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| 5. |
- Bethlehem, RAI, et al.
(författare)
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Brain charts for the human lifespan
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 604:79057906, s. 525-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past few decades, neuroimaging has become a ubiquitous tool in basic research and clinical studies of the human brain. However, no reference standards currently exist to quantify individual differences in neuroimaging metrics over time, in contrast to growth charts for anthropometric traits such as height and weight1. Here we assemble an interactive open resource to benchmark brain morphology derived from any current or future sample of MRI data (http://www.brainchart.io/). With the goal of basing these reference charts on the largest and most inclusive dataset available, acknowledging limitations due to known biases of MRI studies relative to the diversity of the global population, we aggregated 123,984 MRI scans, across more than 100 primary studies, from 101,457 human participants between 115 days post-conception to 100 years of age. MRI metrics were quantified by centile scores, relative to non-linear trajectories2 of brain structural changes, and rates of change, over the lifespan. Brain charts identified previously unreported neurodevelopmental milestones3, showed high stability of individuals across longitudinal assessments, and demonstrated robustness to technical and methodological differences between primary studies. Centile scores showed increased heritability compared with non-centiled MRI phenotypes, and provided a standardized measure of atypical brain structure that revealed patterns of neuroanatomical variation across neurological and psychiatric disorders. In summary, brain charts are an essential step towards robust quantification of individual variation benchmarked to normative trajectories in multiple, commonly used neuroimaging phenotypes.
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| 6. |
- Hlozek, R., et al.
(författare)
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Results of the Photometric LSST Astronomical Time-series Classification Challenge (PLAsTiCC)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 267:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Next-generation surveys like the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) on the Vera C. Rubin Observatory (Rubin) will generate orders of magnitude more discoveries of transients and variable stars than previous surveys. To prepare for this data deluge, we developed the Photometric LSST Astronomical Time-series Classification Challenge (PLAsTiCC), a competition that aimed to catalyze the development of robust classifiers under LSST-like conditions of a nonrepresentative training set for a large photometric test set of imbalanced classes. Over 1000 teams participated in PLAsTiCC, which was hosted in the Kaggle data science competition platform between 2018 September 28 and 2018 December 17, ultimately identifying three winners in 2019 February. Participants produced classifiers employing a diverse set of machine-learning techniques including hybrid combinations and ensemble averages of a range of approaches, among them boosted decision trees, neural networks, and multilayer perceptrons. The strong performance of the top three classifiers on Type Ia supernovae and kilonovae represent a major improvement over the current state of the art within astronomy. This paper summarizes the most promising methods and evaluates their results in detail, highlighting future directions both for classifier development and simulation needs for a next-generation PLAsTiCC data set.
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| 7. |
- Jacobsson, Jesper, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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An open-access database and analysis tool for perovskite solar cells based on the FAIR data principles
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Energy. - : Springer Nature. - 2058-7546. ; 7:1, s. 107-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large datasets are now ubiquitous as technology enables higher-throughput experiments, but rarely can a research field truly benefit from the research data generated due to inconsistent formatting, undocumented storage or improper dissemination. Here we extract all the meaningful device data from peer-reviewed papers on metal-halide perovskite solar cells published so far and make them available in a database. We collect data from over 42,400 photovoltaic devices with up to 100 parameters per device. We then develop open-source and accessible procedures to analyse the data, providing examples of insights that can be gleaned from the analysis of a large dataset. The database, graphics and analysis tools are made available to the community and will continue to evolve as an open-source initiative. This approach of extensively capturing the progress of an entire field, including sorting, interactive exploration and graphical representation of the data, will be applicable to many fields in materials science, engineering and biosciences.
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| 8. |
- Sun, M. D., et al.
(författare)
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New short-lived isotope 223Np and the absence of the Z = 92 subshell closure near N = 126
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 771, s. 303-308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The N=130 short-lived isotope 223Np was produced as evaporation residue (ER) in the fusion reaction 40Ar + 187Re at the gas-filled recoil separator Spectrometer for Heavy Atom and Nuclear Structure (SHANS). It was identified through temporal and spatial correlations with α decays of 215Ac and/or 211Fr, the third and fourth members of the α-decay chain starting from 223Np. The pileup signals of ER(223Np)–α(223Np)–α(219Pa) were resolved by using the digital pulse processing technique. An α decay with half-life of T1/2=2.15(52100) μs and energy of Eα=9477(44) keV was attributed to 223Np. Spin and parity of 9/2− were tentatively proposed for the ground state of 223Np by combining the reduced α-decay width and large-scale shell-model calculations. This assignment together with the proton separation energy disprove the existence of a Z=92 subshell closure.
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| 9. |
- Huang, Hongyun, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical Cell Therapy Guidelines for Neurorestoration (IANR/CANR 2017)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cell Transplantation. - : SAGE Publications. - 0963-6897 .- 1555-3892. ; 27:2, s. 310-324
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cell therapy has been shown to be a key clinical therapeutic option for central nervous system diseases or damage. Standardization of clinical cell therapy procedures is an important task for professional associations devoted to cell therapy. The Chinese Branch of the International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR) completed the first set of guidelines governing the clinical application of neurorestoration in 2011. The IANR and the Chinese Association of Neurorestoratology (CANR) collaborated to propose the current version "Clinical Cell Therapy Guidelines for Neurorestoration (IANR/CANR 2017)". The IANR council board members and CANR committee members approved this proposal on September 1, 2016, and recommend it to clinical practitioners of cellular therapy. These guidelines include items of cell type nomenclature, cell quality control, minimal suggested cell doses, patient-informed consent, indications for undergoing cell therapy, contraindications for undergoing cell therapy, documentation of procedure and therapy, safety evaluation, efficacy evaluation, policy of repeated treatments, do not charge patients for unproven therapies, basic principles of cell therapy, and publishing responsibility.
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| 10. |
- Wu, Xifeng, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic variation in the prostate stem cell antigen gene PSCA confers susceptibility to urinary bladder cancer.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 41:9, s. 991-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We conducted a genome-wide association study on 969 bladder cancer cases and 957 controls from Texas. For fast-track validation, we evaluated 60 SNPs in three additional US populations and validated the top SNP in nine European populations. A missense variant (rs2294008) in the PSCA gene showed consistent association with bladder cancer in US and European populations. Combining all subjects (6,667 cases, 39,590 controls), the overall P-value was 2.14 x 10(-10) and the allelic odds ratio was 1.15 (95% confidence interval 1.10-1.20). rs2294008 alters the start codon and is predicted to cause truncation of nine amino acids from the N-terminal signal sequence of the primary PSCA translation product. In vitro reporter gene assay showed that the variant allele significantly reduced promoter activity. Resequencing of the PSCA genomic region showed that rs2294008 is the only common missense SNP in PSCA. Our data identify rs2294008 as a new bladder cancer susceptibility locus.
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| 11. |
- Yin, XY, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies multiple novel associations and ethnic heterogeneity of psoriasis susceptibility
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 6, s. 6916-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease with complex genetics and different degrees of prevalence across ethnic populations. Here we present the largest trans-ethnic genome-wide meta-analysis (GWMA) of psoriasis in 15,369 cases and 19,517 controls of Caucasian and Chinese ancestries. We identify four novel associations at LOC144817, COG6, RUNX1 and TP63, as well as three novel secondary associations within IFIH1 and IL12B. Fine-mapping analysis of MHC region demonstrates an important role for all three HLA class I genes and a complex and heterogeneous pattern of HLA associations between Caucasian and Chinese populations. Further, trans-ethnic comparison suggests population-specific effect or allelic heterogeneity for 11 loci. These population-specific effects contribute significantly to the ethnic diversity of psoriasis prevalence. This study not only provides novel biological insights into the involvement of immune and keratinocyte development mechanism, but also demonstrates a complex and heterogeneous genetic architecture of psoriasis susceptibility across ethnic populations.
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| 12. |
- Yu, Y. F., et al.
(författare)
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Compound climate extremes in China: Trends, causes, and projections
- 2023
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-8095. ; 286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human society and ecosystems are impacted by climate extremes more than by climate averages. In contrast with climate extremes that are driven by individual climatic variables, compound climate extremes stem from a combination of multiple climatic drivers and usually lead to more severe risks than the former extremes do. The influences of the drivers for compound climate extremes are strengthening under global warming. Firstly, this review details the development of the definition of compound climate extremes over recent years and describes different types of events, such as compound drought and heatwave extremes (CDHEs), compound day and night heat extremes (CDNHEs), and compound flooding (CF). Secondly, historical trends in compound climate ex-tremes in China over the past half-century, and projections of future trends under different scenarios, are dis-cussed. For example, this study points out that a large part of China has experienced longer, stronger, and more frequent CDHEs than other parts of the country. CDHEs have followed a significantly increasing trend since the 1990s, and this trend is projected to strengthen further under different scenarios in the future. Thirdly, this study reviews different potential causes for compound climate extremes, including the internal variability of the climate system (e.g., land and atmosphere feedbacks, large-scale circulation patterns) and external anthropo-genic forcings (e.g., urbanization and anthropogenic emissions). In this study, we summarize risks from different perspectives by considering interactions between hazards, vulnerability, and exposure. Many studies show that risks to infrastructural damage and population exposure are projected to increase in the future, and that crop yields and ecosystem gross primary production are likely to reduce. Finally, we generalize our study and show that there is an urgent need for a comprehensive study of different combinations of compound events. We argue that it is important that we understand the key dynamic and thermal processes that are modulated by specific drivers and investigate the uncertainty in the projected variabilities for compound climate extremes. This re-quires interdisciplinary collaboration and will allow appropriate risk adaptation strategies to be developed. There has been great progress in research into compound climate extremes; however, an improved understanding of the mechanisms and risks is necessary as a theoretical basis for more effective climate adaptation policies.
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| 14. |
- Yuki, Y, et al.
(författare)
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Lactobacilli as a Vector for Delivery of Nanobodies against Norovirus Infection
- 2023
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Ingår i: Pharmaceutics. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4923. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Passive administration of neutralizing antibodies (Abs) is an attractive strategy for the control of gastrointestinal infections. However, an unanswered practical concern is the need to assure the stability of sufficient amounts of orally administered neutralizing Abs against intestinal pathogens (e.g., norovirus) in the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract. To this end, we expressed a single-domain Ab (VHH, nanobody) against norovirus on the cell surface of Lactobacillus, a natural and beneficial commensal component of the gut microbiome. First, we used intestinal epithelial cells generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells to confirm that VHH 1E4 showed neutralizing activity against GII.17 norovirus. We then expressed VHH 1E4 as a cell-wall–anchored form in Lactobacillus paracasei BL23. Flow cytometry confirmed the expression of VHH 1E4 on the surface of lactobacilli, and L. paracasei that expressed VHH 1E4 inhibited the replication of GII.17 norovirus in vitro. We then orally administered VHH 1E4-expressing L. paracasei BL23 to germ-free BALB/c mice and confirmed the presence of lactobacilli with neutralizing activity in the intestine for at least 10 days after administration. Thus, cell-wall-anchored VHH-displaying lactobacilli are attractive oral nanobody deliver vectors for passive immunization against norovirus infection.
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| 15. |
- Zuo, H., et al.
(författare)
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Vitamin B6 catabolism and lung cancer risk : Results from the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium (LC3)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Annals of Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0923-7534 .- 1569-8041. ; 30:3, s. 478-485
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Increased vitamin B6 catabolism related to inflammation, as measured by the PAr index (the ratio of 4-pyridoxic acid over the sum of pyridoxal and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate), has been positively associated with lung cancer risk in two prospective European studies. However, the extent to which this association translates to more diverse populations is not known. Materials and methods For this study, we included 5323 incident lung cancer cases and 5323 controls individually matched by age, sex, and smoking status within each of 20 prospective cohorts from the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium. Cohort-specific odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between PAr and lung cancer risk were calculated using conditional logistic regression and pooled using random-effects models. Results PAr was positively associated with lung cancer risk in a dose-response fashion. Comparing the fourth versus first quartiles of PAr resulted in an OR of 1.38 (95% CI: 1.19-1.59) for overall lung cancer risk. The association between PAr and lung cancer risk was most prominent in former smokers (OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.36-2.10), men (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.28-2.00), and for cancers diagnosed within 3 years of blood draw (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.34-2.23). Conclusion Based on pre-diagnostic data from 20 cohorts across 4 continents, this study confirms that increased vitamin B6 catabolism related to inflammation and immune activation is associated with a higher risk of developing lung cancer. Moreover, PAr may be a pre-diagnostic marker of lung cancer rather than a causal factor.
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| 16. |
- Aleksandrova, Krasimira, et al.
(författare)
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A prospective study of the immune system activation biomarker neopterin and colorectal cancer risk
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press. - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 107:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Neopterin may be relevant for colorectal cancer (CRC) development, as a biomarker of cellular immune activity exerting pleiotropic effects on cellular ageing, oxidative stress, and inflammation. So far, the association between prediagnostic neopterin and colon and rectal cancer risk has not been evaluated in human populations. Methods: A nested case-control study was conducted within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort using data on plasma concentrations of total neopterin (T-N, sum of neopterin and 7,8-dihydroneopterin) in 830 incident CRC case patients (561 colon and 269 rectal) matched within risk sets to 830 control participants. A subsequent replication study used data from the Hordaland Health Study, where 173 CRC case patients have been diagnosed among 6594 healthy participants over 12 years of follow-up. Results: After multivariable adjustment for a priori chosen CRC risk factors, a "U-shaped" association of T-N with CRC was revealed. Compared with the second quintile of the T-N distribution, the relative risks for the first, third, fourth, and fifth quintiles were 2.37 (95% CI = 1.66 to 3.39), 1.24 (95% CI = 0.87 to 1.77), 1.55 (95% CI = 1.08 to 2.22), and 2.31 (95% CI = 1.63 to 3.27), respectively. Replication of these associations within the Hordaland Health Study yielded similar results. No differences have been observed when the associations were explored by colon and rectal cancer site (two-sided P-difference = .87) and after excluding case patients diagnosed within the first four follow-up years. Conclusions: These novel findings provide evidence of the role of both suppressed and activated cell-mediated immunity as reflected by prediagnostic T-N concentrations in the development of CRC.
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| 19. |
- Cai, Z. Y., et al.
(författare)
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Interdecadal variability of the warm Arctic-cold Eurasia pattern linked to the Barents oscillation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-8095. ; 287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Observed winter near-surface air temperature anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere have exhibited a warm Arctic-cold Eurasia (WACE) pattern with interdecadal variation in recent decades, but the exact mechanism behind WACE is still under debate. This study used reanalysis data and climate model simulations to investigate the interdecadal variability of the WACE pattern on a centennial scale, as well as the role of atmospheric circulations. It is found that the second mode of atmospheric variability over the North Atlantic-Arctic region, known as the Barents oscillation (BO), played a dominant role in regulating the interdecadal variability of WACE. The atmospheric circulation associated with the positive phase of the BO corresponds to an anomalous enhancement of the quasi-barotropic anticyclone near the southern Barents-Kara Seas (BKS) and the North Atlantic, as well as a weakening of the mid-latitude westerly jet. This atmospheric circulation anomaly favors the northward transport of atmospheric heat and moisture to the BKS from the mid-latitudes, resulting in an increased air temperature through downward longwave radiation. Concurrently cold air is transported from the polar region to Central Eurasia (CE), decreasing air temperature over CE. The amplified temperature anomaly dipole results in the decadal enhancement of the WACE pattern. The atmospheric circulation anomalies related to the negative phase of the BO are the opposite, which in turn leads to the decadal weakening of the WACE pattern. Our results further support the important role of internal atmospheric variability in the formation of WACE and emphasize that the atmospheric circulation associated with the BO is the main driver of WACE decadal variability over the past century.
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| 20. |
- Chen, Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Association of Long-Term Body Weight Variability With Dementia : A Prospective Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1079-5006 .- 1758-535X. ; 77:10, s. 2116-2122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Body weight variability (BWV) refers to intraindividual weight loss and gain over a period. The association of long-term BWV with dementia remains unclear and whether this association is beyond body weight change is undetermined.Methods: In the Health and Retirement Study, a total of 5 547 dementia-free participants (56.7% women; mean [SD] age, 71.1 [3.2] years) at baseline (2008) were followed up to 8 years (mean = 6.8 years) to detect incident dementia. Body weight was self-reported biennially from 1992 to 2008. BWV was measured as the coefficient of variation utilizing the body weight reported 9 times across 16 years before baseline. Cox-proportional hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).Results: Among the 5 547 participants, a total of 427 incident dementia cases were identified during follow-up. Greater long-term BWV was significantly associated with a higher risk of dementia (HR comparing extreme quartiles: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.48-2.72; HR of each SD increment: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.10-1.32; p-trend < .001) independent of mean body weight and body weight change. This significant association was even observed for BWV estimated approximately 15 years preceding dementia diagnosis (HR of each SD increment: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03-1.23) and was more pronounced for that closer to diagnosis.Conclusion: Our prospective study suggested that greater BWV may be a novel risk factor for dementia.
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| 25. |
- Hung, Rayjean J., et al.
(författare)
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Lung Cancer Risk in Never-Smokers of European Descent is Associated With Genetic Variation in the 5(p)15.33 TERT-CLPTM1Ll Region
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Thoracic Oncology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 1556-0864 .- 1556-1380. ; 14:8, s. 1360-1369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Inherited susceptibility to lung cancer risk in never-smokers is poorly understood. The major reason for this gap in knowledge is that this disease is relatively uncommon (except in Asians), making it difficult to assemble an adequate study sample. In this study we conducted a genome-wide association study on the largest, to date, set of European-descent never-smokers with lung cancer. Methods: We conducted a two-phase (discovery and replication) genome-wide association study in never-smokers of European descent. We further augmented the sample by performing a meta-analysis with never-smokers from the recent OncoArray study, which resulted in a total of 3636 cases and 6295 controls. We also compare our findings with those in smokers with lung cancer. Results: We detected three genome-wide statistically significant single nucleotide polymorphisms rs31490 (odds ratio [OR]: 0.769, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.722-0.820; p value 5.31 x 10(-16)), rs380286 (OR: 0.770, 95% CI: 0.723-0.820; p value 4.32 x 10(-16)), and rs4975616 OR: 0.778, 95% CI: 0.730-0.829; p value 1.04 x 10(-14)). All three mapped to Chromosome 5 CLPTM1L-TERT region, previously shown to be associated with lung cancer risk in smokers and in never-smoker Asian women, and risk of other cancers including breast, ovarian, colorectal, and prostate. Conclusions: We found that genetic susceptibility to lung cancer in never-smokers is associated to genetic variants with pan-cancer risk effects. The comparison with smokers shows that top variants previously shown to be associated with lung cancer risk only confer risk in the presence of tobacco exposure, underscoring the importance of gene-environment interactions in the etiology of this disease. (C) 2019 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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| 26. |
- Jiang, S., et al.
(författare)
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Deformation incompatibility enables hetero-deformation induced strengthening in Ti/Nb laminates
- 2023
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Ingår i: Materials Research Letters. - : Taylor & Francis Inc. - 2166-3831. ; 11:2, s. 126-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPACT STATEMENT The phase-to-phase interaction is found to be an important indicator for evaluating the HDI strengthening and hardening in heterogeneous laminates, and the microstress analysis can guide the design of heterostructures. Deformation incompatibility in Ti/Nb laminates under uniaxial tension was revealed by in-situ neutron diffraction. During uniform deformation of the bulk laminates, the hard Nb constrained by the soft Ti showed moderate work hardening and only slightly decreased flow stress. The mechanical incompatibility accumulated in both elastic and elasto-plastic regimes between the metals lead to pronounced hetero-deformation induced (HDI) strengthening, and the HDI stress was comparable to the maximum phase-to-phase interaction. The HDI hardening and interphase stress showed consistent evolution trends, implying that the interaction between dissimilar metals can be used as an important indicator for evaluating HDI strengthening and hardening.
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| 27. |
- Jiang, S., et al.
(författare)
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Micromechanical behavior of multilayered Ti/Nb composites processed by accumulative roll bonding : An in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction investigation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - Oxford, United Kingdom : Elsevier. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heterophase interfaces play a crucial role in deformation microstructures and thus govern mechanical properties of multilayered composites. Here, we fabricated Ti/Nb multilayers by accumulative roll bonding (ARB) where shear bands became predominant with increasing rolling cycles. To explore correlation between micromechanical behavior and mechanical properties of the composites with various lamellar morphologies, in-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction tensile tests were performed. The results quantitatively reveal that the rapid strengthening of the composites with increasing ARB cycles mainly originates from the Nb layers strengthened by dislocations, grain boundaries and heterophase interfaces, and the {211} grains mostly contribute to the global strain hardening. The softer Ti grains also extend global strain hardening to a wide range and postpone necking. Furthermore, complete stress state analysis show that in the presence of extensive shear bands, significant load partitioning between the neighboring metals leads to triaxial stresses in each constituent and dislocations tend to slip along the shear direction. This promotes dislocation multiplication and motion, which is conducive to overall strength enhancement while maintaining a satisfactory ductility. These findings elucidate the effect of strong constraints of the interfaces on mechanical properties, which provides a fundamental understanding of load partitioning and strengthening mechanisms of the multilayers processed by multiple ARB cycles.
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| 28. |
- Jiang, S., et al.
(författare)
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Unraveling dislocation-type evolution dominated strain hardening in laminated Ti/Nb composites
- 2022
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Ingår i: Materials Science & Engineering. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0921-5093 .- 1873-4936. ; 851
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dislocation behavior in laminated metallic composites (LMCs) plays a pivotal role in strength and ductility of bulk materials. Here, we studied evolutions of geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) and statistically stored dislocations (SSDs) as well as their effects on strain hardening in the uniaxially deformed Ti/Nb LMCs fabricated by accumulative roll bonding plus the subsequent annealing. By combining in-situ neutron diffraction and ex-situ electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) techniques, for the first time, we quantitatively reveal that dislocation evolutions in the laminates are independent of initial layer thickness within the micron scale. As the applied strain reaches the uniform elongation stage, GND density in Ti increases remarkably by an order of magnitude in all laminates, while that in Nb almost remains unchanged. Besides, the total dislocation density in Ti develops rapidly with deformation, whereas the SSD density does not increase monotonically. In Nb, both total dislocation density and SSD density increase significantly below 0.02 true strain, and gradually saturate in the late stage of strain hardening. During the whole plastic deformation, Nb bears more stress and dominates the global hardening because of the significant development of SSDs in this metal. Importantly, the strengthening induced by heterophase interfaces is more significant in the softer Ti in which GNDs are extensively activated, and SSDs only marginally contribute to the heterophase interface strengthening. These findings provide insights into the exploration of deformation mechanisms in materials with laminated and gradient structures, and also guide the development of LMCs with advanced mechanical properties.
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| 29. |
- Jiang, Wenyu, et al.
(författare)
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Resolving Quantum Interference Black Box through Attosecond Photoionization Spectroscopy
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007. ; 131:20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiphoton light-matter interactions invoke a so-called "black box"in which the experimental observations contain the quantum interference between multiple pathways. Here, we employ polarization-controlled attosecond photoelectron metrology with a partial wave manipulator to deduce the pathway interference within this quantum 'black box"for the two-photon ionization of neon atoms. The angle-dependent and attosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectra are measured across a broad energy range. Two-photon phase shifts for each partial wave are reconstructed through the comprehensive analysis of these photoelectron spectra. We resolve the quantum interference between the degenerate p→d→p and p→s→p two-photon ionization pathways, in agreement with our theoretical simulations. Our approach thus provides an attosecond time-resolved microscope to look inside the "black box"of pathway interference in ultrafast dynamics of atoms, molecules, and condensed matter.
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| 30. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Sixth Visual Object Tracking VOT2018 Challenge Results
- 2019
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Ingår i: Computer Vision – ECCV 2018 Workshops. - Cham : Springer Publishing Company. - 9783030110086 - 9783030110093 ; , s. 3-53
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2018 is the sixth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of over eighty trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis and a “real-time” experiment simulating a situation where a tracker processes images as if provided by a continuously running sensor. A long-term tracking subchallenge has been introduced to the set of standard VOT sub-challenges. The new subchallenge focuses on long-term tracking properties, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. A new dataset has been compiled and a performance evaluation methodology that focuses on long-term tracking capabilities has been adopted. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term and the new long-term tracking subchallenges. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website (http://votchallenge.net).
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Lin, Jiuluan, et al.
(författare)
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Novel Method to Identify the Precentral Gyrus and Its Detailed Functional Distribution in Real Brain Surfaces Using Reconstructed 3D Brain Surface Imaging
- 2015
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND HEALTH INFORMATICS. - : American Scientific Publishers. - 2156-7018 .- 2156-7026. ; 5:2, s. 216-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To study the use of reconstructed 3D brain surface imaging (RBSI) to identify the precentral gyrus and its detailed functional distribution in epileptic patients. Method: A total of 12 refractory epilepsy cases that need intracranial electrode implantation were studied. In these patients, pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional MRI (fMRI) were conducted, and a cranial computed tomography (CT) scan was performed after electrode implantation. The RBSI was accomplished using Brain Voyager software based on MRI data, and then the 3D brain surface was integrated with the subdural electrode CT scan. The precentral gyrus was found in the reconstructed brain surface imaging according to their anatomical shape, and then were identified in the surgical field by comparing the exposed gyrus in the RBSI with the help of intraoperative photographs. Results: Total 12 cases of precentral gyrus was found and marked in the RBSI. There were 101 electrodes covering the precentral gyrus and 73 (72%) of them had motor response to electrical stimulation. In the contrast, (the area which is 1 cm ahead of the precentral gyrus), the motor response rate was 13% (17/130) (p < 0.05). During fMRI, 100% of the precentral gyrus and 58% (7/12) of post central gyrus was activated during hand movement. Whereas, no activation of the areas ahead of precentral gyrus was seen showing a significant difference between precentral gyrus and gyrus ahead. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that using RBSI technique, it is possible to identify the precentral gyrus with precision.
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| 33. |
- Liu, Jian-Kui, et al.
(författare)
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Ranking higher taxa using divergence times : a case study in Dothideomycetes
- 2017
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Ingår i: Fungal diversity. - : SPRINGER. - 1560-2745 .- 1878-9129. ; 84:1, s. 75-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current classification system for the recognition of taxonomic ranks among fungi, especially at high-ranking level, is subjective. With the development of molecular approaches and the availability of fossil calibration data, the use of divergence times as a universally standardized criterion for ranking taxa has now become possible. We can therefore date the origin of Ascomycota lineages by using molecular clock methods and establish the divergence times for the orders and families of Dothideomycetes. We chose Dothideomycetes, the largest class of the phylum Ascomycota, which contains 32 orders, to establish ages at which points orders have split; and Pleosporales, the largest order of Dothideomycetes with 55 families, to establish family divergence times. We have assembled a multi-gene data set (LSU, SSU, TEF1 and RPB2) from 391 taxa representing most family groups of Dothideomycetes and utilized fossil calibration points solely from within the ascomycetes and a Bayesian approach to establish divergence times of Dothideomycetes lineages. Two separated datasets were analysed: (i) 272 taxa representing 32 orders of Dothideomycetes were included for the order level analysis, and (ii) 191 taxa representing 55 families of Pleosporales were included for the family level analysis. Our results indicate that divergence times (crown age) for most orders (20 out of 32, or 63%) are between 100 and 220 Mya, while divergence times for most families (39 out of 55, or 71%) are between 20 and 100 Mya. We believe that divergence times can provide additional evidence to support establishment of higher level taxa, such as families, orders and classes. Taking advantage of this added approach, we can strive towards establishing a standardized taxonomic system both within and outside Fungi. In this study we found that molecular dating coupled with phylogenetic inferences provides no support for the taxonomic status of two currently recognized orders, namely Bezerromycetales and Wiesneriomycetales and these are treated as synonyms of Tubeufiales while Asterotexiales is treated as a synonym of Asterinales. In addition, we provide an updated phylogenetic assessment of Dothideomycetes previously published as the Families of Dothideomycetes in 2013 with a further ten orders and 35 families.
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| 34. |
- Logan, T. M., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating urban accessibility: leveraging open-source data and analytics to overcome existing limitations
- 2019
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Ingår i: Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science. - : SAGE Publications. - 2399-8091 .- 2399-8083. ; 46:5, s. 897-913
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We revisit the standard methodology for evaluating proximity to urban services and recommend enhancements to address existing limitations. Existing approaches often simplify their measure of proximity by using large areal units and by imposing arbitrary distance thresholds. By doing so, these approaches risk overlooking vulnerable, access-poor populations - the very populations that such studies are often trying to identify. These limitations are primarily motivated by computational constraints. However, recent advances in computational power, open data, and open-source analytics permit high-resolution proximity analyses on large scales. Given the impetus for equitable accessibility in our communities, this is of fundamental importance for researchers and practitioners. In this paper, we present an approach that leverages these open source advances to (a) measure proximity using network distance at the building level, (b) estimate population at that level, and (c) present the resulting distributions so vulnerable populations can be identified. Using three cities and modes of transport, we demonstrate how the approach enhances existing measures and identifies service-poor populations where the previous methods fall short. The proximity results could be used alone, or as inputs to access metrics. Our collating of these components into an open source code provides opportunities for researchers and practitioners to explore fine-resolution, city-wide accessibility across multiple cities and the host of questions that follow.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Morris, David L, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association meta-analysis in Chinese and European individuals identifies ten new loci associated with systemic lupus erythematosus
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 48:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; OMIM 152700) is a genetically complex autoimmune disease. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified more than 50 loci as robustly associated with the disease in single ancestries, but genome-wide transancestral studies have not been conducted. We combined three GWAS data sets from Chinese (1,659 cases and 3,398 controls) and European (4,036 cases and 6,959 controls) populations. A meta-analysis of these studies showed that over half of the published SLE genetic associations are present in both populations. A replication study in Chinese (3,043 cases and 5,074 controls) and European (2,643 cases and 9,032 controls) subjects found ten previously unreported SLE loci. Our study provides further evidence that the majority of genetic risk polymorphisms for SLE are contained within the same regions across both populations. Furthermore, a comparison of risk allele frequencies and genetic risk scores suggested that the increased prevalence of SLE in non-Europeans (including Asians) has a genetic basis.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Rota, Matteo, et al.
(författare)
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Education and gastric cancer risk-An individual participant data meta-analysis in the StoP project consortium
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : WILEY. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 146:3, s. 671-681
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low socioeconomic position (SEP) is a strong risk factor for incidence and premature mortality from several cancers. Our study aimed at quantifying the association between SEP and gastric cancer (GC) risk through an individual participant data meta-analysis within the "Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project". Educational level and household income were used as proxies for the SEP. We estimated pooled odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) across levels of education and household income by pooling study-specific ORs through random-effects meta-analytic models. The relative index of inequality (RII) was also computed. A total of 9,773 GC cases and 24,373 controls from 25 studies from Europe, Asia and America were included. The pooled OR for the highest compared to the lowest level of education was 0.60 (95% CI, 0.44-0.84), while the pooled RII was 0.45 (95% CI, 0.29-0.69). A strong inverse association was observed both for noncardia (OR 0.39, 95% CI, 0.22-0.70) and cardia GC (OR 0.47, 95% CI, 0.22-0.99). The relation was stronger among H. pylori negative subjects (RII 0.14, 95% CI, 0.04-0.48) as compared to H. pylori positive ones (RII 0.29, 95% CI, 0.10-0.84), in the absence of a significant interaction (p = 0.28). The highest household income category showed a pooled OR of 0.65 (95% CI, 0.48-0.89), while the corresponding RII was 0.40 (95% CI, 0.22-0.72). Our collaborative pooled-analysis showed a strong inverse relationship between SEP indicators and GC risk. Our data call for public health interventions to reduce GC risk among the more vulnerable groups of the population. What's new? Gastric cancer is associated with low socioeconomic position but the precise impact of education on gastric cancer risk needs to be quantified. Here the authors provide an updated quantification through the analysis of the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project, a large international consortium of case-control studies. They observe a similar to 40% decreased risk of gastric cancer among individuals with intermediate/high education status as compared to less educated study subjects. The association was evident regardless of Helicobacter pylori infection, underscoring the need for public health interventions to reduce gastric cancer risk.
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| 39. |
- Smith, HW, et al.
(författare)
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An ErbB2/c-Src axis links bioenergetics with PRC2 translation to drive epigenetic reprogramming and mammary tumorigenesis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1, s. 2901-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dysregulation of histone modifications promotes carcinogenesis by altering transcription. Breast cancers frequently overexpress the histone methyltransferase EZH2, the catalytic subunit of Polycomb Repressor Complex 2 (PRC2). However, the role of EZH2 in this setting is unclear due to the context-dependent functions of PRC2 and the heterogeneity of breast cancer. Moreover, the mechanisms underlying PRC2 overexpression in cancer are obscure. Here, using multiple models of breast cancer driven by the oncogene ErbB2, we show that the tyrosine kinase c-Src links energy sufficiency with PRC2 overexpression via control of mRNA translation. By stimulating mitochondrial ATP production, c-Src suppresses energy stress, permitting sustained activation of the mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), which increases the translation of mRNAs encoding the PRC2 subunits Ezh2 and Suz12. We show that Ezh2 overexpression and activity are pivotal in ErbB2-mediated mammary tumourigenesis. These results reveal the hitherto unknown c-Src/mTORC1/PRC2 axis, which is essential for ErbB2-driven carcinogenesis.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Sun, Q, et al.
(författare)
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Lenvatinib for effectively treating antiangiogenic drug-resistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cell death & disease. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-4889. ; 13:8, s. 724-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) clinical trials show that antiangiogenic drugs (AADs) fail to achieve the expected efficacy, and combining AAD with chemoradiotherapy does not show superiority over chemoradiotherapy alone. Accumulating evidence suggests the intrinsic AAD resistance in NPC patients with poorly understood molecular mechanisms. Here, we describe NPC-specific FGF-2 expression-triggered, VEGF-independent angiogenesis as a mechanism of AAD resistance. Angiogenic factors screening between AAD-sensitive cancer type and AAD-resistant NPC showed high FGF-2 expression in NPC in both xenograft models and clinical samples. Mechanistically, the FGF-2-FGFR1-MYC axis drove endothelial cell survival and proliferation as an alternative to VEGF-VEGFR2-MYC signaling. Genetic knockdown of FGF-2 in NPC tumor cells reduced tumor angiogenesis, enhanced AAD sensitivity, and reduced pulmonary metastasis. Moreover, lenvatinib, an FDA recently approved multi-kinase inhibitor targeting both VEGFR2 and FGFR1, effectively inhibits the tumor vasculature, and exhibited robust anti-tumor effects in NPC-bearing nude mice and humanized mice compared with an agent equivalent to bevacizumab. These findings provide mechanistic insights on FGF-2 signaling in the modulation of VEGF pathway activation in the NPC microenvironment and propose an effective NPC-targeted therapy by using a clinically available drug.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Wang, Y.-D., et al.
(författare)
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Grain-to-grain stress interactions in an electrodeposited iron coating
- 2005
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : Wiley. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 17:10, s. 1221-1226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The distribution of residual stresses, in an iron electrolytic coating with the thickness of 1 mm, was discussed. It was found that the coating minimizes the influence of crystallographic texture and stress gradients. Scanning electron microscopy observations indicate that some cracks are produced in the direct current deposited layer. The results show that the grain size in the electrolytic coating observed by transmission electron microscopy is around 20 nm with an aspect ratio of 5:1
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| 45. |
- You, Q. L., et al.
(författare)
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Warming amplification over the Arctic Pole and Third Pole: Trends, mechanisms and consequences
- 2021
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Ingår i: Earth-Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0012-8252. ; 217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Warming amplification over the Arctic Pole (AP hereafter) and Third Pole (Tibetan Plateau, TP hereafter) can trigger a series of climate responses and have global consequences. Arctic amplification (AA) and Tibetan amplification (TA) are the most significant characteristics of climate change patterns over the two Poles. In this study, trends, mechanisms and consequences of both AA and TA are compared. Based on ERA5 reanalysis during 1979-2020, both AP and TP have undergone significant warming with an annual rate of 0.72 degrees C/decade and 0.34 degrees C/decade respectively, which exceeds the rates for the Northern Hemisphere (0.29 degrees C/decade) and the global means (0.19 degrees C/decade) over the same period. Based on 22 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models, AA over the AP is warming at a rate almost four times than the global means and twice as fast over the TP. Although both AA and TA are projected to continue in the future, currently there is no consensus on the dominant mechanisms for AA or TA over the two Poles. Proposed mechanisms of AA can be divided into two types: local climate factors (sea ice-albedo feedback, Planck feedback, temperature gradient feedback, cloud feedback, and water vapor feedback); and poleward heat and moisture transport from lower latitudes (atmospheric circulation effect, ocean circulation effect, and modulation of Pacific and Atlantic SST). Consequences of AA include decline of sea ice cover, retreat of the Greenland ice sheet, permafrost degradation, accelerated disturbances in marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and influences on extreme climate events at lower latitudes. Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission, snow/ice-albedo feedback, cloud-radiation interactions, water vapor and radiative flux feedbacks, local forcing and feedback processes, land use changes and reduction in total ozone, are generally considered to be the main mechanisms causing TA. TA has caused significant change within the atmosphere and cryosphere over the TP and its surroundings, such as changes in climate extremes, snow cover, the retreat of glaciers, and permafrost degradation. Similarities and differences of warming amplifications over the two Poles are proposed, and the relative contribution of each mechanism to the warming amplifications and how the specific consequences may compare over the two Poles remain unclear and under continuing investigation.
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| 46. |
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