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| 5. |
- Aartsen, M. G., et al.
(författare)
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Multiwavelength follow-up of a rare IceCube neutrino multiplet
- 2017
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP SCIENCES S A. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 607
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On February 17, 2016, the IceCube real-time neutrino search identified, for the first time, three muon neutrino candidates arriving within 100 s of one another, consistent with coming from the same point in the sky. Such a triplet is expected once every 13.7 years as a random coincidence of background events. However, considering the lifetime of the follow-up program the probability of detecting at least one triplet from atmospheric background is 32%. Follow-up observatories were notified in order to search for an electromagnetic counterpart. Observations were obtained by Swift's X-ray telescope, by ASAS-SN, LCO and MASTER at optical wavelengths, and by VERITAS in the very-high-energy gamma-ray regime. Moreover, the Swift BAT serendipitously observed the location 100 s after the first neutrino was detected, and data from the Fermi LAT and HAWC observatory were analyzed. We present details of the neutrino triplet and the follow-up observations. No likely electromagnetic counterpart was detected, and we discuss the implications of these constraints on candidate neutrino sources such as gamma-ray bursts, core-collapse supernovae and active galactic nucleus flares. This study illustrates the potential of and challenges for future follow-up campaigns.
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| 6. |
- Abdalla, H., et al.
(författare)
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TeV Emission of Galactic Plane Sources with HAWC and HESS
- 2021
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 917:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory and the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) are two leading instruments in the ground-based very-high-energy gamma-ray domain. HAWC employs the water Cherenkov detection (WCD) technique, while H.E.S.S. is an array of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs). The two facilities therefore differ in multiple aspects, including their observation strategy, the size of their field of view, and their angular resolution, leading to different analysis approaches. Until now, it has been unclear if the results of observations by both types of instruments are consistent: several of the recently discovered HAWC sources have been followed up by IACTs, resulting in a confirmed detection only in a minority of cases. With this paper, we go further and try to resolve the tensions between previous results by performing a new analysis of the H.E.S.S. Galactic plane survey data, applying an analysis technique comparable between H.E.S.S. and HAWC. Events above 1 TeV are selected for both data sets, the point-spread function of H.E.S.S. is broadened to approach that of HAWC, and a similar background estimation method is used. This is the first detailed comparison of the Galactic plane observed by both instruments. H.E.S.S. can confirm the gamma-ray emission of four HAWC sources among seven previously undetected by IACTs, while the three others have measured fluxes below the sensitivity of the H.E.S.S. data set. Remaining differences in the overall gamma-ray flux can be explained by the systematic uncertainties. Therefore, we confirm a consistent view of the gamma-ray sky between WCD and IACT techniques.
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| 7. |
- Abdo, A. A., et al.
(författare)
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THE FIRST FERMI MULTIFREQUENCY CAMPAIGN ON BL LACERTAE : CHARACTERIZING THE LOW-ACTIVITY STATE OF THE EPONYMOUS BLAZAR
- 2011
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 730:2, s. 101-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on observations of BL Lacertae during the first 18 months of Fermi LAT science operations and present results from a 48 day multifrequency coordinated campaign from 2008 August 19 to 2008 October 7. The radio to gamma-ray behavior of BL Lac is unveiled during a low-activity state thanks to the coordinated observations of radio-band (Metsahovi and VLBA), near-IR/optical (Tuorla, Steward, OAGH, and MDM), and X-ray (RXTE and Swift) observatories. No variability was resolved in gamma rays during the campaign, and the brightness level was 15 times lower than the level of the 1997 EGRET outburst. Moderate and uncorrelated variability has been detected in UV and X-rays. The X-ray spectrum is found to be concave, indicating the transition region between the low- and high-energy components of the spectral energy distribution (SED). VLBA observation detected a synchrotron spectrum self-absorption turnover in the innermost part of the radio jet appearing to be elongated and inhomogeneous, and constrained the average magnetic field there to be less than 3 G. Over the following months, BL Lac appeared variable in gamma rays, showing flares (in 2009 April and 2010 January). There is no evidence for the correlation of gamma rays with the optical flux monitored from the ground in 18 months. The SED may be described by a single-zone or a two-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model, but a hybrid SSC plus external radiation Compton model seems to be preferred based on the observed variability and the fact that it provides a fit closest to equipartition.
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| 8. |
- Ades, M., et al.
(författare)
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Global Climate : in State of the climate in 2019
- 2020
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Ingår i: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS). - : American Meteorological Society. - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 101:8, s. S17-S127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
- Ades, M., et al.
(författare)
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GLOBAL CLIMATE
- 2020
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Ingår i: BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY. - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 101:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Milillo, A., et al.
(författare)
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Investigating Mercury's Environment with the Two-Spacecraft BepiColombo Mission
- 2020
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Ingår i: Space Science Reviews. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0038-6308 .- 1572-9672. ; 216:5
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ESA-JAXA BepiColombo mission will provide simultaneous measurements from two spacecraft, offering an unprecedented opportunity to investigate magnetospheric and exospheric dynamics at Mercury as well as their interactions with the solar wind, radiation, and interplanetary dust. Many scientific instruments onboard the two spacecraft will be completely, or partially devoted to study the near-space environment of Mercury as well as the complex processes that govern it. Many issues remain unsolved even after the MESSENGER mission that ended in 2015. The specific orbits of the two spacecraft, MPO and Mio, and the comprehensive scientific payload allow a wider range of scientific questions to be addressed than those that could be achieved by the individual instruments acting alone, or by previous missions. These joint observations are of key importance because many phenomena in Mercury's environment are highly temporally and spatially variable. Examples of possible coordinated observations are described in this article, analysing the required geometrical conditions, pointing, resolutions and operation timing of different BepiColombo instruments sensors.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Carraminana, Albert, et al.
(författare)
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Rationale and Study Design for an Individualized Perioperative Open Lung Ventilatory Strategy in Patients on One-Lung Ventilation (iPROVE-OLV)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. - : W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC. - 1053-0770 .- 1532-8422. ; 33:9, s. 2492-2502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this clinical trial is to examine whether it is possible to reduce postoperative complications using an individualized perioperative ventilatory strategy versus using a standard lung-protective ventilation strategy in patients scheduled for thoracic surgery requiring one-lung ventilation. Design: International, multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: A network of university hospitals. Participants: The study comprises 1,380 patients scheduled for thoracic surgery. Interventions: The individualized group will receive intraoperative recruitment maneuvers followed by individualized positive end-expiratory pressure (open lung approach) during the intraoperative period plus postoperative ventilatory support with high-flow nasal cannula, whereas the control group will be managed with conventional lung-protective ventilation. Measurements and Main Results: Individual and total number of postoperative complications, including atelectasis, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, pneumonia, acute lung injury; unplanned readmission and reintubation; length of stay and death in the critical care unit and in the hospital will be analyzed for both groups. The authors hypothesize that the intraoperative application of an open lung approach followed by an individual indication of high-flow nasal cannula in the postoperative period will reduce pulmonary complications and length of hospital stay in high-risk surgical patients. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier Inc.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Damgaard, P. D., et al.
(författare)
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The first horse herders and the impact of early Bronze Age steppe expansions into Asia
- 2018
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 360:6396
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Yamnaya expansions from the western steppe into Europe and Asia during the Early Bronze Age (similar to 3000 BCE) are believed to have brought with them Indo-European languages and possibly horse husbandry. We analyzed 74 ancient whole-genome sequences from across Inner Asia and Anatolia and show that the Botai people associated with the earliest horse husbandry derived from a hunter-gatherer population deeply diverged from the Yamnaya. Our results also suggest distinct migrations bringing West Eurasian ancestry into South Asia before and after, but not at the time of, Yamnaya culture. We find no evidence of steppe ancestry in Bronze Age Anatolia from when Indo-European languages are attested there. Thus, in contrast to Europe, Early Bronze Age Yamnaya-related migrations had limited direct genetic impact in Asia.
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| 18. |
- Haelewaters, D., et al.
(författare)
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Fungal Systematics and Evolution: FUSE 6
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sydowia. - 0082-0598. ; 72, s. 171-296
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fungal Systematics and Evolution (FUSE) is one of the journal series to address the“fusion”between morphological data and molecular phylogenetic data and to describe new fungal taxa and interesting observations. This paper is the 6th contribution in the FUSE series—presenting one new genus, twelve new species, twelve new country records, and three new combinations. The new genus is: Pseudozeugandromyces (Laboulbeniomycetes, Laboulbeniales). The new species are: Albatrellopsis flettioides from Pakistan, Aureoboletus garciae from Mexico, Entoloma canadense from Canada, E. frigidum from Sweden, E. porphyroleucum from Vietnam, Erythrophylloporus flammans from Vietnam, Marasmiellus boreoorientalis from Kamchatka Peninsula in the Russian Far East, Marasmiellus longistipes from Pakistan, Pseudozeugandromyces tachypori on Tachyporus pusillus (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from Belgium, Robillarda sohagensis from Egypt, Trechispora hondurensis from Honduras, and Tricholoma kena- nii from Turkey. The new records are: Arthrorhynchus eucampsipodae on Eucampsipoda africanum (Diptera, Nycteribiidae) from Rwanda and South Africa, and on Nycteribia vexata (Diptera, Nycteribiidae) from Bulgaria; A. nycteribiae on Eucampsipoda africanum from South Africa, on Penicillidia conspicua (Diptera, Nycteribiidae) from Bulgaria (the first undoubtful country record), and on Penicillidia pachymela from Tanzania; Calvatia lilacina from Pakistan; Entoloma shangdongense from Pakistan; Erysiphe quercicola on Ziziphus jujuba (Rosales, Rhamnaceae) and E. urticae on Urtica dioica (Rosales, Urticaceae) from Paki- stan; Fanniomyces ceratophorus on Fannia canicularis (Diptera, Faniidae) from the Netherlands; Marasmiellus biformis and M. subnudus from Pakistan; Morchella anatolica from Turkey; Ophiocordyceps ditmarii on Vespula vulgaris (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from Austria; and Parvacoccum pini on Pinus cembra (Pinales, Pinaceae) from Austria. The new combinations are: Ap pendiculina gregaria, A. scaptomyzae, and Marasmiellus rodhallii. Analysis of an LSU dataset of Arthrorhynchus including isolates of A. eucampsipodae from Eucampsipoda africanum and Nycteribia spp. hosts, revealed that this taxon is a complex of multiple species segregated by host genus. Analysis of an SSU–LSU dataset of Laboulbeniomycetes sequences revealed support for the recognition of four monophyletic genera within Stigmatomyces sensu lato: Appendiculina, Fanniomyces, Gloeandromyces, and Stigmatomyces sensu stricto. Finally, phylogenetic analyses of Rhytismataceae based on ITS–LSU ribosomal DNA resulted in a close relationship of Parvacoccum pini with Coccomyces strobi.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Law, Andrew M. K., et al.
(författare)
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ALTEN: A High‐Fidelity Primary Tissue‐Engineering Platform to Assess Cellular Responses Ex Vivo
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advanced Science. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2198-3844. ; 9:21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To fully investigate cellular responses to stimuli and perturbations within tissues, it is essential to replicate the complex molecular interactions within the local microenvironment of cellular niches. Here, the authors introduce Alginate-based tissue engineering (ALTEN), a biomimetic tissue platform that allows ex vivo analysis of explanted tissue biopsies. This method preserves the original characteristics of the source tissue's cellular milieu, allowing multiple and diverse cell types to be maintained over an extended period of time. As a result, ALTEN enables rapid and faithful characterization of perturbations across specific cell types within a tissue. Importantly, using single-cell genomics, this approach provides integrated cellular responses at the resolution of individual cells. ALTEN is a powerful tool for the analysis of cellular responses upon exposure to cytotoxic agents and immunomodulators. Additionally, ALTEN's scalability using automated microfluidic devices for tissue encapsulation and subsequent transport, to enable centralized high-throughput analysis of samples gathered by large-scale multicenter studies, is shown.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Munoz-Gama, Jorge, et al.
(författare)
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Process mining for healthcare : Characteristics and challenges
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Informatics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-0464 .- 1532-0480. ; 127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Process mining techniques can be used to analyse business processes using the data logged during their execution. These techniques are leveraged in a wide range of domains, including healthcare, where it focuses mainly on the analysis of diagnostic, treatment, and organisational processes. Despite the huge amount of data generated in hospitals by staff and machinery involved in healthcare processes, there is no evidence of a systematic uptake of process mining beyond targeted case studies in a research context. When developing and using process mining in healthcare, distinguishing characteristics of healthcare processes such as their variability and patient-centred focus require targeted attention. Against this background, the Process-Oriented Data Science in Healthcare Alliance has been established to propagate the research and application of techniques targeting the data-driven improvement of healthcare processes. This paper, an initiative of the alliance, presents the distinguishing characteristics of the healthcare domain that need to be considered to successfully use process mining, as well as open challenges that need to be addressed by the community in the future.
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| 25. |
- Sureda, A, et al.
(författare)
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Harmonizing definitions for hematopoietic recovery, graft rejection, graft failure, poor graft function, and donor chimerism in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: a report on behalf of the EBMT, ASTCT, CIBMTR, and APBMT
- 2024
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Ingår i: Bone marrow transplantation. - 1476-5365. ; 59:6, s. 832-837
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 26. |
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| 29. |
- De La Fuente, Alerie Guzman, et al.
(författare)
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Pericytes Stimulate Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Differentiation during CNS Remyelination
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cell Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-1247. ; 20:8, s. 1755-1764
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of the neurovascular niche in CNS myelin regeneration is incompletely understood. Here, we show that, upon demyelination, CNS-resident pericytes (PCs) proliferate, and parenchymal non-vessel-associated PC-like cells (PLCs) rapidly develop. During remyelination, mature oligodendrocytes were found in close proximity to PCs. In Pdgfb(ret/ret) mice, which have reduced PC numbers, oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) differentiation was delayed, although remyelination proceeded to completion. PC-conditioned medium accelerated and enhanced OPC differentiation in vitro and increased the rate of remyelination in an ex vivo cerebellar slice model of demyelination. We identified Lama2 as a PC-derived factor that promotes OPC differentiation. Thus, the functional role of PCs is not restricted to vascular homeostasis but includes the modulation of adult CNS progenitor cells involved in regeneration.
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| 30. |
- De La Fuente Durán, Ana, et al.
(författare)
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Origins of hydrogen peroxide selectivity during oxygen reduction on organic mixed ionic-electronic conducting polymers
- 2023
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Ingår i: Energy and Environmental Sciences. - 1754-5692 .- 1754-5706. ; 16:11, s. 5409-5422
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrochemical reduction of atmospheric oxygen provides carbon emission-free pathways for the generation of electricity from chemical fuels and for the distributed production of green chemical oxidants like hydrogen peroxide. Recently, organic mixed ionic-electronic conducting polymers (OMIECs) have been reported as a new class of active electrode materials for the oxygen reduction reaction. This work sets out to identify the operative oxygen reduction mechanism of OMIECs through a multi-faceted experimental and theoretical approach. Using a combination of pH-dependent electrochemical characterization, operando UV-Vis and Raman spectroscopy, and ab initio calculations, we find that the n-type OMIEC, p(NDI-T2 P75), displays pH-dependent activity for the selective reduction of oxygen to the 2-electron hydrogen peroxide product. We use microkinetic simulations of the electrochemical behavior to rationalize our experimental observations through a polaron-mediated, non-adsorptive pathway involving chemical reduction of oxygen to the 1-electron superoxide intermediate followed by pH-dependent catalytic disproportionation to hydrogen peroxide. Finally, this pathway is applied to understand the experimental oxygen reduction reactivity across several n- and p-type OMIECs.
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| 31. |
- Haas, SS, et al.
(författare)
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Normative modeling of brain morphometry in Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis
- 2023
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Ingår i: bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ImportanceThe lack of robust neuroanatomical markers of psychosis risk has been traditionally attributed to heterogeneity. A complementary hypothesis is that variation in neuroanatomical measures in the majority of individuals at psychosis risk may be nested within the range observed in healthy individuals.ObjectiveTo quantify deviations from the normative range of neuroanatomical variation in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P) and evaluate their overlap with healthy variation and their association with positive symptoms, cognition, and conversion to a psychotic disorder.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsClinical, IQ and FreeSurfer-derived regional measures of cortical thickness (CT), cortical surface area (SA), and subcortical volume (SV) from 1,340 CHR-P individuals [47.09% female; mean age: 20.75 (4.74) years] and 1,237 healthy individuals [44.70% female; mean age: 22.32 (4.95) years] from 29 international sites participating in the ENIGMA Clinical High Risk for Psychosis Working Group.Main Outcomes and MeasuresFor each regional morphometric measure, z-scores were computed that index the degree of deviation from the normative means of that measure in a healthy reference population (N=37,407). Average deviation scores (ADS) for CT, SA, SV, and globally across all measures (G) were generated by averaging the respective regional z-scores. Regression analyses were used to quantify the association of deviation scores with clinical severity and cognition and two-proportion z-tests to identify case-control differences in the proportion of individuals with infranormal (z<-1.96) or supranormal (z>1.96) scores.ResultsCHR-P and healthy individuals overlapped in the distributions of the observed values, regional z-scores, and all ADS vales. The proportion of CHR-P individuals with infranormal or supranormal values in any metric was low (<12%) and similar to that of healthy individuals. CHR-P individuals who converted to psychosis compared to those who did not convert had a higher percentage of infranormal values in temporal regions (5-7% vs 0.9-1.4%). In the CHR-P group, only the ADSSAshowed significant but weak associations (|β|<0.09; PFDR<0.05) with positive symptoms and IQ.Conclusions and RelevanceThe study findings challenge the usefulness of macroscale neuromorphometric measures as diagnostic biomarkers of psychosis risk and suggest that such measures do not provide an adequate explanation for psychosis risk.Key pointsQuestionIs the risk of psychosis associated with brain morphometric changes that deviate significantly from healthy variation?FindingsIn this study of 1340 individuals high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P) and 1237 healthy participants, individual-level variation in macroscale neuromorphometric measures of the CHR-P group was largely nested within healthy variation and was not associated with the severity of positive psychotic symptoms or conversion to a psychotic disorder.MeaningThe findings suggest the macroscale neuromorphometric measures have limited utility as diagnostic biomarkers of psychosis risk.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Mühlemann, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
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Diverse variola virus (smallpox) strains were widespread in northern Europe in the Viking Age
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science (New York, N.Y.). - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 369:6502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smallpox, one of the most devastating human diseases, killed between 300 million and 500 million people in the 20th century alone. We recovered viral sequences from 13 northern European individuals, including 11 dated to ~600-1050 CE, overlapping the Viking Age, and reconstructed near-complete variola virus genomes for four of them. The samples predate the earliest confirmed smallpox cases by ~1000 years, and the sequences reveal a now-extinct sister clade of the modern variola viruses that were in circulation before the eradication of smallpox. We date the most recent common ancestor of variola virus to ~1700 years ago. Distinct patterns of gene inactivation in the four near-complete sequences show that different evolutionary paths of genotypic host adaptation resulted in variola viruses that circulated widely among humans.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Sikora, M., et al.
(författare)
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The population history of northeastern Siberia since the Pleistocene
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 570:7760
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Northeastern Siberia has been inhabited by humans for more than 40,000 years but its deep population history remains poorly understood. Here we investigate the late Pleistocene population history of northeastern Siberia through analyses of 34 newly recovered ancient genomes that date to between 31,000 and 600 years ago. We document complex population dynamics during this period, including at least three major migration events: an initial peopling by a previously unknown Palaeolithic population of 'Ancient North Siberians' who are distantly related to early West Eurasian hunter-gatherers; the arrival of East Asian-related peoples, which gave rise to 'Ancient Palaeo-Siberians' who are closely related to contemporary communities from far-northeastern Siberia (such as the Koryaks), as well as Native Americans; and a Holocene migration of other East Asian-related peoples, who we name 'Neo-Siberians', and from whom many contemporary Siberians are descended. Each of these population expansions largely replaced the earlier inhabitants, and ultimately generated the mosaic genetic make-up of contemporary peoples who inhabit a vast area across northern Eurasia and the Americas.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Bravo, Maria J., et al.
(författare)
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Reasons for selecting an initial route of heroin administration and for subsequent transitions during a severe HIV epidemic
- 2003
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Ingår i: Addiction. - : Wiley. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 98:6, s. 749-760
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To identify the most important reasons for selecting a particular route of heroin administration and for subsequent transitions during a period of epidemic HIV transmission. To study temporal trends in these reasons.Design Cross-sectional survey.Participants Nine hundred heroin users in three Spanish cities: 305 in Seville, 297 in Madrid and 298 in Barcelona.Measurements A separate analysis was made of the reasons for five types of behaviour: (a) selecting injection as the initial usual route of heroin administration (URHA); (b) changing the URHA to injection; (c) never having injected drugs; (d) selecting the smoked or sniffed route as the initial URHA; and (e) changing the URHA to a non-injected route. Subjects were invited to evaluate the importance of each reason included in a closed list. Spontaneously self-perceived reasons were also explored in an open-ended question for each of the five types of behaviour studied.Findings The primary reason selected for each type of behaviour was: (a) pressure of the social environment; (b) belief that injection is a more efficient route than smoking or sniffing heroin; (c) concern about health consequences (especially fears of HIV and overdose), and fear of blood or of sticking a needle into one's veins; (d), pressure of the social environment and (e) concern about health consequences and vein problems. For women, having a sexual partner who injected heroin played a decisive role in initiating or changing to injection. Few people spontaneously mentioned market conditions for purchasing heroin as an important reason for any behaviour, nor did many mention risk of overdose as reasons for (c) or (d).Conclusions These findings should be considered when designing interventions aimed at preventing initiation of injecting or facilitating the transition to non-injected routes.
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| 39. |
- Chang, Tingru, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of historic copper patinas. Influence of inclusions on patina uniformity
- 2017
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Ingår i: Materials. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1944. ; 10:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The morphology and elemental composition of cross sections of eight historic copper materials have been explored. The materials were taken from copper roofs installed in different middle and northern European environments from the 16th to the 19th century. All copper substrates contain inclusions of varying size, number and composition, reflecting different copper ores and production methods. The largest inclusions have a size of up to 40 μm, with most inclusions in the size ranging between 2 and 10 μm. The most common element in the inclusions is O, followed by Pb, Sb and As. Minor elements include Ni, Sn and Fe. All historic patinas exhibit quite fragmentized bilayer structures, with a thin inner layer of cuprite (Cu2O) and a thicker outer one consisting mainly of brochantite (Cu4SO4(OH)6). The extent of patina fragmentation seems to depend on the size of the inclusions, rather than on their number and elemental composition. The larger inclusions are electrochemically nobler than the surrounding copper matrix. This creates micro-galvanic effects resulting both in a profound influence on the homogeneity and morphology of historic copper patinas and in a significantly increased ratio of the thicknesses of the brochantite and cuprite layers. The results suggest that copper patinas formed during different centuries exhibit variations in uniformity and corrosion protection ability.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- de la Fuente, Luis, et al.
(författare)
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Metodología del estudio de cohortes del proyecto ITINERE sobre consumidores de heroína en tres ciudades españolas y características básicas de los participantes
- 2005
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Ingår i: Revista Española de Salud Pública. - 1135-5727. ; 79, s. 475-491
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cohort Study Methodology of the ITINERE Project on Heroin Users in Three Spanish Cities and Main Characteristics of the ParticipantsBackground: Cohort studies make it possible to monitor the health impact of drug use and to identify related factors. We describe the methodology and baseline characteristics of a cohort of heroin users designed with this objective. Methods: The participants were 991 young, community-recruited heroin users in Barcelona, Madrid and Seville. Most subjects were named by other participants (39.7%) or by non-participating drug users or ex-users (44.7%). A computer-aided questionnaire was administered (self-administered with audio for questions related with sex). A dried-blood spot sample was collected and anthropometric measurements were made. Both participants and recruiters received remuneration. Univariate and bivariate statistical methods were used. Results: Some 42.4% had changed the main route of heroin administration, mainly to injection in Barcelona and to the pulmonary route in Seville. About 75.8% (Barcelona), 49.8% (Madrid), and 15.5% (Seville) had injected drugs in the last 12 months. In Madrid and Seville, 96-97% used heroin in base form, while in Barcelona heroin hydrochloride predominated. Heroin and cocaine were frequently mixed in the same dose (generally base cocaine in Madrid and Seville, and cocaine hydrochloride in Barcelona). Conclusions: Important geographic differences persist in the prevalence of drug injection and in the patterns of heroin and cocaine use, which could explain the unequal distribution of some health problems. The difficulties encountered in recruiting the sample suggest that the incidence of heroin use has declined considerably.
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| 43. |
- de la Fuente, R, et al.
(författare)
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Epigenetic Dysregulation of Mammalian Male Meiosis Caused by Interference of Recombination and Synapsis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cells. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4409. ; 10:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Meiosis involves a series of specific chromosome events, namely homologous synapsis, recombination, and segregation. Disruption of either recombination or synapsis in mammals results in the interruption of meiosis progression during the first meiotic prophase. This is usually accompanied by a defective transcriptional inactivation of the X and Y chromosomes, which triggers a meiosis breakdown in many mutant models. However, epigenetic changes and transcriptional regulation are also expected to affect autosomes. In this work, we studied the dynamics of epigenetic markers related to chromatin silencing, transcriptional regulation, and meiotic sex chromosome inactivation throughout meiosis in knockout mice for genes encoding for recombination proteins SPO11, DMC1, HOP2 and MLH1, and the synaptonemal complex proteins SYCP1 and SYCP3. These models are defective in recombination and/or synapsis and promote apoptosis at different stages of progression. Our results indicate that impairment of recombination and synapsis alter the dynamics and localization pattern of epigenetic marks, as well as the transcriptional regulation of both autosomes and sex chromosomes throughout prophase-I progression. We also observed that the morphological progression of spermatocytes throughout meiosis and the dynamics of epigenetic marks are processes that can be desynchronized upon synapsis or recombination alteration. Moreover, we detected an overlap of early and late epigenetic signatures in most mutants, indicating that the normal epigenetic transitions are disrupted. This can alter the transcriptional shift that occurs in spermatocytes in mid prophase-I and suggest that the epigenetic regulation of sex chromosomes, but also of autosomes, is an important factor in the impairment of meiosis progression in mammals.
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| 44. |
- De La Fuente Vilar, Alejandra, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Memory of Uncooperative Witnesses
- 2017
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Ingår i: Pitch presentation during the 2017 conference of the European Association of Psychology and Law in Mechelen, Belgium.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction Despite the importance of their testimony, witnesses rarely provide sufficient information (Kebbell & Milne, 1998). However, witnesses’ reports are not necessarily a representation of memory. In fact, lack of reporting does not equal to lack of memory. But, there is no empirical evidence on whether memory is protected if it is not reported. This will be the first study to examine whether level of cooperation during an investigative interview affects memory for the target event. Specifically, we aim to learn whether memory traces are conserved when witnesses are uncooperative. Method During an in-person session, all participants will watch a mock-crime video clip and serve as eyewitnesses. They will be randomly assigned to only one of four interviewing conditions: control, enhanced cooperative style and two uncooperative style groups. Participants in the uncooperative groups will be told that the police believe they also participated in the crime. It is expected that participants to avoid self-incrimination will be less cooperative than those who are independent witnesses. Further, those in the enhanced cooperative condition will receive an extra incentive to facilitate disclosure. After a week, only one of the uncooperative groups will be debriefed. All groups will be interviewed again. Memory performance will be measured in both interviews. Results A literature review regarding memory for the unsaid (i.e., what is remembered and not disclosed) shows mixed results. Lack of disclosure of information can be accompanied, or not, by remembering. Thus, not reporting may lead to forgetting, but also to memory facilitation (Stone, Coman, Brown, Koppel & Hirst, 2012). As this is an exploratory study, no directional hypotheses are formulated. Preliminary data will be presented during the conference. Discussion Learning about how interview cooperation style affects memory and how this can be best recalled at a later stage is of particular relevance.
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| 45. |
- De La Fuente Vilar, Alejandra, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Uncooperative Witnesses and their Inclination to Disclose Information
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Association of Psychology and Law (EAPL) Conference. Turku, Finland: 26-29 June 2018.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives Police rely on witness testimony to advance criminal investigations; however, witnesses do not always cooperate. Despite the importance of witness cooperation for gathering information during investigative interviews, it has received little scrutiny. We examined the extent to which witness cooperation affects information disclosure, and how lack of cooperation affects the reliability of witness testimony. Method Participants (N=139) watched a mock-crime video and were interviewed twice over a two-week period. They were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions: control, cooperative and two uncooperative groups. In the cooperative group, participants were informed they were key witnesses, whereas those in the control condition did not receive especial instructions. Participants in the uncooperative groups were told the police believed they participated in the crime, but before the second interview one of the uncooperative groups was informed they were not longer incriminated. The amount of information disclosed was measured in both interviews. Results Data is currently being analysed and will be presented at the conference. We predict that witness cooperation level will affect information disclosure during investigative interviews. Specifically, uncooperative interviewees will disclose less detailed information, and will omit crime relevant facts, compared to those in the cooperative and control conditions. Additionally, we will examine whether memory for initially unreported information is impaired by an initial uncooperative interview. Conclusion Understanding how witness cooperation affects information gathering during investigative interviews is relevant to examine the reliability of testimonies from uncooperative witnesses, and to inform interviewing practice that promotes cooperative reporting and facilitates disclosure.
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| 46. |
- De La Fuente Vilar, Alejandra, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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What if Witnesses are Uncooperative? – A Glimpse on Current Interviewing Practice in The Netherlands.
- 2018
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Ingår i: 11th Annual Conference & Masterclas of the International Investigative Interviewing Research Group (iIIRG). Porto, Portugal: July 2018.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives Research has informed best practice guidelines to interview witnesses however, their efficacy and application are highly dependent on the level of cooperation from the interviewee, questioning their suitability when witnesses do not cooperate. Despite its importance, how to best interview uncooperative witnesses has received little attention. We aimed to obtain an insight into current interviewing practice when conducting investigative interviews with uncooperative witnesses. Method Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten police officers working as interviewers, interviewing instructors, and researchers. Transcribed interviews were analysed following a thematic analysis. Results Witness cooperation had a significant impact on interviewing style. Officers identified the lack of a specific interviewing protocol and training to gain witness cooperation challenging. This leads to intuitive interviewing, and great variance in preferred interviewing strategies and question type. While some focus on building rapport and facilitate witness protection to promote disclosure, others focus on confronting witnesses with the legal consequences of lack of cooperation and making moral appeals to overcome witness resistance. Conclusion Witnesses’ unwillingness to disclose information during investigative interviews can hinder criminal investigations. Understanding how uncooperative witnesses are interviewed informs how to improve interviewing practice that promotes cooperative reporting and facilitate eliciting complete and accurate witness accounts.
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| 47. |
- Gatica-Ortega, María Elena, et al.
(författare)
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Contact dermatitis from glucose sensors in Spain : A multicentric approach
- 2021
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 85:5, s. 554-562
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Allergic contact dermatitis from glucose sensors may interfere with their ongoing application. Objective: To evaluate a series of Spanish patients with contact dermatitis to glucose sensors regarding former sources of contact allergens, patch test results, and outcomes from the ongoing use of the device. Methods: A series of patients with contact dermatitis from glucose sensors was investigated in eight dermatology departments across Spain (epidemiological features, brands, latency time to develop dermatitis, the ability to continue using the devices as well as the patch test results). Results: Thirty patients were evaluated (mean age 20.9 years). A total of 66.7% were children and 66.7% female. Ninety per cent used Freestyle Libre (FSL). Eight of 26 (30.8%) reacted to isobornyl acrylate (IBOA) and two of 20 (10.0%) to N,N dimethylacrylamide (DMAA). The mean latency time to develop dermatitis was 9 months. Sixteen of 29 (55.2%) patients continued using the same sensor causing the reaction. Thirteen of 29 (44.8%) patients were unable to continue using the sensor because of severe reactions. Of these, five were positive to IBOA, one to IBOA and DMAA, one to DMAA, one to colophony, and one to isopropyl alcohol wipes. In one patient, the outcome was unknown. Conclusion: The frequency of sensitisation to IBOA and DMAA, was lower than in other European series, but similar to a previously published Spanish article. Legislation requiring manufacturers to provide information regarding the composition of medical devices and cooperate with the investigations into contact dermatitis is urgently needed.
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| 48. |
- Huttenhain, Ruth, et al.
(författare)
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A targeted mass spectrometry strategy for developing proteomic biomarkers : a case study of epithelial ovarian cancer
- 2019
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Ingår i: Molecular and Cellular Proteomics. - 1535-9484. ; 18:9, s. 1836-1850
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Protein biomarkers for epithelial ovarian cancer are critical for the early detection of the cancer to improve patient prognosis and for the clinical management of the disease to monitor treatment response and to detect recurrences. Unfortunately, the discovery of protein biomarkers is hampered by the limited availability of reliable and sensitive assays needed for the reproducible quantification of proteins in complex biological matrices such as blood plasma. In recent years, targeted mass spectrometry, exemplified by Selected Reaction Monitoring (SRM) has emerged as a method, capable of overcoming this limitation. Here, we present a comprehensive SRM-based strategy for developing plasma-based protein biomarkers for epithelial ovarian cancer and illustrate how the SRM platform, when combined with rigorous experimental design and statistical analysis, can result in detection of predictive analytes.Our biomarker development strategy first involved a discovery-driven proteomic effort to derive potential N-glycoprotein biomarker candidates for plasma-based detection of human ovarian cancer from a genetically engineered mouse model of endometrioid ovarian cancer, which accurately recapitulates the human disease. Next, 65 candidate markers selected from proteins of different abundance in the discovery dataset were reproducibly quantified with SRM assays across a large cohort of over 200 plasma samples from ovarian cancer patients and healthy controls. Finally, these measurements were used to derive a 5-protein signature for distinguishing individuals with epithelial ovarian cancer from healthy controls. The sensitivity of the candidate biomarker signature in combination with CA125 ELISA-based measurements currently used in clinic, exceeded that of CA125 ELISA-based measurements alone. The SRM-based strategy in this study is broadly applicable. It can be used in any study that requires accurate and reproducible quantification of selected proteins in a high-throughput and multiplexed fashion.
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| 49. |
- Martin de la Fuente, L., et al.
(författare)
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Claudin-4 expression is associated with progression free survival in ovarian cancer, but not with chemotherapy response
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Gynecological Pathology. - 0277-1691. ; 37:2, s. 101-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The tight junction protein claudin-4 has been reported to be overexpressed in advanced ovarian cancer. We investigated the prognostic significance of claudin-4 overexpression and whether claudin-4 expression could predict platinum response in primary ovarian carcinoma (OC). Claudin-4 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray of 140 OCs. Multivariable Cox-regression models were used to assess the effect of claudin-4 overexpression on progression-free survival and overall survival (OS). Kaplan-Meier survival analyses and the logrank test were performed comparing claudin-4 high and low groups. The association between claudin-4 expression and platinum resistance was assessed using risk ratios and the Pearson χ 2 test. A dataset of >1500 epithelial ovarian cancers was used to study the association between CLDN4 mRNA and survival. Of 140 evaluable cases, 71 (51%) displayed high claudin-4 expression. Claudin-4 overexpression predicted shorter 5-yr progression-free survival and OS in univariable analyses [hazard ratio (HR)=1.6 (1.1-2.5), P=0.020 and HR=1.6 (1.0-2.4), P=0.041, respectively]. Hazard of relapse was similar [HR=1.5 (1.0-2.4)] after adjustment for age, stage, type, and BRCA1/2 status in a multivariable analysis, but the evidence was slightly weaker (P=0.076). Validation in an external cohort confirmed the association between high expression of CLDN4 and poor 10-yr OS [HR=1.3 (1.1-1.5), P<0.001]. However, no confident association between claudin-4 and platinum sensitivity was found in our cohort [risk ratio=1.2 (0.7-2.0), P=0.3]. These findings suggest that high expression of claudin-4 may have a prognostic value in OC. The role of claudin-4 in the development of platinum resistance remains unclear.
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| 50. |
- Morcillo, M., et al.
(författare)
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Characterisation of a centuries-old patinated copper roof tile from Queen Anne's Summer Palace in Prague
- 2017
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Ingår i: Materials Characterization. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 1044-5803 .- 1873-4189. ; 133, s. 146-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an in-depth characterisation study of the patina formed on a copper tile taken from the roof of Queen Anne's Summer Palace in Prague after > 300 years of exposure to the action of the atmosphere. A wide variety of techniques have been used, including metallographic and chemical analysis (electrogravimetry, AAS, XRF) of the copper matrix, and spectroscopic and microscopic investigations (GIXRD, FTIR, TEM/EDS and SEM/ EDS) to determine the composition and structure of the patina. The major conclusions of the study are: (a) the base copper contains abundant inclusions mainly of rosiaite (PbSb2O6); (b) the patina is formed by an inner sublayer of cuprite (Cu2O) and an outer sublayer of brochantite [Cu4SO4(OH)(6)] and antlerite [Cu3SO4(OH)(4)] and traces of azurite [Cu-3(CO3)(2)(OH)(2)]; and (c) the brochantite/antlerite crystals are randomly doped with Fe and C.
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