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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Chen, Zhibin, et al.
(författare)
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Summary of the 3rd International Workshop on Gas-Dynamic Trap based Fusion Neutron Source (GDT-FNS)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 62:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 3rd International Workshop on Gas-Dynamic Trap-based Fusion Neutron Source (GDT-FNS) was held through the hybrid mode on 13-14 September 2021 in Hefei, China, jointly organized by the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP), Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS). It followed the 1st GDT-FNS Workshop held in November 2018 in Hefei, China, and the 2nd taking place in November 2019 in Novosibirsk, Russian Federation. With the financial support from CAS and China Association for Science and Technology (CAST), this workshop was attended by more than 80 participants representing 20 institutes and universities from seven countries, with oral presentations broadcast via the Zoom conferencing system. Twenty-two presentations were made with topics covering design and key technologies, simulation and experiments, steady-state operation, status of the ALIANCE project, multi applications of neutron sources, and other concepts (Tokamaks, Mirrors, FRC, Plasma Focus, etc). The workshop consensus was made including the establishment of the ALIANCE International Working Group. The next GDT-FNS workshop is planned to be held in May 2022 in Novosibirsk.
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| 5. |
- Cui, Wen, et al.
(författare)
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Reversible pressure-induced polymerization of Fe(C5H5)(2) doped C-70
- 2013
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Ingår i: Carbon. - : Pergamon-Elsevier Science. - 0008-6223 .- 1873-3891. ; 62, s. 447-454
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High pressure Raman, IR and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies have been carried out on C-70(Fe(C5H5)(2))(2) (hereafter, "C-70(Fc)(2)") sheets. Theoretical calculation is further used to analyze the Electron Localization Function (ELF) and charge transfer in the crystal and thus to understand the transformation of C-70(Fc)(2) under pressure. Our results show that even at room temperature dimeric phase and one dimensional (1D) polymer phase of C-70 molecules can be formed at about 3 and 8 GPa, respectively. The polymerization is found to be reversible Upon decompression and the reversibility is related to the pressure-tuned charge transfer, as well as the overridden steric repulsion of counter ions. According to the layered structure of the intercalated ferrocene molecules formed in the crystal, we suggest that ferrocene acts as not only a spacer to restrict the polymerization of C-70 molecules within a layer, but also as charge reservoir to tune the polymerization process. This supplies a possible way for us to design the polymerization of fullerenes at suitable conditions.
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| 7. |
- Karlsson, Erik A., et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis and Electron-Transfer Processes in a New Family of Ligands for Coupled Ru-Mn2 Complexes
- 2014
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Ingår i: ChemPlusChem. - : Wiley. - 2192-6506. ; 79:7, s. 936-950
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A series of [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+)-type (bpy= 2,2'-bipyridine) photosensitisers have been coupled to a ligand for Mn, which is expected to give a dinuclear complex that is active as a water oxidation catalyst. Unexpectedly, photophysical studies showed that the assemblies had very short lived excited states and that the decay patterns were complex and strongly dependent on pH. One dyad was prepared that was capable of catalysing chemical water oxidation by using [Ru(bpy)(3)](3+) as an oxidant. However, photochemical water oxidation in the presence of an external electron acceptor failed, presumably because the short excited-state lifetime precluded initial electron transfer to the added acceptor. The photophysical behaviour could be explained by the presence of an intricate excited-state manifold, as also suggested by time-dependent DFT calculations.
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| 8. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Sixth Visual Object Tracking VOT2018 Challenge Results
- 2019
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Ingår i: Computer Vision – ECCV 2018 Workshops. - Cham : Springer Publishing Company. - 9783030110086 - 9783030110093 ; , s. 3-53
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2018 is the sixth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of over eighty trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis and a “real-time” experiment simulating a situation where a tracker processes images as if provided by a continuously running sensor. A long-term tracking subchallenge has been introduced to the set of standard VOT sub-challenges. The new subchallenge focuses on long-term tracking properties, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. A new dataset has been compiled and a performance evaluation methodology that focuses on long-term tracking capabilities has been adopted. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term and the new long-term tracking subchallenges. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website (http://votchallenge.net).
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| 9. |
- Lensink, Marc F., et al.
(författare)
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Impact of AlphaFold on structure prediction of protein complexes: The CASP15-CAPRI experiment
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proteins. - : WILEY. - 0887-3585 .- 1097-0134.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the results for CAPRI Round 54, the 5th joint CASP-CAPRI protein assembly prediction challenge. The Round offered 37 targets, including 14 homodimers, 3 homo-trimers, 13 heterodimers including 3 antibody-antigen complexes, and 7 large assemblies. On average similar to 70 CASP and CAPRI predictor groups, including more than 20 automatics servers, submitted models for each target. A total of 21 941 models submitted by these groups and by 15 CAPRI scorer groups were evaluated using the CAPRI model quality measures and the DockQ score consolidating these measures. The prediction performance was quantified by a weighted score based on the number of models of acceptable quality or higher submitted by each group among their five best models. Results show substantial progress achieved across a significant fraction of the 60+ participating groups. High-quality models were produced for about 40% of the targets compared to 8% two years earlier. This remarkable improvement is due to the wide use of the AlphaFold2 and AlphaFold2-Multimer software and the confidence metrics they provide. Notably, expanded sampling of candidate solutions by manipulating these deep learning inference engines, enriching multiple sequence alignments, or integration of advanced modeling tools, enabled top performing groups to exceed the performance of a standard AlphaFold2-Multimer version used as a yard stick. This notwithstanding, performance remained poor for complexes with antibodies and nanobodies, where evolutionary relationships between the binding partners are lacking, and for complexes featuring conformational flexibility, clearly indicating that the prediction of protein complexes remains a challenging problem.
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| 11. |
- Ren, Tie-Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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Single crystal manganese oxide hexagonal plates with regulated mesoporous structures
- 2008
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Ingår i: Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 1387-1811 .- 1873-3093. ; 112:03-jan, s. 467-473
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Porous hexagonal plates of manganese oxides are prepared by a simple hydrothermal method from metal Mn foils/powders and manganese acetate precursors tinder basic conditions. The oriented aggregation-based assembly of the nanoparticles of mixed feitknechtite and hausmannite phases gave rise to well-defined hexagonal nanoplates with irregular mesopores of similar to 5 nm in size. The hexagonal plate-like morphology was retained after calcination, and mesoporous single-crystalline Mn5O8 and alpha-Mn2O3 plates were obtained after calcinations at 400 and 700 degrees C, respectively. The interior mesopores in each plate were enlarged with the increase of calcination temperature, and turned out to be regular-shaped, i.e. polyhedral or even well-defined rectangular. Furthermore, 700 degrees C-calcination led to the fusion of nanocrystals into structurally uniform alpha-Mn2O3 crystals of hexagonal plates with regular-shaped mesoporous structure. X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, and nitrogen sorption analysis were employed to characterize these porous nanoplates. Such mesoporous hexagonal nanoplates of manganese oxides with high crystallinity may have many applications.
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| 12. |
- Ren, Tie-zhen, et al.
(författare)
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SU-57 – An aluminosilicogermanate with a DFT topology and variable compositions
- 2009
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Ingår i: Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 1387-1811 .- 1873-3093. ; 117:1-2, s. 285-291
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An aluminosilicogermanate with a DFT zeotype framework (denoted as SU-57) was synthesized for the first time by ethanol-assisted hydrothermal synthesis at 160 and 170 °C. The compound was characterized by single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetry (TG) and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. SU-57 crystallizes in space group P42/n with estimated a ≈ 10.38–10.46 Å, c ≈ 8.88–8.91 Å, V ≈ 957–975 Å3. It has variable Al–Si–Ge composition with an approximate formula |C2H10N2| [Al(SixGe1−x)O4]2 (x ≈ 0.3–0.9), which results in a super-structure originated from different cation occupancies of the two unique tetrahedral (T) sites. Single crystal X-ray structure refinements, together with results from X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and EDS analysis, showed that (i) the AlO4 and (Si, Ge)O4 tetrahedra are only partially ordered over the DFT framework and do not follow a strict alternating manner. (ii) Al resides predominantly on one T site and Si and Ge predominantly on the other. (iii) The Al cation concentration (Al/(Al + Si + Ge)) is nearly constant and slightly less than 50 at%, while the Si and Ge cation concentrations vary over a large range. (iv) Al and Ge occupy both T sites. The cation disorder was confirmed by 27Al and 29Si solid state NMR. TG analysis and in situ XRPD showed that SU-57 was stable up to 375 °C in N2 atmosphere.
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| 14. |
- Richards, Stephen, et al.
(författare)
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The genome of the model beetle and pest Tribolium castaneum.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nature. - 1476-4687. ; 452:7190, s. 949-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tribolium castaneum is a representative of earth’s most numerous eukaryotic order, a powerful model organism for the study of generalized insect development, and also an important pest of stored agricultural products. We describe its genome sequence here. This omnivorous beetle has evolved an ability to interact with a diverse chemical environment as evidenced by large expansions in odorant and gustatory receptors, as well as p450 and other detoxification enzymes. Developmental patterns in Tribolium are more representative of other arthropods than those found in Drosophila, a fact represented in gene content and function. For one, Tribolium has retained more ancestral genes involved in cell-cell communication than Drosophila, and some are expressed in the growth zone crucial for axial elongation in short germ development. Systemic RNAi in T. castaneum appears to use mechanisms distinct from those found in C. elegans, but nevertheless offers similar power for the elucidation of gene function and identification of targets for selective insect control.
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| 15. |
- Tan, Zhifei, et al.
(författare)
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Multiscale characterization and modeling of aggregate contact effects on asphalt concrete's tension–compression asymmetry
- 2023
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Ingår i: Materials & design. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-1275 .- 1873-4197. ; 232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Asphalt concrete (AC) exhibits significant tension–compression (TC) asymmetry and aggregate contacts can be one of the critical contributors to this behavior. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear, and there has been no study to quantify this behavior. To fill the research gap, multiscale characterization and modeling on AC were performed in this study. At the microscale level, nanoindentation tests were conducted to characterize the aggregate contact characteristics in the contact region (CR). The CR was found to have a sandwich-like structure consisting of two interfacial layers, large filler particles, and asphalt mastic. Accordingly, micromechanical models of CR were developed to predict its mechanical behavior in tension and compresison (T&C). The modeling results showed that aggregate contacts significantly increase the compressive modulus, leading to the substantial TC asymmetry of CR. The predicted viscoelastic properties of CR were further applied to the developed mesostructural model of AC. The predicted master curves in T&C showed significant asymmetry and quantitatively agreed with the experimental ones, demonstrating the effectiveness of the adopted modeling approaches. This study is the first study to quantify the asymmetric performance of AC. The outcomes can be applied to evaluate AC's TC asymmetry effects on pavement performance.
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| 16. |
- Tan, Zhifei, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical modeling of the mechanical response of asphalt concrete in tension and compression
- 2023
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Ingår i: Mechanics of materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-6636 .- 1872-7743. ; 187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Asphalt concrete (AC) shows significant tension-compression (TC) asymmetry, i.e., different properties in tension and compression (T&C). This asymmetry may profoundly affect AC's performance and deterioration in the field, but limited studies have been performed to quantify this behavior. This study aims to quantitively characterize the global and local mechanical responses of AC in T&C through numerical modeling. To this end, three AC mixtures: the gap-graded SMA10, dense-graded AC20, and open-graded mixtures PA13, were evaluated experimentally and numerically. Digital image processing was used to generate image-based AC models with contact regions (CR), and dynamic simulations were conducted using the steady-state dynamics (SSD) approach. The results indicated that the measured and predicted master curves for AC in T&C qualitatively agree and demonstrate significant asymmetry, with higher moduli but lower phase angles in compression compared to tension. Among the mixtures, PA13 exhibited the most pronounced asymmetry, followed by SMA10 and AC20. Statistical analyses of local stress and strain found that the stress and strain in different phases show significant variations, with more pronounced disparities observed at lower frequencies. Notably, at 10−6 Hz for PA13 in compression, the stress within the aggregate phase exceeded that of the matrix phase by over 250 times, while the strain within the matrix phase surpassed the aggregate phase by more than 600 times. To enhance pavement durability, it is recommended to consider AC's TC asymmetry in pavement design.
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| 17. |
- Wang, Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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Dual-Tunable Structural Colors from Liquid-Infused Aerogels
- 2020
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Ingår i: Advanced Optical Materials. - : Wiley. - 2162-7568 .- 2195-1071. ; 8:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Herein, dual-tunable structural colors generated from liquid-infused, robust silsesquioxane aerogels due to the specific light scattering by the aerogel skeleton in liquids with matching refractive indices, are reported. The colors are tunable by changing the temperature and the composition of the liquid that roots from the coherence between the colors and the refractive index of the infused liquid. The finding provides new insights and tools for constructing structural colors and light management. It also opens applications of stimuli-responsive smart windows, displays, and sensors. Taking advantage of the penetrable light of selected wavelength, the 3D structures of aerogel skeletons are reconstructed by an optical method, which provides a facile alternative approach to characterizing aerogel structure and will be instrumental to the understanding of the relationship between skeleton structure and mechanical property of porous 3D structures.
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| 18. |
- Zou, Jiazhi, et al.
(författare)
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Porphyrins containing a tetraphenylethylene-substituted phenothiazine donor for fabricating efficient dye sensitized solar cells with high photovoltages
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 10:3, s. 1320-1328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the aim to enhance the photovoltages and efficiencies of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on porphyrin dyes, a dialkoxy-substituted highly twisted tetraphenylethylene (TPE) moiety has been introduced into the donor unit of a porphyrin dye to suppress dye aggregation and charge recombination. Thus, based on our previously reported porphyrin dye XW43, a dialkoxy-TPE moiety has been introduced into the phenothiazine donor to afford XW71. Compared with the diethyleneglycol substituent in XW43, the bulkier dialkoxy-TPE unit in XW71 is more beneficial for suppressing charge recombination. The alkoxy chains on the TPE moieties in XW71 are extended outward from the molecule and folded toward the porphyrin macrocycle, respectively, favorable for suppressing dye aggregation and charge recombination. As a result, the V-OC was dramatically improved from 0.750 V (XW43) to 0.765 V (XW71). On this basis, the substituents surrounding the porphyrin macrocycle have been optimized to further improve the V-OC and the efficiencies. Thus, XW72 and XW73 have been synthesized by replacing the dodecyloxy moieties on the meso-phenyl substituents of XW71 with two diethyleneglycol (DEG) chains and double straps, respectively. As a result, XW72 and XW73 exhibit a gradually improved V-OC of 0.772 V and 0.777 V, respectively, and a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.0% has been achieved for XW73. Upon coadsorption and cosensitization, the efficiency can be further enhanced to an outstanding value of 12.3% for the XW73 + CDCA + XC3 system.
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| 19. |
- Zou, Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative genomic analysis of the Tribolium immune system.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Genome Biol. - 1465-6914. ; 8:8, s. R177.1-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Tribolium castaneum is a species of Coleoptera, the largest and most diverse order of all eukaryotes. Components of the innate immune system are hardly known in this insect, which is in a key phylogenetic position to inform us about genetic innovations accompanying the evolution of holometabolous insects. We have annotated immunity-related genes and compared them with homologous molecules from other species. RESULTS: Around 300 candidate defense proteins are identified based on sequence similarity to homologs known to participate in immune responses. In most cases, paralog counts are lower than those of Drosophila melanogaster or Anopheles gambiae but are substantially higher than Apis mellifera. The genome contains probable orthologs for nearly all members of the Toll, IMD, and JAK/STAT pathways. While total numbers of the clip-domain serine proteinases are approximately equal in the fly (29), mosquito (32) and beetle (30), lineage-specific expansion of the family is discovered in all three species. Sixteen of the thirty-one serpin genes form a large cluster in a 50 kb region resulted from extensive gene duplications. Among the nine Toll-like proteins, four are orthologous to Drosophila Toll. The presence of scavenger receptors and other related proteins indicates a role of cellular responses in the entire system. The structures of some antimicrobial peptides drastically differ from those in other orders of insects. CONCLUSIONS: A framework of information on Tribolium immunity is established, which may serve as a stepping stone for future genetic analyses of defense responses in a nondrosophiline genetic model insect.
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