| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
- Abd El-Wahed, Aida A., et al.
(författare)
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Cosmetic Applications of Bee Venom
- 2021
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Ingår i: Toxins. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6651. ; 13:11
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bee venom (BV) is a typical toxin secreted by stingers of honeybee workers. BV and BV therapy have long been attractive to different cultures, with extensive studies during recent decades. Nowadays, BV is applied to combat several skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, alopecia, vitiligo, and psoriasis. BV is used extensively in topical preparations as cosmetics and used as dressing for wound healing, as well as in facemasks. Nevertheless, the safety of BV as a therapeutic choice has always been a concern due to the immune system reaction in some people due to BV use. The documented unfavorable impact is explained by the fact that the skin reactions to BV might expand to excessive immunological responses, including anaphylaxis, that typically resolve over numerous days. This review aims to address bee venom therapeutic uses in skin cosmetics.
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| 3. |
- Abolfathi, Bela, et al.
(författare)
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The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey : First Spectroscopic Data from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the Second Phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment
- 2018
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 235:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since 2014 July. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the 14th from SDSS overall (making this Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes the data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (2014-2016 July) public. Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey; the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data-driven machine-learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from the SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS web site (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020 and will be followed by SDSS-V.
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| 4. |
- Aguado, D. S., et al.
(författare)
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The Fifteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys : First Release of MaNGA-derived Quantities, Data Visualization Tools, and Stellar Library
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 240:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty years have passed since first light for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Here, we release data taken by the fourth phase of SDSS (SDSS-IV) across its first three years of operation (2014 July-2017 July). This is the third data release for SDSS-IV, and the 15th from SDSS (Data Release Fifteen; DR15). New data come from MaNGA-we release 4824 data cubes, as well as the first stellar spectra in the MaNGA Stellar Library (MaStar), the first set of survey-supported analysis products (e.g., stellar and gas kinematics, emission-line and other maps) from the MaNGA Data Analysis Pipeline, and a new data visualization and access tool we call "Marvin." The next data release, DR16, will include new data from both APOGEE-2 and eBOSS; those surveys release no new data here, but we document updates and corrections to their data processing pipelines. The release is cumulative; it also includes the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since first light. In this paper, we describe the location and format of the data and tools and cite technical references describing how it was obtained and processed. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has also been updated, providing links to data downloads, tutorials, and examples of data use. Although SDSS-IV will continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V (2020-2025), we end this paper by describing plans to ensure the sustainability of the SDSS data archive for many years beyond the collection of data.
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| 5. |
- Ariyawansa, Hiran A., et al.
(författare)
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Fungal diversity notes 111–252—taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa
- 2015
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Ingår i: Fungal diversity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1560-2745 .- 1878-9129. ; 75, s. 27-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is a compilation of notes on 142 fungal taxa, including five new families, 20 new genera, and 100 new species, representing a wide taxonomic and geographic range. The new families, Ascocylindricaceae, Caryosporaceae and Wicklowiaceae (Ascomycota) are introduced based on their distinct lineages and unique morphology. The new Dothideomycete genera Pseudomassariosphaeria (Amniculicolaceae), Heracleicola, Neodidymella and P s e u d o m i c ros p h a e r i o p s i s ( D id y m e l l a c e a e ) , P s e u d o p i t h o m y c e s ( D i d y m o s p h a e r i a c e a e ) , Brunneoclavispora, Neolophiostoma and Sulcosporium (Halotthiaceae), Lophiohelichrysum (Lophiostomataceae), G a l l i i c o l a , Popul o c re s c e n t i a a nd Va g i c o l a (Phaeosphaeriaceae), Ascocylindrica (Ascocylindricaceae), E l o n g a t o p e d i c e l l a t a ( R o u s s o e l l a c e a e ) , Pseudoasteromassaria (Latoruaceae) and Pseudomonodictys (Macrodiplodiopsidaceae) are introduced. The newly described species of Dothideomycetes (Ascomycota) are Pseudomassariosphaeria bromicola (Amniculicolaceae), Flammeascoma lignicola (Anteagloniaceae), Ascocylindrica marina (Ascocylindricaceae) , Lembosia xyliae (Asterinaceae), Diplodia crataegicola and Diplodia galiicola ( B o t r yosphae r i a cea e ) , Caryospor a aquat i c a (Caryosporaceae), Heracleicola premilcurensis and Neodi dymell a thai landi cum (Didymellaceae) , Pseudopithomyces palmicola (Didymosphaeriaceae), Floricola viticola (Floricolaceae), Brunneoclavispora bambusae, Neolophiostoma pigmentatum and Sulcosporium thailandica (Halotthiaceae), Pseudoasteromassaria fagi (Latoruaceae), Keissleriella dactylidicola (Lentitheciaceae), Lophiohelichrysum helichrysi (Lophiostomataceae), Aquasubmersa japonica (Lophiotremataceae) , Pseudomonodictys tectonae (Macrodiplodiopsidaceae), Microthyrium buxicola and Tumidispora shoreae (Microthyriaceae), Alloleptosphaeria clematidis, Allophaeosphaer i a c y t i s i , Allophaeosphae r i a subcylindrospora, Dematiopleospora luzulae, Entodesmium artemisiae, Galiicola pseudophaeosphaeria, Loratospora(Basidiomycota) are introduced together with a new genus Neoantrodiella (Neoantrodiellaceae), here based on both morphology coupled with molecular data. In the class Agaricomycetes, Agaricus pseudolangei, Agaricus haematinus, Agaricus atrodiscus and Agaricus exilissimus (Agaricaceae) , Amanita m e l l e i a l b a , Amanita pseudosychnopyramis and Amanita subparvipantherina (Amanitaceae), Entoloma calabrum, Cora barbulata, Dictyonema gomezianum and Inocybe granulosa (Inocybaceae), Xerocomellus sarnarii (Boletaceae), Cantharellus eucalyptorum, Cantharellus nigrescens, Cantharellus tricolor and Cantharellus variabilicolor (Cantharellaceae), Cortinarius alboamarescens, Cortinarius brunneoalbus, Cortinarius ochroamarus, Cortinarius putorius and Cortinarius seidlii (Cortinariaceae), Hymenochaete micropora and Hymenochaete subporioides (Hymenochaetaceae), Xylodon ramicida (Schizoporaceae), Colospora andalasii (Polyporaceae), Russula guangxiensis and Russula hakkae (Russulaceae), Tremella dirinariae, Tremella graphidis and Tremella pyrenulae (Tremellaceae) are introduced. Four new combinations Neoantrodiella gypsea, Neoantrodiella thujae (Neoantrodiellaceae), Punctulariopsis cremeoalbida, Punctulariopsis efibulata (Punctulariaceae) are also introduced here for the division Basidiomycota. Furthermore Absidia caatinguensis, Absidia koreana and Gongronella koreana (Cunninghamellaceae), Mortierella pisiformis and Mortierella formosana (Mortierellaceae) are newly introduced in the Zygomycota, while Neocallimastix cameroonii and Piromyces irregularis (Neocallimastigaceae) ar e i n t roduced i n the Neocallimastigomycota. Reference specimens or changes in classification and notes are provided for Alternaria ethzedia, Cucurbitaria ephedricola, Austropleospora, Austropleospora archidendri, Byssosphaeria rhodomphala, Lophiostoma caulium, Pseudopithomyces maydicus, Massariosphaeria, Neomassariosphaeria and Pestalotiopsis montellica.
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| 6. |
- Blanton, Michael R., et al.
(författare)
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Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV : Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Astronomical Journal. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0004-6256 .- 1538-3881. ; 154:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and. high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median z similar to 0.03). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between z similar to 0.6 and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs. and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the. Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July.
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| 7. |
- Chen, Xian-Kai, et al.
(författare)
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A unified description of non-radiative voltage losses in organic solar cells
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Energy. - : Springer Nature. - 2058-7546. ; 6:8, s. 799-806
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organic solar cells based on non-fullerene acceptors have enabled high efficiencies yet their charge dynamics and its impact on the photovoltaic parameters are not fully understood. Now, Chen et al. provide a general description of non-radiative voltage losses in both fullerene and non-fullerene solar cells. Recent advances in organic solar cells based on non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) come with reduced non-radiative voltage losses (Delta V-nr). Here we show that, in contrast to the energy-gap-law dependence observed in conventional donor:fullerene blends, the Delta V-nr values in state-of-the-art donor:NFA organic solar cells show no correlation with the energies of charge-transfer electronic states at donor:acceptor interfaces. By combining temperature-dependent electroluminescence experiments and dynamic vibronic simulations, we provide a unified description of Delta V-nr for both fullerene- and NFA-based devices. We highlight the critical role that the thermal population of local exciton states plays in low-Delta V-nr systems. An important finding is that the photoluminescence yield of the pristine materials defines the lower limit of Delta V-nr. We also demonstrate that the reduction in Delta V-nr (for example, <0.2 V) can be obtained without sacrificing charge generation efficiency. Our work suggests designing donor and acceptor materials with high luminescence efficiency and complementary optical absorption bands extending into the near-infrared region.
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| 8. |
- Chi, Xiaoming, et al.
(författare)
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Fractal superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors with reduced polarization sensitivity
- 2018
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Ingår i: Optics Letters. - : OPTICAL SOC AMER. - 0146-9592 .- 1539-4794. ; 43:20, s. 5017-5020
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) based on a fractal design of the nanowires to reduce the polarization sensitivity of detection efficiency. We patterned niobium titanium nitride thin films into Peano curves with a linewidth of 100 nm and integrated the nanowires with optical microcavities to enhance their optical absorption. At a base temperature of 2.6 K, the fractal SNSPD exhibited a polarization-maximum device efficiency of 67% and a polarization-minimum device efficiency of 61% at a wavelength of 1550 nm. Therefore, the polarization sensitivity, defined as their ratio, was 1.1, lower than the polarization sensitivity of the SNSPDs in the meander design. The reduced polarization sensitivity of the detector could be maintained for higher-order spatial modes in multimode optical fibers and could tolerate misalignment between the optical mode and the detector. This fractal design is applicable to both amorphous and polycrystalline materials that are commonly used for making SNSPDs.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- El-Seedi, Hesham, et al.
(författare)
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A Spotlight on the Egyptian Honeybee (Apis mellifera lamarckii)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Animals. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-2615. ; 12:20
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Egypt has an ongoing long history with beekeeping, which started with the ancient Egyptians making various reliefs and inscriptions of beekeeping on their tombs and temples. The Egyptian honeybee (Apis mellifera lamarckii) is an authentic Egyptian honeybee subspecies utilized in apiculture. A. m. lamarckii is a distinct honeybee subspecies that has a particular body color, size, and high levels of hygienic behavior. Additionally, it has distinctive characteristics; including the presence of the half-queens, an excessive number of swarm cells, high adaptability to climatic conditions, good resistance to specific bee diseases, including the Varro disorder, and continuous breeding during the whole year despite low productivity, using very little propolis, and tending to abscond readily. This review discusses the history of beekeeping in Egypt and its current situation in addition to its morphology, genetic analysis, and distinctive characters, and the defensive behaviors of native A. m. lamarckii subspecies.
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| 11. |
- Feng, Yifan, et al.
(författare)
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Fractal Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors and Their Applications in Imaging
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim, CLEO/PR 2022. - : Optica Publishing Group.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present our research on fractal superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors and their applications in light detection and ranging (LiDAR), full-Stokes polarimetric imaging, and non-line-of-sight imaging.
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| 12. |
- Feng, Yifan, et al.
(författare)
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Fractal Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors and Their Applications in Imaging
- 2022
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Ingår i: 2022 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim, CLEO-PR 2022 - Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc..
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present our research on fractal superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors and their applications in light detection and ranging (LiDAR), full-Stokes polarimetric imaging, and non-line-of-sight imaging.
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| 13. |
- Guo, Xueling, et al.
(författare)
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Energy levels and radiative data for Kr-like W38+ from MCDHF and RMBPT calculations
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-4075 .- 1361-6455. ; 49:13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energies, transition rates, line strengths and lifetimes have been computed for all levels of the 4p 6 and 4p 54d configurations of W38+ by using the multi-configuration Dirac-Hartree-Fock (MCDHF) method as well as relativistic many-body perturbation theory. We investigate systematically correlation, relativistic and quantum electro-dynamical (QED) effects of different properties, including excitation energies and transition rates. We demonstrate that it is important to include the core-valence correlation of rather deep subshells (including 3d and 3p) to reach close to spectroscopic accuracy for the transition energies. We also show that high-multipole transitions (E3, M2) are important for the lifetime of some metastable levels of 4p 54d (). The present results are in good agreement with experiments and of considerably higher accuracy than those achieved in previous theoretical works.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Hao, Zifan, et al.
(författare)
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High-performance eight-channel system with fractal superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors
- 2024
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Ingår i: Chip. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2709-4723 .- 2772-2724. ; 3:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have become a mainstream photon-counting technology that has been widely applied in various scenarios. So far, most multi-channel SNSPD systems, either reported in literature or commercially available, are polarization sensitive, that is, the system detection efficiency (SDE) of each channel is dependent on the state of polarization of the to-be-detected photons. Here, we reported an eight-channel system with fractal SNSPDs working in the wavelength range of 930 to 940 nm, which are all featured with low polarization sensitivity. In a close-cycled Gifford-McMahon cryocooler system with the base temperature of 2.2 K, we installed and compared the performance of two types of devices: (1) SNSPD, composed of a single, continuous nanowire and (2) superconducting nanowire avalanche photodetector (SNAP), composed of 16 cascaded units of two nanowires electrically connected in parallel. The highest SDE among the eight channels reaches 96−5+4%, with the polarization sensitivity of 1.02 and a dark-count rate of 13 counts per second. The average SDE for eight channels for all states of polarization is estimated to be 90 ± 5%. It is concluded that both the SNSPDs and the SNAPs can reach saturated, high SDE at the wavelength of interest, and the SNSPDs show lower dark-count (false-count) rates, whereas the SNAPs show better properties in the time domain. With the adoption of this system, we showcased the measurements of the second-order photon-correlation functions of light emission from a single-photon source based on a semiconductor quantum dot and from a pulsed laser. It is believed that this work will provide new choices of systems with single-photon detectors combining the merits of high SDE, low polarization sensitivity, and low noise that can be tailored for different applications.
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| 16. |
- Hao, Zifan, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-channel system with high-performance fractal superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors
- 2024
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Ingår i: 2024 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition, OFC 2024 - Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on an eight-channel fractal SNSPD system in the wavelength range of 940 nm with minimal polarization sensitivity. The best channel exhibits 96% system detection efficiency and 19 cps dark-count rate.
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| 17. |
- Hu, Nan, et al.
(författare)
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Full-Stokes polarimetric measurements and imaging using a fractal superconducting nanowire single-photon detector
- 2022
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Ingår i: Optica. - : Optica Publishing Group. - 2334-2536. ; 9:4, s. 346-351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measuring the states of polarization (SoP) of light is fundamentally important for applications ranging from communication, sensing, spectroscopy, imaging, to navigation. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) are ideal detectors of choice for faint-light detection and measurements, but SNSPDs themselves cannot resolve the SoP of photons. Here, based on a fractal SNSPD, we demonstrate a full-Stokes polarimetric measurement system that can measure arbitrary SoP of faint light. The measured SoPs are in excellent agreement with those of a state-of-the-art commercial polarimeter, but the sensitivity of our system reaches -86.6 dBm, which is 26.6 dB better than that of the commercial counterpart. As a direct application, we further demonstrate remote polarimetric imaging (i.e., polarimetric LiDAR) with a complete set of polarimetric contrast.
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| 18. |
- Hu, Nan, et al.
(författare)
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Photon-Counting LIDAR Based on a Fractal SNSPD
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (OFC). - : IEEE.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on a photon-counting LIDAR system based on a polarization-insensitive fractal SNSPD with high detection efficiency and high timing resolution, and showcase depth imaging of an object at 1560 nm with millimeter depth resolution.
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| 19. |
- Hu, Xiaolong, et al.
(författare)
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Fractal superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors and their applications in polarimetric imaging
- 2024
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Ingår i: Advanced Photon Counting Techniques XVIII. - : SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we review the research and development of the fractal superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs), including our demonstrations of high-performance devices and systems with over 80% system detection efficiency, negligibly low residual polarization sensitivity, and low timing jitter. Using the fractal SNSPDs, we demonstrate full-Stokes polarimetric imaging LiDAR.
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| 20. |
- Hu, Xiaolong, et al.
(författare)
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Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors at the infrared spectrum range : detection efficiency and timing jitter
- 2019
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Ingår i: TERAHERTZ, RF, MILLIMETER, AND SUBMILLIMETER-WAVE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XII. - : SPIE. - 9781510624771
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reviews some recent research progress in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) at the infrared spectrum range, with particular emphasis on detection efficiency and timing jitter. For detection efficiency, we present fractal SNSPDs with reduced polarization sensitivity; for timing jitter, we present two mechanisms of device timing jitter - vortex-crossing-induced timing jitter and spatial-inhomogeneity-induced timing jitter.
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| 21. |
- Hu, Xiaolong, et al.
(författare)
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Timing properties of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors
- 2019
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Ingår i: Quantum Optics and Photon Counting 2019. - : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. - 9781510627215
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we review theoretical and experimental research progress on timing properties of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors, including six possible mechanisms that induce timing jitter and experiments towards ultra-low timing jitter.
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| 22. |
- Khalifa, Shaden A. M., et al.
(författare)
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Beyond the Pandemic : COVID-19 Pandemic Changed the Face of Life
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:11
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious challenge for societies around the globe as entire populations have fallen victim to the infectious spread and have taken up social distancing. In many countries, people have had to self-isolate and to be confined to their homes for several weeks to months to prevent the spread of the virus. Social distancing measures have had both negative and positive impacts on various aspects of economies, lifestyles, education, transportation, food supply, health, social life, and mental wellbeing. On other hands, due to reduced population movements and the decline in human activities, gas emissions decreased and the ozone layer improved; this had a positive impact on Earth's weather and environment. Overall, the COVID-19 pandemic has negative effects on human activities and positive impacts on nature. This study discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on different life aspects including the economy, social life, health, education, and the environment.
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| 23. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Visual Object Tracking VOT2017 challenge results
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2017 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW 2017). - : IEEE. - 9781538610343 ; , s. 1949-1972
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2017 is the fifth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 51 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art published at major computer vision conferences or journals in recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies and a new "real-time" experiment simulating a situation where a tracker processes images as if provided by a continuously running sensor. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The VOT2017 goes beyond its predecessors by (i) improving the VOT public dataset and introducing a separate VOT2017 sequestered dataset, (ii) introducing a realtime tracking experiment and (iii) releasing a redesigned toolkit that supports complex experiments. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 24. |
- Lu, Yichen, et al.
(författare)
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Analytical Method of Traffic Conflict at Urban Road Intersections Based on Risk Region
- 2021
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Ingår i: Tongji Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Tongji University. - 0253-374X. ; 49:7, s. 941-948
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A two-stage method of traffic conflict analysis was proposed based on risk region. By using the inD dataset, traffic conflicts were recognized with the calculation of time to risk region(tTTR), and then the degree of traffic conflict risk was judged by risk region duration. Compared with the method based on time-to-collision(tTTC), the proposed method can not only identify rear-end conflicts and crossing conflicts more effectively, but also characterize the degree of traffic conflict risk at different times.
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| 25. |
- Luo, Yifei, et al.
(författare)
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Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 17:6, s. 5211-5295
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.
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| 26. |
- Luo, Zhenghui, et al.
(författare)
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Fine-Tuning Energy Levels via Asymmetric End Groups Enables Polymer Solar Cells with Efficiencies over 17%
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Joule. - : CELL PRESS. - 2542-4351. ; 4:6, s. 1236-1247
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Generally, it is important to fine-tune the energy levels of donor and acceptor materials in the field of polymer solar cell (PSCs) to achieve a minimal highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy offset, which yet is still sufficient for charge separation. Based on the high-performance small-molecule acceptor (SMA) of BTP-4F, we modified the end groups of BTP-4F from IC-2F to CPTCN-Cl. It was found that when both end groups were substituted by CPTCN-Cl, the energy level upshift was too large that caused unfavorable energetic alignment, thus poor device performance. By using the strategy of asymmetric end groups, we were able to achieve near optimal energy level match, resulting in higher open-circuit voltage (V-OC) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared with those given by the PM6:BTP-4F system. Our strategy can be useful and potentially applied to othermaterial systems for maximizing efficiency of non-fullerene PSCs.
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| 27. |
- Meng, Yun, et al.
(författare)
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Fractal Superconducting Nanowires Detect Infrared Single Photonswith 84% System Detection Efficiency, 1.02 Polarization Sensitivity,and 20.8 ps Timing Resolution br
- 2022
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Ingår i: ACS Photonics. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2330-4022. ; 9:5, s. 1547-1553
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The near-unity system detection efficiency (SDE) and excellent timing resolution of superconducting nanowiresingle-photon detectors (SNSPDs), combined with their other merits, have enabled many classical and quantum photonicapplications. However, the prevalent design based on meandering nanowires makes SDE dependent on the polarization states of theincident photons; for unpolarized light, the major merit of high SDE would get compromised, which could be detrimental to photon-starved applications. Here, we create SNSPDs with an arced fractal geometry that almost completely eliminates this polarizationdependence of the SDE, and we experimentally demonstrate 84 +/- 3% SDE, 1.02-0.02+0.06polarization sensitivity at the wavelength of1575 nm, and 20.8 ps timing jitter in a 0.1 W closed-cycle Gifford-McMahon cryocooler, at the base temperature of 2.0 K. Thisdemonstration provides a novel, practical device structure of SNSPDs, allowing for operation in the visible, near-infrared, and mid-infrared spectral ranges, and paves the way for polarization-insensitive single-photon detection with high SDE and high timingresolution.
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| 28. |
- Si, Ran, et al.
(författare)
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EXTENDED CALCULATIONS WITH SPECTROSCOPIC ACCURACY : ENERGY LEVELS AND TRANSITION PROPERTIES FOR THE FLUORINE-LIKE ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE WITH Z = 24–30
- 2016
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 227:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have performed extensive multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock calculations and second-order many-body perturbation calculations for F-like ions with Z = 24–30. Energy levels and transition rates for electric dipole (E1), electric-quadrupole (E2), electricoctupole (E3), magnetic dipole (M1), and magnetic-quadrupole (M2) transitions, as well as radiative lifetimes, are provided for the lowest 200 levels belonging to the 1s22s22p5, 1s22s2p6, 1s22s22p43l, 1s22s2p53l, 1s22p63l, and 1s22s22p44l configurations of each ion. The results from the two sets of calculations are in excellent agreement. Extensive comparisons are also made with other theoretical results and observed data from the CHIANTI and NIST databases. The present energies and wavelengths are believed to be accurate enough to aid line identifications involving the n = 3 and n = 4 configurations, for which observations are largely missing. The calculated wavelengths and transition data will be useful in the modeling and diagnostics of astrophysical and fusion plasmas.
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| 29. |
- Solmi, Marco, et al.
(författare)
-
Physical and mental health impact of COVID-19 on children, adolescents, and their families :
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 299, s. 367-376
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has altered daily routines and family functioning, led to closing schools, and dramatically limited social interactions worldwide. Measuring its impact on mental health of vulnerable children and adolescents is crucial. Methods: The Collaborative Outcomes study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times (COH-FIT - www. coh-fit.com) is an on-line anonymous survey, available in 30 languages, involving >230 investigators from 49 countries supported by national/international professional associations. COH-FIT has thee waves (until the pandemic is declared over by the WHO, and 6-18 months plus 24-36 months after its end). In addition to adults, COH-FIT also includes adolescents (age 14-17 years), and children (age 6-13 years), recruited via nonprobability/snowball and representative sampling and assessed via self-rating and parental rating. Nonmodifiable/modifiable risk factors/treatment targets to inform prevention/intervention programs to promote health and prevent mental and physical illness in children and adolescents will be generated by COH-FIT. Co primary outcomes are changes in well-being (WHO-5) and a composite psychopathology P-Score. Multiple behavioral, family, coping strategy and service utilization factors are also assessed, including functioning and quality of life. Results: Up to June 2021, over 13,000 children and adolescents from 59 countries have participated in the COHFIT project, with representative samples from eleven countries. Limitations: Cross-sectional and anonymous design. Conclusions: Evidence generated by COH-FIT will provide an international estimate of the COVID-19 effect on childrens, adolescents and families, mental and physical health, well-being, functioning and quality of life, informing the formulation of present and future evidence-based interventions and policies to minimize adverse effects of the present and future pandemics on youth.
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| 30. |
- Solmi, Marco, et al.
(författare)
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The collaborative outcomes study on health and functioning during infection times in adults (COH-FIT-Adults) : Design and methods of an international online survey targeting physical and mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 299, s. 393-407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: . High-quality comprehensive data on short-/long-term physical/mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are needed. Methods: . The Collaborative Outcomes study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times (COH-FIT) is an international, multi-language (n=30) project involving >230 investigators from 49 countries/territories/regions, endorsed by national/international professional associations. COH-FIT is a multi-wave, on-line anonymous, cross-sectional survey [wave 1: 04/2020 until the end of the pandemic, 12 months waves 2/3 starting 6/24 months threreafter] for adults, adolescents (14-17), and children (6-13), utilizing non-probability/snowball and representative sampling. COH-FIT aims to identify non-modifiable/modifiable risk factors/treatment targets to inform prevention/intervention programs to improve social/health outcomes in the general population/vulnerable subgrous during/after COVID-19. In adults, co-primary outcomes are change from pre-COVID-19 to intra-COVID-19 in well-being (WHO-5) and a composite psychopathology P-Score. Key secondary outcomes are a P-extended score, global mental and physical health. Secondary outcomes include health-service utilization/ functioning, treatment adherence, functioning, symptoms/behaviors/emotions, substance use, violence, among others. Results: . Starting 04/26/2020, up to 14/07/2021 >151,000 people from 155 countries/territories/regions and six continents have participated. Representative samples of >= 1,000 adults have been collected in 15 countries. Overall, 43.0% had prior physical disorders, 16.3% had prior mental disorders, 26.5% were health care workers, 8.2% were aged >= 65 years, 19.3% were exposed to someone infected with COVID-19, 76.1% had been in quarantine, and 2.1% had been COVID 19-positive. Limitations: . Cross-sectional survey, preponderance of non-representative participants. Conclusions: . Results from COH-FIT will comprehensively quantify the impact of COVID-19, seeking to identify high-risk groups in need for acute and long-term intervention, and inform evidence-based health policies/strategies during this/future pandemics.
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| 31. |
- Solmi, Marco, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of the Collaborative Outcomes study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times (COH-FIT) questionnaire for adults
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : ELSEVIER. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 326, s. 249-261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The Collaborative Outcome study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times (COH-FIT; www.coh-fit.com) is an anonymous and global online survey measuring health and functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to test concurrently the validity of COH-FIT items and the in-ternal validity of the co-primary outcome, a composite psychopathology "P-score". Methods: The COH-FIT survey has been translated into 30 languages (two blind forward-translations, consensus, one independent English back-translation, final harmonization). To measure mental health, 1-4 items ("COH-FIT items") were extracted from validated questionnaires (e.g. Patient Health Questionnaire 9). COH-FIT items measured anxiety, depressive, post-traumatic, obsessive-compulsive, bipolar and psychotic symptoms, as well as stress, sleep and concentration. COH-FIT Items which correlated r >= 0.5 with validated companion question-naires, were initially retained. A P-score factor structure was then identified from these items using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) on data split into training and validation sets. Consistency of results across languages, gender and age was assessed. Results: From >150,000 adult responses by May 6th, 2022, a subset of 22,456 completed both COH-FIT items and validated questionnaires. Concurrent validity was consistently demonstrated across different languages for COH-FIT items. CFA confirmed EFA results of five first-order factors (anxiety, depression, post-traumatic, psychotic, psychophysiologic symptoms) and revealed a single second-order factor P-score, with high internal reliability (omega = 0.95). Factor structure was consistent across age and sex. Conclusions: COH-FIT is a valid instrument to globally measure mental health during infection times. The P-score is a valid measure of multidimensional mental health.
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| 32. |
- Wang, Kai, et al.
(författare)
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Zinc anode based alkaline energy storage system: Recent progress and future perspectives of zinc–silver battery
- 2024
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Ingår i: Energy Storage Materials. - 2405-8297. ; 69
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rechargeable zinc-based batteries have come to the forefront of energy storage field with a surprising pace during last decade due to the advantageous safety, abundance and relatively low cost, making them important supplements of lithium-ion batteries. As a significant role in zinc-based batteries, zinc-silver battery owns the advantages of high specific energy density, stable working voltage, high charging efficiency, safety and environmental friendliness, and it has been widely used in military such as in aerospace, deep water manned and civil field such as energy supply for watch and hearing aid. However, it is still suffering from a few drawbacks such as unsatisfactory cycle life, low utilization of the cathode. This review introduces the basic principles of zinc-silver batteries and elaborates the battery configurations aiming to understand its working mechanisms as well as the related issues. Most importantly, the very recent research updates and the concerns have arisen in the development are summarized from conventional cell to flexible device and hybrid device. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of zinc-silver batteries are further prospected to give a broad idea to readers new in the area and trigger inspirations for motivated researchers to further widen the utilization of silver-zinc batteries.
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| 33. |
- Wang, Yuming, et al.
(författare)
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Origins of the open-circuit voltage in ternary organic solar cells and design rules for minimized voltage losses
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Energy. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2058-7546. ; 8:9, s. 978-988
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The power conversion efficiency of ternary organic solar cells (TOSCs), consisting of one host binary blend and one guest component, remains limited by large voltage losses. The fundamental understanding of the open-circuit voltage (V-OC) in TOSCs is controversial, limiting rational design of the guest component. In this study, we systematically investigate how the guest component affects the radiative and non-radiative related parts of V-OC of a series of TOSCs using the detailed balanced principle. We highlight that the thermal population of charge-transfer and local exciton states provided by the guest binary blend (that is, the guest-component-based binary blend) has a significant influence on the non-radiative voltage losses. Ultimately, we provide two design rules for enhancing the V-OC in TOSCs: high emission yield for the guest binary blend and similar charge-transfer-state energies for host/guest binary blends; high miscibility of the guest component with the low gap component in the host binary blend. The performance of ternary organic solar cells is limited by voltage losses. Using the detailed balance principle, Wang et al. show how the third component of the blend affects the open-circuit voltage and delineate molecular design rules.
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| 34. |
- Xiong, Min, et al.
(författare)
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Tailoring Phase Purity in the 2D/3D Perovskite Heterostructures Using Lattice Mismatch
- 2022
-
Ingår i: ACS Energy Letters. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 2380-8195. ; 7:1, s. 550-559
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although the fabrication of two-dimensional (2D)/three-dimensional (3D) halide perovskite heterostructures has been employed to balance the long-term stability and high efficiency of perovskite solar cells, the formation of metastable quasi-2D perovskites remains the most serious challenge. Here, we demonstrate that large lattice mismatch derived from halide and cation differences between 2D and 3D perovskites are key to avoiding the formation of unintended 2D phases in the preparation of 2D/3D bulk heterostructure because the phase transformation becomes less thermodynamically favorable. Specifically, by employing chloride 2D perovskite (PYA)(2) PbCl4 (PYA = propargylammonium) crystals into a 3D precursor solution, we achieve a phase-pure 2D/3D heterojunction with clean type-I band alignment, which exhibits greatly reduced charge recombination. Furthermore, the incorporation of alkyne perovskites is also shown to suppress iodine diffusion and formation due to their exceptional iodine capture capacity. The resultant 2D/3D heterostructured devices exhibited enhanced efficiencies and stabilities compared with their 3D counterparts.
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| 35. |
- Xu, F. L., et al.
(författare)
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Age-dependent acute interference with stem and progenitor cell proliferation in the hippocampus after exposure to 1800 MHz electromagnetic radiation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1536-8378 .- 1536-8386. ; 36:2, s. 158-166
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate the effects of exposure to an 1800 MHz electromagnetic field on cell death and cell proliferation in the developing brain, postnatal day 7 (P7) and P21 healthy Kunming mice were randomly assigned into the experimental and control groups. The experimental groups were exposed to an 1800 MHz electromagnetic field for 8 h daily for three consecutive days. The thymidine analog 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was injected intraperitoneally 1 h before each exposure session, and all animals were sacrificed 24 h after the last exposure. Cell death and proliferation markers were detected by immunohistochemistry in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Electromagnetic exposure has no influence on cell death in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in P7 and P21 mice as indicated by active caspase-3 immunostaining and Fluoro-Jade labeling. The basal cell proliferation in the hippocampus was higher in P7 than in P21 mice as indicated by the number of cells labeled with BrdU and by immunohistochemical staining for phosphor-histone H3 (PHH3) and brain lipid-binding protein (BLBP). Electromagnetic exposure stimulated DNA synthesis in P7 neural stem and progenitor cells, but reduced cell division and the total number of stem cells in the hippocampus as indicated by increased BrdU labeling and reduced PHH3 and BLBP labeling compared to P7 control mice. There were no significant changes in cell proliferation in P21 mice after exposure to the electromagnetic field. These results indicate that interference with stem cell proliferation upon short-term exposure to an 1800 MHz electromagnetic field depends on the developmental stage of the brain.
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| 36. |
- Zadeh, Iman Esmaeil, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient Single-Photon Detection with 7.7 ps Time Resolution for Photon-Correlation Measurements
- 2020
-
Ingår i: ACS Photonics. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 2330-4022. ; 7:7, s. 1780-1787
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A broad range of scientific and industrial disciplines require precise optical measurements at very low light levels. Single-photon detectors combining high efficiency and high time resolution are pivotal in such experiments. By using relatively thick films of NbTiN (8-11 nm) and improving the pattern fidelity of the nanostructure of the superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD), we fabricated devices demonstrating superior performance over all previously reported detectors in the combination of efficiency and time resolution. Our findings prove that small variations in the nanowire width, in the order of a few nanometers, can lead to a significant penalty on their temporal response. Addressing these issues, we consistently achieved high time resolution (best device 7.7 ps, other devices similar to 10-16 ps) simultaneously with high system detection efficiencies (80-90%) in the wavelength range of 780-1000 nm, as well as in the telecom bands (1310-1550 nm). The use of thicker films allowed us to fabricate large-area multipixel devices with homogeneous pixel performance. We first fabricated and characterized a 100 x 100 mu m(2) 16-pixel detector and showed there was little variation among individual pixels. Additionally, to showcase the power of our platform, we fabricated and characterized 4-pixel multimode fiber-coupled detectors and carried out photon-correlation experiments on a nanowire quantum dot resulting in g(2) (0) values lower than 0.04. The multipixel detectors alleviate the need for beamsplitters and can be used for higher order correlations with promising prospects not only in the field of quantum optics, but also in bioimaging applications, such as fluorescence microscopy and positron emission tomography.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Zou, Kai, et al.
(författare)
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Fractal superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors working in dual bands and their applications in free-space and underwater hybrid LIDAR
- 2023
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Ingår i: Optics Letters. - : Optica Publishing Group. - 0146-9592 .- 1539-4794. ; 48:2, s. 415-418
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate a fiber-coupled fractal superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) system with minimum polarization dependence of detection efficiency. Its system detection efficiency (SDE) was maximized at the wavelength of 1540 nm, which was measured to be 91 +/- 4%; furthermore, we observed the second local maximum of SDE at the wavelength of 520 nm, which was measured to be 61 +/- 2%. This dual-band feature of SDE was due to the enhancement of the optical absorptance by two longitudinal resonance modes of the micro-cavity. By using high SDE with minimum polarization dependence in these two bands, we implemented a hybrid LIDAR for imaging the remote objects in free space and under water.
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| 39. |
- Zou, Kai, et al.
(författare)
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Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors and Multi-Photon Detectors
- 2022
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Ingår i: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. - : Optica Publishing Group (formerly OSA).
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present our research progress in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) and multi-photon detectors (SNMPDs), including fractal SNSPDs with reduced polarization sensitivity, two mechanisms of device timing jitter, and SNMPDs integrated with current reservoirs.
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