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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Englund, Oskar, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Meeting Sustainability Requirements for SRC Bioenergy: Usefulness of Existing Tools, Responsibilities of Involved Stakeholders, and Recommendations for Further Developments
- 2012
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Ingår i: Bioenergy Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1939-1234 .- 1939-1242. ; 5:3, s. 606-620
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Short rotation coppice (SRC) is considered an important biomass supply option for meeting the European renewable energy targets. This paper presents an overview of existing and prospective sustainability requirements, Member State reporting obligations and parts of the methodology for calculating GHG emissions savings within the EU Renewable Energy Directive (RED), and shows how these RED-associated sustainability criteria may affect different stakeholders along SRC bioenergy supply chains. Existing and prospective tools are assessed on their usefulness in ensuring that SRC bioenergy is produced with sufficient consideration given to the RED-associated criteria. A sustainability framework is outlined that aims at (1) facilitating the development of SRC production systems that are attractive from the perspectives of all stakeholders, and (2) ensuring that the SRC production is RED eligible. Producer manuals, EIAs, and voluntary certification schemes can all be useful for ensuring RED eligibility. However, they are currently not sufficiently comprehensive, neither individually nor combined, and suggestions for how they can be more complementary are given. Geographical information systems offer opportunities for administrative authorities to provide stakeholders with maps or databases over areas/fields suitable for RED-eligible SRC cultivation. However, proper consideration of all relevant aspects requires that all stakeholders in the SRC supply chain become engaged in the development of SRC production systems and that a landscape perspective is used.
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| 6. |
- Mattsson, Eskil, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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What is good about Sri Lankan homegardens with regards to food security? A synthesis of the current scientific knowledge of a multifunctional land-use system
- 2018
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Ingår i: Agroforestry Systems. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-4366 .- 1572-9680. ; 92:6, s. 1469-1484
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, there has been growing interest in agroforestry systems due to their great potential to mitigate threats to household food and nutrition security from soaring food prices but also as carbon sinks. In Sri Lanka, smallholder farms such as homegardens constitute a majority of Sri Lanka's total annual crop and timber production. Despite Sri Lankan homegardens being considered desirable and sustainable land-use systems, their role in food and nutrition security is not yet entirely understood. By synthesising scientific articles and grey literature we sought the link between food security and homegardens by quantifying their products or services and ascertaining whether food security characteristics are assessed as direct or indirect impacts. The results show that 27% of 92 identified articles directly quantified aspects that are relevant to food security. Another 51% of the articles quantified indirect aspects that have relevance for food security, including climate, soil, ecosystem services, structural and floristic diversity and economic aspects. Twenty-two percent of the articles were categorised as being qualitative or conceptual and contained no direct assessments or quantification of food security. The presence of significant merits from homegardens includes providing food security throughout the year at low-cost while sustaining numerous ecosystem services. This benefits particularly the poor farmers. However, many studies are descriptive and only provide location-specific information on single research focuses such as plant species, yield and management. There are few comparisons with crop land, forests or other production systems, and there is even less empirical evidence and quantification of the food security and other benefits. Seven areas where more scientific focus would be beneficial are identified. Homegardens are strong in national policies and to reach a greater level of efficiency within these activities our findings suggest more emphasis on a higher degree of inclusiveness of relevant stakeholders and long-term engagements with context specific guidance.
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| 7. |
- Orru, Anna Maria, 1976
(författare)
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Extracting Urban Food Potential: design-based methods for digital and bodily cartography
- 2015
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Ingår i: Future of Food: Journal on Food, Agriculture and Society. - 2197-411X. ; 3:1, s. 48-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden’s recent report on Urban Sustainable Development calls out a missing link between the urban design process and citizens. This paper investigates if engaging citizens as design agents by providing a platform for alternate participation can bridge this gap, through the transfer of spatial agency and new modes of critical cartography. To assess whether this is the case, the approaches are applied to Stockholm’s urban agriculture movement in a staged intervention. The aim of the intervention was to engage citizens in locating existing and potential places for growing food and in gathering information from these sites to inform design in urban agriculture. The design-based methodologies incorporated digital and bodily interfaces for this cartography to take place. The Urban CoMapper, a smartphone digital app, captured real-time perspectives through crowd-sourced mapping. In the bodily cartography, participant’s used their bodies to trace the site and reveal their sensorial perceptions. The data gathered from these approaches gave way to a mode of artistic research for exploring urban agriculture, along with inviting artists to be engaged in the dialogues. In sum, results showed that a combination of digital and bodily approaches was necessary for a critical cartography if we want to engage citizens holistically into the urban design process as spatial agents informing urban policy. Such methodologies formed a reflective interrogation and encouraged a new intimacy with nature, in this instance, one that can transform our urban conduct by questioning our eating habits: where we get our food from and how we eat it seasonally.
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| 8. |
- Pálsdóttir, Anna.-Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Garden Smellscape : experiences of plant scents in a nature-based intervention
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - 1664-1078. ; 12, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores how participants suffering from stress-related mental disorders describe their perception, interaction, and lived experience of garden smellscape during their nature-based rehabilitation. Natural elements, and especially nature smells, have been found to have a profound effect on stress reduction, suggesting an interesting link between odor in nature and stress reduction. The study was conducted as a longitudinal case-study, running over a period of 5 years, investigating participants’ perceptions of a garden smellscape, after completing a 12-weeks nature-based rehabilitation in Alnarp Rehabilitation Garden, Sweden. All participants were treated for stress-related mental disorders. Data were collected through retrospective semi-structured individual interviews and analyzed according to interpretative phenomenological analysis. The results revealed in what way nature odor (odor in nature) evoked associations, emotions, and physical reactions and provide examples of how nature scents function as a catalyst for sensory awareness and memories. Findings supported the understanding that experiencing the smell of plants, especially pelargonium, may facilitate stress reduction and support mental recovery in a real-life context. The results of the study can be used for several purposes; thus, they are relevant for actors within the development of nature-based therapy, as well as stakeholders within the horticultural industry.
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| 9. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(författare)
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Precaution and Ethics: Handling risks, uncertainties and knowledge gaps in the regulation of new biotechnologies
- 2017
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This volume outlines and analyses ethical issues actualized by applying a precautionary approach to the regulation of new biotechnologies. It presents a novel way of categorizing and comparing biotechnologies from a precautionary standpoint. Based on this, it addresses underlying philosophical problems regarding the ethical assessment of decision-making under uncertainty and ignorance, and discusses how risks and possible benefits of such technologies should be balanced from an ethical standpoint. It argues on conceptual and ethical grounds for a technology neutral regulation as well as for a regulation that not only checks new technologies but also requires old, inferior ones to be phased out. It demonstrates how difficult ethical issues regarding the extent and ambition of precautionary policies need to be handled by such a regulation, and presents an overarching framework for doing so.
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| 10. |
- Röös, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Nästa steg för ekologiskt lantbruk – eko 3.0
- 2016
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Hur kan ekologisk produktion och konsumtion utvecklas för att bättre svara mot framtidens stora globala utmaningar? Den nya skriften bygger på broschyren "Organic 3.0 for truly sustainable farming & consumption" som tagits fram av IFOAM, internationell paraplyorganisation för ekologiskt lantbruk, kompletterat med reflektioner kring vad Eko 3.0 kan innebära för svenska förhållanden.
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| 11. |
- Dererie, Debebe Yilma, et al.
(författare)
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Improved bio-energy yields via sequential ethanol fermentation and biogas digestion of steam exploded oat straw
- 2011
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 102:6, s. 4449-4455
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using standard laboratory equipment, thermochemically pretreated oat straw was enzymatically saccharified and fermented to ethanol, and after removal of ethanol the remaining material was subjected to biogas digestion. A detailed mass balance calculation shows that, for steam explosion pretreatment, this combined ethanol fermentation and biogas digestion converts 85-87% of the higher heating value (HHV) of holocellulose (cellulose and hemicellulose) in the oat straw into biofuel energy. The energy (HHV) yield of the produced ethanol and methane was 9.5-9.8 MJ/(kg dry oat straw), which is 28-34% higher than direct biogas digestion that yielded 7.3-7.4 MJ/(kg dry oat straw). The rate of biogas formation from the fermentation residues was also higher than from the corresponding pretreated but unfermented oat straw, indicating that the biogas digestion could be terminated after only 24 days. This suggests that the ethanol process acts as an additional pretreatment for the biogas process.
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| 12. |
- Söderquist, Pär
(författare)
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Large-scale releases of native species : the mallard as a predictive model system
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Human alteration of natural systems, and its consequences are of great concern and the impact on global ecosystems is one of the biggest threats that biodiversity stands before. Translocations of invasive species, as well as intraspecific contingents with non-native genotypes, whether they are deliberate or unintentional, are one such alteration and its consequences are continuously being assessed. The mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is the most numerous and widespread duck in the world and a flagship in wetland conservation. It is also an important game species which is heavily restocked for hunting purposes, especially in Europe where over three million ducklings are released every year. Because of its hunted status, its abundance, and the number of released individuals, it can serve as a model species to study effects of releases, both for conservation and restocking for hunting, on wild populations. In this thesis the status of the mallard was assessed in the Nordic countries and the effects of releases on the wild populations were studied by mining historical ringing data, comparing morphology of present-day wild, farmed, and historical mallards, and analyzing phylogeography of wild and farmed mallards in Europe. The status of the mallard population in the Nordic countries are generally good, however, a joint effort of European countries is needed to monitor and manage the population. A significant difference between wild and farmed mallards concerning longevity, migration, bill morphology and genetic structure was also found, together with signs of cryptic introgression of farmed genotypes in the wild population with potential fitness reduction as a result. The effect is however limited by that only a fraction of released farmed mallards reach the breeding season due to low survival. A natural captive environment is crucial to keep individuals wild-like with high survival rates after release. However, with an introgression of potentially maladapted farmed genotypes leading to a reduction in fitness, a low survival of released mallards would favor the wild population. A legislative change regarding obligation to report numbers, provenance, and release sites of farmed mallard should be considered, together with practical solutions of ringing and genetic monitoring of released mallards.
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| 13. |
- Söderquist, Pär, et al.
(författare)
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Utsatta änder – så går det för dem
- 2014
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Ingår i: Svensk jakt. - 0039-6583. ; 152:12, s. 72-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 14. |
- Tickle, Lara, et al.
(författare)
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Expanding arenas for learning hunting ethics, their grammars and dilemmas : An examination of young hunters' enculturation into modern hunting
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sociologia Ruralis. - : Wiley. - 0038-0199 .- 1467-9523. ; 62:3, s. 632-650
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although hunting is declining in western countries, the number of people taking the hunting exam in Sweden are stable, and new demographic groups are becoming hunters. Through interviews done in Sweden with both new and experienced hunters, as well as focus groups with young hunters at agricultural colleges, we investigate how they navigate praxis and ethical frameworks taught in hunting. Using theories on moral learning, as well as Walzer's thick and thin moral argument, we contrast the views of these young hunters with the ethical principles outlined in the educational literature for the hunting exam. We then present how young hunters reasoned around issues regarding hunting ethics, animal welfare and the place of hunting in modern society, both inside and outside the classroom. The young hunters we spoke to acted as moderators of modern trends in hunting, often bringing 'destabilising' influences like social media and female hunters. Young hunters are enculturated into traditional hunting structures and, in the process, caught in a dialectic between modern influences and traditional hunting culture. Our findings highlight challenges such as 'false consensus' and 'ethical trade-offs' in the learning of hunting ethics, which emerge potentially due to a lack of space for deliberation on hunting ethics.
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| 15. |
- Öhrman, Phillip, et al.
(författare)
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En studie om tillit till inventeringssystemet för stora rovdjur
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tillit, att lita på samhället och på sina medmänniskor, är samhällets kitt. Ett samhälle, inklusive dess olika komponenter, som präglas av hög tillit antas fungera bättre än om tilliten är låg. Syftet med vår studie är att utvärdera tilliten till inventeringssystemet för stora rovdjur bland de myndigheter och intresseorganisationer som är direkt berörda av systemet. På basis av intervjuer utvärderade vi tilliten genom sex olika delkomponenter; kommunikation,ansvars- och kompetensfördelning, resurser, respekt, kunskap och rättvisa. Vi har identifierat brister i alla sex delkomponenterna vilket sammantaget resulterar i att tilliten för systemet kan betecknas som låg. • Kommunikationen i systemet; hur kommunikationen sker, vad somkommuniceras, och på vilket sätt beslut kommuniceras upplevs som undermålig.• Ansvars- och kompetensfördelningen upplevs som otydlig. Det finns en klyfta mellan de som fastställer regler och riktlinjer och de som utför inventeringarna, varför relationerna präglas mer av kontroll och misstro än av handlingsutrymme och tillit.• Inventeringsresurserna räcker inte till eller prioriteras fel; t.ex. prioriteras varg på bekostnad av de övriga arterna. Det minskar förutsättningarna att fatta välgrundade beslut om ersättningar för rovdjurspredation ochom licens- och skyddsjakt.• Respekten för kunskap, näringsverksamhet och ideellt arbete upplevs som bristfällig. Respekten missgynnas också av den rigida kontrollkultur som upplevs ha utvecklats till följd av mål- och resultatstyrning i kombination med strikta inventeringskriterier.• Integrationen av ny kunskap är bristfällig. Bristen på ett systematiskt s.k. adaptivt lärande leder till att nya lösningar inte tillämpas eller utvecklas i tillräckligt hög grad.• Systemet upplevs som orättvist och slutet. En översyn av hur kostnader och nytta fördelas efterlyses av aktörerna, både vad gäller direkta kostnader,men även transaktionskostnader, dvs. kostnader förknippade med samråd och samverkan. Det är också oklart hur aktörerna aktivt tillåts delta i utvecklingen av systemet. Aktörerna lyfter fram en rad förslag till hur tilliten kan stärkas. Det utgör grunden till förbättringar som också kan accepteras av de flesta:• Inled ett systematiskt kvalitetssäkringsarbete med fokus på dialog och aktörssamverkan, till exempel inom ramen för Dialog för Naturvård.• Arbeta gemensamt fram en tydlig rollfördelning som beskriver vem som gör vad, när och varför inom hela inventeringskedjan, med syftet att öka förutsägbarheten för alla inblandade.• Skapa incitament och strukturer för adaptiv förvaltning inom hela inventeringskedjan,på alla nivåer.• Ta fram en översyn av hur kostnader och nytta fördelas för alla aktörer.Det ska inkludera direkta kostnader och transaktionskostnader, dvs. kostnader förknippade med samråd och samverkan.• Utveckla och effektivisera inventeringsmetoderna, gärna med ny teknik som DNA, kameror och drönare. Utöka samarbetet med forskningsprojekt som till exempel ScandCam.• Återkoppla direkt till intresseorganisationernas och allmänhetens observationerför att öka motivationen att rapportera.• Utveckla ett regelverk för de år där det saknas inventeringsdata (t.ex.på grund av snöbrist), genom till exempel en rutin för framskrivning av antalet djur baserat på trendanalys.• Minska fjärrstyrningen, NVs roll bör vara mer koordinerande än kontrollerande.• Verka för kunskapsintegration (s.k. kollektiv intelligens) genom att samordnakunskaper, vetenskaplig samt lokal och traditionell kunskap, så att det gagnar hela systemet.• Gör en översyn av hur resurser fördelas och prioriteras i systemet.
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| 16. |
- Berndes, Göran, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Biomass for energy, food and materials in an industrial society of 10 billion people
- 1996
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Ingår i: Renewable Energy. ; 9:1-4, s. 926-929
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we analyse the requirements of bioproductive land in a future industrial so-ciety of 10 billion people, with average per capita economic standard comparable to that of the industrialized countries of today. Despite significantly more efficient technology, lowering demand for both energy and material per service delivered, requirement for food and material alone will call for a heavily increased demand for bioproductive land for use in agriculture and silviculture. Large areas of short rotation energy plantations may be biophysically possible, but will clearly compete for available bioproductive land with agriculture and silviculture, as well as with preservation of the world's biodiversity. Therefore, the notion that there exists large areas of surplus or degraded land, which, without coming in conflict with food production and preservation of biodiversity, can be used for large energy plantations has not fully taken into account possible increased de-mand for bioproductive land from global industrialization and raising of the global average economic standard.
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| 17. |
- Jonsdottir, Rakel J., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of nutrient loading and fertilization at planting on growth and nutrient status of Lutz spruce (Picea x lutzii) seedlings during the first growing season in Iceland
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 28:7, s. 631-641
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The low availability of nitrogen (N) is believed to be one of the major limiting factors of forest regeneration inIceland and frequently under Boreal conditions. Lutz spruce (Picea x lutzii Littl.) seedlings were nutrient loadedusing four fertilization regimes in the end of nursery rotation in autumn 2008 and planted in the following spring,with or without a single dose of fertilizer, on two treeless sites in N-Iceland with contrasting soil fertility.Measurements were made after one growing season. The highest loading level without additional field fertilizationincreased new needle mass by 122% and 152%, for the poor and more fertile site, respectively. The highest loadinglevel with field fertilization increased new needle mass equally, by 188% and 189%, for the poor and more fertilesite, respectively. Retranslocation of N, from old needles to current needles, increased with more loading.However, it was clear that nutrient loading could not replace field fertilization, as the seedlings generally showedan additive response to field fertilization and nutrient loading; doing both always gave the best results in seedlingperformance. As the study only covers field establishment during the first year, the long-term effect of nutrientloading of Lutz spruce cannot be predicted. However, it was concluded that loading might provide an additionalinput for faster plantation establishment during the first growing season after planting.
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| 18. |
- Hu, Jia
(författare)
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Climate-friendly rice - characterisation of rice varieties associated with low-methane emissions and improved bioenergy properties
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Paddy rice cultivation contributes to global warming by emitting methane into the atmosphere. The aims of the work presented in this thesis were to breed climatefriendly rice varieties, to increase rice straw utilisation to reduce the impact of rice cultivation on the environment. The results showed that fumarate and ethanol were the two major exudate compounds from SUSIBA2-rice roots regulating methane emissions from SUSIBA2-rice paddies. A naturally occurring low-methane rice variety was identified and field testing demonstrated that it could be successfully grown in Uppsala, Sweden, opening up possibilities for expanding rice cultivation into high-latitude countries. Key candidate genes important in adaptation of rice to Scandinavian light and climate conditions were identified. By crossing a naturally occurring low-methane rice variety with four high-yielding elite varieties, four independent lines of low-methane rice with high yield potential were developed. Field trials demonstrated that methane emissions from the selected lines were reduced by 70%. Analysis of carbon allocation and molecular analyses of gene activities revealed that sugar transporters such as SUT and SWEET participated in allocation of carbon to aboveground tissues, contributing to the high yield and lowmethane properties. The results also indicated that increasing the lipid content in rice straw could increase its value in bioenergy production. Overall, this thesis shows that plant breeding can successfully address several pressing issues affecting sustainability in rice production by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increasing crop productivity and diversity, and improving bioenergy production from straw.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Bostad, Elise
(författare)
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Labour input in Swedish intensive beef cattle production : physical work environment and motivation
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Red veal and young bull production are the two main intensive beef finishing systems in Sweden and utilise practically all male calves from the dairy and suckler cow herds. This thesis examined labour input and physical working conditions in the two systems in order to identify factors influencing these parameters. Data collection was mainly based on questionnaires, complemented by observations and interviews on farm visits, and related to the most common work tasks performed during different stages of the finishing period. Motivating factors among the Swedish intensive beef cattle producers were examined to analyse how individual orientations of motivation can help understanding farmers’ working conditions. Total time required per calf in red veal production (n=31) was 5.5, 1.9 and 2.0 h/calf for small, medium and large farms, respectively. This corresponded to a labour efficiency of 1.5, 0.6 and 0.6 min/calf/day. Labour efficiency on young bull farms (n=101) purchasing calves at median ages 21, 61, 121 and 180 days was 0.76, 0.94, 0.64 and 0.69 min/bull/day, respectively. No significant difference was found in labour efficiency between the four different finishing models on young bull farms. A possibility to improve labour efficiency by up to 63% was found when comparing the farms with the 25% highest and 25% lowest labour inputs. An effect of scale on labour input was found up to unit sizes of 550 red veal calves and 450 young bulls per year. The overall perceived physical strain was rated moderate exertion level. Cleaning tasks and handling of young bulls were rated with the highest physical strain. The prevalence of perceived musculoskeletal symptoms (MSD) was 51% and 65% in red veal and young bull farmers, respectively. MSD was most frequently reported in upper extremities and the back. Feeling stressed and worried, working in an unpleasant climate, high demands on the daily work pace and a high risk of injuries were reported by more than 20% of the 59 red veal and 98 young bull farmers surveyed. Work injuries were reported by 20% and 39% of red veal and young bull farmers, respectively. Swedish young bull and red veal producers with large, work-efficient farms were economically orientated, but just as highly motivated by several intrinsic values as those on small farms, indicating an unprecedented degree of multidimensionality. Identified measures of improvement of labour input and physical working conditions mainly related to frequently performed work tasks, animal handling, fragmentation of farm, and to improved facilities in the quarantine houses where proportion of labour input and the level of physical strain was typically high.
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| 22. |
- Crespo, Leonardo
(författare)
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Resistance to aphids in wheat : from a plant breeding perspective
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Wheat is one of the main staple foods in the world. Among the many constraints there are for wheat production, aphids cause severe damage by their feeding, and by virus transmission. The current document summarizes the available information regarding wheat resistance to aphids. The text is divided into four sections. The first section “Plant resistance to insects: from a historical perspective” serves as an introduction, where some important factors shaping Plant Resistance to insects as a discipline are presented. The section “Categories of resistance and plant defenses to aphids”, presents the concepts of Plant Resistance to insects, with wheat-aphid examples. The methods to assess the categories of resistance are briefly discussed in this section as well. “Genetic resources for resistance to aphids in wheat”, the third part of the document, is focused on the wheat relatives in which resistance to biotic stresses and to aphids in particular can be found. The aim of this section is to describe the resistance donors in relation to each of the main aphid species that attack wheat. Finally, some aspects on how to improve wheat for resistance to aphids are discussed in the fourth section, “Considerations for wheat breeding”.
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| 23. |
- Crespo, Leonardo, et al.
(författare)
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Resistance to multiple cereal aphids in wheat-alien substitution and translocation lines
- 2013
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Ingår i: Arthropod-Plant Interactions. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1872-8855 .- 1872-8847. ; 7, s. 535-545
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rhopalosiphum padi, Schizaphis graminum, and Sitobion avenae are three of the most destructive aphid species of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). They can significantly reduce wheat yields directly by feeding and indirectly by transmitting viruses. This study aimed to search for resistance to these aphid species among lines derived from different rye (Secale cereale) origins and from Aegilops speltoides, all in the genetic background of the wheat cultivar Pavon F76. Resistance was quantified as aphid weight (R. padi, S. avenae, and S. graminum) and the number of aphids and percentage of infested leaf area exhibiting chlorosis (S. graminum). The most resistant genotypes reduced R. padi and S. avenae weight by 24.2 and 34.3 %, respectively, at the seedling stage, compared with Pavon F76 control plants. Strong S. graminum resistance was found only in A. speltoides-derived lines, the most resistant of which (7A.7S-L5) sustained just 3 % chlorosis and reduced S. graminum colony weight by 67.7 %. One line carrying the 1AL.1RS(am) wheat-rye translocation from Amigo wheat (originally from Insave rye) reduced S. avenae weight by 23.2 and 21.8 % in seedling and adult plants, respectively. Single genotypes carrying the complete 1R chromosome or the 1RS chromosome arm derived from E12165 wheat and Presto triticale proved to be resistant to both R. padi and S. avenae at the seedling stage. Further research should be conducted to unravel the genetic basis of resistance to these aphids in 1RS genotypes. The sources of resistance identified here may be useful for incorporating multiple aphid species resistance in wheat breeding programs, particularly for R. padi and S. avenae, to which no resistant wheats have been bred.
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| 24. |
- Dida, Mulatu Geleta, et al.
(författare)
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Domestication of Lepidium campestre as part of Mistra Biotech, a research programme focused on agro biotechnology for sustainable food
- 2014
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Ingår i: Perennial Crops for Food Security Proceedings of the FAO Expert Workshop. - 9789251079980 - 9789251079997 ; , s. 141-147
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several important challenges are facing agriculture . In the stride towards lowering the negative environmental impact of food production while maint aining and increasing the production, both basic farming practices and novel technologies are important tools. The use of biotechnology in breeding, however, is not uncontroversial. The crit icism has many angles and often relates to the applications brought forward by large, multinationa l companies, and farmers growing dependence on these companies when it comes to seeds. Question s are being raised about ethical acceptability, and about the health and environmental impacts. A g eneral aversion to what is often referred to as the “industrialization” of agriculture, and t o “unnaturalness”, also emerges in the debate. In the research programme referred to as Mistra Biotech , we include both philosophy and natural and social sciences. The overall goal is to facilitate production systems that are sustainable from ecological, social and economic perspectives. The objectives of the programme include developing: * new elite plant lines that have benefits for consumers, farmers, the food industry and the environment; * agribiotechnology tools that are important for achieving new product qualities, healthier crops and livestock, and for solving environmental problems in agriculture; * basis for sustainable production systems that contribute to increased competitiveness in Swedish agriculture and food production; * tools for ethical scrutiny of agricultural biotechnology that combine high demands on safety with encouragement of innovations; * basis for improved regulatory approaches and private-public relationships. The programme includes six component projects, in which domestication of a new biennial oilseed crop Lepidium campestre (field cress) is a major research focus. Questions we will try to answer within this programme include: Can biotechnology be used to improve crops which mitigate climate change or benefit the environment? What potential is there to commercialize such a crop? How would the consumers react to products made from it? Can breeding technology be improved further? Why does the market for genetically improved plant and animal materials look the way it does? What ethical concerns does the use of biotechnology raise? And how do all these issues feed into future agricultural systems? The results are integrated in the synthesis project called the Centre for Agriculture and Food Systems Analysis and Synthesis (AgriSA). Here we emphasise the research within Component Project1, with a focus on the domestication of field cress.
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| 25. |
- Nybom, Hilde
(författare)
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Fyra nya äpplesorter från Balsgård
- 2014
-
Ingår i: LTV-fakultetens faktablad.
-
Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Fakulteten för landskapsarkitektur, trädgårds- och växtproduktionsvetenskap 2014 För SLU är frukt och bärförädling en viktig verksamhet som bedrivs på Balsgård, 10 km norr om Kristianstad i nordöstra Skåne (Nybom 2006, 2010). Innan SLU kom in i bilden 1970, hade äppleförädling bedrivits på Balsgård genom Föreningen för växtförädling av frukt och bär sedan 40-talet. Balsgård är beläget i ett av landets äldsta frukt- odlingsdistrikt, vilket lämpar sig utmärkt för äppleträd. Här finns lätta och varma jordar samt gynnsamma odlingslägen på sluttningar ner mot sjöarna som ligger tätt i det mjukt böljande landskapet. Den första äpplesorten från Balsgård blev Alice, som lanserades i slutet av 60-talet (Nybom 2012c). Denna följdes snart av storsäljare som Aroma och Katja, samt den synnerligen vinterhärdiga Rödluvan. På senare tid är det främst de välsmakande och sjukdomsresistenta syskonsorterna Frida och Fredrik som låtit tala om sig
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Sandin, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Technology neutrality and regulation of agricultural biotechnology
- 2018
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Ingår i: Professionals in food chains: ethics, rules and responsibility. EurSafe 2018, Vienna, Austria 13 – 16 June 2018 / edited by: Svenja Springer, Herwig Grimm. - Wageningen, Netherlands : Wageningen Academic Publishers. - 9789086863211
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agricultural biotechnology, in particular genetically modified organisms (GMOs), is subject to regulation in many areas of the world, not least in the European Union (EU). A number of authors have argued that those regulatory processes are unfair, costly, and slow and that regulation therefore should move in the direction of increased ‘technology neutrality’. The issue is becoming more pressing, especially since new biotechnologies such as CRISPR increasingly blur the regulatory distinction between GMOs and non-GMOs. This paper offers a definition of technology neutrality, uses the EU GMO regulation as a starting point for exploring technology neutrality, and presents distinctions between variants of the call for technology neutral GMO regulation in the EU.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Alexandridis, Nikolaos, et al.
(författare)
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Climate change and ecological intensification of agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa : A systems approach to predict maize yield under push-pull technology
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. - 0167-8809 .- 1873-2305. ; 352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Assessing effects of climate change on agricultural systems and the potential for ecological intensification to increase food security in developing countries is essential to guide management, policy-making and future research. ‘Push-pull’ technology (PPT) is a poly-cropping design developed in eastern Africa that utilizes plant chemicals to mediate plant–insect interactions. PPT application yields significant increases in crop productivity, by reducing pest load and damage caused by arthropods and parasitic weeds, while also bolstering soil fertility. As climate change effects may be species- and/or context-specific, there is need to elucidate how, in interaction with biotic factors, projected climate conditions are likely to influence future functioning of PPT. Here, we first reviewed how changes in temperature, precipitation and atmospheric CO2 concentration can influence PPT components (i.e., land use, soils, crops, weeds, diseases, pests and their natural enemies) across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We then imposed these anticipated responses on a landscape-scale qualitative mathematical model of maize production under PPT in eastern Africa, to predict cumulative, structure-mediated impacts of climate change on maize yield. Our review suggests variable impacts of climate change on PPT components in SSA by the end of the 21st century, including reduced soil fertility, increased weed and arthropod pest pressure and increased prevalence of crop diseases, but also increased biological control by pests’ natural enemies. Extrapolating empirical evidence of climate effects to predict responses to projected climate conditions is mainly limited by a lack of mechanistic understanding regarding single and interactive effects of climate variables on PPT components. Model predictions of maize yield responses to anticipated impacts of climate change in eastern Africa suggest predominantly negative future trends. Nevertheless, maize yields can be sustained or increased by favourable changes in system components with less certain future behaviour, including higher PPT adoption, preservation of field edge density and agricultural diversification beyond cereal crops.
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| 30. |
- Alexandridis, Nikolaos, et al.
(författare)
-
Climate change and ecological intensification of agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa – A systems approach to predict maize yield under push-pull technology
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. - 0167-8809 .- 1873-2305. ; 352
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Assessing effects of climate change on agricultural systems and the potential for ecological intensification to increase food security in developing countries is essential to guide management, policy-making and future research. ‘Push-pull’ technology (PPT) is a poly-cropping design developed in eastern Africa that utilizes plant chemicals to mediate plant–insect interactions. PPT application yields significant increases in crop productivity, by reducing pest load and damage caused by arthropods and parasitic weeds, while also bolstering soil fertility. As climate change effects may be species- and/or context-specific, there is need to elucidate how, in interaction with biotic factors, projected climate conditions are likely to influence future functioning of PPT. Here, we first reviewed how changes in temperature, precipitation and atmospheric CO2 concentration can influence PPT components (i.e., land use, soils, crops, weeds, diseases, pests and their natural enemies) across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We then imposed these anticipated responses on a landscape-scale qualitative mathematical model of maize production under PPT in eastern Africa, to predict cumulative, structure-mediated impacts of climate change on maize yield. Our review suggests variable impacts of climate change on PPT components in SSA by the end of the 21st century, including reduced soil fertility, increased weed and arthropod pest pressure and increased prevalence of crop diseases, but also increased biological control by pests’ natural enemies. Extrapolating empirical evidence of climate effects to predict responses to projected climate conditions is mainly limited by a lack of mechanistic understanding regarding single and interactive effects of climate variables on PPT components. Model predictions of maize yield responses to anticipated impacts of climate change in eastern Africa suggest predominantly negative future trends. Nevertheless, maize yields can be sustained or increased by favourable changes in system components with less certain future behaviour, including higher PPT adoption, preservation of field edge density and agricultural diversification beyond cereal crops.
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| 31. |
- Barthel, Stephan, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Biocultural Refugia : Combating the Erosion of Diversity in Landscapes of Food Production
- 2013
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Ingår i: Ecology and Society. - 1708-3087. ; 18:4, s. UNSP 71-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is urgent need to both reduce the rate of biodiversity loss caused by industrialized agriculture and feed morepeople. The aim of this paper is to highlight the role of places that harbor traditional ecological knowledge, artifacts, and methodswhen preserving biodiversity and ecosystem services in landscapes of food production. We use three examples in Europe ofbiocultural refugia, defined as the physical places that not only shelter farm biodiversity, but also carry knowledge and experiencesabout practical management of how to produce food while stewarding biodiversity and ecosystem services. Memory carriersinclude genotypes, landscape features, oral, and artistic traditions and self-organized systems of rules, and as such reflect adiverse portfolio of practices on how to deal with unpredictable change. We find that the rich biodiversity of many regionallydistinct cultural landscapes has been maintained through different smallholder practices developed in relation to localenvironmental fluctuations and carried within biocultural refugia for as long as millennia. Places that transmit traditionalecological knowledge and practices hold important lessons for policy makers since they may provide genetic and culturalreservoirs — refugia — for the wide array of species that have co-evolved with humans in Europe for more than 6000 thousandyrs. Biodiversity restoration projects in domesticated landscapes can employ the biophysical elements and cultural practicesembedded in biocultural refugia to create locally adapted small-scale mosaics of habitats that allow species to flourish and adaptto change. We conclude that such insights must be included in discussions of land-sparing vs. land-sharing when producingmore food while combating loss of biodiversity. We found the latter strategy rational in domesticated landscapes with a longhistory of agriculture
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Björklund, Johanna, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing ecosystem services in perennial intercropping systems : participatory action research in Swedish modern agrofores
- 2014
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Ingår i: Farming systems facing global challenges. - : IFSA Europe, Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. ; , s. 112-113, s. 1950-1959
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The focus of this paper is on how to assess ecosystem services in complex agroforestry systems using a case of edible forest gardens. Benefits of doing these assessments in a participatory learning and action research (PLAR) context are elaborated, as well as difficulties and questions that this has raised. The PLAR group comprised farmers on 13 smallholdings, researchers and a facilitator, which through collaboration and participatory methods have developed a general design of a forest garden, 60 m2 in size and established it on all 13 participating farms. Important values of the work are that ecosystem services are related to specific local contexts and that methodology for multi-criteria assessments of the generation of ecosystem services on a farm scale are being developed. Farmers engaged in formulating research questions, development of field trial designs, sampling and analysis of results improves the relevance and quality of the research as well as advance the adoption of new knowledge.
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| 34. |
- Cederberg, Christel, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Betande djur kan inte rädda klimatet
- 2013
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Ingår i: Land Lantbruk. - 2002-5599 .- 2002-5580.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 35. |
- Eckersten, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Framtida risker och hot mot svensk spannmåls- respektive mjölkproduktion : en analys av forskningsbehov för att bedöma risker
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vad är syftet med denna Riskanalys? Svensk spannmåls- och mjölkproduktion beror på många faktorer av vilka flera är så kallade biofysiska, dvs i allt väsentligt är de av naturvetenskaplig karaktär (t ex väder, sjukdomar mm). En del förändringar i dessa förutsättningar utgör hot. Vår studie avser att identifiera några av dessa hot och utvärdera, utifrån vetenskapligt testade metodiker, sannolikheten för att de orsakar en skada på produktionen. Detta kräver dock ett mycket omfattande arbete och i denna studie har vi därför begränsat oss till att (i) strukturera hur en vetenskapligt baserad riskanalys bör gå till, och (ii) göra ett antal preliminära riskanalyser för att (iii) identifiera kunskapsluckor som behöver forskas på för att analysen ska kunna antas vila på en vetenskaplig grund. Vad menar vi med Risk? Vi har definierat risk som sannolikheten att ett hot orsakar en viss negativ konsekvens för den skyddsvärda tillgången. Av dessa termer är kanske den sistnämnda den mest centrala. Vad är det vi vill skydda? Vi har valt ut två tillgångar, Sveriges nationella spannmåls- respektive mjölkproduktion och avser då den produktion som lämnar gården, eller används inom gården, och att de skyddas så att de förblir ungefär av den omfattningen de har i dagsläget. Hoten mot denna produktion har valts utifrån förslag från tidigare studier, workshop, tillgången på experter och att hoten ska vara av biofysisk karaktär. Vilket hot som verkligen utgör en stor risk vet vi ju dock inte förrän efter riskanalysen är utförd och valen av hot bygger därför på en preliminär uppskattning. Biofysisk karaktär innebär att vi främst analyserat naturvetenskapliga hot. Hoten orsakar effekter på produktionen i mätbara termer som sedan översätts till en mer abstrakt skala från ingen till extremt negativ konsekvens. Beroende på olika osäkerhetsfaktorer erhåller vi flera konsekvensvärden för ett givet hot, och fördelningen av dessa på konsekvensskalan utgör ett mått på sannolikheten. Risken anges alltså som ett förhållande mellan konsekvens och sannolikhet. Varför har vi gjort denna systemavgränsning? Riskanalysen har två huvudaktörer; riskhanteraren som definierar vad som ska anlyseras och analysfunktionen som utför analysen. Riskhanteraren är i vårt fall styrgruppen för SLUs forskningsprogram Framtidens lantbruk (FA, 2015) som har definierat typen av hot och de skyddsvärda tillgångarna som ska analyseras. Vi som utfört denna studie är analysfunktionen, och har alltså dessa definitioner som en utgångspunkt. Om vi ändå tillåter oss att spekulera kring valet av spannmåls- respektive mjölkproduktionen så kan det motiveras av SLU's nationella ansvar vad avser den vetenskapliga kompetensen inom de areella näringarna. Ett fokus på biofysiska hot motiveras av att dessa är potentiellt stora och växande, såsom t ex är fallet vad avser klimatförändringar. Riskanalyser av denna typ bildar centrala underlag för att formulera olika strategier, t ex angående livsmedelsförsörjning. Hur har arbetet gått till? Riskanalyserna har utförts för ett antal "krisscenarier"; fyra avseende hot mot spannmålsproduktionen (Radioaktivt-nedfall, Virus-i-spannmål, Herbicidresistens och Extremt-sommarväder) och tre avseende mjölkproduktionen (Leptospiros-utbrott, Foderimport-stopp och Värmebölja). Analysen tar sin utgångspunkt i ett omvärldsscenario som definierar de yttre förutsättningarna för vad som antas inträffa. Detta ligger till grund för att identifiera troliga hot mot produktionen och vilka åtgärder som förväntas vidtas. Vi har sedan utgått från att dessa hot och åtgärder verkligen har hänt när vi mha våra förklaringsmodeller bestämt effekterna på produktionen i termer av mätbara enheter ("metrics"; t ex procentuell minskning av lokal eller regional veteproduktion). Dessa effekter tolkas/integreras sedan till en konsekvens för, helst den nationella, men i realiteten främst den regionala produktionen i fem nivåer (ingen, liten, måttlig, stor respektive extrem). Osäkerheter i bedömningarna innebär att flera alternativa konsekvenser erhålls, för ett givet hot, och som ligger till grund för en sannolikhetsbedömning. Analyserna har gjorts av experter inom respektive hots vetenskapliga område, men som haft begränsade förutsättningar (av tidsskäl) att göra tillräckligt många bedömningar för att erhålla ett tillförlitligt mått på sannolikhetsfördelningen (osäkerheten). Istället har vi, vilket också är ett huvudsyfte med studien, huvudsakligen försökt identifiera de kunskapsluckor i förklaringsmodellerna som begränsat våra möjligheter att kunna göra vetenskapligt baserade bedömningar av effekterna (se vidare Appendix 3). Vad är resultatet? Vi har gjort vissa grova skattningar av sannolikheten trots det bristfälliga antalet bedömningar av konsekvenser. Om ett radioaktivt nedfall sker i en region får det extrema konsekvenser för dess spannmålsproduktion på regional nivå. Ett omfattande angrepp av jordburna virus orsakar en måttlig eller stor konsekvens. En utvecklad herbicidresistens hos ogräsen orsakar i huvudsak en liten till måttlig konsekvens. En extremt torr sommar kan ett år orsaka en stor konsekvens och ett annat år ingen alls. Likaledes orsakar en Regnig-sensommar i ca hälften av fallen ingen konsekvens, men för de resterande åren kan alla grader av konsekvenser uppstå på spannmålsproduktionen. För mjölkproduktionen orsakar samtliga tre hot (Leptospiros-utbrott, Foderimport-stopp och Värmebölja) en liten till måttlig konsekvens. Vad avser ett importsopp för foder är detta under förutsättning att olika åtgärdsprogram kombineras. Om fokus läggs på endast ett åtgärdsprogram ökar risken väsentligt. Dessa skattningar ska alltså inte betraktas som en vetenskapligt baserad analys i nuläget, utan demonstrerar främst exempel på resultat från sådana analyser. Skattningarna har hjälpt oss att identifiera vilka kunskaper vi saknar för att analyserna ska kunna betraktas som vetenskapligt baserade (se vidare Tabell 4.3a; sammanfattningar av respektive scenario finns i Resultatdelen). Analyserna har ibland också lett till att vi identifierat följdhändelser som faller utanför systemavgränsningen för vår studie och som andra studier har till uppgift att utreda. Många av de hot vi analyserat kan leda till betydande ekonomiska konsekvenser för enskilda företag, vilket i sin tur utgör hot mot produktionen. För denna analys krävs dock socioekonomiska analyser. Vi ser här också kopplingar mellan krisscenarier som är av biofysisk karaktär, t ex kan foder kontaminerat med radioaktivt cesium utgöra ett hot mot mjölkproduktionen. Vår studie har dock bara analyserat ett krisscenarios inverkan på antigen spannmåls- eller mjölkproduktionen.Vilka är de viktigaste slutsatserna? En central fråga är: Hur trovärdiga/säkra är dessa förutsägelser? Risk avser en förutsägelse om något som ännu inte hänt. Det första som behövs är alltså någon form av modell. Dessa modeller kan vara av olika sort i termer av vilken empirisk kunskap de använder för extrapolering (t ex funktioner, behandlingseffekter, mm), om de är objektiva och om de är transparenta. Alla modeller är osäkra i någon mening. Dock saknas i alla de fall vi undersökt mått på modellernas förutsägelseförmåga (med något enstaka undantag). En allmän slutsats blir att forskningen behöver inriktas mot att testa modellernas förutsägelseförmåga mot observationer för att kunna bidra till en vetenskapligt baserad riskanalys av spannmåls- respektive mjölkproduktionen. Detta innebär att experiment- och försöksupplägg behöver göras utifrån hypoteser (modeller) om hur de dynamiska förloppen beror på varierande förutsättningar och omgivningsförhållanden. T ex behöver de statistiska relationerna för hur Extremt-sommarväder påverkar spannmålsproduktionen, som används i vår studie, kompletteras med tester av grödmodeller som kan beakta flera vädervariablers samtida variationer i både tid och rum. För kunskapsluckor som är specifika för respektive hot, se Tabell 4.4Sammanfattningsvis behövs (i) fler förutsägelser av respektive potentiellt hots konsekvenser på produktionen, med modeller som har någon form av graderad tillförlitlighet, för att erhålla mått på osäkerheter. Dessutom behövs det (ii) tester av hypoteser för uppskalningar från kontrollerade experiment och försök (på en liten skala i tid och rum) till regional och nationell skala över flera år, och (iii) utveckling av metodiker för hur sannolikheter för hot, åtgärder respektive konsekvenser kan kombineras till en sannolikhetsfördelning som inbegriper bedömningsosäkerheter för alla dessa faktorer. Troligtvis behövs också att fler potentiella biofysiska hot analyseras. Hur går vi vidare? En mer fullständig riskanalys som inkluderar alla potentiellt stora hot mot produktionen, och samtidigt är vetenskapligt baserad, kräver att potentiella hot utreds kontinuerligt inom respektive produktionsrelaterat ämnesområde vid SLU. Detta kräver troligen att verksamheter som testar hypoteser för att förutsäga effekter av hot knyts nära den experimentella forskningen och experter inom respektive ämnesområde. Det krävs troligen också att en syntesverksamhet etableras på en ämnesövergripande nivå där metodiker kan standardardiseras, och olika hot och dess konsekvenser kan jämföras och kombineras. En sådan fungerande verksamhet behöver utvidga systemgränserna jämfört med vår studie, genom att sannolikheter för att hot uppkommer och att åtgärder faktiskt vidtas, också bedöms. Dessa sannolikheter behöver sedan integreras med sannolikheterna för konsekvenserna på produktionen. Därefter kan riskanalysen utökas till att inbegripa en mer a
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| 36. |
- Flysjö, A., et al.
(författare)
-
How does co-product handling affect the carbon footprint of milk? Case study of milk production in New Zealand and Sweden
- 2011
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1614-7502 .- 0948-3349. ; 16:5, s. 420-430
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose This paper investigates different methodologies of handling co-products in life cycle assessment (LCA) or carbon footprint (CF) studies. Co-product handling can have a significant effect on final LCA/CF results, and although there are guidelines on the preferred order for different methods for handling co-products, no agreed understanding on applicable methods is available. In the present study, the greenhouse gases (GHG) associated with the production of 1 kg of energy-corrected milk (ECM) at farm gate is investigated considering co-product handling. Materials and methods Two different milk production systems were used as case studies in the investigation of the effect of applying different methodologies in coproduct handling: (1) outdoor grazing system in New Zealand and (2) mainly indoor housing system with a pronounced share of concentrate feed in Sweden. Since the cows produce milk, meat (when slaughtered), calves, manure, hides, etc., the environmental burden (here GHG emissions) must be distributed between these outputs (in the present study no emissions are attributed to hides specifically, or to manure which is recycled on-farm). Different methodologically approaches, (1) system expansion (two cases), (2) physical causality allocation, (3) economic allocation, (4) protein allocation and (5) mass allocation, are applied in the study. Results and discussion The results show large differences in the final CF number depending on which methodology has been used for accounting co-products. Most evident is that system expansion gives a lower CF for milk than allocation methods. System expansion resulted in 63- 76% of GHG emissions attributed directly to milk, while allocation resulted in 85-98%. It is stressed that meat is an important by-product from milk production and that milk and beef production is closely interlinked and therefore needs to be considered in an integrated approach. Conclusions To obtain valid LCA/CF numbers for milk, it is crucial to account for by-products. Moreover, if CF numbers for milk need to be compared, the same allocation procedure should be applied. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.
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| 37. |
- Flysjö, A., et al.
(författare)
-
The impact of various parameters on the carbon footprint of milk production in New Zealand and Sweden
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Agricultural Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2267 .- 0308-521X. ; 104:6, s. 459-469
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The carbon footprint (CF) of milk production was analysed at the farm gate for two contrasting production systems; an outdoor pasture grazing system in New Zealand (NZ) and a mainly indoor housing system with pronounced use of concentrate feed in Sweden (SE). The method used is based on the conceptual framework of lifecycle assessment (LCA), but only for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. National average data were used to model the dairy system in each country. Collection of inventory data and calculations of emissions were harmonised to the greatest extent possible for the two systems. The calculated CF for 1kg of energy corrected milk (ECM), including related by-products (surplus calves and culled cows), was 1.00kg carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) for NZ and 1.16kg CO2e for SE. Methane from enteric fermentation and nitrous oxide emissions from application of nitrogen (as fertiliser and as excreta dropped directly on the field) were the main contributors to the CF in both countries. The most important parameters to consider when calculating the GHG emissions were dry matter intake (DMI), emission factor (EF) for methane from enteric fermentation, amount of nitrogen applied and EF for direct nitrous oxide emissions from soils. By changing one parameter at a time within 'reasonable' limits (i.e. no extreme values assumed), the impact on the total CF was assessed and showed changes of up to 15%. In addition, the uncertainty in CF estimates due to uncertainty in EF for methane from enteric fermentation and nitrous oxide emissions (from soil and due to ammonia volatilisation) were analysed through Monte Carlo simulation. This resulted in an uncertainty distribution corresponding to 0.60-1.52kg CO2e kg-1 ECM for NZ and 0.83-1.56kg CO2e kg-1 ECM for SE (in the prediction interval 2.5-97.5%). Hence, the variation within the systems based on the main EF is relatively large compared with the difference in CF between the countries. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
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| 38. |
- Galway, Lindsay P, et al.
(författare)
-
Mapping the solastalgia literature : a scoping review study
- 2019
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 16:15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solastalgia is a relatively new concept for understanding the links between human and ecosystem health, specifically, the cumulative impacts of climatic and environmental change on mental, emotional, and spiritual health. Given the speed and scale of climate change alongside biodiversity loss, pollution, deforestation, unbridled resource extraction, and other environmental challenges, more and more people will experience solastalgia. This study reviewed 15 years of scholarly literature on solastalgia using a scoping review process. Our goal was to advance conceptual clarity, synthesize the literature, and identify priorities for future research. Four specific questions guided the review process: (1) How is solastalgia conceptualized and applied in the literature?; (2) How is solastalgia experienced and measured in the literature?; (3) How is 'place' understood in the solastalgia literature?; and (4) Does the current body of literature on solastalgia engage with Indigenous worldviews and experiences? Overall, we find there is a need for additional research employing diverse methodologies, across a greater diversity of people and places, and conducted in collaboration with affected populations and potential knowledge, alongside greater attention to the practical implications and applications of solastalgia research. We also call for continued efforts to advance conceptual clarity and theoretical foundations. Key outcomes of this study include our use of the landscape construct in relation to solastalgia and a call to better understand Indigenous peoples' lived experiences of landscape transformation and degradation in the context of historical traumas.
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| 39. |
- Harder, Robin, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Reframing human excreta management as part of food and farming systems
- 2020
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Ingår i: Water Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; 175
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recognition of human excreta as a resource, rather than as waste, has led to the emergence of a range of new and innovative nutrient recovery solutions. Nevertheless, the management of human excreta remains largely rooted in current sanitation and wastewater management approaches, which often makes nutrient recovery an add-on to existing infrastructures. In this paper, we argue that framing human excreta management as a resource recovery challenge within waste management obscures important trade-offs. We explore the factors that would be brought to the fore by reframing human excreta management as part of food and farming systems. We find that such a reframing would accentuate (at least) six aspects of critical importance that are currently largely overlooked. Recognizing that the proposed framing may also have its limitations, we argue that it has the potential to better guide human excreta management towards long-term global food, soil, and nutrient security while reducing the risk of compromising other priorities related to human and environmental health.
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| 40. |
- Häggmark Svensson, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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The Impact of Water Quality Management Policies on Innovation in Nitrogen and Phosphorus Technology
- 2021
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Ingår i: Water Economics and Policy. - : World Scientific. - 2382-624X .- 2382-6258. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to examine the effects on innovation of environmental regulations aimed at reducing eutrophication. We focus on innovations in nitrogen and phosphorus management technology in the wastewater treatment sector and the agricultural sector. Patent data from Sweden over a 50-year period is used as a measure of innovation. We estimate a negative binomial regression model in a reduced form and by the use of control-functions, taking into account environmental regulation as well as more general determinants of innovation. Our results suggest that increased regulation has induced innovation in the wastewater treatment sector, both in the long and short run. The short-run effect was estimated to 40-70% in the years immediately following the introduction of new environmental regulations. A corresponding effect could not be identified in the agricultural sector. The difference between the sectors is likely explained by differences in policy design, where performance standards are applied in the wastewater sector, while design standards and technology-specific subsidies dominate in the agricultural sector.
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| 41. |
- Keune, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Defining Nature
- 2022
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Ingår i: Visseren-Hamakers, I., & Kok, M. (Eds.). (2022). Transforming Biodiversity Governance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Transforming biodiversity governance. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 9781108856348 ; , s. 25-42
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 42. |
- Kumblad, Linda, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Include nutrient load from horse farms in eutrophication work
- 2024
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Horse farms can cause significant leaching of nitrogen and phosphorus and thus contribute to eutrophication.The nutrient load from equine activities should be better taken into account in national calculations and work on eutrophication, so that measures can be taken to reduce it.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Rafiee, Hamed, et al.
(författare)
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A Cluster Analysis on the Energy Use Indicators and Carbon Footprint of Irrigated Wheat Cropping Systems
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 14:7, s. 4014-4014
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study is to analyze the energy use efficiency and carbon footprint of irrigated wheat systems in different Iranian provinces. The authors resort to the k-means clustering technique to fulfil the said objective. The empirical results reveal that the average total input energy (59.5 GJ ha−1) is higher than the average energy output (45.82 GJ ha−1) from wheat production, resulting in an average energy efficiency of 0.77, thus rendering the production of irrigated wheat in Iran energy-inefficient on average. Among the thirty wheat-producing Iranian provinces considered in this analysis, only six—East Azerbaijan, Golestan, Ardabil, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Alborz, and West Azerbaijan—register an energy use efficiency greater than unity. The average total of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from irrigated wheat is 2243.54 kg CO2-eq ha−1 (with electricity and diesel fuel contributing 52.4% and 29.4%, respectively). The authors categorize the clusters into five groups ranging from sustainable to unsustainable. Five of the six provinces referred to earlier fall into the ‘sustainable’ category, with Bushehr being the sixth. The wheat production units in the ‘sustainable’ category can serve as a benchmark for the clusters in the other categories, which can move up the ladder of sustainability. The authors also recommend measures that policymakers can undertake to ensure the sustainable development of wheat production in Iran, fulfilling the social imperative of food self-sufficiency while truncating the environmental footprint and ensuring economic feasibility.
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| 45. |
- Sircar, Srilata, et al.
(författare)
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Gender issues in contemporary research on agriculture for food security - Knowledge gaps and key issues across the AgriFoSe2030 themes
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Agriculture in low- and middle-income countries faces considerable challenges, ranging from increased food demand to climate change impacts, with rapidly evolving scope and complexity. At the same time, the opportunities to address these challenges are significant, which brings optimism that effortsin agricultural research can succeed. One major barrier, however, threatens to inhibit the impacts of agricultural research: the low level of gender equity in low- and middle-income countries. This is problematic on many levels and across entire crop and livestock value chains, all the way to landscape management.
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| 46. |
- Abu Hatab, Assem, et al.
(författare)
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Perceptions of the impacts of urban sprawl among urban and peri-urban dwellers of Hyderabad, India : a Latent class clustering analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environment, Development and Sustainability. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1387-585X .- 1573-2975. ; 24:11, s. 12787-12812
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Like many other developing countries, urban sprawl is a growing phenomenon in India, which poses socio-economic and environmental challenges that worryingly affect urban sustainability. In this study, a latent class clustering approach was used to investigate perceptions of urban sprawl among 622 urban and peri-urban dwellers in Hyderabad. The empirical results clustered the respondents into three distinct classes based on their perceptions of urban sprawl impacts: ‘undecided respondents’, ‘negative perceivers’, and ‘opportunity perceivers’. The majority of respondents were undecided with no strong views towards the impacts of urban sprawl, which may increase their vulnerability and hinder effective adaptation to the adverse economic, social and environmental effects of urban sprawl. This also provokes concerns about the effectiveness of government interventions to build public awareness of urban development and its impacts on the city. With regard to the role of demographic and socio-economic characteristics in shaping the perception of the respondents, the results revealed that social caste plays a determining role in forming dwellers’ perception. In particular, members of marginalised social castes were more likely to form positive perceptions of the impacts of urban sprawl as urban expansion generates better and stable income that improve their social status. In addition, individuals with higher levels of education were more likely to form negative or positive perceptions, implying that efforts to raise social capital could be a useful means for mitigating the impacts of urban sprawl. Finally, membership in community development organisations was a key factor in dictating membership of the negative perceivers’ class. Overall, our findings suggest that an appropriate policy framework and specific programmes are needed for enhancing dwellers’ perception towards the impacts of urban sprawl, which can enhance the design, acceptance, and implementation of a more sustainable governance of urbanisation and contribute to achieving urban sustainability in developing countries.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Collentine, Dennis, et al.
(författare)
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Consequences of future nutrient load scenarios on multiple benefits of agricultural production
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nutrient load rates to the Baltic Sea need to be reduced. Agricultural land is regarded as the most significant contributor to the loads, and measures to reduce losses of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loads have been proposed, both for the near and far future. Agricultural production was to a large extent considered in these scenarios, whereas effects on other ecosystem services were not evaluated. The question to be answered by this report is whether the measures adopted to reduce N and P losses improve or impair multiple benefits of agriculture. The question is answered for a specific catchment (Svärtaån) located in Sweden, but the method is thoroughly described to provide a potential method to also evaluate other catchments. This work was performed as a part of the Baltic Compass project (2013). The answer to the main question of whether the measures adopted to reduce N and P losses from agricultural fields improved or impaired multiple benefits of agriculture, seems to be that they improved. Most of the BAP measures had a positive influence on most of the MB-categories, the clearest exception being liming in tile drains which only improved the cost effectiveness. Except for water protection, the biosecurity MB-category was positively influenced by the most measures (6 out of 9) and with soil quality the next highest (5 out of 9). It is less clear how the absolute values evaluated for the MB index, can be compared among MB-categories. Among the BAP-measures, structural liming was the most positive measure (summing up the indices of all MB-categories), followed by buffer-zones and spring cultivation the next, although the cost effectiveness of these latter measures was evaluated to decrease. In the “unavoidable” future (Future scenarios) GHG emissions strongly increased. The only measure that mitigated that effect was reduced N fertilisation, providing more arguments for applying reduced fertilisation than only to reduce leaching.
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| 49. |
- Goffetti, Giulia, et al.
(författare)
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On the introduction of a community resilience framework to Social Life Cycle Assessment
- 2020
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Ingår i: Collection FruiTrop thema Social LCA. - 2426-9654. ; 5, s. 172-174
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- SLCA according to the UNEP/SETAC guidelines attempt to measure the social impacts of a product or policy with human well-being as endpoint indicator. However, the methodological sheets do not provide clear and unambiguous definition of what human well-being is and are lacking with regard to a weak capacity to identify reliable indicators to include in both Type I and Type 2 impact assessment. The aim of this article is to explore the chance to introduce ‘community resilience’ (e.g. Magis 2013) as new topic for assessment in the SLCA, compared to human well-being (Soltanpour et al., 2019). The concept of community resilience is investigated via literature to understand how it can be related to ‘human well-being’ expressed in the guidelines and how it can be operationalized for impact assessment. Results will show the possibility of community resilience assessment in SLCA for both Type I and Type 2 assessment.
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| 50. |
- Granvik, Madeleine
(författare)
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The Localisation of Food Systems - An Emerging Issue for Swedish Municipal Authorities.
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Planning Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1356-3475 .- 1469-9265. ; 17, s. 113-124.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses planning from a localization perspective in relation to food production and consumption in Swedish local authorities. A national interview study was conducted where 75% (218) of Swedish municipalities participated. Four issues relating to locally produced food provided the focus of the study, namely, policy, procurement procedures, communication efforts directed at producers and logistics. Local-level planning documents such as comprehensive plans, climate strategies and programmes for sustainable development were studied to explore the extent to which issues of local food were included as a factor in municipal planning.
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