| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Alvarez, E. M., et al.
(författare)
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The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lancet Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1470-2045. ; 23:1, s. 27-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15-39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults. Methods Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15-39 years to define adolescents and young adults. Findings There were 1.19 million (95% UI 1.11-1.28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000-425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15-39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59.6 [54.5-65.7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53.2 [48.8-57.9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in low-middle SDI (14.2 [12.9-15.6] per 100 000 person-years) and middle SDI (13.6 [12.6-14.8] per 100 000 person-years) countries. In 2019, adolescent and young adult cancers contributed 23.5 million (21.9-25.2) DALYs to the global burden of disease, of which 2.7% (1.9-3.6) came from YLDs and 97.3% (96.4-98.1) from YLLs. Cancer was the fourth leading cause of death and tenth leading cause of DALYs in adolescents and young adults globally. Interpretation Adolescent and young adult cancers contributed substantially to the overall adolescent and young adult disease burden globally in 2019. These results provide new insights into the distribution and magnitude of the adolescent and young adult cancer burden around the world. With notable differences observed across SDI settings, these estimates can inform global and country-level cancer control efforts. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 3. |
- Murari, A., et al.
(författare)
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A control oriented strategy of disruption prediction to avoid the configuration collapse of tokamak reactors
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of thermonuclear fusion consists of producing electricity from the coalescence of light nuclei in high temperature plasmas. The most promising route to fusion envisages the confinement of such plasmas with magnetic fields, whose most studied configuration is the tokamak. Disruptions are catastrophic collapses affecting all tokamak devices and one of the main potential showstoppers on the route to a commercial reactor. In this work we report how, deploying innovative analysis methods on thousands of JET experiments covering the isotopic compositions from hydrogen to full tritium and including the major D-T campaign, the nature of the various forms of collapse is investigated in all phases of the discharges. An original approach to proximity detection has been developed, which allows determining both the probability of and the time interval remaining before an incoming disruption, with adaptive, from scratch, real time compatible techniques. The results indicate that physics based prediction and control tools can be developed, to deploy realistic strategies of disruption avoidance and prevention, meeting the requirements of the next generation of devices.
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| 6. |
- Kocarnik, J. M., et al.
(författare)
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Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019 A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2022
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Ingår i: Jama Oncology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2374-2437 .- 2374-2445. ; 8:3, s. 420-488
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden. OBJECTIVE To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. EVIDENCE REVIEW The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). FINDINGS In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3%(95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9%(95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4%(1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7%(4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and YDALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world.
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| 7. |
- Ikuta, K. S., et al.
(författare)
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Global mortality associated with 33 bacterial pathogens in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lancet. - : Elsevier BV. - 0140-6736. ; 400:10369, s. 2221-2248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Reducing the burden of death due to infection is an urgent global public health priority. Previous studies have estimated the number of deaths associated with drug-resistant infections and sepsis and found that infections remain a leading cause of death globally. Understanding the global burden of common bacterial pathogens (both susceptible and resistant to antimicrobials) is essential to identify the greatest threats to public health. To our knowledge, this is the first study to present global comprehensive estimates of deaths associated with 33 bacterial pathogens across 11 major infectious syndromes. Methods We estimated deaths associated with 33 bacterial genera or species across 11 infectious syndromes in 2019 using methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, in addition to a subset of the input data described in the Global Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance 2019 study. This study included 343 million individual records or isolates covering 11 361 study-location-years. We used three modelling steps to estimate the number of deaths associated with each pathogen: deaths in which infection had a role, the fraction of deaths due to infection that are attributable to a given infectious syndrome, and the fraction of deaths due to an infectious syndrome that are attributable to a given pathogen. Estimates were produced for all ages and for males and females across 204 countries and territories in 2019. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for final estimates of deaths and infections associated with the 33 bacterial pathogens following standard GBD methods by taking the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles across 1000 posterior draws for each quantity of interest. Findings From an estimated 13.7 million (95% UI 10.9-17.1) infection-related deaths in 2019, there were 7.7 million deaths (5.7-10.2) associated with the 33 bacterial pathogens (both resistant and susceptible to antimicrobials) across the 11 infectious syndromes estimated in this study. We estimated deaths associated with the 33 bacterial pathogens to comprise 13.6% (10.2-18.1) of all global deaths and 56.2% (52.1-60.1) of all sepsis-related deaths in 2019. Five leading pathogens-Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa-were responsible for 54.9% (52.9-56.9) of deaths among the investigated bacteria. The deadliest infectious syndromes and pathogens varied by location and age. The age-standardised mortality rate associated with these bacterial pathogens was highest in the sub-Saharan Africa super-region, with 230 deaths (185-285) per 100 000 population, and lowest in the high-income super-region, with 52.2 deaths (37.4-71.5) per 100 000 population. S aureus was the leading bacterial cause of death in 135 countries and was also associated with the most deaths in individuals older than 15 years, globally. Among children younger than 5 years, S pneumoniae was the pathogen associated with the most deaths. In 2019, more than 6 million deaths occurred as a result of three bacterial infectious syndromes, with lower respiratory infections and bloodstream infections each causing more than 2 million deaths and peritoneal and intra-abdominal infections causing more than 1 million deaths. Interpretation The 33 bacterial pathogens that we investigated in this study are a substantial source of health loss globally, with considerable variation in their distribution across infectious syndromes and locations. Compared with GBD Level 3 underlying causes of death, deaths associated with these bacteria would rank as the second leading cause of death globally in 2019; hence, they should be considered an urgent priority for intervention within the global health community. Strategies to address the burden of bacterial infections include infection prevention, optimised use of antibiotics, improved capacity for microbiological analysis, vaccine development, and improved and more pervasive use of available vaccines. These estimates can be used to help set priorities for vaccine need, demand, and development. Copyright (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
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| 9. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 14. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 15. |
- Sayeed, A., et al.
(författare)
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Handwashing with soap : A concern for overuse of water amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh
- 2021
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Ingår i: Groundwater for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-801X. ; 13, s. 100561-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Handwashing is one of the vital public health measures. It helps to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, water overuse during hand scrubbing with soap keeping the tap on may put enormous pressure on the already overstretched groundwater resources and households’ economic well-being. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the overuse of water while scrubbing hands with soap for handwashing when the tap is on amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. Sociodemographic data were collected using a web-based survey tool among 1980 participants and an experiment was conducted among 126 participants to estimate the overuse of water during hand scrubbing while the tap is on. A total of 80% of the participants washed their hands regularly after returning home from outside. About 57.3% of participants did not turn off their tap throughout the handwashing process. A single participant, who kept his tap on throughout the handwashing process, overused approximately 1.7 L of water per handwash and 14.9 L of water per day. Hand scrubbing with soap keeping the tap on, raised the overuse of water 13-fold during this pandemic compared to the non-pandemic situation which cost an extra 225.0 BDT (2.7$) per day for 1980 participants. Minimize the speed of tap, using automatic taps, and using taps operated by legs might be an effective solution to reduce the water overuse. Furthermore, behavioral change interventions are needed to aware people turn off the tap during hand scrubbing with soap.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Shahid, M., et al.
(författare)
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Serratia sp. CP-13 augments the growth of cadmium (Cd)-stressed Linum usitatissimum L. by limited Cd uptake, enhanced nutrient acquisition and antioxidative potential
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Microbiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1364-5072 .- 1365-2672. ; 126:6, s. 1708-1721
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The current study was aimed to evaluate the beneficial effects and bioremediation potential of a Cd-tolerant bacterial strain, Serratia sp. CP-13, on the physiological and biochemical functions of Linum usitatissimum L., under Cd stress.Methods and Results: The bacterial strain was isolated from the wastewater collection point of Chakera, Faisalabad, Pakistan, as this place contains industrial wastewater of the Faisalabad region. The Serratia sp. CP-13, identified through 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, exhibited a significant phyto-beneficial potential in terms of in vitro inorganic phosphate solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid production and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase activity. Effects of Serratia sp. CP-13 inoculation on L. usitatissimum were evaluated by growing the plants in CdCl2 (0, 5 or 10 mg kg(-1) dry soil)-spiked soil. Without inoculation of Serratia sp. CP-13, Cd stress significantly reduced the plant biomass as well as the quantity of proteins and photosynthetic pigments due to enhanced H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and impaired nutrient homeostasis. Subsequently, Serratia sp. CP-13 increased the plant fresh and dry biomass, plant antioxidation capacity, whereas it decreased the lipid peroxidation under Cd stress. In parallel, Serratia sp. inoculation assisted the Cd-stressed plants to maintain an optimum level of nutrients (K, Ca, P, Mg, Fe and Mn).Conclusions: The isolated bacterial strain (Serratia sp. CP-13) when applied to Cd-stressed L. usitatissimum inhibited the Cd uptake, reduced Cd-induced lipid peroxidation, maintained the optimum level of nutrients and thereby, enhanced L. usitatissimum growth. The analysis of bio-concentration and translocation factor revealed that L. usitatissimum with Serratia sp. CP-13 inoculation sequestered Cd in plant rhizospheric zone.Significance and Impact of the Study: Serratia sp. CP-13 inoculation is a potential candidate for the development of low Cd-accumulating linseed and could be used for phytostabilization of Cd-contaminated rhizosphere/soil colloids.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Wieduwilt, Matthew J., et al.
(författare)
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Haploidentical vs sibling, unrelated, or cord blood hematopoietic cell transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- 2022
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Ingår i: Blood Advances. - : American Society of Hematology. - 2473-9529 .- 2473-9537. ; 6:1, s. 339-357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) using posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is being defined. We performed a retrospective, multivariable analysis comparing outcomes of HCT approaches by donor for adults with ALL in remission. The primary objective was to compare overall survival (OS) among haploidentical HCTs using PTCy and HLA-matched sibling donor (MSD), 8/8 HLAmatched unrelated donor (MUD), 7 /8 HLA-MUD, or umbilical cord blood (UCB) HCT. Comparing haploidentical HCT to MSD HCT, we found that OS, leukemia-free survival (LFS), nonrelapse mortality (NRM), relapse, and acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) were not different but chronic GVHD (cGVHD) was higher in MSD HCT. Compared with MUD HCT, OS, LFS, and relapse were not different, but MUD HCT had increased NRM (hazard ratio [HR], 1.42; P = .02), grade 3 to 4 aGVHD (HR, 1.59; P = .005), and cGVHD. Compared with 7/8 UD HCT, LFS and relapse were not different, but 7/8 UD HCT had worse OS (HR, 1.38; P = .01) and increased NRM (HR, 2.13; P <_ .001), grade 3 to 4 aGVHD (HR, 1.86; P = .003), and cGVHD (HR, 1.72; P <_ .001). Compared with UCB HCT, late OS, late LFS, relapse, and cGVHD were not different but UCB HCT had worse early OS (<_18 months; HR, 1.93; P < .001), worse early LFS (HR, 1.40; P = .007) and increased incidences of NRM (HR, 2.08; P < .001) and grade 3 to 4 aGVHD (HR, 1.97; P < .001). Haploidentical HCT using PTCy showed no difference in survival but less GVHD compared with traditional MSD and MUD HCT and is the preferred alternative donor HCT option for adults with ALL in complete remission.
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| 20. |
- Alouhmy, M., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of carbon implantation on the low temperature magnetism behavior in amorphous Fe93Zr7 films
- 2022
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Ingår i: Materials Science & Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 0921-5107 .- 1873-4944. ; 279
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a detailed investigation on the effects of C-implantation on low temperature magnetic behavior in Fe93Zr7 amorphous films using spin wave theory, law of approach to saturation, and Alben and Becker's theory. Significant increase in Curie temperature with a decrease in coercivity were observed upon C-implantation. Bloch's law was used to analyze the temperature dependence of magnetization, and several important param-eters were extracted such as the stiffness constant of the spin wave, and the exchange constant. The local random anisotropy constant decreases from 0.35 to 0.19 MJ/m(3) with increasing carbon concentration from 0 to 11%. The ferromagnetic correlation length for which the anisotropy directions are assumed to be arbitrarily oriented in-creases significantly with increasing carbon content. By the use of the theory of Alben and Becker, we also extracted the local anisotropy from coercivity, and reasonable agreement was found with random magnetic anisotropy approach.
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| 21. |
- Masrur Hossain, M., et al.
(författare)
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Analysis and optimization of a modified Kalina cycle system for low-grade heat utilization
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energy Conversion and Management. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2590-1745. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Kalina cycle system (KCS) offers an attractive prospect to produce power by utilizing low-grade heat sources where traditional power cycles cannot be implemented. Intending to explore the potential of exploiting low-grade heat sources for conversion to electrical energy, this study proposes two modified power generation cycles based on KCS-34. A multi-phase expander is positioned between the Kalina separator and the second heat regenerator in the proposed X-modification. In contrast, it is located between the mixer and second regenerator for Y-modification. To explore the potential benefits and limitations of the proposed modifications contrasted with the KCS-34, thermodynamic modeling and optimization have been conducted. The influence of critical decision parameters on overall cycle performance is analyzed. The result elucidates that by implementing an additional multi-phase expander, a significant amount of energy can be extracted from a lean ammonia water loop and X-modification can deliver superior thermodynamic performance compared with the Y-modification and the original KCS-34. With a reduced turbine inlet pressure of 58 bar and an ammonia concentration of 80%, the X-modified cycle's efficiency reaches a peak value of 17% and a net power yield of 1015 kW. An increase of 6.35% can be achieved compared with the conventional KCS-34 operating at the same conditions. Maximum exergy destruction of the working substance was observed in the condenser.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Alouhmy, M., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of hydrogen implantation on the magnetocaloric properties of amorphous FeZr films
- 2021
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Ingår i: Vacuum. - : Elsevier. - 0042-207X .- 1879-2715. ; 186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the effects of H-implantation on the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of amorphous FeZr films. Arrott plots reveal a second order ferromagnetic to paramagnetic phase transition for the as-grown and H-implanted films, with an increase in T-C from 160 to 200 K upon implantation. The maximum change in magnetic entropy (-Delta S-M) increases from 0.66 to 0.77J/kgK for a field change mu 0 Delta H = 1.5T, as well as the relative cooling power (RCP) values were improved from 84.5 to 108.6J/kg. This improvement was attributed to the increase in magnetization and chemical inhomogeneity induced by the implantation process. The increase in the chemical inhomogeneity was supported by the determination of the local exponent n extracted from the slope of Ln(-Delta S-M) as a function of Ln(mu 0H), which is line with the simulated depth profile of hydrogen atoms through the FeZr film.
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| 27. |
- Alouhmy, M., et al.
(författare)
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Random magnetic anisotropy approach in amorphous Fe88.4Zr11.6 films : Effects of hydrogen implantation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. - : Elsevier. - 0022-3093 .- 1873-4812. ; 566
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of hydrogen implantation on the magnetic properties in amorphous Fe88.4Zr11.6Hx films with different hydrogen contents (0≤ x≤16) were investigated. The Curie temperature increases with increasing hydrogen content while the coercivity presents an important decrease upon H implantation. Based on the analysis of the approach to saturation in magnetization, the local random anisotropy constant KL was extracted. The local random anisotropy constant decreases from 1.468 MJ/m3 to 0.667 MJ/m3 when the concentration of H increases from 0 to 16%. The ferromagnetic correlation length was found to significantly increase with increasing hydrogen content. The local anisotropy was also extracted from the coercivity based on the Alben and Becker theory, which fits reasonably with that obtained using random magnetic anisotropy approach.
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| 28. |
- Bououdina, M., et al.
(författare)
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Lithium storage in amorphous TiNi hydride : Electrode for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries
- 2013
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Ingår i: Materials Chemistry and Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0254-0584 .- 1879-3312. ; 141:1, s. 348-354
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, amorphous TiNi phase was successfully prepared using mechanically milling for a very short time of 8 h. HRTEM confirms the formation of amorphous phase with the presence of nanocrystalline Fe particles. After hydrogenation (30 bars of H-2 for a duration of 2 h), the electrochemical reaction shows that TiNi hydride/Li cell discharges at a current of one Li for 10 h between 3 V and 0.005 V. The discharge of TiNiH electrode around x = 1 Li corresponds to a capacity of 251 mAh g(-1) and a hydride composition of TiNiH1.0 at an average voltage of 0.4 V. Ex-situ X-ray diffraction pattern collected at the end of the discharge shows a mixture of amorphous TiNi compound and LiH. A general mechanism for the electrochemical reaction is then proposed: alpha-TiNiH + Li+ + e(-) -> alpha-TiNi + LiH. The results from DFT calculations yield an average cell voltage of 0.396 V, which is in good agreement with the experimental pseudo-plateau occurring at 0.4 V.
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| 29. |
- Gopakumar, Geethanjali, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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X-ray Induced Fragmentation of Protonated Cystine
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Protein structure determination using high-intensity X-ray sources induces damage in the protein. Disulfide bridges, formed between two cysteine amino acid residues stabilize the protein structure. Owing to the higher absorption cross-section of sulfur for X-ray photons, and a large number of electrons released from sulfur atoms, these disulfide bridges are hot spots for a higher level of noise in structural studies. But it is yet to be understood how exactly the damage occurs through the interaction of the disulfide bridges with photons. Here we study the fragmentation of protonated cystine in the gas phase, which is the dimer of cysteine, by irradiation with X-rays across the sulfur L-edge using an electrospray ionization source (ESI) in combination with an ion trap. This is complemented with the calculation of the sulfur NEXAFS spectrum on the level of Restricted Open-Shell Configuration Interaction (ROCIS) and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations for molecular orbital visualization as well as Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations for the fragmentation of triply charged cystine ions. We have deduced a possible pathway of fragmentation upon excitation and ionization of S 2p electrons by combining the experiments and simulations. The disulfide bridge breaks for resonant excitation at lower energies but remains intact upon higher energy resonant excitation and upon ionization of S 2p. The larger fragments formed subsequently break into smaller fragments.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Jimenez, Antonio M. Jimenez, et al.
(författare)
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An adapted European LeukemiaNet genetic risk stratification for acute myeloid leukemia patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant. A CIBMTR analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Bone Marrow Transplantation. - : Springer Nature. - 0268-3369 .- 1476-5365. ; 56:12, s. 3068-3077
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities are known to influence post-transplant outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but data assessing the prognostic value of combined genetic models in the HCT setting are limited. We developed an adapted European LeukemiaNet (aELN) risk classification based on available genetic data reported to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, to predict post-transplant outcomes in 2289 adult AML patients transplanted in first remission, between 2013 and 2017. Patients were stratified according to aELN into three groups: favorable (Fav, N = 181), intermediate (IM, N = 1185), and adverse (Adv, N = 923). Univariate analysis demonstrated significant differences in 2-year overall survival (OS) (Fav: 67.7%, IM: 64.9% and Adv: 53.9%; p < 0.001); disease-free survival (DFS) (Fav: 57.8%, IM: 55.5% and Adv: 45.3; p < 0.001) and relapse (Fav: 28%, IM: 27.5% and Adv: 37.5%; p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis (MVA) revealed no differences in outcomes between the Fav and IM groups, thus they were combined. On MVA, patients in the Adv risk group had the highest risk of relapse (HR 1.47 p <= 0.001) and inferior DFS (HR 1.35 p < 0.001) and OS (HR 1.39 p < 0.001), even using myeloablative conditioning or in those without the pre-HCT measurable-residual disease. Novel approaches to mitigate relapse in this high-risk group are urgently needed.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Patanen, M., et al.
(författare)
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Valence shell photoelectron angular distributions and vibrationally resolved spectra of imidazole : A combined experimental-theoretical study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 155:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Linearly polarized synchrotron radiation has been used to record polarization dependent valence shell photoelectron spectra of imidazole in the photon energy range 21–100 eV. These have allowed the photoelectron angular distributions, as characterized by the anisotropy parameter β, and the electronic state intensity branching ratios to be determined. Complementing these experimental data, theoretical photoionization partial cross sections and β-parameters have been calculated for the outer valence shell orbitals. The assignment of the structure appearing in the experimental photoelectron spectra has been guided by vertical ionization energies and spectral intensities calculated by various theoretical methods that incorporate electron correlation and orbital relaxation. Strong orbital relaxation effects have been found for the 15a′, nitrogen lone-pair orbital. The calculations also predict that configuration mixing leads to the formation of several low-lying satellite states. The vibrational structure associated with ionization out of a particular orbital has been simulated within the Franck–Condon model using harmonic vibrational modes. The adiabatic approximation appears to be valid for the X 2A″ state, with the β-parameter for this state being independent of the level of vibrational excitation. However, for all the other outer valence ionic states, a disparity occurs between the observed and the simulated vibrational structure, and the measured β-parameters are at variance with the behavior expected at the level of the Franck–Condon approximation. These inconsistencies suggest that the excited electronic states may be interacting vibronically such that the nuclear dynamics occur over coupled potential energy surfaces.
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| 34. |
- Riaz, Muhammad, et al.
(författare)
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Construction of efficient classes of circular balanced repeated measurements designs with R
- 2024
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Ingår i: Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods. - 0361-0926 .- 1532-415X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pharmacology, medicine, psychology, and the animal sciences all employ repeated measurement designs (RMDs). However, RMDs may experience carryover effects, which are the primary cause of bias in treatment effect estimation. In order to eliminate the carryover effects for odd v (the number of treatments), minimal circular balanced and strongly balanced repeated measurement designs (RMDs) are the ones that should be used. The minimal circular partially balanced and weakly balanced RMDs are used for even v. In order to obtain these important classes of minimal circular RMDs in periods of equal, two, and three different sizes, an R-based algorithm is developed in this article. The newly developed algorithm has made so simple the construction of balanced RMDs and their generalized classes. As a result, it is a novel piece of research.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Al Banna, MH, et al.
(författare)
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Association between Nutrition Literacy and Bangladeshi Adults' Healthy Eating Behaviors: Evidence from the Nutrition Literacy Study 2021
- 2022
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Ingår i: Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2227-9032. ; 10:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the association between healthy eating behaviors and nutrition literacy in a sample of Bangladeshi adults. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 400 adults from two districts of Bangladesh (Dhaka and Chattogram). Data were generated by in-person interviews using a structured questionnaire. The Nutrition Literacy Scale and National Dietary Guidelines for Bangladesh were used to assess nutrition literacy and healthy eating behaviors, respectively. Multiple linear regression models were used to observe the association. The mean score for healthy eating behavior was 21.8 (SD = 4.8, Range: 5–33) on a scale of 34. A moderate positive correlation was found between nutrition literacy and healthy eating behavior of participants (r = 0.28, p < 0.001). The adjusted regression model showed that a 1 unit increase in nutrition literacy reflected an increase in the healthy eating behavior score of participants by 0.22 units (β = 0.223, p < 0.001). Findings showed an association between nutrition literacy and eating behaviors in Bangladeshi adults. Future research could be carried out to establish a causal relationship that may help inform the necessity of educational interventions for Bangladeshi adults to assist with meeting national nutrition-related targets.
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| 39. |
- Al-Madhlom, Qais, et al.
(författare)
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Seepage Velocity of Dibdibba Formation in Karbala, Iraq
- 2017
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Ingår i: Engineering. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 1947-3931 .- 1947-394X. ; 9:3, s. 279-290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Iraq highly depends on its surface water resources. Now it is facing water shortage problems. For these reasons, the utilization of groundwater will be increasing with time. Karbala Governorate is located in the central part of Iraq. It covers an area of 5034 km2 and the population exceeds one million. It is characterized by an arid or semiarid environment. Karbala Governorate lack surface water resource and consequently, groundwater is the only available resource. The main groundwater aquifer within the area is Dibdibba formation. It is composed of poorly sorted sand and sand stone with gravel. In this research hydrological and hydrogeological information were used to find out the magnitude and the direction of groundwater seepage velocity. The results indicate that groundwater flow toward the flood plain to the east of the study region. The seepage velocity ranges from 0 to 0.18 m/d, with a general increase when moving from the west to the east.
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| 40. |
- Amer, Wael A., et al.
(författare)
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Liquid-crystalline azobenzene-containing ferrocene-based polymers : study on synthesis and properties of main-chain ferrocene-based polyesters with azobenzene in the side chain
- 2013
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Ingår i: Polymers for Advanced Technologies. - : Wiley. - 1042-7147 .- 1099-1581. ; 24:2, s. 181-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ferrocene-based polymers are characterized by their electrochemical activity, good redox properties, thermal, photochemical stability, and liquid crystallinity, and thus they have various applications in different fields. A comprehensive investigation on the synthesis and properties of three novel main-chain ferrocene-based polyesters with azobenzene in the side chain (MFPAS) was carried out. The main-chain ferrocene-based polyester, poly(N-phenyldiethanolamine 1,1'-ferrocene dicarboxylate (PPFD), was synthesized via the solution polycondensation reaction of 1,1'-ferrocenedicarbonyl chloride with phenyldiethanolamine (PDE). The novel MFPAS were synthesized via the post-polymerization azo-coupling reaction of PPFD with three different 4-substituted anilines including 4-nitroaniline, 4-aminobenzoic acid, and 4-aminobenzonitrile to produce 4-nitrophenylazo-functionalized-PPFD (PPFD-NT), 4-carboxyphenylazo-functionalized-PPFD (PPFD-CA), and 4-cyanophenylazo-functionalized-PPFD (PPFD-CN), respectively. All the synthesized polymers were characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and UVvisible spectroscopy. In addition, powder X-ray diffraction patterns were measured for the synthesized polymers. The photoisomerization of the MFPAS was studied. The thermal properties of the MFPAS were studied using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. PPFD-CA and PPFD-CN were found to be more thermally stable than PPFD-NT. Finally, the liquid-crystalline properties of PPFD and the MFPAS were examined using polarized optical microscope. It was found that all the polymers possessed nematic phases and exhibited textures with schlieren disclinations.
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| 41. |
- Amer, Wael A., et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis and Properties of a Ferrocene-based Metallomesogenic Polymer Containing Bis(4-hydroxyoctoxyphenyl)sulfone
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials. - : Springer Nature. - 1574-1443 .- 1574-1451. ; 22:6, s. 1229-1239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Poly[bis(4-hydroxyoctoxyphenyl)sulfone 1,1'-ferrocene dicarboxylate] (PHOSFD) was synthesized by solution polycondensation reaction of bis(4-hydroxyoctoxyphenyl)sulfone with 1,1'-ferrocenyl chloride. The synthesized polymer was characterized via the measurement of its H-1 NMR spectrum, UV-Vis spectrum and FTIR spectrum. X-ray diffraction pattern was measured to investigate the crystallinity of the synthesized polymer and it was found that the polymer is mostly amorphous. The molecular weight of the polymer was determined by gel permeation chromatography. In addition, the electrochemical, the thermal, and the liquid crystalline properties of the synthesized polymer were examined and compared with the properties of poly(diethyleneglycol 1,1'-ferrocene dicarboxylate) (PDEFD) that was synthesized in our earlier study. The electrochemical processes of PHOSFD in CH2Cl2 were confirmed neither to be totally reversible nor completely irreversible. Generally, the electrochemical properties of PHOSFD and PDEFD were found to be similar to each other. PHOSFD was found to be thermally stable but its thermal stability is lower than that of PDEFD. Both of PHOSFD and PDEFD showed liquid crystalline properties and they possessed nematic phase textures with schlieren disclinations during heating and cooling.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Ghorbani, H., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of heat-treatment and sample preparation on physical properties of XLPE DC cable insulation material
- 2016
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on dielectrics and electrical insulation. - : IEEE Press. - 1070-9878 .- 1558-4135. ; 23:5, s. 2508-2516
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Power cables with extruded crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation are used in HVAC and HVDC applications. These cables usually go through a degassing process to remove the methane formed in XLPE during the cross-linking reactions. In case of HVDC cables, the general belief is that the polar peroxide decomposition products (PDP) content significantly influences the conduction and space charge behavior of XLPE. This belief is mainly based on the results of experiments made on thin XLPE samples with different heat-treatments; but since heat-treatment also influences the morphology of the polymer, it is necessary to consider this effect as well. It is common to use polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film as a protective layer during sample press molding. Studies on the influence of the pressing film on the electrical properties of the sample are rare. In this work, the results of a series of experiments performed on 0.5 mm thick XLPE plaque samples in reference to additive free LDPE samples with different heat-treatment times are presented. Beside the PDP content, the morphology, DC conductivity and polarization properties are studied and analyzed. It was found that the pressing film used during sample preparation has a significant effect on the results and if not corrected, it may lead to wrong conclusions about the influence of the PDP content. Eliminating the effect of the pressing film, no clear correlation between the DC conductivity, dielectric loss and the PDP content was observed. The relation between the PDP content and DC conductivity is not found to be obvious, hence this correlation may need to be further evaluated.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Jabeen, Rida, et al.
(författare)
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General construction of efficient circular partially strongly-balanced repeated measurements designs
- 2022
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Ingår i: Communications in statistics. Simulation and computation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0361-0918 .- 1532-4141. ; , s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Residual effects in repeated measurements design (RMDs) leads to wrong estimation of direct treatment effects. Minimal strongly balanced RMDs are preferred to balance out the residual effects. The partially strongly balanced designs form an important family of RMDs which provide designs where minimal strongly balanced RMDs do not exist. In this article, a general construction of efficieint circular partially strongly-balanced RMDs is given in periods of k different sizes which produces these designs in periods of equal sizes, two different sizes, three different sizes, …, by putting k = 1, 2, 3, …, respectively.
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| 49. |
- Khan, Abid, et al.
(författare)
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Construction of minimal circular nearly strongly balanced repeated measurements designs and their conversion
- 2023
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Ingår i: Communications in statistics. Simulation and computation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0361-0918 .- 1532-4141. ; 52:12, s. 5749-5758
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Repeated measurements designs (RMDs) are very useful and economical but unfortunately, with the use of RMDs, a major source of bias is arisen, that is the carry over effect. Minimal designs which are strongly and nearly strongly balanced, are preferred to estimate the direct and carry over effects independently. In this article, some new classes of minimal circular nearly strongly balanced RMDs are constructed in periods of two and three different sizes which can be converted directly into minimal circular balanced and minimal strongly balanced which are highly efficient.
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| 50. |
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