| 1. |
- Andersson, Eva, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Contextual poverty and obtained educational level and income in Sweden and the Netherlands : A multi-scale and longitudinal study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Urban Studies. - : SAGE Publications. - 0042-0980 .- 1360-063X. ; 60:5, s. 885-903
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies of neighbourhood effects typically measure the neighbourhood context at one specific spatial scale. It is increasingly acknowledged, however, that the mechanisms through which the residential context affects individual outcomes may operate at different spatial scales, ranging from the very immediate environment to the metropolitan region. We take a multi-scale approach to investigate the extent to which concentrated poverty in adolescence is related to obtained education level and income later in life, by measuring the residential context as bespoke neighbourhoods at five geographical scales that range from areas encompassing the 200 nearest neighbours to areas that include the 200k+ nearest neighbours. We use individual-level geocoded longitudinal register data from Sweden and the Netherlands to follow 15/16-year-olds until they are 30 years old. The findings show that the contextual effects on education are very similar in both countries. Living in a poor area as a teenager is related to a lower obtained educational level when people are in their late 20s. This relationship, however, is stronger for lower spatial scales. We also find effects of contextual poverty on income in both countries. Overall, this effect is stronger in the Netherlands than in Sweden. Partly, this is related to differences in spatial structure. If only individuals in densely populated areas in Sweden are considered, effects on income are similar across the two countries and income effects are more stable across spatial scales. Overall, we find important evidence that the scalar properties of neighbourhood effects differ across life-course outcomes.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- de Vos, Duco, et al.
(författare)
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Does broadband internet allow cities to 'borrow size'? : Evidence from the Swedish labour market
- 2020
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Ingår i: Regional studies. - : Routledge. - 0034-3404 .- 1360-0591. ; 54:9, s. 1175-1186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Borrowed size refers to the idea that small cities near larger metropolitan centres can reap the advantages of large agglomerations, but without the costs of agglomeration. The study explores whether broadband internet helps such smaller cities to enjoy the labour market benefits of a larger city. Using Swedish micro-data from 2007 to 2015, together with unique data on broadband, suggestive evidence is found that broadband indeed allows smaller cities to reap such benefits. Borrowed size is primarily driven by the overall penetration of broadband in the place of residence, rather than by broadband availability at the residence.
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| 4. |
- Hedman, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Cumulative exposure to disadvantage and the intergenerational transmission of neighbourhood effects
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Geography. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1468-2702 .- 1468-2710. ; 15:1, s. 195-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies of neighbourhood effects typically investigate the instantaneous effect of point-in-time measures of neighbourhood poverty on individual outcomes. It has been suggested that it is not solely the current neighbourhood, but also the neighbourhood history of an individual that is important in determining an individual's outcomes. Using a population of parental home-leavers in Stockholm, Sweden, this study investigates the effects of two temporal dimensions of exposure to neighbourhood environments on personal income later in life: the parental neighbourhood at the time of leaving the home and the cumulative exposure to poverty neighbourhoods in the subsequent 17 years. Using unique longitudinal Swedish register data and bespoke individual neighbourhoods, we are the first to employ a hybrid model, which combines both random and fixed effects approaches in a study of neighbourhood effects. We find independent and non-trivial effects on income of the parental neighbourhood and cumulative exposure to poverty concentration neighbourhoods.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Hedman, Lina, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Neighbourhood choice and neighbourhood reproduction
- 2011
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : Pion. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 43:6, s. 1381-1399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although we know a lot about why households choose certain dwellings, we know relatively little about the mechanisms behind their choice of neighbourhood. Most studies of neighbourhood choice focus only on one or two dimensions of neighbourhoods: typically poverty and ethnicity. In this paper we argue that neighbourhoods have multiple dimensions and that models of neighbourhood choice should take these dimensions into account. We propose the use of a conditional logit model. From this approach we can gain insight into the interaction between individual and neighbourhood characteristics which lead to the choice of a particular neighbourhood over alternative destinations. We use Swedish register data to model neighbourhood choice for all households which moved in the city of Uppsala between 1997 and 2006. Our results show that neighbourhood sorting is a highly structured process where households are very likely to choose neighbourhoods where the neighbourhood population matches their own characteristics. We find that income is the most important driver of the sorting process, although ethnicity and other demographic and socioeconomic characteristics play important roles as well.
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| 7. |
- Hedman, Lina, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Three Generations of Intergenerational Transmission of Neighbourhood Context
- 2021
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Ingår i: Social Inclusion. - : Cogitatio. - 2183-2803. ; 9:2, s. 129-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The literature on intergenerational contextual mobility has shown that neighbourhood status is partly 'inherited' from parents by children. Children who spend their childhood in deprived neighbourhoods are more likely to live in such neighbourhoods as adults. It has been suggested that such transmission of neighbourhood status is also relevant from a multiple generation perspective. To our knowledge, however, this has only been confirmed by simulations and not by empirical research. This study uses actual empirical data covering the entire Swedish population over a 25-year period, to investigate intergenerational similarities in neighbourhood status for three generations of Swedish women. The findings suggest that the neighbourhood environments of Swedish women are correlated with the neighbourhood statuses of their mothers and, to some extent, grandmothers. These results are robust over two different analytical strategies-comparing the neighbourhood status of the three generations at roughly similar ages and at the same point in time-and two different spatial scales. We argue that the finding of such effects in (relatively egalitarian) Sweden implies that similar, and possibly stronger, patterns are likely to exist in other countries as well.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Hedman, Lina, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Using sibling data to explore the impact of neighbourhood histories and childhood family context on income from work
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 14:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has reported evidence of intergenerational transmissions of neighbourhood status and social and economic outcomes later in life. Research also shows neighbourhood effects on adult incomes of both childhood and adult neighbourhood experiences. However, these estimates of neighbourhood effects may be biased because confounding factors originating from the childhood family context. It is likely that part of the neighbourhood effects observed for adults, are actually lingering effects of the family in which someone grew up. This study uses a sibling design to disentangle family and neighbourhood effects on income, with contextual sibling pairs used as a control group. The sibling design helps us to separate the effects of childhood family and neighbourhood context from adult neighbourhood experiences. Using data from Swedish population registers, including the full Swedish population, we show that the neighbourhood effect on income from both child-hood and adult neighbourhood experiences, is biased upwards by the influence of the child-hood family context. Ultimately, we conclude that there is a neighbourhood effect on income from adult neighbourhood experiences, but that the childhood neighbourhood effect is actually a childhood family context effect. We find that there is a long lasting effect of the family context on income later in life, and that this effect is strong regardless the individual neighbourhood pathway later in life.
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| 10. |
- Manley, David, et al.
(författare)
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Inherited and Spatial Disadvantages : A Longitudinal Study of Early Adult Neighborhood Careers of Siblings
- 2020
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Ingår i: Annals of the American Association of Geographers. - : ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 2469-4452 .- 2469-4460. ; 110:6, s. 1670-1689
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding how inequalities are transmitted through generations and restrict upward spatial mobility has long been a concern of geographic research. Previous research has identified that the neighborhood in which someone grows up is highly predictive of the type of neighborhood he or she will live in as an independent adult. What remains largely unknown is the relative contribution of geography compared to the contribution of the family context in forming these individual life outcomes. The aim of this article is to better understand the role of the spatial-temporal contexts of individuals in shaping later life outcomes, by distinguishing between inherited disadvantage (socioeconomic position) and spatial disadvantage (the environmental context in which children grow up). We use a sibling design to analyze the neighborhood careers of adults after they have left the parental home, separating out the roles of the family from that of the neighborhood in determining residential careers. We employ rich Swedish Register data to construct a quasi-experimental family design to analyze residential outcomes for sibling pairs and contrast real siblings against a control group of "contextual siblings." We find that real siblings live more similar lives in terms of neighborhood experiences during their independent residential careers than contextual sibling pairs but that this difference decreases over time. The results show the importance of geography, revealing long-lasting stickiness of spatial-temporal contexts of childhood.
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| 11. |
- Niedomysl, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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The Globalisation of Marriage Fields: the Swedish Case
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. - London : Informa UK Limited. - 1369-183X .- 1469-9451. ; 36:7, s. 1119-1138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Marriage fields - the geographical areas where people meet to partner - traditionally tend to be relatively small and local. Increasing international travel and the use of the internet have broadened the geographical opportunity structure of potential partners. This increases the chances of meeting a partner from abroad, possibly resulting in a rise in international marriage migration. This paper uses unique longitudinal population data for the whole of Sweden to explore the globalisation of Swedish marriage fields. The results show an increase of ‘marriage migrants’ in Sweden between 1990 and 2004, although absolute numbers remain relatively low. The paper yields two new insights not previously recorded in the literature. First, we found a substantial proportion of all marriage migrants in Sweden to be males, while most existing literature on marriage migration focuses almost exclusively on females. Second, the pattern of geographical origins of marriage migrants is highly gendered, with male and female marriage migrants in Sweden originating from different regions in the world. This suggests that different mechanisms underlie male and female marriage migration.
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| 12. |
- Strömgren, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Factors shaping workplace segregation between natives and immigrants
- 2014
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Ingår i: Demography. - : Springer. - 0070-3370 .- 1533-7790. ; 51:2, s. 645-671
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on segregation of immigrant groups is increasingly turning its attention from residential areas toward other important places, such as the workplace, where immigrants can meet and interact with members of the native population. This article examines workplace segregation of immigrants. We use longitudinal, georeferenced Swedish population register data, which enables us to observe all immigrants in Sweden for the period 1990–2005 on an annual basis. We compare estimates from ordinary least squares with fixed-effects regressions to quantify the extent of immigrants' self-selection into specific workplaces, neighborhoods, and partnerships, which may bias more naïve ordinary least squares results. In line with previous research, we find lower levels of workplace segregation than residential segregation. The main finding is that low levels of residential segregation reduce workplace segregation, even after we take into account intermarriage with natives as well as unobserved characteristics of immigrants such as willingness and ability to integrate into the host society. Being intermarried with a native reduces workplace segregation for immigrant men but not for immigrant women.
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| 13. |
- Strömgren, Magnus, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Pre-hire factors and workplace ethnic segregation
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In addition to neighbourhoods of residence, family and places of work play important roles in producing and reproducing ethnic segregation. Therefore, recent research on ethnic segregation and contact is increasingly turning its attention from residential areas towards other important domains of daily interethnic contact. The key innovation of this paper is to clarify the role of immigrants' pre-hire exposure to natives in the residence, workplace and family domains in immigrant exposure to natives in their current workplace. The study is based on Swedish population register data. The results show that at the macro level, workplace neighbourhood segregation is lower than residential neighbourhood segregation. Our micro-level analysis further shows that high levels of residential exposure of immigrants to natives help to reduce ethnic segregation at the level of workplace establishments as well.
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| 14. |
- Tammaru, Tiit, et al.
(författare)
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Relations between residential and workplace segregation among newly arrived immigrant men and women
- 2016
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Ingår i: Cities. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-2751 .- 1873-6084. ; 59, s. 131-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contemporary cities are becoming more and more diverse in population as a result of immigration. Research shows that while residential neighborhoods are becoming ethnically more diverse within cities, residential segregation from natives has overall remained persistently high. High levels of segregation are often seen as negative, preventing the integration of immigrants into their host society and having a negative impact on people's lives. Where as most studies of segregation deal with residential neighborhoods, this paper investigates segregation at workplaces for newly arrived immigrant men and women from the Global South to Sweden. By using the domain approach, we focus on the relationship between workplace segregation, residential segregation, and the ethnic composition of households. Using longitudinal register data from Sweden, we find that residential segregation is much weaker related to workplace segregation than revealed by studies using cross-sectional data. Furthermore, the residential context is not an important factor in explaining workplace segregation for immigrant men. The most important factors shaping workplace segregation pertain to economic sector and city size.
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| 15. |
- Tammaru, Tiit, et al.
(författare)
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The Ethnic Dimensions ofSuburbanisation in Estonia
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. - : Routledge. ; 39:5, s. 845-862
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large-scale suburbanisation is a relatively recent phenomenon in East Central Europeand is responsible for major socio-spatial changes in metropolitan areas. Little is knownabout the ethnic dimensions of suburbanisation, despite the existence of often sizeableRussian minority populations in some member-states of the former Soviet Union.We use individual-level Estonian census data from the year 2000 in order to investigatethe ethnic dimensions of suburbanisation. The results show that ethnic minorities have aconsiderably lower probability of suburbanising compared to the majority population,and minorities are less likely to move to rural municipalities*the main sites of suburbanchange*in the suburban ring of cities.
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| 16. |
- van Ham, Maarten, et al.
(författare)
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Intergenerational transmission of neighbourhood poverty : an analysis of neighbourhood histories of individuals
- 2014
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Ingår i: Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers. - : Wiley. - 0020-2754 .- 1475-5661. ; 39:3, s. 402-417
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The extent to which socioeconomic (dis) advantage is transmitted between generations is receiving increasing attention from academics and policymakers. However, few studies have investigated whether there is a spatial dimension to this intergenerational transmission of (dis) advantage. Drawing on the concept of neighbourhood biographies, this study contends that there are links between the places individuals live with their parents and their subsequent neighbourhood experiences as independent adults. Using individual-level register data tracking the whole Stockholm population from 1990 to 2008, and bespoke neighbourhoods, this study is the first to use sequencing techniques to construct individual neighbourhood histories. Through visualisation methods and ordered logit models, we demonstrate that the socioeconomic composition of the neighbourhood children lived in before they left the parental home is strongly related to the status of the neighbourhood they live in 5, 12 and 18 years later. Children living with their parents in high poverty concentration neighbourhoods are very likely to end up in similar neighbourhoods much later in life. The parental neighbourhood is also important in predicting the cumulative exposure to poverty concentration neighbourhoods over a long period of early adulthood. Ethnic minorities were found to have the longest cumulative exposure to poverty concentration neighbourhoods. These findings imply that for some groups, disadvantage is both inherited and highly persistent.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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