discussed within the paper concern to the execution model defined for basic function blocks and the scheduling of events within function block networks
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| 8. |
- Sûnder, Christoph, et al.
(författare)
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Formal verification of downtimeless system evolution in embedded automation controllers
- 2013
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Ingår i: ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 1539-9087 .- 1558-3465. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents a new formal approach to validation of on-the-fly modification of control software in automation systems. The concept of downtimeless system evolution (DSE) is introduced. The DSE is essentially based on the use of IEC 61499 system architecture and formal modeling and verification of the hardware and software of an automation device. The validation is performed by means of two complimentary techniques: analytic calculations and formal verification by model-checking
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