| 1. |
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Aktuell Arkeologi VIII. SAR 42.
- 2004
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aktuell Arkeologi har sedan 1988 givits ut av Arkeologiska institutionen i Stockholm. Boken ingår i serien Stockholm Archaeological Reports och har som huvudsyfte att presentera pågående av handlingar vid institutionen. Denna volym, nummer VIII, är den första utgåvan detta millennium och även den fösta där doktorander antagna efter den senaste forskarutbildningsreformen bidrar med artiklar. Det är fem år sedan Aktuell Arkeologi gavs ut sist, nummer VII kom 1999 och detta tidsglapp kan delvis ses bero på denna reform, vilket bidragit till en mer restriktiv antagning i forskarutbildningen i arkeologi. Det är dock med glädje som vi i detta nummer kan konstatera att det fortfarande finns en stor variation i både tid och rum gällande forskningsområden. Artiklarna i denna utgåva av Aktuell Arkeologi har inte något gemensamt tema, utan vår önskan har varit att så många som möjligt av institutionens doktorander ska bidra med sin forskning oberoende ämne. Artiklarna är kronologiskt ordnade och avslutas med de mer arkeologihistoriska bidragen. Stockholm, augusti 2004 Kim von Hackwitz & Tove Werner Bo Petré
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| 2. |
- von Hackwitz, Kim, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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HERCULES - Sustainable futures for Europe’s HERitage in CULtural landscapES: Tools for understanding, managing, and protecting landscape functions and values : D2.3 Dynamic models for analyzing long-term landscape change
- 2016
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Work Package 2.3 of the HERCULES project brings together a protocol for studying the long-term changes in cultural landscapes and spatial dynamic modelling frameworks and tools. Additionally it presents the possibilities of applying web GIS tools, which are available through HERCULES´s Knowledge Hub (WP7) to publish and share the research results with various actors having different disciplinary backgrounds. The protocol defines an innovative methodological procedure for understanding the long-term development and transformation of cultural landscapes, drawing on recent insights from geography, landscape archaeology, (historical) ecology, anthropology and information science. The protocol subsequently deals with the following topics and issues: An overview of the major concepts and approaches in archaeological and historical landscape research in both North America and Europe and the major issues raised in landscape history over the past decades (Section 2.1). This also defines the necessity of developing an integrated approach to long-term changes in cultural landscapes (Section 2.2); A set of premises for understanding long-term changes in cultural landscapes (Section 2.3), as well as a number of operational principles for translating these premises to concrete starting points, procedures, methods and techniques in individual or comparative landscape projects (Section 2.4). These premises and operational principles are based on the methodological buildings blocks of the protocol: historical ecology, landscape biography and complex systems theory. Based on the protocol two spatial dynamic modelling frameworks are presented and applied in two carefully selected case study areas (i.e. the Dutch Lower Rhine region and the Swedish Uppland region). The modelling frameworks present innovative methods that allow analyzing past spatial dynamics. The presented modelling frameworks demonstrate the high potential of spatial dynamic modelling framework to better understand past landscape processes. However, it also shows that it is highly complicated to simulate these spatial dynamics. The main problems are the quality and detail of available data, and the uncertainties in assumptions made. Interpreting and using the modelling results must therefore be approached with care and requires additional research. Additionally this deliverable shows the potential of HERCULES’s Knowledge Hub. It shows how the results of one of the modelling frameworks can be interactively presented using advance web mapping technologies (i.e. story telling GIS tools). This does not only allow the research results to be published in a scientific transparent way, it also offers tooling to bridge the gap between academic spatial modelling experts, heritage landscape experts and nonscientific stakeholders.
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| 3. |
- von Hackwitz, Kim, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Innovative interdiciplinary protocol for understanding landscape dynamics, based on the rpespective of historical ecology, landscape biography and complex system theory.
- 2014
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The first deliverable of Work Package 2 (D 2.1) of the HERCULES project contains theoutlines of a protocol for studying the long-term changes in cultural landscapes. It is intendedas a first design of such a protocol, as it has to be tested and refined further in the process ofconducting three regional case studies and inter-regional comparisons within the HERCULESproject. The protocol defines an innovative methodological procedure for understanding thelong-term development and transformation of cultural landscapes, drawing on recent insightsfrom geography, landscape archaeology, (historical) ecology, anthropology and informationscience. The procedure will be informed by the definitions and the conceptual frameworkdeveloped in HERCULES work package 1.The protocol text subsequently deals with the following topics and issues:1. A short description of its main aim and its relationship to the work being done in otherwork packages of the HERCULES project (Section 1);2. An overview of the major concepts and approaches in archaeological and historicallandscape research in both North America and Europe and the major issues raised inlandscape history over the past decades (Section 2). This also defines the necessity ofdeveloping an integrated approach to long-term changes in cultural landscapes(Section 3);3. A set of premises for understanding long-term changes in cultural landscapes (Section4), as well as a number of operational principles for translating these premises toconcrete starting points, procedures, methods and techniques in individual orcomparative landscape projects (section 5). These premises and operational principlesare based on the methodological buildings blocks of the protocol: historical ecology,landscape biography and complex systems theory.4. Starting points for integrating landscape history with the current theory and practice ofgeodesign (Section 6);5. Design of an infrastructural facility for retrieving and linking archaeological,historical and ecological data and geo-information (SDI) to support theinterdisciplinary study of landscape change (Section 7).6. An exploration of concepts and techniques in dynamic modeling that can help betterand more consistently understand the long-term processes that have been operating (orstill are) in cultural landscapes, including outlines and examples of a comparative casestudy approach (Section 8).
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| 4. |
- Burgi, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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Processes and driving forces in changing cultural landscapes across Europe
- 2017
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Ingår i: Landscape Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0921-2973 .- 1572-9761. ; 32:11, s. 2097-2112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ContextCultural landscapes evolve over time. However, the rate and direction of change might not be in line with societal needs and more information on the forces driving these changes are therefore needed.ObjectivesFilling the gap between single case studies and meta-analyses, we present a comparative study of landscape changes and their driving forces based in six regions across Europe conducted using a consistent method.MethodsA LULC analysis based on historical and contemporary maps from the nineteenth and twentieth century was combined with oral history interviews to learn more about perceived landscape changes, and remembered driving forces. Land cover and landscape changes were analysed regarding change, conversions and processes. For all case study areas, narratives on mapped land cover change, perceived landscape changes and driving forces were compiled.ResultsDespite a very high diversity in extent, direction and rates of change, a few dominant processes and widespread factors driving the changes could be identified in the six case study areas, i.e. access and infrastructure, political shifts, labor market, technological innovations, and for the more recent period climate change.ConclusionsGrasping peoples’ perception supplements the analyses of mapped land use and land cover changes and allows to address perceived landscape changes. The list of driving forces determined to be most relevant shows clear limits in predictability: Whereas changes triggered by infrastructural developments might be comparatively easy to model, political developments cannot be foreseen but might, nevertheless, leave major marks in the landscape.
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| 5. |
- Kolen, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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HERCULES: Studying long-term changes in Europe’s landscapes
- 2015
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Ingår i: Analecta Praehistorica Leidensia. - 0169-7447. ; , s. 209-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents the outlines of a new EU-fundedresearch program for the long-term history, present-daymanagement and further development of the Europeanlandscapes, including their natural and cultural heritage:HERCULES. One of the subprojects of this program(Work Package 2) links archaeological, historical andhistorical ecological data to the analysis of geo-informationin order to develop models of long-term landscape changein three carefully chosen study regions in the Netherlands,Sweden and Estonia. This is framed theoretically byintegrating insights from landscape biography, historicalecology and complex systems theory. The linking andanalysis of data will be done using a Spatial DataInfrastructure and by means of dynamic modelling.
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| 6. |
- von Hackwitz, Kim, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Changing Landscapes – A GIS analysis of Neolithic site location and shore displacement in Eastern Central Sweden.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeology and Ancient History (JAAH). - Uppsala : Department of Archaeology and Ancient History. - 2001-1199. ; :6, s. 1-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article is an attempt to put forward the use of new digital techniques and data for understanding prehistoric landscapes. The starting point is that the specific characteristics of the landscape and of the sites included affect the interpretation. One character is the contemporary landscape and its topographies. Ancient landscapes can be successfully recreated digitally using GIS. By applying GIS methodology, a regression equation and new data, we reinvestigated an hypothesis proposed by Welinder in 1978 concerning the acculturation of the Pitted Ware Culture. The results indicate that a reconstruction of the landscape may alter the understanding of the Neolithic land use and the question of the relocation and termination of the Pitted Ware Culture at the end of Middle Neolithic B.
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| 7. |
- von Hackwitz, Kim, 1975-
(författare)
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Changing Scenery. Historicity in the area of Lake Hjälmaren, Sweden, c. 2800-2300 BC
- 2008
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Ingår i: Current Swedish Archaeology. - Stockholm : The Swedish Archaeological Society. - 1102-7355. ; 15-16, s. 73-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- von Hackwitz, Kim. 2009. Current Swedish Archaeology, Vol 15-16 2007/2008, pp 73-89 The article addresses changes in the archaeological record during the Middle Neolithic B in the area of Lake Hjälmaren. The main focus is on the difference between the Pitted Ware sites and the Boat-Axe sites with regard to choice of location. Traditionally the different distributions of these two assemblages have been understood as designating two different and more or less contemporaneous “cultures”. An alternative view to the conventional understanding is that the material cultures represent use and re-use activities associated with different spaces in the landscape. In the author’s opinion, the choices and activities that constitute these spaces should be understood as reflecting activities that took place in relation to a pre-existing landscape. In order to describe and analyse the relationship, the author applies theories of historicity and landmark, pointing towards an active social reproduction of a landscape.
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| 8. |
- von Hackwitz, Kim, 1975-
(författare)
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D2.2 Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) for linking geographical, archaeological, historical, and ecological data and information for the case studies
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The second deliverable of WP2 (D2.2) of the HERCULES project contains the outlines of the Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) for retrieving and linking archaeological, historical, and ecological data and geo-information to support the interdisciplinary study of landscape change. It reports on the current state of the infrastructural facility, as the content (data) and functionality (query, analysis and visualization functions) will be refined further in the process of the modelling conducted in three regional case studies (task 2.3) and inter-regional comparisons within the HERCULES project. The SDI outline defines an innovative SDI conceptualization and architecture, grounded in international SDI literature and the functionality and data needs of interdisciplinary research of the long-term development and transformation of cultural landscapes. Furthermore, it describes how the architecture has been implemented in order to achieve a user-centric facility that meets the demands of the WP2 researchers and their societal partners and that enables the SDI to be linked to the Knowledge Hub developed in WP7. The SDI outline subsequently deals with the following topics and issues: 1. A short description of its main aim and its relationship to the work being done in other WPs of the HERCULES project (Section 1); 2. A detailed description of an innovative methodology for the development of a usercentric SDI (Section 2) 3. An elaboration on the SDI architecture (technical components) implemented to support the researchers of WP2 (Section 3) 4. An elaboration on the SDI content (data) with specific reference to the modelling conducted in WP2 (Section 4)
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| 9. |
- von Hackwitz, Kim, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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D3.1 List and documentation of case study landscapesselected for HERCULES
- 2014
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- HERCULES develops insights, tools, technologies and strategies and applies and tests theseat regional case studies that span major environmental and land use history gradientsthroughout Europe. As a project that specifically refers to landscapes, the case studies form acornerstone for HERCULES.This report describes the selection of the HERCULES case studies (in the following termedstudy landscapes, SLs) regarding the criteria considered and the process carried out. As asecond part, it contains an overview of all SLs and provides a detailed profile for each area,including cartographic information.Attending to the criteria defined in the HERCULES Description of Work, a five step-processwas carried out to identify the SLs. This encompassed 1) an open call for proposals of SLcandidates among the HERCULES projects partners, 2) the evaluation of the suitability ofproposed SLs by the leaders of those WPs that are active at the SL scale, 3) a decision on theSLs taken by the responsible WP 3 team and the project coordinator, 4) an adjustment processin order to achieve a maximum overlap of the activities of different WPs in the SLs, and 5)the selection of specific focus areas/study municipalities (SMs) within the larger SLs, to bereferred to e.g. for more detailed map analyses or closer stakeholder interaction.This process resulted in the identification of nine SLs: 1) Vooremaa and Kodavere (Estonia),2) Lesvos (Greece), 3) Obersimmental (Switzerland), 4) Grand Parc de Miribel Jonage,Rhône-Alpes area (France), 5) Sierra de Guadarrama foothills (Spain), 6) Parque NaturelRegional d’Armorique (France), 7) South West Devon (United Kingdom), 8) Dutch riverdelta Rhine-Meuse (Netherlands), and 9) Uppland (Sweden). These SLs span a variety ofdifferent characteristics (e.g. the major biogeographical zones of Europe), include bothoutstanding heritage features and everyday landscapes with more hidden historical layers,cover rural and urban areas and are all firmly embedded in the project via a local contactperson who is member of the HERCULES consortium.The case study selection was a joint enterprise to which all HERCULES partners activelycontributed. It involved several typical challenges for Pan-European multi-partner projects,ranging from the homogenisation of material from different languages and administrativesystems to the development of an integrative and well-balanced agreement on the potential ofproposed sites beyond specific personal interests. As such, the successful selection of the SLsproves the capacity of the consortium to work as joint and target-oriented team.
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| 10. |
- von Hackwitz, Kim, 1975-
(författare)
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D3.2 Compiled timelines of cultural landscape change for the study landscapes
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Work package (WP) 3 aim is to reconstruct and assess the short-term past changes and dynamics of cultural landscapes, using case study approach. As a more detailed analysis can be carried out in smaller spatial scale, Study Municipalities (SM) were distinguished within Study Landscapes (SL). The aim of this deliverable is to present the results of the task of “Compiled timelines of cultural landscape change (CTCLC)” based on land use / land cover (LULC) change analysis of maps and aerial images since mid-19th century from scales 1:10,000 – 1:50,000 digitised and generalised to 1:50,000 level. The variety of available maps, scales and level of detail for each SM in different natural, physical, political, social and cultural environment is enormous and does not justify cross-SM comparisons on LULC level. Still, some individual conclusions for CTCLC for specific SM can be drawn: 1. Estonia: SL – Vooremaa and Kodavere, SM – Alatskivi and Peipsiääre. Constant struggle with amelioration has reduced the area of wetlands remarkably promoting forest in a marginalised area where otherwise the landscape has been quite stable: massive forest with mosaic village landscapes. 2. Greece: SL – Lesvos, SM – Gera. The most remarkable change from 1960 to 2012 has been the decline of agriculture whereas the grassland and shrubs, especially wooded grasslands and shrubs taking over based on mapping categories. Also the forest and built-up areas are increasing as is the road network. Probably the processes of modernisation and tourist influx have had impact on abandoning agriculture, which in turn may negatively affect tourism industry that is in search for traditional olive landscapes. 3. Switzerland: SL – Obersimmental, SM – Lenk. With the glaciers melting away bare natural rock area grows slowly. No agriculture. Built-up area grows slowly. Grassland and shrubs are decreasing and forest increasing, both fragmented. Linear infrastructures have been modernised from main roads, railways to cable cars. It seems to be a rather natural landscape with forest overgrowth. 4. Spain: SL – Sierra de Guadarrama foothills, SM – Colmenar Viejo. 1946 seems to be the crucial year, agriculture was in large amounts substituted with grasslands and shrubs; forest almost clear cut. Built-up area and quarries spread as it is situated NW from Madrid. The landscape is criss-crossed with infrastructures: highways, railways and channels. A peri-urban landscape that is in constant change. 5. Sweden: SL – Uppland, SM – Börje. Changes in the vicinity of Uppsala city do not seem radical at all. Scattered mosaic land use seems to have found its peri-urban equilibrium, if this is a possibility. Typical mature polarisation is slowly under way: more monolithic fields appear and grasslands and shrubs are taking over – perhaps as the urban way of life creeps into the countryside leaving fields aside, or more ecoaware attitudes have emerged. CTCLC based on LULC change analysis is not landscape, thus this outcome will serve as a basis for “objective” background against which comparison of other methods (e.g. oral history interviews (OHI), major events and driving forces (DF) analysis, public participatory GIS (PP-GIS), terrestrial photos etc.) can be done forming Landscape change trajectories (LCT) as case study approach. The mapping exercise results will be uploaded to Knowledge Hub (KH).
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| 11. |
- von Hackwitz, Kim, 1975-
(författare)
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D3.3 Report on driving forces and actors facilitating persistence and change in cultural landscapes
- 2016
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the goals of Work Package (WP) 3 of HERCULES is to reconstruct and assess the shortterm changes and dynamics of cultural landscapes, using a case study approach. In this deliverable, we aim at describing and understanding how landscapes changed in six HERCULES Study Municipalities (SM) since 1850, i.e. Colmenar Viejo (Spain), Lenk (Switzerland), Börje (Sweden), Plomari & Gera (Greece), Alatskivi & Peipsiääre (Estonia) and Mobdury (Great Britain). Whereas the description is based on the map comparison presented in D3.2, additional sources of information were needed to better understand the so called driving forces of the changes determined. We used secondary literature, statistical information and oral history interviews to assess the local historical context, the changes perceived, but also to determine which actors were influential for the changes observed. Abandonment shows to be the most important process across all SMs included and it was especially dominant in the 20th century. Afforestation, deforestation, expansion of agriculture and intensification of agriculture were also widespread. Whereas afforestation shows an increasing trend, deforestation and expansion of agriculture show a moderate, and intensification of agriculture even a strong decreasing trend. The SMs differ greatly regarding their average rate of change, with the fastest SM (Colmenar Viejo) showing about seven times higher rates of change than the slowest SM (Modbury). However, all SMs depict great temporal variability of change in the course of the study period. Overall, it is interesting to note that the latest periods was in no SM showing the highest rates of change, but even included the least dynamic period in one SM (Lenk). We also evaluate if certain factors seem to be especially suitable to cause change or persistence across the different SMs. Infrastructural developments, (macro-) economic shifts and crises, and increasing population numbers seem to have the potential to trigger massive landscape changes. However, the specific context determines if and how such developments have an impact on the landscape. An economic crises triggering emigration, such as in the case of Lenk 1876 to 1914, might well lead to agricultural abandonment, which however in the case of pastures in harsh alpine environment might not immediately lead to forest expansion. Abandonment due to the conversion of a community structure from (subsistence) farming into commercial and industrial activities might however trigger rapid changes. Such changes can be largely facilitated by infrastructural developments, enabling easy commuting to nearby centers. Our study reflects the diversity and complexity of landscape change processes across Europe. The number of case studies does not allow to draw general conclusions, but enables to formulate further hypotheses for research and feedback to the local communities regarding their specific development.
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| 12. |
- von Hackwitz, Kim, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Landscapes of Mortuary Practices
- 2015
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Ingår i: Ancient Death Ways. - Uppsala : Uppsala universitet. ; , s. 143-166
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 13. |
- von Hackwitz, Kim, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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LANDSCAPES OF MORTUARY PRACTICES
- 2015
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Ingår i: Ancient Death Ways : Proceedings of the workshop on archaeology and mortuary practices. Uppsala, 16–17 May 2013. - Uppsala : Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia. - 9789150624465 ; , s. 143-166
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Free Fulltext in the main post, Ancient Death WaysThis paper focuses on the question of how a landscape perspective can contribute to the understanding of mortuary practices. By applying basic GIS methodology, we argue that it is possible to add additional dimensions to an understanding of the management of burials. The starting point is that the selection of locations and spatial relations of burials should be considered an expression of the norms and values that were important for the society that created the burials and organised the landscape. To illustrate this we use two case studies: The Passage Graves of Karleby, Falbygden and the Pitted Ware burials in Eastern Middle Sweden, Lake Hjälmaren.
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| 14. |
- von Hackwitz, Kim, 1975-
(författare)
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Längs med Hjälmarens stränder och förbi - relationen mellan den gropkeramiska kulturen och båtyxekulturen
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The nature of the relationship between the Pitted Ware Culture and the Boat Axe Culture has dominated Swedish Middle Neolithic research, since the question was raised a century ago. Basically, the debate is concerned with whether or not the two material cultures express two different ethnical groups. Proponents for the currently established perspective stress that the cultures represent two distinct ethnic groups. A large amount of research has focused on identifying differences between the two cultures in the archaeological record. This study will test an alternative approach to the archaeology of the Middle Neolithic. Rather than presuming an antithetical relationship between the two cultures attention will be given to investigating the relationship between the Pitted Ware Culture and the Boat Axe Culture. This will be done by a landscape centered approach. In the first case I will test the conventional opinion expressing that the two cultures are spatially separated to the coast and the inland. In addition, the analysis seeks to understand how different activities were located in relation to various landscape phenomena. In the second case study, phenomenology and current landscape theory combined with a viewshed GIS-analysis will form the basis for a discussion regarding the localisation and function of the Pitted Ware sites. In the third case I will discuss connective features of the Middle Neolithic landscapes in the Lake Hjälmaren area. Focus will be given to the long-term processes and the reproduction of the cultural landscapes over time. Based on the results, I will propose that the Middle Neolithic archaeological record, rather than being the result of two ethnic groups, express a dynamic and active society that manifests itself through a variety of different places, which were maintained for specific purposes.
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| 15. |
- von Hackwitz, Kim, 1975-
(författare)
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Små båtyxor och äktaminiatyrer under mellanneolitikum i Svealand
- 2012
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Ingår i: Fornvännen. - Stockholm : Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien. - 0015-7813 .- 1404-9430. ; 107:1, s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Boat axes are one of the main object categories defining the Battle Axe Culture in Sweden (2800–2100 cal BC). Scholars interpret the axes as purely symbolical objects. During the later part of the period, miniatures occur. Their role has been much discussed. The axes have been interpreted as associated with children's graves or related to deposition sites in the landscape and ascribed symbolism. Yet, little research has been devoted to understanding the first appearance of the miniature boat axes and relating them to other changes in the material culture towards the end of theMiddle Neolithic B.This study aims to reviewprevious research into the miniature boat axes and to discuss their role inMiddleNeolithic society. The discussion includes a survey of the axes and an analysis of their physical qualities in order to give the group a stringent and practical definition.The results suggest that boat axes of miniature size should be seen as a distinct part of Middle Neolithic B material culture. They differ from the full-sized axes in terms of shape, frequency and function.
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| 16. |
- von Hackwitz, Kim, 1975-
(författare)
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The Creation of Regions : An Alternative Approach to Swedish Middle Neolithic Boundaries and Cultures
- 2012
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Ingår i: Norwegian Archaeological Review. - London : Routledge. - 0029-3652 .- 1502-7678. ; 45:1, s. 52-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article investigates whether there is an alternative understanding to the presumed coast–inland division that has dominated middle Neolithic research in Sweden. Traditionally, the partition of the landscape is put in relation to two different material cultures said to represent two different ethnic groups: the Pitted Ware Culture and the Boat Axe Culture. An alternative interpretation is presented based on analyses of water catchment areas, naturally formed regions and landscape historicity. The results suggest that the traditional division between the inland and the coast may be questioned since the naturally formed regions include both zones and hence both material groups. For this reason, the difference in the material culture is more likely a consequence of different activities taking place at different locales within a single region, rather than being evidence of various ethnic groups.
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| 17. |
- von Hackwitz, Kim, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Vem är stor och liten, brun och grå? Något om båtyxors fyndkontext, längd och färg.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Aktuell Arkeologi. - Stockholm : Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia. ; :42, s. 21-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Even though several analyses of Boat Axes belonging to the Boat Axe Culture (also referred to as Battle Axe Culture) have already been carried out, it is our opinion that even more can be acknowledged if focus is attended to stray finds. This minor analysis, of 97 Boat Axes from Sweden, illustrates how such a study can be done and what kind of questions can be answered. After analysing Boat Axes with identified, or somewhat identified, contexts we put forward a few suggestions about how to make sense of axes from unknown contexts.
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