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| 2. |
- Omstedt, Anders, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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The BALTEX/Baltic Earth program: Excursions and returns
- 2024
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Ingår i: Oceanologia. - 0078-3234. ; 66:1, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Baltic Sea Experiment (BALTEX) started in 1993 as part of the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX). It was later organized into three programs: BALTEX I, BALTEX II, and Baltic Earth. Here, we examine in a brief overview the overall BALTEX achievements, including program goals, risks encountered during the research journey, and knowledge development when finalizing the programs. During three decades of climate and environmental studies of the Baltic Basin within the BALTEX/Baltic Earth programs, significant steps have been taken towards improved scientifically constructed knowledge and efforts to disseminate this knowledge to neighboring sciences and the public. These programs have illustrated the need to actively navigate the European research arena while remaining an independent science network. The well-organized International Baltic Earth Secretariat and many dedicated scientists made the research excursions safe and successful. The learning process relates to improved knowledge of the dynamics of the atmosphere–ocean–land climate system in the Baltic Sea region, the cycling of carbon and other substances, the region's anthropogenic climate and environmental changes, and how global warming and regional human activities can be detected outside natural variability.
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| 3. |
- Reckermann, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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BALTEX - an interdisciplinary research network for the Baltic Sea region
- 2011
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Ingår i: Environmental Research Letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 1748-9326. ; 6:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BALTEX is an environmental research network dealing with the Earth system of the entire Baltic Sea drainage basin. Important elements include the water and energy cycle, climate variability and change, water management and extreme events, and related impacts on biogeochemical cycles. BALTEX was founded in 1993 as a GEWEX continental-scale experiment and is currently in its second 10 yr phase. Phase I (1993–2002) was primarily dedicated to hydrological, meteorological and oceanographic processes in the Baltic Sea drainage basin, hence mostly dealt with the physical aspects of the system. Scientific focus was on the hydrological cycle and the exchange of energy between the atmosphere, the Baltic Sea and the surface of its catchment. The BALTEX study area was hydrologically defined as the Baltic Sea drainage basin. The second 10 yr phase of BALTEX (Phase II: 2003–12) has strengthened regional climate research, water management issues, biogeochemical cycles and overarching efforts to reach out to stakeholders and decision makers, as well as to foster communication and education. Achievements of BALTEX Phase II have been the establishment of an assessment report of regional climate change and its impacts on the Baltic Sea basin (from hydrological to biological and socio-economic), the further development of regional physical climate models and the integration of biogeochemical and ecosystem models. BALTEX features a strong infrastructure, with an international secretariat and a publication series, and organizes various workshops and conferences. This article gives an overview of the BALTEX programme, with an emphasis on Phase II, with some examples from BALTEX-related research.
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| 4. |
- von Storch, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Drift bottles in the southern Baltic Sea – an experiment-of-opportunity
- 2020
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Ingår i: Baltic Earth Newsletter. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A remarkable story about children preparing drift bottles, seamen dropping several of them simultaneously into the Baltic Sea, and others finding them at beaches far from each other. Thus, a formidable empirical data set, namely of the locations of findings spots, was the result of an “experiment-of-opportunity”. Using a transport model, we suggest the mechanism, how this wide spreading happened.
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| 5. |
- von Storch, Hans, 2008, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction and Summary
- 2008
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Ingår i: The BALTEX Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea basin. Berlin, Germany: Springer.. ; , s. 1-34
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Wetterhall, Fredrik, 1971-
(författare)
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Statistical Downscaling of Precipitation from Large-scale Atmospheric Circulation : Comparison of Methods and Climate Regions
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A global climate change may have large impacts on water resources on regional and global scales. General circulation models (GCMs) are the most used tools to evaluate climate-change scenarios on a global scale. They are, however, insufficiently describing the effects at the local scale. This thesis evaluates different approaches of statistical downscaling of precipitation from large-scale circulation variables, both concerning the method performance and the optimum choice of predictor variables. The analogue downscaling method (AM) was found to work well as “benchmark” method in comparison to more complicated methods. AM was implemented using principal component analysis (PCA) and Teweles-Wobus Scores (TWS). Statistical properties of daily and monthly precipitation on a catchment in south-central Sweden, as well as daily precipitation in three catchments in China were acceptably downscaled.A regression method conditioning a weather generator (SDSM) as well as a fuzzy-rule based circulation-pattern classification method conditioning a stochastical precipitation model (MOFRBC) gave good results when applied on Swedish and Chinese catchments. Statistical downscaling with MOFRBC from GMC (HADAM3P) output improved the statistical properties as well as the intra-annual variation of precipitation.The studies show that temporal and areal settings of the predictor are important factors concerning the success of precipitation modelling. The MOFRCB and SDSM are generally performing better than the AM, and the best choice of method is depending on the purpose of the study. MOFRBC applied on output from a GCM future scenario indicates that the large-scale circulation will not be significantly affected. Adding humidity flux as predictor indicated an increased intensity both in extreme events and daily amounts in central and northern Sweden.
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