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1.	Dalin, Göran, et al. (författare) Från Veterinärinrättningen till Fakulteten för veterinärmedicin och husdjursvetenskap 2010 Ingår i: Veterinär - yrke i förvandling. - 9789163374425 ; , s. 111-159 Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
2.	Östensson, Karin (författare) Från manligt till kvinnligt 2010 Ingår i: Veterinär - yrke i förvandling. - 9789163374425 ; , s. 83-110 Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
3.	Östensson, Karin (författare) Sveriges Veterinärförbund 150 år 2010 Ingår i: Veterinär - yrke i förvandling. - 9789163374425 ; , s. 8-67 Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
4.	Vågsholm, Ivar (författare) Challenges and opportunities in the implementation of new meat inspection systems in Europe 2021 Ingår i: Trends in Food Science and Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-2244. ; 116, s. 460-467 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Background: The traditional meat inspection system is often found to be inefficient. Meat inspection in European countries is in a phase of modernisation to reflect improvements in livestock health and advances in understanding meat safety. The key point of progress is to replace the traditional meat inspection with risk-based meat inspection, including the elements of a meat safety assurance system (MSAS). Scope and approach: Modernisation of meat inspection was launched by the European Food Safety Authority's (EFSA) opinions and recommendations in the period 2011-2013 and consequent amendments to the EU meat inspection legislation in the period 2014-2019. For this study, the EU-funded RIBMINS COST Action conducted a comprehensive survey using an in-depth questionnaire to estimate the level of implementation of new risk-based meat inspection systems in Europe, stakeholders' confidence in the new systems and the main identified obstacles. Key findings and conclusions: The implementation of new meat inspection systems is still ongoing, as they have been fully implemented in just 61%, 42% and 38% of the surveyed countries in the pig, bovine, and poultry sectors, respectively. The main identified obstacles are existing trade agreements with 3rd countries, costs of implementation, inadequate food chain information and resistance from meat inspectors. Improvement of all components of the current meat inspection systems is a prerequisite for further modernisation.
5.	Berg, Lotta, et al. (författare) Scientific Opinion on the assessment of studies on the use of carbon dioxide for stunning rabbits 2015 Ingår i: EFSA Journal. - : Wiley. - 1831-4732. ; 13 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW Panel) was asked by the European Commission to deliver a scientific opinion on two studies concerned with the use of carbon dioxide for stunning rabbits. The European Commission had received from the Spanish authorities a report of a study entitled ‘Carbon dioxide stunning of rabbits' and another study entitled ‘Stunning of rabbits with carbon dioxide', provided as a complement to the first study. The latter was undertaken in a commercial abattoir where a commercial carbon dioxide stunner was installed. The results of electrocardiography and animal-based measures (nasal discomfort and vocalisation) produced in the experimental slaughterhouse study clearly indicated that the rabbits were subjected to pain and suffering prior to the loss of consciousness. The data presented do not describe stable, controlled or repeatable experimental conditions. The statistical tests used to analyse the data were not appropriate. The study in the commercial abattoir was not based on sound scientific conclusions resulting from the experimental slaughterhouse study. For all of these reasons, the submitted studies did not meet the minimum criteria for eligibility in the EFSA guidance on the assessment criteria for studies evaluating the effectiveness of stunning interventions. Therefore, they were not further assessed.
6.	Berg, Lotta, et al. (författare) Scientific Opinion on the scientific assessment of studies on electrical parameters for stunning of small ruminants (ovine and caprine species) 2015 Ingår i: EFSA Journal. - : Wiley. - 1831-4732. ; 13 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW Panel) was asked by the European Commission to deliver a scientific opinion on three studies evaluating electrical parameters for the stunning of lambs and kid goats. The Commission received the studies from the Spanish authorities. One study was in the form of a manuscript entitled ‘Electrical stunning effectiveness with current levels lower than 1 A in lambs and kid goats'. The second study consisted of a summary in English entitled ‘Effect of the electrical stunning with inferior intensities of current to 1 Ampere on the carcass quality in Pascuales lambs', and the third study consisted of a summary in English entitled ‘Effect of electrical stunning with inferior intensities to 1 Ampere on the induction to the unconsciousness in lambs'. Reported outcomes for different animal categories were inconsistent and contradictory, indicating a need to validate if the stunning equipment delivered the intended current levels to the animals. The head-only stunning and slaughter intervention failed to achieve and/or maintain unconsciousness during bleeding and the head-to-body stunning and slaughter intervention failed to achieve cardiac ventricular fibrillation in all of the animals, as evidenced by the presence of corneal reflex and rhythmic breathing. No evidence of absence of pain and suffering is presented in the studies. The submitted studies are not considered adequate for a full welfare assessment of the alternative stunning method because they do not fulfil the eligibility criteria and the reporting quality criteria defined in the EFSA guidance on the assessment criteria for studies evaluating the effectiveness of stunning interventions or the EFSA opinion on monitoring welfare at slaughter of small ruminants.
7.	Blomström, Anne-Lie (författare) Non-Structural Proteins of Arthropod-Borne Bunyaviruses: Roles and Functions 2013 Ingår i: Viruses. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4915. ; 5, s. 2447-2468 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Viruses within the Bunyaviridae family are tri-segmented, negative-stranded RNA viruses. The family includes several emerging and re-emerging viruses of humans, animals and plants, such as Rift Valley fever virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, La Crosse virus, Schmallenberg virus and tomato spotted wilt virus. Many bunyaviruses are arthropod-borne, so-called arboviruses. Depending on the genus, bunyaviruses encode, in addition to the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and the different structural proteins, one or several non-structural proteins. These non-structural proteins are not always essential for virus growth and replication but can play an important role in viral pathogenesis through their interaction with the host innate immune system. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge and understanding of insect-borne bunyavirus non-structural protein function(s) in vertebrate, plant and arthropod.
8.	Båge, Renee (författare) Freemartinism in cattle 2012 Ingår i: Ruminants: Anatomy, behavior and diseases. - 9781620810644 ; , s. 99-120 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Freemartinism is one of the most commonly found intersex conditions in cattle, although it may also occur in small ruminants. The freemartin phenotype appears in a dizygotic twin pregnancy where one twin is a male and the other is a female. Due to precocious anastomoses between the placental vascular systems of the two fetuses, masculinising molecules reach the female twin and disrupt the normal sexual differentiation, whilst in the male the effects of this association are usually minimal. In cattle, this condition is observed in 90 to 97% of twin pregnancies. A freemartin is, by definition, a genetically female fetus masculinised in the presence of a male co-twin, giving rise to a sterile heifer. Genital tract defects with varying severity can be observed in freemartin animals, which often present suppression and disorganization of the ovary, originating a rudimentary or a testis-like gonad depleted of germ cells. The uterine horns may be hypoplastic or instead may be reduced to a cord-like structure suspended in the broad ligament. Anatomic continuity between the uterus and the vagina is frequently absent, and the existence of rudimentary vesicular glands is typical. The external genitalia commonly presents enlarged clitoris, small vulva and a prominent, male-like tuft of hair. As a rule, heifers born twin to a bull have to be considered sterile and should be identified as early as possible to cull them from replacement stock. Despite its limitations, freemartinism is currently diagnosed by physical examination, as karyotyping or blood typing is often considered an unnecessary expense. In cattle, twinning trend has a genetic background that has been associated to hormonal regulation in favor of double ovulations. However, the genetic determinant on the basis of twinning seems to have small importance when compared to environmental or management-associated factors, particularly in dairy cows. In fact, in dairy animals, in particular in high milk producing cows, it has long been proven that the increase of twin calvings occurs due to the hormonal and metabolic disturbances in the energy balance early in the post-partum period. With increased incidence of twin births in cow it is reasonably expectable a small increase in the occurrence of freemartins at the farm levels. In this paper it is the intent to describe the gross and histopathological findings of freemartinism in cattle, using data gathered from a study at an abattoir (17 cases) and from 3 cases diagnosed in living animals, supported by a review of the pathophysiology of the process, and to discuss the available methods for identification of freemartin animals at farm level.
9.	Falkenö, Ulrika, et al. (författare) What is your diagnosis? Urine sediment changes in a dog with hemorrhagic shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation after pyometra surgery 2014 Ingår i: Veterinary Clinical Pathology. - : Wiley. - 0275-6382 .- 1939-165X. ; 43, s. 463-464 Annan publikation (refereegranskat)
10.	Ferrari, Desiree, et al. (författare) Concentration of carprofen in the milk of lactating bitches after cesarean section and during inflammatory conditions 2022 Ingår i: Theriogenology. - : Elsevier. - 0093-691X .- 1879-3231. ; 181, s. 59-68 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Pain treatment of lactating bitches is a clinically relevant, but complicated issue. Published scientific studies regarding the excretion of drugs in canine milk are scarce. When considering the risk of side effects in their offspring, lactating bitches have traditionally received very restricted analgesic and anti-inflammatory therapy. Our aim was to quantify the concentrations of carprofen in milk from lactating bitches and relate those to potential risks for the puppies. A second aim was to evaluate the impact mastitis may have on the concentration of carprofen in milk. A population of 100 bitches was enrolled in the study, among which 88 were bitches treated with carprofen after cesarean section (Group CS), eight were bitches with painful inflammatory conditions (Group I) and four were bitches with mastitis (Group M). The patients enrolled in the study received carprofen 4 mg/kg sc at day 1 followed by 2 mg/kg po every 12 h for the following 2-5 days. Owners were instructed to collect milk once a day for five days. The concentration of carprofen in the milk was quantified with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The data obtained were statistically analyzed as repeated-measures data with a mixed-model approach. Data were used to calculate the theoretical maximum total daily intake of carprofen by the puppies in order to perform a computerized simulation of the plasma concentration of carprofen in the puppies. Follow-up telephone interviews to check the status of the enrolled bitches and their litters occurred at one week and three-six months after treatment with car-profen. The major finding of the study was that the concentration of carprofen in the milk was <700 ng/ mL from bitches undergoing CS or suffering painful conditions other than mastitis. In comparison, administration of 2 mg/kg of carprofen sc or po to adult dogs, results in mean maximal plasma con-centrations of 19480 +/- 5420 ng/mL (mean +/- SD). Moreover, data suggests that inflammation of the mammary gland results in a higher concentration of carprofen in milk (up to 1300 ng/mL). In the computerized simulation, the plasma concentrations of carprofen in puppies in group CS and in group I are one tenth of the concentration in adult dogs receiving carprofen at standard doses. Considering the low excretion into milk, carprofen provides an analgesic alternative to lactating bitches without mastitis.(c) 2022 Published by Elsevier Inc.
11.	Jitpean, Supranee, et al. (författare) Increased concentrations of Serum amyloid A in dogs with sepsis caused by pyometra 2014 Ingår i: BMC Veterinary Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1746-6148. ; 10 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Sepsis is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition and early diagnosis and appropriate treatment is crucial for survival. Pyometra is one of the most common diseases in intact female dogs. The disease often leads to sepsis (systemic inflammatory response syndrome, SIRS, caused by infection). Diagnostic markers for detecting sepsis are gaining increasing interest in veterinary medicine. Acute phase proteins (APPs) such as C-reactive protein (CRP) are useful for detecting systemic inflammation in dogs. Serum amyloid A (SAA) is another major APP in dogs that is not yet as widely used. Albumin is regarded as a negative APP and has earlier been evaluated for prediction of prognosis in septic dogs. The aim of the present study was to determine SAA, CRP and albumin concentrations in dogs with sepsis and pyometra and to evaluate whether these inflammatory markers are associated with length of postoperative hospitalization.Results: Thirty-one surgically treated bitches with pyometra were included, whereof 23 septic (SIRS-positive) and eight non-septic (SIRS-negative). Albumin concentrations were analyzed by routine automated methods. SAA and CRP analyses were performed with previously validated commercially available assays (ELISA and immunoturbidimetric). Mean (+/- SE) serum concentrations of SAA were significantly higher in septic (130.8 +/- 8.0 mg/L) compared to non-septic bitches (88.5 +/- 12.5 mg/L). Using a cut-off value for SAA of 109.07 mg/L (n = 31 bitches), the sensitivity and specificity for detecting sepsis was 74% and 50%, respectively. Serum albumin concentrations were not significantly different in septic compared to non-septic bitches (mean +/- SE, 25 +/- 1 g/L and 26 +/- 1 g/L, respectively). CRP concentrations were also not significantly different in septic (mean +/- SE 225.6 +/- 16.0 mg/L) compared to non-septic bitches (mean +/- SE, 176.0 +/- 27.1 mg/L). None of these inflammatory markers were associated with the outcome as measured by length of hospitalization.Conclusions: SAA concentrations were increased in dogs with sepsis induced by pyometra and may be useful as an adjunctive diagnostic marker for sepsis. To evaluate the full potential of SAA as a marker for sepsis also in other diseases, further studies are warranted.
12.	Johansson Wensman, Jonas, et al. (författare) Markers of Borna disease virus infection in cats with staggering disease 2012 Ingår i: Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. - 1098-612X .- 1532-2750. ; 14, s. 573-582 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Borna disease virus (BDV) is a RNA-virus causing neurological disorders in a wide range of mammals. In cats, BDV infection may cause staggering disease. Presently, staggering disease is a tentative clinical diagnosis, only confirmed at necropsy. In this study, cats with staggering disease were investigated to study markers of BDV infection aiming for improvement of current diagnostics. Nineteen cats fulfilled the inclusion criteria based on neurological signs and pathological findings. In 17/19 cats, BDV infection markers (BDV-specific antibodies and/or BDV-RNA) were found, and antibodies in serum (13/16, 81%) were the most common marker. BDV-RNA was found in 11/19 cats (58%). In a reference population without neurological signs, 4/25 cats were seropositive (16%). The clinical history and neurological signs in combination with presence of BDV infection markers, where serology and rRT-PCR on blood can be helpful tools, improve the diagnostic accuracy in the living cat.
13.	Ley, Charles, et al. (författare) Osteochondral lesions in distal tarsal joints of Icelandic horses reveal strong associations between hyaline and calcified cartilage abnormalities. 2014 Ingår i: eCells and Materials Journal. - 1473-2262. ; 27, s. 213-236 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Osteochondral lesions in the joints of the distal tarsal region of young Icelandic horses provide a natural model for the early stages of osteoarthritis (OA) in low-motion joints. We describe and characterise mineralised and non-mineralised osteochondral lesions in left distal tarsal region joint specimens from twenty-two 30 ±1 month-old Icelandic horses. Combinations of confocal scanning light microscopy, backscattered electron scanning electron microscopy (including, importantly, iodine staining) and three-dimensional microcomputed tomography were used on specimens obtained with guidance from clinical imaging. Lesion-types were described and classified into groups according to morphological features. Their locations in the hyaline articular cartilage (HAC), articular calcified cartilage (ACC), subchondral bone (SCB) and the joint margin tissues were identified and their frequency in the joints recorded. Associations and correlations between lesion-types were investigated for centrodistal joints only. In centrodistal joints the lesion-types HAC chondrocyte loss, HAC fibrillation, HAC central chondrocyte clusters, ACC arrest and ACC advance had significant associations and strong correlations. These lesion-types had moderate to high frequency in centrodistal joints but low frequencies in tarsometatarsal and talocalcaneal-centroquartal joints. Joint margin lesion-types had no significant associations with other lesion-types in the centrodistal joints but high frequency in both the centrodistal and tarsometatarsal joints. The frequency of SCB lesion-types in all joints was low. Hypermineralised infill phase lesion-types were detected. Our results emphasise close associations between HAC and ACC lesions in equine centrodistal joints and the importance of ACC lesions in the development of OA in low-motion compression-loaded equine joints.
14.	Ström Hallenberg, Gunilla, et al. (författare) Antimicrobials in small-scale urban pig farming in a lower middle-income country - arbitrary use and high resistance levels 2018 Ingår i: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2047-2994. ; 7:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract © 2018 The Author(s). Background: Administration of antimicrobials to food-producing animals is regarded as a major contributor to the overall emergence of resistance in bacteria worldwide. However, few data are available on global antimicrobial use and resistance (AMR) in livestock, especially from low- and middle-income countries. Methods: We conducted a structured survey of 91 small-scale pig farms in the urban and peri-urban areas of Phnom Penh, Cambodia, to assess the farmers' knowledge, attitudes and practices related to antimicrobial use in their pig production. Commensal Escherichia coli was isolated from three healthy pigs from each farm (n = 261) and susceptibility testing was performed against 14 antimicrobials, using broth microdilution. Univariable logistic regression and generalized linear mixed models were used to investigate potential associations between farm characteristics, management factors and resistance to different types of antimicrobials. Results: We found a widespread and arbitrary use of antimicrobials, often based on the farmer's own judgment. Around 66% of the farmers reported frequently self-adjusting treatment duration and dosage, and 45% had not heard about the term 'antimicrobial resistance'. The antimicrobials most commonly mentioned or kept by the farmers were amoxicillin, tylosin, gentamicin and colistin. Around 37% used a feed concentrate that contained antimicrobials, while antimicrobials for humans were used as a last-line treatment by 10% of the farmers. Commensal E. coli exhibited high prevalence of resistance to several antimicrobials considered to be of critical importance for human medicine, including ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and colistin, and multidrug-resistance was found in 79% of the samples. Higher prevalence of resistance was observed on farms that administered prophylactic antimicrobials and on farms that treated the entire group or herd in the event of disease. Conclusion: The widespread and arbitrary use of antimicrobials in pig farming in Cambodia is highly worrisome. Overall, farmers had a low awareness of the risks and consequences related to antimicrobial use and AMR. The results presented in this study confirm the hypothesis that non-rational use of antimicrobials results in higher prevalence of AMR and highlight the need for professional animal health systems that involve medically rational use of antimicrobials in emerging economies such as Cambodia.
15.	Windahl, Ulrika, et al. (författare) Carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in dogs–a longitudinal study 2012 Ingår i: BMC Veterinary Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1746-6148. ; 8 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius strains (MRSP) are reported with increasing frequency in bacterial cultures from dogs. The objectives of this study were to determine whether MRSP could be found in dogs several months after a clinically apparent infection and whether the length of carriage varied depending on systemic antimicrobial treatment, diagnosis at time of the first positive MRSP culture and the presence of skin disease or wounds. Thirty-one dogs previously diagnosed with a clinical infection were sampled repeatedly for a minimum of eight months or, with the exception of two dogs, until two consecutive negative results were obtained. Five specified locations were sampled, and the results were evaluated to determine future recommendations concerning sample strategies when screening for MRSP carriage. Information was collected from medical records and questionnaires to evaluate factors that may influence length of carriage.Results: The overall median length of MRSP carriage was 11 months (48 weeks). The presence of wounds and signs of dermatitis did not influence length of carriage. Systemic treatment for three weeks or longer with antimicrobial agents to which the bacterium was resistant was associated with prolonged carriage compared to dogs treated for a shorter period of time. Three of five dogs treated with an antimicrobial to which their MRSP-isolates were susceptible (tetracycline) were found to still be MRSP-positive when sampled after the end of treatment. Wound samples had the highest positive MRSP yield (81%) for the positive sample sites, compared to less than 70% for each of the other four sample sites. Cultures from the nostrils were less likely to detect MRSP carriage relative to the pharynx, perineum, wounds and the corner of the mouth.Conclusions: Dogs can carry MRSP for more than a year after a clinically apparent infection. Systemic antimicrobial treatment of infections with antimicrobial agents to which the MRSP-bacteria are resistant should be avoided when possible in dogs with possible or confirmed MRSP carriage or infection, since it may prolong time of MRSP carriage. Simultaneous sampling of pharynx, perineum, and the corner of the mouth as well as wounds when present is recommended when screening for MRSP. Cultures from nostrils were shown to be less likely to detect MRSP carriage.
16.	Skiöldebrand, Eva, et al. (författare) Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein neoepitope in the synovial fluid of horses with acute lameness: A new biomarker for the early stages of osteoarthritis 2017 Ingår i: Equine Veterinary Journal. - : Wiley. - 0425-1644 .- 2042-3306. ; 49:5, s. 662-667 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BackgroundClinical tools to diagnose the early changes of osteoarthritis (OA) that occur in the articular cartilage are lacking. ObjectivesWe sought to identify and quantify a novel cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) neoepitope in the synovial fluid from the joints of healthy horses and those with different stages of OA. Study designIn vitro quantitative proteomics and assay development with application in synovial fluids samples obtained from biobanks of well-characterised horses. MethodsArticular cartilage explants were incubated with or without interleukin-1 for 25 days. Media were analysed via quantitative proteomics. Synovial fluid was obtained from either normal joints (n = 15) or joints causing lameness (n = 17) or with structural OA lesions (n = 7) and analysed for concentrations of the COMP neoepitope using a custom-developed inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Explants were immunostained with polyclonal antibodies against COMP and the COMP neoepitopes. ResultsSemitryptic COMP peptides were identified and quantified in cell culture media from cartilage explants. A rabbit polyclonal antibody was raised against the neoepitope of the N-terminal portion of one COMP fragment (sequence SGPTHEGVC). An inhibition ELISA was developed to quantify the COMP neoepitope in synovial fluid. The mean concentration of the COMP neoepitope significantly increased in the synovial fluid from the joints responsible for acute lameness compared with normal joints and the joints of chronically lame horses and in joints with chronic structural OA. Immunolabelling for the COMP neoepitope revealed a pericellular staining in the interleukin-1-stimulated explants. Main limitationsThe ELISA is based on polyclonal antisera rather than a monoclonal antibody. ConclusionsThe increase in the COMP neoepitope in the synovial fluid from horses with acute lameness suggests that this neoepitope has the potential to be a unique candidate biomarker for the early molecular changes in articular cartilage associated with OA.
17.	Hellström, Anders, et al. (författare) 8. Aquaculture and Fish Health 2012. - 1 Ingår i: Ecology and Animal Health. - Uppsala : Baltic University Press. - 9789186189129 ; , s. 63-72 Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
18.	Cuevas Romero, Julieta Sandra (författare) Studies of the molecular genetics and epidemiology of porcine rubulavirus infection 2015 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Porcine rubulavirus (PorPV) infection emerged spontaneously in pigs in Mexico in the early 1980s. Since the report of the initial outbreak of the disease, only one full-length genome from a strain isolated in 1984 (PorPV-LPMV/1984) has been sequenced. There is therefore limited information about the genetic variation of this virus. The overall objective of this thesis was to develop molecular techniques to help in the diagnostic field and to investigate in greater detail the full genomes of several isolates, and if possible, gain insights into the persistence, molecular epidemiology and the possible reservoirs of PorPV. In addition, a characterisation of the immune response during acute and persistent infection was included. A real-time RT-PCR was developed for the detection of viral RNA from PorPV in clinical samples using TaqMan technology and primers for the P gene. This assay was highly sensitive (approximately 10 copies per reaction), specific, reproducible and a very useful tool for molecular diagnostics and for enabling studies of various aspects of PorPV throughout this thesis. RT-PCRs based on the NP and P genes were used to study the tissue distribution of the virus. Viral mRNA in the lymph nodes showed that the NP gene was consistently detected in the parotid, submaxilar, cervical and mesenteric nodes and the pancreas. Full-length genomes were sequenced from new isolates obtained from clinical cases of infected swine. The genetic comparison and phylogenetic analysis indicated that three different genetic variants of PorPV had spread in the swine population and that a new generation of circulating virus with a pronounced attenuation has begun to emerge in nature. We also report the isolation of PorPV, or a related virus, from frugivorous, insectivorous, and hematophagous bats. A partial genome sequence analysis showed a 99.97 - 100% amino acid identity to the reference strain isolated from swine. However, larger parts of the genome must be sequenced to ascertain the genetic relationship between these viruses. The study of the immune response during acute and persistent infection revealed enhanced levels of CD8+, CD4+ and CD2+ T-cells in all infected pigs at 10 days PI. CD8+ T-cell subpopulations were signiﬁcantly higher (p<0.05) at 10 and 250 days PI, and CD4+ T-lymphocytes were also signiﬁcant at 250 days PI. In summary, this work developed molecular techniques that can be used to study the pathogenesis and molecular epidemiology of PorPV. The knowledge of the presence of different virus variants in nature, associated with a wildlife reservoir of PorPV can provide greater knowledge regarding the molecular genetic changes and useful data to establish new strategies in the control of this virus in Mexico.
19.	Johansson Wensman, Jonas, et al. (författare) Borna disease virus infection in cats 2014 Ingår i: Veterinary Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-0233 .- 1532-2971. ; 201, s. 142-149 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Bornaviruses are known to cause neurological disorders in a number of animal species. Avian Bornavirus (ABV) causes proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) in birds and Borna disease virus (BDV) causes Borna disease in horses and sheep. BDV also causes staggering disease in cats, characterised by ataxia, behavioural changes and loss of postural reactions. BDV-infection markers in cats have been reported throughout the world. This review summarizes the current knowledge of Borna disease viruses in cats, including etiological agent, clinical signs, pathogenesis, epidemiology and diagnostics, with comparisons to Bornavirus infections in other species.
20.	Johansson Wensman, Jonas (författare) Bornaviruses 2013 Ingår i: Mononegaviruses of Veterinary Importance Vol. I: Pathobiology and Molecular Diagnosis. - UK : CABI. - 9781780641799 ; , s. 1-14 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
21.	Karlsson, Frida (författare) Treponema spp. in porcine skin ulcers : clinical aspects 2014 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract The hypothesis tested in this work is that bacteria of genus Treponema play a main role when shoulder ulcers and ear necrosis occur in an infectious or severe form, and perhaps also in other skin conditions in the pig. Samples were collected from pigs in 19 Swedish herds 2010-2011. The sampled skin lesions included 52 shoulder ulcers, 57 ear necroses, 4 facial necroses and 5 other skin ulcers. Occurrence of spirochetes was detected by phase contrast microscopy, Warthin-Starry silver staining, PCR and Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH). Treponemal diversity was investigated by sequencing of 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region 2 (ISR2) and high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of a part of the 16S rRNA gene. Culturing and characterization of treponemes by biochemical analyses, testing of antimicrobial susceptibility and fingerprinting by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) were carried out. A challenge study was performed to test if Treponema pedis induced skin lesions. Serological response towards TPE0673, a T. pedis protein, was tested with ELISA. Spirochetes were found in all types of skin ulcers and in all herds. The occurrence of Treponema spp. detected by PCR was 52% in shoulder ulcers, 46% in ear necrosis and 9.7% in gingiva. Treponemes were identified in 69% of the shoulder ulcers and in 59% of the ear necroses by FISH. A phylogenetic tree revealed a great variability of treponemes. Three main phylotypes were identified; T. pedis, Treponema parvum and one phylotype without designation. Twelve isolates of T. pedis, T. parvum, and one phylotype most similar to Treponema sp. OMZ 840 were obtained. All except two had unique RAPD fingerprints. Biochemical tests could not differentiate between the isolates and they were generally susceptible to tested antimicrobials. By FISH, treponemes were visualized deep in the ulcers and a predominance of T. pedis was noted, and confirmed by HTS. Challenged pigs did not develop any lesions or IgG response towards the T. pedis protein. Most sows with shoulder ulcers showed a strong, and most cases of ear necrosis a weak IgG response towards TPE0673. In conclusion, Treponema spp. are frequently abundant in ear necroses and shoulder ulcers in pigs. Identical phylotypes and ISR2 sequences from ulcers and gingiva indicate spreading from mouth to ulcer. A broad diversity of phylotypes was revealed, but the predominance of T. pedis suggests specific importance of this species. Our results point towards an important role of treponemes in chronic and severe skin ulcers in pigs.
22.	Riihimäki, Miia, et al. (författare) Viral load of equine herpesviruses 2 and 5 in nasal swabs of actively racing Standardbred trotters: Temporal relationship of shedding to clinical findings and poor performance 2015 Ingår i: Veterinary Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1135 .- 1873-2542. ; 179, s. 142-148 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The equine gamma herpesviruses 2 and 5 (EHV-2 and -5) have frequently been observed in the equine population and until recently presumed low to nonpathogenic. However, recent reports linking presence of equine gamma herpesviruses with clinical signs of mild to severe lung disease, suggest that the role of these viruses in respiratory disease and poor performance syndrome is still unclear. Moreover, baseline data regarding the temporal pattern of shedding of EHV-2 and EHV-5 within stables and within individual actively racing horses have been lacking. In a prospective longitudinal study, we followed elite racing Standardbred trotters at monthly intervals for 13 months, to investigate whether the amount of EHV-2 and EHV-5 shedded in nasal secretions varied over time within and between individual horses. Sixty-six elite horses were investigated by analyzing nasal swabs and serum samples, a health check and evaluation of athletic performance monthly during the study period. Nasal swabs were analyzed with two newly developed qPCR assays for EHV-2 and EHV-5, respectively. Of 663 samples, 197 (30%) were positive for EHV-2 and 492(74%) positive for EHV-5. Furthermore, 176(27%) of the samples were positive for both EHV-2 and EHV-5 simultaneously. There was considerable variation in the amount and frequency of shedding of EHV-2 and EHV-5 within and between individual horses. Viral load varied seasonally, but neither EHV-2 nor EHV-5 viral peaks were associated with clinical respiratory disease and/or poor performance in racing Standardbred trotters. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
23.	Andersson, Maria, et al. (författare) Transport av dräktiga djur, transport av unga djur och åldersbestämning av foster 2023 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract De flesta lantbruksdjur transporteras endast enstaka gånger i livet och har därför sällan möjlighet att vänja sig vid transporter på ett sätt som skulle förebygga stress och bidra till en god transportupplevelse. Att skapa förutsättningar som minimerar påverkan på djuren och underlättar drivning av djuren är därför av stor vikt. Livdjurstransport eller transport till slakt kan vara en mycket stressfylld situation för djur. EFSA har under 2022 publicerat tre olika utlåtanden om transport av nötkreatur, små idisslare och gris. EFSA har i sina utlåtanden identifierat följande relevanta välfärdsrisker: social stress i samband med omgruppering, stress då djuren hanteras av ovarsamma människor eller av människor som de inte är vana vid, stress på grund av värme eller kyla, skador, rörelsestress (orsakat av fordonets rörelser), predationsstress (specifikt hos får som drivs med hund), hunger, törst, respiratoriska problem (specifikt hos nötkreatur), begränsade rörelsemöjligheter, svårigheter att vila och sensorisk överstimulering. Sammantaget kan dessa välfärdsrisker leda till ackumulerad och hög stress, rädsla, smärta, obehag och utmattning hos djuren.Nötkreatur, grisar och får är sociala djur som lätt stressas om de separeras från sin grupp. Att ta hänsyn till deras naturliga flockbeteende genom att t.ex. inte driva djur enskilt utan i grupp (undantag för vuxna handjur som ofta behöver hanteras enskilt) är därför viktigt både före, under och efter transport. Omgrupperingar och social stress riskerar att leda till aggressioner och oönskade beteenden då djuren kan komma att skada sig själva eller varandra.Djurs tidigare erfarenheter av att bli hanterade av människor påverkar deras upplevelse och stressnivå vid hantering i samband med transport. En mer vänlig hantering av djuren tidigt i livet kan underlätta hanteringen i samband med transport. Djurens rädsla utgör en välfärdsrisk, både för djuren själva och för den transportör som ska hantera dem. Utlastningsutrymmen och drivvägar behöver vara väl designade för att få ett bra flöde när djuren lastas respektive lastas av och den som hanterar djuren behöver ha god kunskap om djurens naturliga beteenden.Hunger och törst kan uppstå hos djur under tiden från lastning till transport och urlastning. Risken för att djuren ska uppleva hunger och törst ökar med längre transporttider. Unga djur har ett naturligt tätare födointag vilket man kan behöva ta hänsyn till vid transport genom att erbjuda djuren möjlighet att äta och dricka oftare än äldre djur. I nuläget finns det inga optimala lösningar på hur man ska kunna tillgodose behovet av vatten eller annan utfodring på transport då intaget även påverkas av stress och sociala faktorer utöver vana vid utrustningen.Djurtätheten på transportfordonet är en viktig faktor som påverkar djurens möjligheter att hålla balansen och att kunna ligga ned och vila, men även risken för skador och död. Behovet av att kunna ligga ned under transport ökar med transportens längd och huruvida djuren ligger ned är kopplat till vilket utrymme som ges, där större utrymme leder till att fler djur ligger ned.Sen dräktighet räknas som ett tillstånd då det inte är lämpligt att transportera ett djur eftersom transport under denna period kan leda till negativa konsekvenser för djurets välfärd och risker för avkomman. Dräktighet innebär ökad sårbarhet både fysiskt och fysiologiskt. För dräktiga djur innebär därför den stress som förflyttning, lastning, ny miljö, okända människor, rörlig och ostabil transport, transportfordonets förutsättningar, samt avsaknad av foder och vatten under längre perioder, en större påfrestning med en ökad risk för negativa konsekvenser, än för icke-dräktiga djur. Dräktiga djur har en ökad metabolism och värmeproduktion, framförallt under sen dräktighet, vilket gör dräktiga djur mer känsliga för värmestress än icke-dräktiga djur. Vidare blir fysisk ansträngning jobbigare för det dräktiga djuret beroende både på den ökade tyngden och dess påverkan på rörelseapparaten. Även cirkulationssystemet blir mer ansträngt med en förhöjd hjärtfrekvens som följd. Vid värmestress ökar dessutom andningsfrekvensen påtagligt.Kortisol har en viktig roll i slutet av dräktigheten och för att initiera förlossning. I slutet av dräktigheten stiger kortisolnivåerna i moderdjurets blod till följd av att fostrets kortisolproduktion ökar. Förhöjda kortisolnivåer till följd av stress och fysisk ansträngning i samband med lastning, hantering, omgruppering, transport och nya miljöer kan orsaka abort eller för tidig igångsättning av förlossningen. Flera studier visar att det även finns risker under andra delar av dräktigheten. Transport ökar till exempel risken för embryonala förluster under tidig dräktighet hos gris, framför allt under vecka två till fyra, vilket är en kortisolkänslig period. För nötkreatur finns det risk för embryonala förluster vid transporter under dräktighetens första två månader och studier på får har visat på negativa effekter på lamm och ökad risk för fosterdöd vid förhöjda kortisolnivåer hos tackan. Det finns även en risk för epigenetiska effekter hos fostren vid stress hos moderdjuret, vilka kan komma att påverka avkomman senare i livet.När hondjuren ökar i vikt genom fostertillväxt och ökad volym av fostervätskor, påverkas deras rörlighet och förmåga att hålla balansen vilket kan göra att både lastning och transport försvåras samt innebära en ökad risk för halkskador och fläkningsskador. Eventuella led- och klövproblem kan dessutom förvärras eller försvåra rörelsemöjligheterna, även om uppenbar hälta inte alltid kan ses. Den ökade storleken gör att dräktiga djur kräver större plats under transporten, både för att djuren i sig är större, men också för att de ska kunna parera rörelser och hålla balansen. Dräktiga grisar minskar sin aktivitetsnivå och har större behov av att ligga ned och vila vilket behöver tillgodoses under transport.I slutet av dräktigheten, oklart exakt när, sker en uppmjukning av vävnaderna i bäckenregionen vilket är mer påtagligt för nötkreatur än för små idisslare och suggor. Uppmjukningen kvarstår även en tid efter förlossningen. Uppmjukningen ger försämrad stabilitet vid rörelse, vilket innebär risker vid både lastning och transport. Det är därför viktigt att man tar hänsyn till detta och har god tidsmarginal vid transport av dräktiga eller nyförlösta djur, så att djuren inte riskerar att transporteras under den tid som bäckenet är instabilt.Den vetenskapliga evidensen för EU:s regel om 90 % av den förväntade dräktighetstiden som gräns för transport av dräktiga djur förefaller oklar. Rådet ställer sig bakom konklusionen i EFSA:s utlåtande om transport av nötkreatur, små idisslare och gris, om att vetenskapliga belägg för den exakta nu gällande gränsdragningen saknas, samtidigt som det är tydligt att långt gången dräktighet är en riskfaktor för negativ djurvälfärd under transport. I de aktuella utlåtandena finns dock flera studier citerade som visar på sårbarhet för de dräktiga djuren och deras foster under en period som i många fall är längre än de sista 10 % av dräktighetstiden samt att det finns en ökad sårbarhet även under andra delar av dräktigheten och att både moderdjur och foster kan påverkas negativt av att transporteras.Det finns risk för att den stress som en transport innebär kan leda till att det sent dräktiga djuret aborterar eller att förlossningen sätts igång under eller strax efter transport. Då det således föreligger risker för foster och moderdjur vid transport av dräktiga djur under stora delar av dräktighetsperioden anser Rådet att transport av dräktiga djur (nötkreatur, får och gris) om möjligt bör undvikas.Vid transport av unga kalvar, smågrisar och lamm måste hänsyn tas till flera faktorer, såsom ålder, immunförsvarets utveckling, djurens allmänna hälsostatus, huruvida djuren är avvanda eller inte, social stress, etc. Unga djur är generellt känsligare än vuxna djur, och påverkas än mer av att utsättas för hunger och törst, kalla och varma transporter, och begränsade möjligheter att vila under transport. Under perioden då det passiva immunförsvaret går ned samtidigt som det aktiva immunförsvaret är under uppbyggnad är djuren extra känsliga för infektioner.Hur väl ett ungt djur klarar en transport beror bl.a. på längden på transporten (ju längre transport desto större risk för djurens välfärd), samt djurets ålder och vikt. Tiden mellan två och fyra veckor är en känslig ålder för transport av kalvar. Enligt EFSA bör inte kalvar transporteras tidigare än vid fem veckors ålder och de bör väga minst 50 kg. För lamm rekommenderas att djuren transporteras först efter avvänjning. Vidare behöver hänsyn tas till djurens behov av foder och vatten, så att deras närings- samt vätskebehov tillgodoses. Hänsyn behöver även tas till på vilket sätt de är vana vid att inta foder och vatten, och om djuret hålls på liknande sätt i transporten som de är vana vid, exempelvis i samma grupp eller tillsammans med sin mamma. Det kan vara klokt att utfodra djuren innan transport för att minska risken för hunger under transporten. Vid mjölkgiva till kalv behöver tid ges för digestion innan transport för att minska risken för diarré.Icke avvanda djur upplever en större stress runt transport än avvanda djur (vid transport utan moderdjur) och det är därför bättre att företrädesvis transportera djuren efter avvänjning. Unga djur är heller inte motoriskt färdigutvecklade, vilket kan påverka deras balans under transport samt vid på- och avlastning. Yngre djur ligger ned oc
24.	Anyango, Gladys, et al. (författare) A survey of aflatoxin M1 contamination in raw milk produced in urban and peri-urban areas of Kisumu County, Kenya 2018 Ingår i: Infection Ecology & Epidemiology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2000-8686. ; 8:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract ABSTRACTBackground: Food safety is of increasing global concern, and a OneHealth issue requiring attention of many disciplines. Aflatoxins are toxins produced by fungi and found in foods and feeds, and exposure causes negative health effects in humans and animals. When lactating animals consume aflatoxin B1, the metabolite (AFM1) is transferred to milk.Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed to determine characteristics of smallholder dairy farming in urban and peri-urban areas of Kisumu and quantify AFM1 in milk. Data was collected from 97 randomly selected dairy farms on farming practices, milk production, and awareness about aflatoxins. Collected milk samples were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for AFM1.Results: Average milk produced was 13 liters per day per household and mainly used for household consumption and sold to neighbours. Farmers mainly fed cows on forage and concentrates (62.9%). Levels of AFM1 ranged from below the detection limit to 151 ppt, with a mean of 29.67 p...
25.	Arnemo, Jon (författare) Blyholdige jaktkuler, en helserisiko 2011 Ingår i: Villmarksmesseavisa. ; No vol., s. 24-24 Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
26.	Arnemo, Jon, et al. (författare) Skadeskyting av rovvilt. Begrepsforståelse, kunnskapsstatus og kvantifisering 2012 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
27.	Berg, Lotta, et al. (författare) Patologins viktiga bidrag till djurskyddet 2022 Ingår i: Svensk Veterinärtidning. - 0346-2250. ; 74, s. 18-20 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Patologin kan spela en avgörande roll i samband med djurskyddsärenden. Här berättar Lotta Berg och Elina Åsbjer, som även ingår i Sveriges Veterinärförbunds djurskyddsutskott, om olika aspekter av forensisk veterinärmedicin
28.	Berg, Lotta, et al. (författare) Scientific Opinion on African swine fever 2014 Ingår i: EFSA Journal. - : Wiley. - 1831-4732. ; 12 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The risk for endemicity of ASF in the eastern neighbouring countries of the EU and spread of ASFV to unaffected areas was updated until 31/01/2014. The assessment was based on a literature review and expert knowledge elicitation. The risk that ASF is endemic in Georgia, Armenia and the Russian Federation has increased from moderate to high, particularly due to challenges in outbreak control in the backyard production sector. The risk that ASFV will spread further into unaffected areas from these countries, mainly through movement of contaminated pork, infected pigs or contaminated vehicles, has remained high. In Ukraine and Belarus, the risk for ASF endemicity was considered moderate. Although only few outbreaks have been reported, which have been stamped out, only limited activities are ongoing to facilitate early detection of secondary spread. Further, there is a continuous risk of ASFV re-introduction from the Russian Federation, due to transboundary movements of people, pork or infected wild boar. The number of backyard farms is greatest in the west of Ukraine and westwards spread of ASFV could result in an infected area near the EU border, difficult to control. In Georgia, Armenia and the Russian Federation, the risk for endemicity of ASF in the wild boar population is considered moderate, mainly due to spill-over from the domestic pig population, whereas in Ukraine and Belarus this was considered to be low. In those areas in the Russian Federation where wild boar density is high, this risk may be higher. Intensive hunting pressure in affected wild boar populations may increase the risk for spread, possibly with severe implications across international borders. The risk for different matrices to be infected/contaminated and maintain infectious ASFV at the moment of transportation into the EU was assessed and ranged from very high for frozen meat, to very low for crops.
29.	Berg, Lotta, et al. (författare) Scientific opinion on monitoring procedures at slaughterhouses for bovines 2013 Ingår i: EFSA Journal. - : Wiley. - 1831-4732. ; 11(12) Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This scientific opinion proposes toolboxes of welfare indicators for developing monitoring procedures at slaughterhouses for bovines stunned with penetrative captive bolt or slaughtered without stunning. In particular, the opinion proposes welfare indicators together with their corresponding outcomes of consciousness, unconsciousness or death. In the case of slaughter with captive bolt stunning, the opinion proposes a toolbox of indicators and the outcomes to be used to assess consciousness in bovine animals at three key stages of monitoring: (a) after stunning and during shackling and hoisting; (b) during neck cutting or sticking; and (c) during bleeding. For slaughter of bovines without stunning, a set of indicators and outcomes are proposed in another toolbox to be used for (a) assessing unconsciousness, before releasing bovines from restraint; and (b) confirming death before carcass dressing begins. Various activities-including a systematic literature review, an online survey and stakeholders' and hearing experts' meetings-were conducted to gather information about the specificity, sensitivity and feasibility of the indicators that can be included in the toolboxes. The frequency of checking differs according to the role of each person responsible for ensuring animal welfare. Personnel performing stunning, shackling, hoisting and/or bleeding will have to check all the animals and confirm that they are not conscious following stunning or before release from the restraint. For the animal welfare officer, who has the overall responsibility for animal welfare, a mathematical model for the sampling protocols is proposed, giving some allowance to set the sample size of animals that he/she needs to check at a given throughput rate (total number of animals slaughtered in the slaughterhouse) and tolerance level (number of potential failures). Finally, different risk factors and scenarios are proposed to define a ‘normal' or a ‘reinforced' monitoring protocol, according to the needs of the slaughterhouse.
30.	Berg, Lotta, et al. (författare) Scientific Opinion on the electrical parameters for the stunning of lambs and kid goats 2013 Ingår i: EFSA Journal. - : Wiley. - 1831-4732. ; 11 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The Panel on Animal Health and Welfare was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on two studies performed by IRTA: "Evaluation of the electrical stunning effectiveness in sheep with a current intensity lower than 1 Ampere" and "Evaluation of the electrical stunning effectiveness with electric currents lower than 1 A in lambs and kid goats". To achieve this, the first step was to define the type of study, critical variables, experimental design, data collection and analysis and reporting needed to supply scientific evidence that a given electrical stunning protocol of small ruminants provides a level of animal welfare at least equivalent to that ensured by the use of a minimum current of 1 A. These criteria were then applied to the two IRTA studies. The submitted studies are not adequate for a full welfare assessment of the alternative method studied because they do not fulfil the eligibility criteria and the reporting quality criteria defined in this opinion. The shortcomings of the studies are identified to make clear where improvements are required. To be considered for a full assessment of the welfare implications of the use of minimum currents lower than 1 A for electrical stunning of small ruminants a study must meet the eligibility standards described herein. A full assessment of the welfare implications of the use of minimum currents lower than 1 A for electrical stunning of small ruminants would need to take into account the restraining methods, the pre-stunning, and the stunning phases of the slaughter process and the correlation of the study findings with the results of other scientific evidence.
31.	Berg, Lotta, et al. (författare) Scientific opinion on the use of carbon dioxide for stunning rabbits 2013 Ingår i: EFSA Journal. - : Wiley. - 1831-4732. ; 11, s. 1-33 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The Panel on Animal Health and Welfare was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the use of carbon dioxide for stunning rabbits. Specifically, EFSA was asked to give its view on the findings of the study performed by the Polytechnic University of Valencia (Spain) and the Animal Technology Centre CITA-ITAVIA "Estudio sobre la valoración mediante parámetros técnicos y de manejo del sistema de aturdimiento con gas CO2". As a first step, the type of study, critical variables, experimental design, data collection and analysis and reporting methods needed to supply scientific evidence that the use of CO2 is an acceptable alternative for the stunning of rabbits were defined. These criteria were then applied to the study. The submitted study is not adequate for a full welfare assessment of the alternative method studied because it does not fulfil the eligibility criteria and the reporting quality criteria defined in this opinion. The shortcomings of the study have been highlighted to indicate where improvements are required. To be considered for a full assessment of the welfare implications of the use of high concentrations of CO2 as a stunning method for rabbits, a study must meet the eligibility standards described herein. A full assessment of the welfare implications of the use of high concentrations of CO2 as a stunning method for rabbits would need to take into account the restraining methods, the pre-stunning, and the stunning phases of the slaughter process and the correlation of the study findings with the results of other scientific evidence.
32.	Blanco Penedo, Isabel (författare) Organic beef farming: key characteristics, opportunities, advantages, and challenges. Improving organic animal farming 2019 Ingår i: Improving organic animal farming. - 9781786761804 ; , s. 245-267 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
33.	Breed, Andrew C., et al. (författare) Evidence of endemic Hendra virus infection in flying-foxes (Pteropus conspicillatus) : implications for disease risk management 2011 Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 6, s. e28816- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study investigated the seroepidemiology of Hendra virus in a spectacled flying-fox (Pteropus conspicillatus) population in northern Australia, near the location of an equine and associated human Hendra virus infection in late 2004. The pattern of infection in the population was investigated using a serial cross-sectional serological study over a 25-month period, with blood sampled from 521 individuals over six sampling sessions. Antibody titres to the virus were determined by virus neutralisation test. In contrast to the expected episodic infection pattern, we observed that seroprevalence gradually increased over the two years suggesting infection was endemic in the population over the study period. Our results suggested age, pregnancy and lactation were significant risk factors for a detectable neutralizing antibody response. Antibody titres were significantly higher in females than males, with the highest titres occurring in pregnant animals. Temporal variation in antibody titres suggests that herd immunity to the virus may wax and wane on a seasonal basis. These findings support an endemic infection pattern of henipaviruses in bat populations suggesting their infection dynamics may differ significantly from the acute, self limiting episodic pattern observed with related viruses (e.g. measles virus, phocine distemper virus, rinderpest virus) hence requiring a much smaller critical host population size to sustain the virus. These findings help inform predictive modelling of henipavirus infection in bat populations, and indicate that the life cycle of the reservoir species should be taken into account when developing risk management strategies for henipaviruses.
34.	Cassi, Xavier Fernandez, et al. (författare) Microbial communities and Food safety aspects of crickets (Acheta domestica) reared under controlled conditions 2020 Ingår i: Journal of insects as food and feed. - 2352-4588. ; 6, s. 429-440 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In an approach combining microbiological culture methods with high-throughput sequencing, this study investigated the microbial communities (bacteria, moulds and yeasts) in Swedish-produced edible crickets (Acheta domesticus) reared in a controlled environment. The effects of different feeds on microbial loads and populations in crickets were also studied. The crickets used were third-generation offspring from wild-caught individuals from Sweden, which are adapted to grow in a laboratory environment. The efficiency of rinsing to decrease microbial load was evaluated not obtaining a significant decrease of plating counts for total aerobic counts (TAC) and Enterobacteriaceae. Crickets were divided into three batches and fed different diets (control feed, early-cut red clover hay (ECH), late-cut fresh red clover (LCF)) for 62 days. Bacterial numbers (TAC and Enterobacteriaceae) on whole raw crickets ranged between 7 and 8 log cfu/g. Pre-rinsing in water did not reduce these levels (P=0.19). All batches tested negative for the food-borne bacteria Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus and Clostridium perfringens. The mean mould count for crickets fed control feed was 2.8 log cfu/g, while the values for crickets fed ECH and LCF were 4.2 and 4.5 log cfu/g, respectively. The dominant bacterial communities were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, with Firmicutes and Proteobacteria dominating in crickets fed control feed, Firmicutes dominating in crickets fed LCF and Proteobacteria dominating in crickets fed ECH. Aspergillus flavus, a fungus that is capable of producing mycotoxins, was detected in control feed and ECH reared crickets. More work is needed to identify specific food-borne pathogens in edible crickets and establish possible bacterial quality reference values, as an important step in developing microbial quality and safety parameters to ensure consumer safety.
35.	Chenais, Erika (författare) African swine fever in Uganda : epidemiology and socio-economic impact in the smallholder setting 2017 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract In the last decade millions of people have been able to leave poverty, increasing the regional demand for meat and livestock products. In combination with reforms in market and agricultural policy, this has led to an increase in pig production in sub-Saharan Africa, most notably in Uganda. The growing pig sector could be an important contributor to poverty reduction among smallholder pig keepers. However, the growing pig population has been followed by an increase in African swine fever (ASF) incidence. ASF is a contagious, typically very lethal, haemorrhagic, viral disease of domestic pigs. The overall goal of this doctoral project was to develop the understanding of ASF epidemiology in the smallholder setting in Uganda. Four studies were conducted in two districts in northern Uganda among smallholder farmers, other pig production value-chain actors, and a medium-sized farm. The studies included group- and individual interviews as well as biological and environmental sampling and testing for the virus. Data were analysed using semi-qualitative and quantitative methods. The thesis concluded that ASF was endemic in the study area, and that outbreaks could be detected using retrospective and real-time farmer reports. ASF outbreaks were associated with activities of humans, such as trade in pigs and pig products and free-range management systems. ASF outbreaks had long-term negative social and economic impact for pig production value-chain actors on all investigated levels in the value chain. For smallholder farmers, the impact was aggravated with increasing herd size. Trade and consumption of sick and dead pigs were commonly used as coping strategies. Farm-level biosecurity was insufficient for ASF protection and awareness of control methods did not guarantee their implementation. The continuous ASF transmission in the study area was not driven by lack of knowledge, but rather by cultural circumstances, taboos and poverty. Therefore, in order for control methods to be successfully and sustainably implemented, they need to be developed in participation with the communities, adapted to the local context, socially acceptable, flexible, and cost-effective.
36.	Fries, Ingemar (författare) Microsporidia 2014 Ingår i: Bee health and veterinarians. - 9789290449232 ; , s. 125-129 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract The current mandate of the OIE is to improve animal health, veterinary public health and animal welfare worldwide. The OIE considers bee mortality and bee diseases to be a priority...The publication of this book is, therefore, in line with the OIE mandate and it will provide veterinarians with quick and comprehensive answers on all questions related to honey bees and honey bee keeping.
37.	Halvarsson, Peter, et al. (författare) Gastrointestinal parasite community structure in horses after the introduction of selective anthelmintic treatment strategies 2024 Ingår i: Veterinary Parasitology. - 0304-4017 .- 1873-2550. ; 326 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A relatively new method to study the species richness and diversity of nematode parasites in grazing animals is to perform deep sequencing on composite samples containing a mixture of parasites. In this work, we compared species composition of strongyles in two groups of horses as a function of egg count and age, based on a DNA barcoding approach. Faecal egg counts and larval cultures were obtained from nearly 300 horses, i.e., domestic horses (n = 167) and trotters (n = 130) sampled nationwide. The second internal transcribed spacer region (ITS2) of strongyle nematodes in the larval cultures was first amplified using barcoded universal primers and then sequenced on the PacBio platform. Subsequently, bioinformatic sequence analysis was performed using SCATA to assign operational taxonomic units (OTU). Finally, species occurrence and composition were assessed using R. ITS2 sequences were found in the majority (89%) of larval samples. Sequencing yielded an average of 140 (26 to 503) reads per sample. The OTUs were assigned to 28 different taxa, of which all but three could be identified as species. The average relative abundance of the seven most abundant species (all Cyathostominae) accounted for 87% of the combined data set. The three species with the highest prevalence in both horse groups were Cyathostomum catinatum, Cylicocyclus nassatus and Cylicostephanus calicatus, and they were frequently found in different combinations with other species regardless of horse group. Interestingly, this result is largely consistent with a previous Swedish study based on morphological analysis of adult worms. In addition, two migratory strongylids (Strongylus vulgaris and S. edentatus) occurred in few domestic horses and trotters. Except for C. minutus and C. nassatus, which decreased with age, and C. catinatum and S. vulgaris, which increased, no specific trends were observed with respect to horse age. Taken together, these results are broadly consistent with data obtained before the introduction of selective targeted treatment in Sweden in 2007. All in all, our results suggest that this treatment strategy has not led to a significant change in strongyle nematode community structure in Swedish horses. The study also confirms that nemabiome analysis in combination with diversity index analysis is an objective method to study strongyle communities in horses.
38.	Höjgård, Sören, et al. (författare) Willingness to pay for compulsory deworming of pets entering Sweden to prevent introduction of Echinoccoccus multilocularis 2012 Ingår i: Preventive Veterinary Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5877 .- 1873-1716. ; 106:1, s. 9-23 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract To investigate if the Swedish entry rules for pets to prevent the introduction of Echinococcus multilocularis (EM) are proportional (i.e. that their costs do not exceed the value of their benefits), a dichotomous-choice contingent valuation study was conducted. The study was performed before the first case of EM was detected in Sweden in February 2011. About 5000, randomly selected, Swedish citizens were invited to participate and 2192 of them (44%) accepted to do so. Missing information on whether or not one would accept to pay for keeping the rules for 143 respondents resulted in 2049 observations (41%) available for the estimation of willingness to pay (WTP), and missing information on personal characteristics for another 274 respondents reduced the number of observations available for sensitivity analysis to 1775(36%). Annual expected WTP for keeping the rules ranged between (sic) 54.3 and (sic) 99.0 depending on assumptions about compensations demanded by respondents not willing to pay. The estimates are conservative since only answers from respondents that were absolutely certain they would pay the suggested bid were regarded as yes-responses. That WTP is positive implies that Swedish citizens perceived the benefits of the rules to be larger than their costs. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
39.	Johansson, Karl-Erik (författare) VetBact - culturing bacteriological knowledge for veterinarians 2014 Ingår i: Veterinary Record. - : Wiley. - 0042-4900 .- 2042-7670. ; 174, s. 162-164 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract In 2004, Karl-Erik Johansson, then professor of veterinary bacteriology at the veterinary school at Uppsala in Sweden, was asked by his students for a list of the most important bacteria and the diseases that they cause. So began the development of VetBact, an online database giving details of the bacterial species with most relevance to veterinary medicine. The non-commercial database, www.vetbact.org, has since grown and can now be accessed by veterinarians and others worldwide.
40.	Johansson Wensman, Jonas, et al. (författare) The X proteins of bornaviruses interfere with type I interferon signalling 2013 Ingår i: Journal of General Virology. - : Microbiology Society. - 0022-1317 .- 1465-2099. ; 94, s. 263-269 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Borna disease virus (BDV) is a neurotropic, negative-stranded RNA virus causing persistent infection and progressive neurological disorders in a wide range of warm-blooded animals. The role of the small non-structural X protein in viral pathogenesis is not completely understood. Here we investigated whether the X protein of BDV and avian bornavirus (ABV) interferes with the type I interferon (IFN) system, similar to other non-structural proteins of negative-stranded RNA viruses. In luciferase reporter assays, we found that the X protein of various bornaviruses interfered with the type I IFN system at all checkpoints investigated, in contrast to previously reported findings, resulting in reduced type I IFN secretion.
41.	Kautto, Arja, et al. (författare) Can we use meat inspection data for animal health and welfare surveillance? 2023 Ingår i: Frontiers in Veterinary Science. - 2297-1769. ; 10 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Ante- and post-mortem inspections at abattoir were originally introduced to provide assurance that animal carcasses were fit for human consumption. However, findings at meat inspection can also represent a valuable source of information for animal health and welfare surveillance. Yet, before making secondary use of meat inspection data, it is important to assess that the same post-mortem findings get registered in a consistent way among official meat inspectors across abattoirs, so that the results are as much independent as possible from the abattoir where the inspection is performed. The most frequent findings at official meat inspections of pigs and beef cattle in Sweden were evaluated by means of variance partitioning to quantify the amount of variation in the probabilities of these findings due to abattoir and farm levels. Seven years of data (2012-2018) from 19 abattoirs were included in the study. The results showed that there was a very low variation between abattoirs for presence of liver parasites and abscesses, moderately low variation for pneumonia and greatest variation for injuries and nonspecific findings (e.g., other lesions). This general pattern of variation was similar for both species and implies that some post-mortem findings are consistently detected and so are a valuable source of epidemiological information for surveillance purposes. However, for those findings associated with higher variation, calibration and training activities of meat inspection staff are necessary to enable correct conclusions about the occurrence of pathological findings and for producers to experience an equivalent likelihood of deduction in payment (independent of abattoir).
42.	Lindahl, Susanne, et al. (författare) Tracing outbreaks of Streptococcus equi infection (strangles) in horses using sequence variation in the seM gene and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis 2011 Ingår i: Veterinary Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1135 .- 1873-2542. ; 153, s. 144-149 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Strangles is a serious respiratory disease in horses caused by Streptococcus equi subspecies equi (S. equi). Transmission of the disease occurs by direct contact with an infected horse or contaminated equipment. Genetically, S. equi strains are highly homogenous and differentiation of strains has proven difficult. However, the S. equi M-protein SeM contains a variable N-terminal region and has been proposed as a target gene to distinguish between different strains of S. equi and determine the source of an outbreak. In this study, strains of S. equi (n = 60) from 32 strangles outbreaks in Sweden during 1998-2003 and 2008-2009 were genetically characterized by sequencing the SeM protein gene (seM), and by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Swedish strains belonged to 10 different seM types, of which five have not previously been described. Most were identical or highly similar to allele types from strangles outbreaks in the UK. Outbreaks in 2008/2009 sharing the same seM type were associated by geographic location and/or type of usage of the horses (racing stables). Sequencing of the seM gene generally agreed with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles. Our data suggest that seM sequencing as a epidemiological tool is supported by the agreement between seM and PFGE and that sequencing of the SeM protein gene is more sensitive than PFGE in discriminating strains of S. equi. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
43.	Novobilsky, Adam, et al. (författare) First report of closantel treatment failure against Fasciola hepatica in cattle 2015 Ingår i: International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-3207. ; 5, s. 172-177 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Control of Fasciola hepatica infection in livestock is based on annual treatment using flukicides such as triclabendazole, albendazole and closantel. However, triclabendazole resistant F. hepatica populations are emerging worldwide and resistance is emerging to albendazole, whereas it has until now never been described for closantel. In Sweden, a topical formulation containing a combination of closantel and ivermectin (Closamectin Pour On) has been registered for use in cattle only since 2011. This study evaluated the efficacy of closantel against F. hepatica in naturally infected beef cattle using both coproantigen and faecal egg count reduction tests.Faecal egg counts (FEC) and coproantigen ELISA examinations were conducted in February 2014 in three beef cattle herds (A, B, C) in south-western Sweden. On each farm, 10 F. hepatica coproantigen-positive and F. hepatica egg-positive animals were allocated after 12-16 weeks of housing into groups and treated topically with a minimum of 20 mg closantel per kg body weight. Faecal samples were collected from selected animals on 0, 7 and 21 day post-treatment (PT).Based on FEC, closantel efficacy 21 days PT was 72% (95% CI: 65-77%) and 97% (95% CI: 95-98%) on farms A and B, respectively. No FEC reduction at all was observed on farm C. In total, 4, 1 and 6 animals remained coproantigen-positive at 21 days PT on farms A, B and C, respectively.Closantel treatment failure was confirmed on two of the farms. As the animals were housed 12 -16 weeks before treatment and thereafter during the entire study, failure due to the presence of juvenile flukes was excluded. Although the cause of closantel failure currently remains unclear, development of resistance or/and absorption failure of topical administration should be considered. To our knowledge, this is the first report of closantel treatment failure against F. hepatica in cattle. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Australian Society for Parasitology.
44.	Skarin, Hanna (författare) Investigations into an Outbreak of Botulism Caused by Clostridium botulinum Type C/D in Laying Hens 2015 Ingår i: Avian Diseases. - 0005-2086. ; 59, s. 335-340 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This case report describes a recent botulism outbreak in commercial laying hens with a history of increased mortality and flaccid paralysis. Routine diagnostic gross examination and microscopy from seven hens were inconclusive, but botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) in peripheral blood was neutralized with both type C and type D antitoxins in the mouse bioassay. During a farm visit, 10 additional hens from a 34-wk-old flock on the farm were selected for clinical examination and further sampling. Nine hens were observed in sternal recumbency, with flaccid paralysis of the neck, drooping wings and tail, inability to escape, and bilateral ptosis, and one hen showed nonspecific clinical signs. Samples from cecum and liver were collected, and the gene coding for BoNT was detected by PCR in all 10 cecal samples and in four of the liver samples. Clostridium botulinum mosaic type C/D was isolated from 5 out of 10 hens from either cecum or liver, and the isolates were subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis subtyping. All five isolates produced the same banding pattern, which was identical or showed >90% similarity to isolates from three different outbreaks on broiler farms in Sweden and Denmark during the 2007-10 period. However, they were clearly distinguishable from the predominantly reported pulsotype associated with avian botulism outbreaks in Europe. The authors are unaware of any previous report of C. botulinum mosaic type C/D isolates from laying hens.
45.	Spörndly-Nees, Ellinor (författare) Male reproductive health in environmental research : aspects of histological evaluation of testicular tissue 2018 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract There is increasing concern that chemicals in the environment are causing male reproductive disorders in animals and humans. This thesis investigated different aspects of histological evaluation of testes, as a tool to measure effects of environmental chemicals on male reproductive health in wild and laboratory animals. When collecting samples from wild animals, unpredictable conditions can result in poor fixation of tissues and robust endpoints are therefore important. In mink, testis length and weight, area and diameter of seminiferous tubules and acrosome marked with Gata-4 were found to be the most reliable measurements after delayed pre-fixation time. Knowledge of the normal morphology and seasonality of testes is crucial when evaluating male reproduction. Staging of the seminiferous tubules in mink and polar bear is described in this thesis. A computerised image analysis method, including semi-automatic delineation of seminiferous tubules, was developed to objectify and improve measurements of testicular tissue. The method was used to measure the area and diameter of tubules in polar bear, rat and mink. Gata-4 was used as the key component in developing a novel morphology-based approach for evaluating testicular development in pubertal laboratory rats. In controlled settings, effects of a single chemical, bisphenol A (BPA), was investigated in Fisher rats. No major effects on male reproduction in midpubertal or adult rats were seen, apart from higher prevalence of mild inflammatory cell infiltrate in cauda epididymis in adult rats exposed to 50 µg BPA/kg bw/day in utero and during lactation. In polar bears, testes histology and organ measurements enabled identification of reproductive status, independent of season and age. Reproductive organ measurements were found to differ with reproductive status, stressing the importance of considering this factor when evaluating effects of chemicals in polar bear. Inverse correlations between testes and baculum measurements and oxychlordane concentrations indicated that this chemical may cause reproductive disruption in East Greenland polar bears. Another sign of disturbed reproduction was disorganisation of germ cells in testis, seen in half of all polar bears with active sperm production, but no correlations to target chemicals were detected. In conclusion, the factors season, reproductive status and handling of tissues prior to fixation must be taken into consideration when evaluating testis histology and organ weight, in order to obtain accurate results and draw correct conclusions. Computerised image analysis proved to be a useful objective tool when evaluating testis histology in polar bear, mink and rat.
46.	Tvedten, Harold (författare) Classification of Canine Malignant Lymphomas According to the World Health Organization Criteria 2011 Ingår i: Veterinary Pathology. - : SAGE Publications. - 0300-9858 .- 1544-2217. ; 48, s. 198-211 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A study was carried out to test the accuracy and consistency of veterinary pathologists, not specialists in hematopathology, in applying the World Health Organization (WHO) system of classification of canine lymphomas. This study represents an initiative of the ACVP Oncology Committee, and the classification has been endorsed by the World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WASVA). Tissue biopsies from cases of canine lymphoma were received from veterinary oncologists, and a study by pathologists given only signalment was carried out on 300 cases. Twenty pathologists reviewed these 300 cases with each required to choose a diagnosis from a list of 43 B and T cell lymphomas. Three of the 20 were hematopathologists who determined the consensus diagnosis for each case. The 17 who formed the test group were experienced but not specialists in hematopathology, and most were diplomates of the American or European Colleges of Veterinary Pathology. The overall accuracy of the 17 pathologists on the 300 cases was 83%. When the analysis was limited to the 6 most common diagnoses, containing 80% of all cases, accuracy rose to 87%. In a test of reproducibility enabled by reintroducing 5% of cases entered under a different identity, the overall agreement between the first and second diagnosis ranged from 40 to 87%. The statistical review included 43,000 data points for each of the 20 pathologists.
47.	Tyden, Eva, et al. (författare) Population genetics of Parascaris equorum based on DNA fingerprinting 2013 Ingår i: Infection, Genetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1567-1348 .- 1567-7257. ; 13, s. 236-241 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The large roundworm of horses, Parascaris equorum is considered ubiquitous in breeding operations, and is regarded as a most important helminth pathogen of foals. Over the past decade, this parasite has been reported increasingly resistant to anthelmintic drugs worldwide. This paper reports analysis of the population genetic structure of P. equorum. Adult parasites (n = 194) collected from Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Germany, Brazil and the USA were investigated by amplified restriction fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. The genetic variation was low (Hj =0.12-0.4), for the global population of worms. This was accompanied by a weak degree of population structure (Fst = 0.2), low gene flow (Nm = 1.0) and low mutation rate (4 Nm = 0.07). Thus, the low genetic diversity is probably a result of a low mutation rate in DNA, although the gene flow (due to global movement of horses) is large enough to allow the spread of novel mutations. Surprisingly, isolates from Icelandic horses were not found to be different from other isolates, in spite of the fact that these have been isolated for thousands of years. The study indicates that the global P. equorum population is essentially homogenous, and continents do not appear to be strong barriers for the population structure of this species. Consequently, the potential spread of rare anthelmintic resistance genes may be rapid in a homogenous population.
48.	Vågsholm, Ivar (författare) Case studies on food safety control of fresh poultry meat: effective control of Salmonella in Sweden 2016 Ingår i: Achieving sustainable production of poultry meat: safety, quality and sustainability. - 9781786760678 ; :1 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract The starting point was the huge Alvesta outbreak in 1953, which was unprecedented in Sweden, with more than 9000 cases reported. Approximately 4000 persons required hospital care and 90 persons died. The outbreak lasted from June to December 1953, affecting major regions of Sweden. Consequently, several measures were enacted. The Public Health Institute of Sweden created a department of epidemiology to investigate outbreaks; doctors were recommended when seeing patients with diarrhoea to take faecal samples for bacteriological investigations. In 1961, offi cial control of all Salmonella serovars of public health importance on the animal side commenced. Moreover, Salmonella infection in animals became a notifi able disease. One unique feature of the Swedish Salmonella control is the aim to deliver Salmonella - free food to consumers. Therefore, all broilers sent for slaughter should be without Salmonella . This was achieved by the following strategies: (1) preventing contamination of the breeding pyramid (grandparent and parent fl ocks including hatcheries); (2) preventing and eliminating Salmonella contamination in feed given to broiler fl ocks; (3) surveillance of the production chain at critical control points to detect Salmonella contamination; (4) biosecurity on the production site; and (5) whenever Salmonella is found, taking action to remove it from the food chain. The Salmonella control of poultry has been successful, with rare fi ndings of Salmonella in meat and almost no human cases linked to Swedish poultry meat. The baseline studies organized by EFSA (2007 and 2010) found Salmonella in 0% of the broiler fl ocks and 0.3% of the broiler carcasses.
49.	Vågsholm, Ivar (författare) Control, Monitoring and Surveillance of Animal Health and Animal Infectious Diseases at the Slaughterhouse 2014 Ingår i: Meat Inspection and Control in the Slaughterhouse. - : Wiley. - 9781118525869 ; :1, s. 249-276 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Meat inspection, meat hygiene and official control tasks in the slaughterhouse have always been of major importance in the meat industry, and are intimately related with animal diseases and animal welfare. The history of meat inspection has largely been a success story. Huge steps have been taken over more than a century to prevent the transmission of pathogenic organisms and contagious diseases from animals to humans. Various factors influence the quality and safety of meat including public health hazards (zoonotic pathogens, chemical substances and veterinary drugs), animal health and welfare issues during transport and slaughter. Meat inspection is one of the most important programs in improving food safety, and its scope has enlarged considerably over the last decades. Globalization has affected the complexity of the modern meat chain and has provided possibilities for food fraud and unfair competition. During the last two decades many food fraud cases have been reported, which have caused concern among consumers and the industry. Subsequently meat inspection is faced with new challenges. Meat Inspection and Control in the Slaughterhouse is an up-to-date reference book that responds to these changes and reflects the continued importance of meat inspection for the food industry. The contributors to this book are all international experts in the areas of meat inspection and the official controls limited to slaughterhouses, providing a rare insight into the international meat trade. This book will be of importance to students, professionals and members of the research community worldwide who aim to improve standards of meat inspection procedures and food safety.
50.	Vågsholm, Ivar (författare) Lessons from the Excherichia coli O103 outbreak in Norway 2006 2013 Ingår i: Food Associated Pathogens. - 9781466584983 ; , s. 106-111 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)

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