| 1. |
- Thomas, HS, et al.
(författare)
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- 2019
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Abdalla, H., et al.
(författare)
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Searching for TeV Gamma-Ray Emission from SGR 1935+2154 during Its 2020 X-Ray and Radio Bursting Phase
- 2021
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 919:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Magnetar hyperflares are the most plausible explanation for fast radio bursts (FRBs)-enigmatic powerful radio pulses with durations of several milliseconds and high brightness temperatures. The first observational evidence for this scenario was obtained in 2020 April when an FRB was detected from the direction of the Galactic magnetar and soft gamma-ray repeater SGR 1935+2154. The FRB was preceded by two gamma-ray outburst alerts by the BAT instrument aboard the Swift satellite, which triggered follow-up observations by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.). H.E.S.S. observed SGR 1935+2154 for 2 hr on 2020 April 28. The observations are coincident with X-ray bursts from the magnetar detected by INTEGRAL and Fermi-GBM, thus providing the first very high energy gamma-ray observations of a magnetar in a flaring state. High-quality data acquired during these follow-up observations allow us to perform a search for short-time transients. No significant signal at energies E > 0.6 TeV is found, and upper limits on the persistent and transient emission are derived. We here present the analysis of these observations and discuss the obtained results and prospects of the H.E.S.S. follow-up program for soft gamma-ray repeaters.
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| 4. |
- Delios, A., et al.
(författare)
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Examining the generalizability of research findings from archival data
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 119:30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This initiative examined systematically the extent to which a large set of archival research findings generalizes across contexts. We repeated the key analyses for 29 original strategic management effects in the same context (direct reproduction) as well as in 52 novel time periods and geographies; 45% of the reproductions returned results matching the original reports together with 55% of tests in different spans of years and 40% of tests in novel geographies. Some original findings were associated with multiple new tests. Reproducibility was the best predictor of generalizability-for the findings that proved directly reproducible, 84% emerged in other available time periods and 57% emerged in other geographies. Overall, only limited empirical evidence emerged for context sensitivity. In a forecasting survey, independent scientists were able to anticipate which effects would find support in tests in new samples.
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| 5. |
- Tierney, W., et al.
(författare)
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A creative destruction approach to replication : Implicit work and sex morality across cultures
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-1031 .- 1096-0465. ; 93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How can we maximize what is learned from a replication study? In the creative destruction approach to replication, the original hypothesis is compared not only to the null hypothesis, but also to predictions derived from multiple alternative theoretical accounts of the phenomenon. To this end, new populations and measures are included in the design in addition to the original ones, to help determine which theory best accounts for the results across multiple key outcomes and contexts. The present pre-registered empirical project compared the Implicit Puritanism account of intuitive work and sex morality to theories positing regional, religious, and social class differences; explicit rather than implicit cultural differences in values; self-expression vs. survival values as a key cultural fault line; the general moralization of work; and false positive effects. Contradicting Implicit Puritanism's core theoretical claim of a distinct American work morality, a number of targeted findings replicated across multiple comparison cultures, whereas several failed to replicate in all samples and were identified as likely false positives. No support emerged for theories predicting regional variability and specific individual-differences moderators (religious affiliation, religiosity, and education level). Overall, the results provide evidence that work is intuitively moralized across cultures.
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| 6. |
- Abdalla, H., et al.
(författare)
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Search for Dark Matter Annihilation Signals from Unidentified Fermi-LAT Objects with HESS
- 2021
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 918:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cosmological N-body simulations show that Milky Way-sized galaxies harbor a population of unmerged dark matter (DM) subhalos. These subhalos could shine in gamma-rays and eventually be detected in gamma-ray surveys as unidentified sources. We performed a thorough selection among unidentified Fermi-Large Area Telescope Objects (UFOs) to identify them as possible tera-electron-volt-scale DM subhalo candidates. We search for very-high-energy (E greater than or similar to 100 GeV) gamma-ray emissions using H.E.S.S. observations toward four selected UFOs. Since no significant very-high-energy gamma-ray emission is detected in any data set of the four observed UFOs or in the combined UFO data set, strong constraints are derived on the product of the velocity-weighted annihilation cross section sigma v by the J factor for the DM models. The 95% confidence level observed upper limits derived from combined H.E.S.S. observations reach sigma vJ values of 3.7 x 10(-5) and 8.1 x 10(-6) GeV(2 )cm(-2 )s(-1) in the W (+) W (-) and tau (+) tau (-) channels, respectively, for a 1 TeV DM mass. Focusing on thermal weakly interacting massive particles, the H.E.S.S. constraints restrict the J factors to lie in the range 6.1 x 10(19)-2.0 x 10(21) GeV(2 )cm(-5) and the masses to lie between 0.2 and 6 TeV in the W (+) W (-) channel. For the tau (+) tau (-) channel, the J factors lie in the range 7.0 x 10(19)-7.1 x 10(20) GeV(2 )cm(-5) and the masses lie between 0.2 and 0.5 TeV. Assuming model-dependent predictions from cosmological N-body simulations on the J-factor distribution for Milky Way-sized galaxies, the DM models with masses >0.3 TeV for the UFO emissions can be ruled out at high confidence level.
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| 7. |
- Abdalla, H., et al.
(författare)
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LMC N132D : A mature supernova remnant with a power-law gamma-ray spectrum extending beyond 8 TeV
- 2021
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 655
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. Supernova remnants (SNRs) are commonly thought to be the dominant sources of Galactic cosmic rays up to the knee of the cosmic-ray spectrum at a few PeV. Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes have revealed young SNRs as very-high-energy (VHE, >100 GeV) gamma-ray sources, but for only a few SNRs the hadronic cosmic-ray origin of their gamma-ray emission is indisputably established. In all these cases, the gamma-ray spectra exhibit a spectral cutoff at energies much below 100 TeV and thus do not reach the PeVatron regime. Aims. The aim of this work was to achieve a firm detection for the oxygen-rich SNR LMC N132D in the VHE gamma-ray domain with an extended set of data, and to clarify the spectral characteristics and the localization of the gamma-ray emission from this exceptionally powerful gamma-ray-emitting SNR. Methods. We analyzed 252 h of High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) observations towards SNR N132D that were accumulated between December 2004 and March 2016 during a deep survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud, adding 104 h of observations to the previously published data set to ensure a > 5 sigma detection. To broaden the gamma-ray spectral coverage required for modeling the spectral energy distribution, an analysis of Fermi-LAT Pass 8 data was also included. Results. We unambiguously detect N132D at VHE with a significance of 5.7 sigma. We report the results of a detailed analysis of its spectrum and localization based on the extended H.E.S.S. data set. The joint analysis of the extended H.E.S.S and Fermi-LAT data results in a spectral energy distribution in the energy range from 1.7 GeV to 14.8 TeV, which suggests a high luminosity of N132D at GeV and TeV energies. We set a lower limit on a gamma-ray cutoff energy of 8 TeV with a confidence level of 95%. The new gamma-ray spectrum as well as multiwavelength observations of N132D when compared to physical models suggests a hadronic origin of the VHE gamma-ray emission. Conclusions. SNR N132D is a VHE gamma-ray source that shows a spectrum extending to the VHE domain without a spectral cutoff at a few TeV, unlike the younger oxygen-rich SNR Cassiopeia A. The gamma-ray emission is best explained by a dominant hadronic component formed by diffusive shock acceleration. The gamma-ray properties of N132D may be affected by an interaction with a nearby molecular cloud that partially lies inside the 95% confidence region of the source position.
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| 8. |
- Sallee, J. B., et al.
(författare)
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Southern ocean carbon and heat impact on climate
- 2023
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Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. - 1364-503X .- 1471-2962. ; 381:2249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Southern Ocean greatly contributes to the regulation of the global climate by controlling important heat and carbon exchanges between the atmosphere and the ocean. Rates of climate change on decadal timescales are therefore impacted by oceanic processes taking place in the Southern Ocean, yet too little is known about these processes. Limitations come both from the lack of observations in this extreme environment and its inherent sensitivity to intermittent processes at scales that are not well captured in current Earth system models. The Southern Ocean Carbon and Heat Impact on Climate programme was launched to address this knowledge gap, with the overall objective to understand and quantify variability of heat and carbon budgets in the Southern Ocean through an investigation of the key physical processes controlling exchanges between the atmosphere, ocean and sea ice using a combination of observational and modelling approaches. Here, we provide a brief overview of the programme, as well as a summary of some of the scientific progress achieved during its first half. Advances range from new evidence of the importance of specific processes in Southern Ocean ventilation rate (e.g. storm-induced turbulence, sea-ice meltwater fronts, wind-induced gyre circulation, dense shelf water formation and abyssal mixing) to refined descriptions of the physical changes currently ongoing in the Southern Ocean and of their link with global climate.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Heat and carbon uptake in the Southern Ocean: the state of the art and future priorities'.
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| 9. |
- Duong, M., et al.
(författare)
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Mortality and cardiovascular and respiratory morbidity in individuals with impaired FEV 1 (PURE): an international, community-based cohort study
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Lancet Global Health. - 2214-109X. ; 7:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The associations between the extent of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) impairment and mortality, incident cardiovascular disease, and respiratory hospitalisations are unclear, and how these associations might vary across populations is unknown. Methods: In this international, community-based cohort study, we prospectively enrolled adults aged 35–70 years who had no intention of moving residences for 4 years from rural and urban communities across 17 countries. A portable spirometer was used to assess FEV 1 . FEV 1 values were standardised within countries for height, age, and sex, and expressed as a percentage of the country-specific predicted FEV 1 value (FEV 1 %). FEV 1 % was categorised as no impairment (FEV 1 % ≥0 SD from country-specific mean), mild impairment (FEV 1 % <0 SD to −1 SD), moderate impairment (FEV 1 % <–1 SD to −2 SDs), and severe impairment (FEV 1 % <–2 SDs [ie, clinically abnormal range]). Follow-up was done every 3 years to collect information on mortality, cardiovascular disease outcomes (including myocardial infarction, stroke, sudden death, or congestive heart failure), and respiratory hospitalisations (from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pneumonia, tuberculosis, or other pulmonary conditions). Fully adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated by multilevel Cox regression. Findings: Among 126 359 adults with acceptable spirometry data available, during a median 7·8 years (IQR 5·6–9·5) of follow-up, 5488 (4·3%) deaths, 5734 (4·5%) cardiovascular disease events, and 1948 (1·5%) respiratory hospitalisation events occurred. Relative to the no impairment group, mild to severe FEV 1 % impairments were associated with graded increases in mortality (HR 1·27 [95% CI 1·18–1·36] for mild, 1·74 [1·60–1·90] for moderate, and 2·54 [2·26–2·86] for severe impairment), cardiovascular disease (1·18 [1·10–1·26], 1·39 [1·28–1·51], 2·02 [1·75–2·32]), and respiratory hospitalisation (1·39 [1·24–1·56], 2·02 [1·75–2·32], 2·97 [2·45–3·60]), and this pattern persisted in subgroup analyses considering country income level and various baseline risk factors. Population-attributable risk for mortality (adjusted for age, sex, and country income) from mildly to moderately reduced FEV 1 % (24·7% [22·2–27·2]) was larger than that from severely reduced FEV 1 % (3·7% [2·1–5·2]) and from tobacco use (19·7% [17·2–22·3]), previous cardiovascular disease (5·5% [4·5–6·5]), and hypertension (17·1% [14·6–19·6]). Population-attributable risk for cardiovascular disease from mildly to moderately reduced FEV 1 was 17·3% (14·8–19·7), second only to the contribution of hypertension (30·1% [27·6–32·5]). Interpretation: FEV 1 is an independent and generalisable predictor of mortality, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory hospitalisation, even across the clinically normal range (mild to moderate impairment). Funding: Population Health Research Institute, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario, Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, AstraZeneca, Sanofi-Aventis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Servier, and GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, and King Pharma. Additional funders are listed in the appendix. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Hystad, P., et al.
(författare)
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Associations of outdoor fine particulate air pollution and cardiovascular disease in 157 436 individuals from 21 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (PURE): a prospective cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Lancet Planetary Health. - 2542-5196. ; 4:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Most studies of long-term exposure to outdoor fine particulate matter (PM5) and cardiovascular disease are from high-income countries with relatively low PM25 concentrations. It is unclear whether risks are similar in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and how outdoor PM contributes to the global burden of cardiovascular disease. In our analysis of the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study, we aimed to investigate the association between long-term exposure to come, middle-income, and low-income countries. Methods In this multinational, prospective cohort study, we studied 157 436 adults aged 35-70 years who were enrolled in the PURE study in countries with ambient PM25 estimates, for whom follow-up data were available. Cox proportional hazard frailty models were used to estimate the associations between long-term mean community outdoor PM concentrations and cardiovascular disease events ( fatal and non-fatal), cardiovascular disease mortality, and other non-accidental mortality. Findings Between Jan 1, 2003, and July 14, 2018, 157 436 adults from 747 communities in 21 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries were enrolled and followed up, of whom 140 020 participants resided in LMICs. During a median follow-up period of 9 center dot 3 years (IQR 7 center dot 8-10 center dot 8; corresponding to 1 center dot 4 million person-years), we documented 9996 non-accidental deaths, of which 3219 were attributed to cardiovascular disease. 9152 (5 center dot 8%) of 157 436 participants had cardiovascular disease events (fatal and non-fatal incident cardiovascular disease), including 4083 myocardial infarctions and 4139 strokes. Mean 3-year PM25 at cohort baseline was 47 center dot 5 mu g/m(3) (range 6-140). In models adjusted for individual, household, and geographical factors, a 10 mu g/m(3) increase in PM25 was associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease events (hazard ratio 1 center dot 05 [95% CI 1 center dot 03-1 center dot 07]), myocardial infarction (1 center dot 03 [1 center dot 00-1 center dot 05]), stroke (1 center dot 07 [1 center dot 04-1 center dot 10]), and cardiovascular disease mortality (1 center dot 03 [1 center dot 00-1 center dot 05]). Results were similar for LMICs and communities with high PM25 concentrations (>35 mu g/m(3)). The population attributable fraction for PM25 in the PURE cohort was 13 center dot 9% (95% CI 8 center dot 8-18 center dot 6) for cardiovascular disease events, 8 center dot 4% (0 center dot 0-15 center dot 4) for myocardial infarction, 19 center dot 6% (13 center dot 0-25 center dot 8) for stroke, and 8 center dot 3% (0 center dot 0-15 center dot 2) for cardiovascular disease mortality. We identified no consistent associations between PM25 and risk for non-cardiovascular disease deaths. Interpretation Long-term outdoor PM25 concentrations were associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease in adults aged 35-70 years. Air pollution is an important global risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a need exists to reduce air pollution concentrations, especially in LMICs, where air pollution levels are highest. Copyright (c) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license.
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| 13. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Cronin, M. F., et al.
(författare)
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Developing an Observing Air-Sea Interactions Strategy (OASIS) for the global ocean
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ices Journal of Marine Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1054-3139 .- 1095-9289. ; 80:2, s. 367-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Observing Air-Sea Interactions Strategy (OASIS) is a new United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development programme working to develop a practical, integrated approach for observing air-sea interactions globally for improved Earth system (including ecosystem) forecasts, CO2 uptake assessments called for by the Paris Agreement, and invaluable surface ocean information for decision makers. Our "Theory of Change" relies upon leveraged multi-disciplinary activities, partnerships, and capacity strengthening. Recommendations from >40 OceanObs'19 community papers and a series of workshops have been consolidated into three interlinked Grand Ideas for creating #1: a globally distributed network of mobile air-sea observing platforms built around an expanded array of long-term time-series stations; #2: a satellite network, with high spatial and temporal resolution, optimized for measuring air-sea fluxes; and #3: improved representation of air-sea coupling in a hierarchy of Earth system models. OASIS activities are organized across five Theme Teams: (1) Observing Network Design & Model Improvement; (2) Partnership & Capacity Strengthening; (3) UN Decade OASIS Actions; (4) Best Practices & Interoperability Experiments; and (5) Findable-Accessible-Interoperable-Reusable (FAIR) models, data, and OASIS products. Stakeholders, including researchers, are actively recruited to participate in Theme Teams to help promote a predicted, safe, clean, healthy, resilient, and productive ocean.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Graham, Jesse R., et al.
(författare)
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The pipeline project: Pre-publication independent replications of a single laboratory's research pipeline
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. - : Elsevier. - 1096-0465 .- 0022-1031. ; 66, s. 55-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This crowdsourced project introduces a collaborative approach to improving the reproducibility of scientific research, in which findings are replicated in qualified independent laboratories before (rather than after) they are published. Our goal is to establish a non-adversarial replication process with highly informative final results. To illustrate the Pre-Publication Independent Replication (PPIR) approach, 25 research groups conducted replications of all ten moral judgment effects which the last author and his collaborators had “in the pipeline” as of August 2014. Six findings replicated according to all replication criteria, one finding replicated but with a significantly smaller effect size than the original, one finding replicated consistently in the original culture but not outside of it, and two findings failed to find support. In total, 40% of the original findings failed at least one major replication criterion. Potential ways to implement and incentivize pre-publication independent replication on a large scale are discussed.
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| 18. |
- Jain, Ruchi, et al.
(författare)
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Liver nucleotide biosynthesis is linked to protection from vascular complications in individuals with long-term type 1 diabetes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identification of biomarkers associated with protection from developing diabetic complications is a prerequisite for an effective prevention and treatment. The aim of the present study was to identify clinical and plasma metabolite markers associated with freedom from vascular complications in people with very long duration of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Individuals with T1D, who despite having longer than 30 years of diabetes duration never developed major macro- or microvascular complications (non-progressors; NP) were compared with those who developed vascular complications within 25 years from diabetes onset (rapid progressors; RP) in the Scandinavian PROLONG (n = 385) and DIALONG (n = 71) cohorts. The DIALONG study also included 75 healthy controls. Plasma metabolites were measured using gas and/or liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Lower hepatic fatty liver indices were significant common feature characterized NPs in both studies. Higher insulin sensitivity and residual beta-cell function (C-peptide) were also associated with NPs in PROLONG. Protection from diabetic complications was associated with lower levels of the glycolytic metabolite pyruvate and APOCIII in PROLONG, and with lower levels of thiamine monophosphate and erythritol, a cofactor and intermediate product in the pentose phosphate pathway as well as higher phenylalanine, glycine and serine in DIALONG. Furthermore, T1D individuals showed elevated levels of picolinic acid as compared to the healthy individuals. The present findings suggest a potential beneficial shunting of glycolytic substrates towards the pentose phosphate and one carbon metabolism pathways to promote nucleotide biosynthesis in the liver. These processes might be linked to higher insulin sensitivity and lower liver fat content, and might represent a mechanism for protection from vascular complications in individuals with long-term T1D.
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| 19. |
- Liebenberg, L., et al.
(författare)
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Tracking science : An alternative for those excluded by citizen science
- 2021
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Ingår i: Citizen Science: Theory and Practice. - : Ubiquity Press. - 2057-4991. ; 6:1, s. 1-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In response to recent discussion about terminology, we propose "tracking science" as a term that is more inclusive than citizen science. Our suggestion is set against a post-colonial political background and large-scale migrations, in which "citizen" is becoming an increasingly contentious term. As a diverse group of authors from several continents, our priority is to deliberate a term that is all-inclusive, so that it could be adopted by everyone who participates in science or contributes to scientific knowledge, regardless of socio-cultural background. For example, current citizen science terms used for Indigenous knowledge imply that such practitioners belong to a sub-group that is other, and therefore marginalized. Our definition for "tracking science" does not exclude Indigenous peoples and their knowledge contributions and may provide a space for those who currently participate in citizen science, but want to contribute, explore, and/or operate beyond its confinements. Our suggestion is not that of an immediate or complete replacement of terminology, but that the notion of tracking science can be used to complement the practice and discussion of citizen science where it is contextually appropriate or needed. This may provide a breathing space, not only to explore alternative terms, but also to engage in robust, inclusive discussion on what it means to do science or create scientific knowledge. In our view, tracking science serves as a metaphor that applies broadly to the scientific community-from modern theoretical physics to ancient Indigenous knowledge.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Washburn, Anthony N., et al.
(författare)
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Data from a pre-publication independent replication initiative examining ten moral judgement effects
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Nature Research (part of Springer Nature): Fully open access journals / Nature Publishing Group. - 2052-4463. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the data from a crowdsourced project seeking to replicate findings in independent laboratories before (rather than after) they are published. In this Pre-Publication Independent Replication (PPIR) initiative, 25 research groups attempted to replicate 10 moral judgment effects from a single laboratory's research pipeline of unpublished findings. The 10 effects were investigated using online/lab surveys containing psychological manipulations (vignettes) followed by questionnaires.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- du Plessis, Hester Esna, et al.
(författare)
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Rietveld and pair distribution function study of Hagg carbide using synchrotron X-ray diffraction
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. - 1600-5775. ; 18, s. 266-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis is an important process in the manufacturing of hydrocarbons and oxygenated hydrocarbons from mixtures of carbon monoxide and hydrogen (syngas). The reduced iron catalyst reacts with carbon monoxide and hydrogen to form bulk Fe5C2 Hagg carbide (chi-HC) during FT synthesis. Arguably, chi-HC is the predominant catalyst phase present in the working iron catalyst. Deactivation of the working catalyst can be due to oxidation of chi-HC to iron oxide, a step-wise decarburization to cementite (theta-Fe3C), carbon formation or sintering with accompanying loss of catalytic performance. It is therefore critical to determine the precise crystal structure of chi-HC for the understanding of the synthesis process and for comparison with the first-principles ab initio modelling. Here the results of high-resolution synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data are reported. The atomic arrangement of chi-HC was confirmed by Rietveld refinement and subsequent real-space modelling of the pair distribution function (PDF) obtained from direct Fourier transformation. The Rietveld and PDF results of chi-HC correspond well with that of a pseudo-monoclinic phase of space group Pi [a = 11.5661 (6) A, b = 4.5709 (1) A, c = 5.0611 (2) A, alpha = 89.990 (5)degrees, beta = 97.753 (4)degrees, gamma = 90.195 (4)degrees], where the Fe atoms are located in three distorted prismatic trigonal and one octahedral arrangement around the central C atoms. The Fe atoms are distorted from the prismatic trigonal arrangement in the monoclinic structure by the change in C atom location in the structure.
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| 24. |
- du Plessis, Marcel, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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The Daily-Resolved Southern Ocean Mixed Layer: Regional Contrasts Assessed Using Glider Observations
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 2169-9275 .- 2169-9291. ; 127:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Water mass transformation in the Southern Ocean is vital for driving the large-scale overturning circulation, which transports heat from the surface to the ocean interior. Using profiling gliders, this study investigates the role of summertime buoyancy forcing and wind-driven processes on the intraseasonal (1-10 days) mixed layer thermohaline variability in three Southern Ocean regions southwest of Africa important for water mass transformation-the Subantarctic Zone (SAZ), Polar Frontal Zone (PFZ), and Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ). At intraseasonal time scales, heat flux was shown as the main driver of buoyancy gain in all regions. In the SAZ and MIZ, shallow mixed layers and strong stratification enhanced mixed layer buoyancy gain by trapping incoming heat, while buoyancy loss resulted primarily from the entrainment of cold, salty water from below. In the PFZ, rapid mixing linked to Southern Ocean storms set persistently deep mixed layers and suppressed mixed layer intraseasonal thermohaline variability. In the polar regions, lateral stirring of meltwater from seasonal sea-ice melt dominated daily mixed layer salinity variability. We propose that these meltwater fronts are advected to the PFZ during late summer, indicating the potential for seasonal sea-ice freshwater to impact a region where the upwelling limb of overturning circulation reaches the surface. This study reveals a regional dependence of how the mixed layer thermohaline properties respond to small spatiotemporal processes, emphasizing the importance of surface forcing occurring between 1 and 10 days on the mixed layer water mass transformation in the Southern Ocean.
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| 25. |
- Fouche, JP, et al.
(författare)
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Cortical thickness in obsessive-compulsive disorder: multisite mega-analysis of 780 brain scans from six centres
- 2017
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Ingår i: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 1472-1465. ; 210:1, s. 67-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is accumulating evidence for the role of fronto-striatal and associated circuits in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) but limited and conflicting data on alterations in cortical thickness.AimsTo investigate alterations in cortical thickness and subcortical volume in OCD.MethodIn total, 412 patients with OCD and 368 healthy adults underwent magnetic resonance imaging scans. Between-group analysis of covariance of cortical thickness and subcortical volumes was performed and regression analyses undertaken.ResultsSignificantly decreased cortical thickness was found in the OCD group compared with controls in the superior and inferior frontal, precentral, posterior cingulate, middle temporal, inferior parietal and precuneus gyri. There was also a group x age interaction in the parietal cortex, with increased thinning with age in the OCD group relative to controls.ConclusionsOur findings are partially consistent with earlier work, suggesting that group differences in grey matter volume and cortical thickness could relate to the same underlying pathology of OCD. They partially support a frontostriatal model of OCD, but also suggest that limbic, temporal and parietal regions play a role in the pathophysiology of the disorder. The group x age interaction effects may be the result of altered neuroplasticity.
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| 26. |
- Frantz, Laurent A. F., et al.
(författare)
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Ancient pigs reveal a near-complete genomic turnover following their introduction to Europe
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 116:35, s. 17231-17238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Archaeological evidence indicates that pig domestication had begun by similar to 10,500 y before the present ( BP) in the Near East, and mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA) suggests that pigs arrived in Europe alongside farmers similar to 8,500 y BP. A few thousand years after the introduction of Near Eastern pigs into Europe, however, their characteristic mtDNA signature disappeared and was replaced by haplotypes associated with European wild boars. This turnover could be accounted for by substantial gene flow from local European wild boars, although it is also possible that European wild boars were domesticated independently without any genetic contribution from the Near East. To test these hypotheses, we obtained mtDNA sequences from 2,099 modern and ancient pig samples and 63 nuclear ancient genomes from Near Eastern and European pigs. Our analyses revealed that European domestic pigs dating from 7,100 to 6,000 y BP possessed both Near Eastern and European nuclear ancestry, while later pigs possessed no more than 4% Near Eastern ancestry, indicating that gene flow from European wild boars resulted in a near-complete disappearance of Near East ancestry. In addition, we demonstrate that a variant at a locus encoding black coat color likely originated in the Near East and persisted in European pigs. Altogether, our results indicate that while pigs were not independently domesticated in Europe, the vast majority of human-mediated selection over the past 5,000 y focused on the genomic fraction derived from the European wild boars, and not on the fraction that was selected by early Neolithic farmers over the first 2,500 y of the domestication process.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Petersson, Björn
(författare)
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Modeling of a Retrodirective Channel With Active Antenna Arrays for Cross-Eye Jamming
- 2017
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cross-Eye (CE) jamming is a technique aimed at inducing false target angles in radar measurements. The potential to deceive monopulse radar, a radar type commonly used due to its angular accuracy and resilience against jamming, has captured the interest of Electronic Warfare (EW) system manufacturers. CE jamming may increase the capability of self-defense against radar guided missiles.In this thesis, a CE jammer, based on the retrodirective channel design, for use in an EW systems is modeled and analyzed. The focus of the analysis is on the non-reciprocal Active Electronically Scanned Arrays (AESA). An electrical model of the jammer system and the AESA, including variations in the electrical properties, together with three different system correction methods are used. A simulation procedure, using single frequency (CW) signals, is defined and used for estimating total level of reciprocity, which is a primary contributor to jammer performance. Reciprocity error sensitivity for variations in model parameters is simulated to indicate which AESA aspects are essential for performance. Further, the influence of characterization and calibration noise is investigated.The usability of the model is demonstrated in different types of simulations, which highlights the differences between the system correction methods. Simulations show that a relatively high level of reciprocity can be achieved when using system correction, if measurement noise and model limitations are disregarded. The expected degradation in reciprocity from differences in electrical properties between the reception and transmission branch of the AESA has been confirmed. The effect of characterization and calibration noise, for realistic levels of noise, seems to be a dominating factor in the total reciprocity error. A significant increase in reciprocity error can likely be expected when non-CW signals are used and when realistic levels of noise and non-linear effects are added.
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| 30. |
- Queste, Bastien, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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State of the Climate in 2019; Southern Ocean
- 2020
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Ingår i: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society -. - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 6, s. 307-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Wolter, Nicole, et al.
(författare)
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High nasopharyngeal pneumococcal density, increased by viral coinfection, is associated with invasive pneumococcal pneumonia
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press. - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 210:10, s. 1649-1657
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: We identified factors associated with pneumococcal colonization, high colonization density, and invasive pneumococcal pneumonia among patients hospitalized with acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs). METHODS: In 2010, 4025 cases were enrolled in surveillance in South Africa. A total of 969 of 4025 systematically selected nasopharyngeal-oropharyngeal specimens (24%) were tested for respiratory viruses and Streptococcus pneumoniae by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Of these, 749 (77%) had blood tested for S. pneumoniae. RESULTS: Pneumococcal colonization was detected in 55% of cases (534 of 969). On multivariable analysis that controlled for age and tuberculosis treatment, infection with influenza virus (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-4.5), adenovirus (adjusted OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.7), rhinovirus (adjusted OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.3), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; adjusted OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.4) were associated with pneumococcal colonization. High colonization density was associated with respiratory virus coinfection (adjusted OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.6) and invasive pneumococcal pneumonia (adjusted OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.3-4.0), after adjustment for age and sex. Seven percent (52 of 749) had pneumococci detected in blood. On multivariable analysis among colonized cases, invasive pneumococcal pneumonia was associated with HIV (adjusted OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.4-7.5), influenza virus (adjusted OR, 8.2; 95% CI, 2.7-25.0), high colonization density (adjusted OR, 18.7; 95% CI, 2.3-155.1), and >= 5 days of hospitalization (adjusted OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.7-8.2). CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory virus infection was associated with elevated colonization density and, in turn, invasive pneumococcal pneumonia.
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| 33. |
- Wolter, Nicole, et al.
(författare)
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HIV and Influenza Virus Infections Are Associated With Increased Blood Pneumococcal Load : A Prospective, Hospital-Based Observational Study in South Africa, 2009-2011
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press. - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 209:1, s. 56-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Increased pneumococcal loads are associated with severe outcomes. We determined the prevalence of pneumococcal DNA in blood specimens from patients hospitalized with acute lower respiratory tract infection and identified factors associated with invasive pneumococcal pneumonia, bacterial loads, and death. Methods. A total of 8523 patients were enrolled as part of prospective hospital-based surveillance. Blood was collected for quantitative pneumococcal (tytA) detection, and nasopharyngeal specimens were collected for detection of influenza virus and other respiratory viruses by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results. Of 6396 cases (75%) with /ytA results, 422 (7%) were positive for pneumococcal DNA. The prevalences of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and influenza virus were 51% (2965/5855) and 8% (485/6358), respectively. On multivariable analysis, HIV infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-3.6), influenza virus coinfection (aOR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2-2.1), oxygen therapy during admission (a0R, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.3) and in-hospital death (aOR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1-4.0) were significantly associated with increased pneumococcal load. Among /ytA-positive patients, after adjustment for length of hospitalization, duration of symptoms, and oxygen therapy during admission, pneumococcal loads >= 10,000 DNA copies/mi. (a0R, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.8-7.2) were associated with increased risk of death. Conclusions. HIV and influenza virus infections were associated with elevated pneumococcal loads, which, in turn, were associated with increased risk of death.
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