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- Atak, Kivanc, 1983-, et al.
(author)
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Popular uprisings in Turkey : Police culpability and constraints on dialogue-oriented policing in Gezi Park and beyond
- 2016
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In: European Journal of Criminology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-3708 .- 1741-2609. ; 13:5, s. 610-625
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The policing of riots and uprisings poses severe challenges to the police. Yet the police are often culpable in the disturbances touched off by a precipitating incident of police violence or a crackdown on a peaceful protest. The Gezi Park uprisings in Turkey also broke out shortly after excessive force by the Istanbul police against a handful of peaceful activists in Taksim Square. In the aftermath of the mobilizations, however, a drift towards a ‘zero-tolerance’ approach has prevailed over protest control strategies. Drawing on field notes, interviews with activists, excerpts from the news media, protest event analysis and secondary literature, we argue that the chances of dialogue-oriented policing are hampered by two major predicaments in Turkey. The first pertains to the negative biases in police perceptions about protests and protesters that serve to justify and perpetuate a conflict-driven understanding of policing. The second is rooted in the institutional and policy realm and stems from the prevalence of a law-and-order approach to crowd control and public order.
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| 6. |
- della Porta, Donatella, et al.
(author)
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The Paradoxes of Democracy and the Rule of Law
- 2018
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In: Rethinking Society for the 21st Century. Volume 2: Political Regulation, Governance, and Societal Transformations. Report of the International Panel on Social Progress. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 9781108399579 ; , s. 373-410
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 7. |
- Demetriou, Chares, et al.
(author)
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Legitimization of Social Movements
- 2022. - 2
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In: The Wiley-Blackwell encyclopedia of social and political movements.
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Demetriou, Chares, et al.
(author)
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Violence and Social Movements
- 2022. - 2
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In: The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social and Political Movements. - : Wiley.
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Poljarevic, Emin, PhD
(author)
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Exploring Individual Motivation for Social Change : Mobilization of the Muslim Brotherhood's Youth in Prerevolutionary Egypt
- 2012
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- During the 2010s islamist activism is on the rise across the Middle East and North Africa. In the light of the postrevolutionary elections in Egypt and Tunisia, Islamist parties are sweeping the polls supported by theoverwhelming majority of voters. This dissertation investigates the dynamic of this support for theEgyptian Muslim Brotherhood. The explanation of individual activists’ motivation behind this form ofmiddle-class activism has been investigated by exploring individual beliefs, emotions and identities.Activists’ motivational explanations and representation do not develop in a vacuum, outside of aspecific context. Explaining the configuration of collective action therefore requires an analysis of apattern of social characteristics using a spectrum of social movement theories. The long-termcontentious relationship between the various Egyptian authoritarian regimes and the MuslimBrotherhood produced an Islamist resistance culture with a particular set of incitements for wouldbe activists. Middle-class activists have primarily been motivated by the Brotherhood’s ability toeducate its followers through a multi-stage membership process. During this process youth activistshave acquired a strengthened sense of individual purpose. They also possess organizational skills andhave successfully ascended the social ladder, leading to a feeling of moral superiority and a degreeof personal autonomy even within an authoritarian socio-political context. The social movementorganization serves as a facilitator of structured dissent and its success depends ultimately on itsability to recognize the basic needs of a frustrated population. Sympathizers of a particular socialmovement organization in turn seek realistic forms of dissent which correspond to their system ofvalues and practices.
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| 13. |
- Poljarevic, Emin, FD, et al.
(author)
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Social Movements and Civil Wars : When Protests for Democratization Fail
- 2017
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Book (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The main aim of this volume is to develop a theoretical explanation of the conditions under which and the mechanisms through which social movements’ struggles for democracy end up in civil war. While the empirical evidence suggests that this is not a rare phenomenon, the literatures on social movements, democratization and civil wars have grown apart from each other. At the theoretical level, Social Movements and Civil War bridges insights in the three fields, looking in particular at explanations of the radicalization of social movements, the failure of democratization processes and the onset of civil war. In doing this, it builds upon the relational approach developed in contentious politics with the aim of singling out robust causal mechanisms. At the empirical level, the research provides in-depth descriptions of four cases of trajectory from social movements for democratization into civil wars: in Syria, Libya, Yemen and the former Yugoslavia. Conditions such as the double weakness of civil society and the state, the presence of entrepreneurs of violence as well as normative and material resources for violence, ethnic and tribal divisions, domestic and international military interventions are considered as influencing the chains of actors’ choices rather than as structural determinants.
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