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1.	Proceedings of the International Conference on Mechanical, Electric and Industrial Engineering (MEIE2018) 2018 Editorial proceedings (peer-reviewed)
2.	Okda, Sherif, et al. (author) Testing of the Aerodynamic Characteristics of an Inflatable Airfoil Section 2020 In: Journal of Aerospace Engineering. - 1943-5525 .- 0893-1321. ; 33:5 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Inflatable structures are characterized by being light and easy to manufacture and deploy. Hence, they find many applications in aerospace and aeronautical engineering. In this paper, an inflatable segment with a The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) 0021 airfoil cross-section is designed, fabricated, and tested. The geometrical accuracy of the manufactured inflatable segment is measured using laser scanning. Measurements show that the average normalized error of the chord length and thickness are 2.97% and 0.554%, respectively. The aerodynamic behavior of the inflatable segment is then tested in a wind tunnel at different wind speeds and angles of attack. Lift forces are measured using a six-component balance, while the drag forces are calculated from the wake measurements. The lift and drag coefficients of the inflatable section are compared to those of a standard NACA 0021 airfoil. Finally, flow visualization is examined at different angles of attack using two methods: smoke and tufts. Both methods show that flow separation starts at 15° and full stall occurs at 25°. Results indicate that inflatables can find more applications in the design and construction of aerodynamic structures, such as wings.
3.	INNOTRACK: Concluding technical report 2010 Editorial collection (peer-reviewed)abstract The track structure, rails, switches and crossings account for more than 50% of maintenance and renewal costs for the rail industry. To improve the competitiveness of rail transportation, the cost-efficiency of these areas needs to be addressed.This the background to INNOTRACK, an integrated research project funded by the European Commission’s 6th research framework pro- gramme. Running from September 2006 to December 2009, INN- OTRACK has developed a multitude of innovative solutions in the areas of track substructure, rails & welds, and switches & crossings. The solutions have been assessed from technical, logistics and life cycle cost point of views.This Concluding Technical Report of INNOTRACK includes an overview of the project. It further details implementable results, and clusters them into ”highlight” areas. In addition, the book acts as a ”key” to the vast amount of information from INNOTRACK: All sections refer to project reports where more information can be found.
4.	Stylidis, Kostas, 1978, et al. (author) Perceived quality framework in product generation engineering: an automotive industry example 2019 In: Design Science. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2053-4701 .- 2053-4701. ; 5 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Perceived quality refers to customers’ cognitive and emotional responses to a particular design, often also associated with craftsmanship and customer satisfaction. Previous research defined a taxonomy of perceived quality and provided understanding about how engineering design decisions impact customer satisfaction. Furthermore, development of new products is frequently based on carrying over attributes of existing products, either from the same producer or from competitors. Previous research offered a new product development methodology combining variations of subsystems to carry over from existing products. This brief presents how these two lines of research combined to design the central console of the Porsche Panamera automobile and discusses the opportunities and challenges posed in the practical implementation of this research.
5.	Stylidis, Kostas, 1978, et al. (author) Perceived quality of products: a framework and attributes ranking method 2020 In: Journal of Engineering Design. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1466-1837 .- 0954-4828. ; 31:1, s. 37-67 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Perceived quality is one of the most critical aspects of product development that defines the successful design. This paper presents a new approach to perceived quality assessment by examining its elements, decomposed into a structure with the bottom-up sensory approach from the level of basic (‘ground’) attributes, covering almost every aspect of quality perception from the engineering viewpoint. The paper proposes a novel method for perceived quality attributes relative importance ranking, resulting in the balanced perceived quality of the final product within the given conditions. The proposed method helps to reach the equilibrium of the product’s quality equation from the perspective of design effort, time, and costs estimations. The authors introduce the Perceived Quality Framework (PQF), which is the taxonomy system for perceived quality attributes and the core of the attributes importance ranking (PQAIR) method. The research outcomes are based on findings of the qualitative exploratory study, including European and North American premium and luxury automotive manufacturers. An empirical structural validity test was performed to assess the usability and rigour of the proposed method. The results indicate that perceived quality evaluation can be significantly improved during all stages of product development.
6.	Stylidis, Konstantinos, 1978, et al. (author) Towards Overcoming the Boundaries between Manufacturing and Perceived Quality: An Example of Automotive Industry 2017 In: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 63, s. 733-738 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Automotive manufacturing enterprises face many challenges today. Remaining as one of the biggest among them is delivering value to the customers through product quality. Moreover, good manufacturing or technical quality does not always result in high perceived quality from a customer perspective. At the same time, perceived quality is a property that has to be incorporated into the product during the whole product lifecycle, from design to production. Throughout the production stage, every manufacturing operation contributes to the building of final product's perceived quality. Thus, there is a need to control manufacturing operations related to this matter. This paper addresses the connection of the perceived quality framework, which defines dimensions of the perceived quality, to a manufacturing model that represents the manufacturing variation and propagation during different assembly operations. The aim of the study is to overcome boundaries between manufacturing and perceived quality. An industrial example, within the automotive premium sector, has been used to draw this connection illustrating the case of welded assemblies.
7.	Brahma, Arindam, 1987, et al. (author) A study on the mechanisms of change propagation in mechanical design 2021 In: Journal of Mechanical Design - Transactions of the ASME. - : ASME International. - 1050-0472. ; 143:12 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Design changes and change propagation have been recognized as ubiquitous in the engineering design process. But why are some design changes propagated while others are absorbed? This paper reports on a study to investigate the specific properties of a mechanical design that influence whether a change is either propagated or absorbed. Student participants in the study were asked to complete a well-defined mechanical design task and then to introduce several design changes. Analysis of the recorded design processes reveals new insight into the mechanisms of change propagation in terms of properties of the design. The insights suggest avenues for future research to make designs more tolerant to potential future change and to develop improved methods to predict change propagation.
8.	Högman, Ulf, 1961, et al. (author) Requirements on New Technology and the Technology Implementation Process 2010 In: 8th International NordDesign Conference, NordDesign 2010; Goteborg; Sweden; 25 August 2010 through 27 August 2010. ; 2, s. 289-300 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract In literature, many authors have pointed to the importance of technology and technology development for company competitiveness. In this study we aim to study the technology in more detail and attempt to develop an understanding on the requirements and needs on “technology” from the perspective of product development. The research question which we aim to answer in this study is:“What are the requirements on maturity of technology when this technology is about to enter into the product development process?“A qualitative research strategy, based on three study cases involving 17 interviewees, has been chosen. All three cases come from one single company, Volvo Aero Corporation (VAC) in Sweden, in the context of the aero engine industry. The study contributes with a broad mapping of requirements and how they relate to different categories of technologies, showing big differences both regarding content and timing. It is concluded that attention should be payed both to how the organization builds new capabilities and to the capabilities of the technology itself. A surprisingly complicated picture on the requirements relating to the implementation of new technologies has emerged in the study. This contributes to the understanding regarding the difficulties of developing new technology and integrating it into an application.
9.	Bayani, Mohsen, 1981 (author) Squeak and Rattle Prediction for Robust Product Development in the automotive industry 2021 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract Squeak and rattle are nonstationary, irregular, and impulsive sounds that are audible inside the car cabin. For decades, customer complaints about squeak and rattle have been, and still are, among the top quality issues in the automotive industry. These annoying sounds are perceived as quality defect indications and burden warranty costs to the car manufacturers. Today, the quality improvements regarding the persistent type of sounds in the car, as well as the increasing popularity of electric engines, as green and quiet propulsion solutions, stress the necessity for attenuating annoying sounds like squeak and rattle more than in the past. The economical and robust solutions to this problem are to be sought in the pre-design-freeze phases of the product development and by employing design-concept-related practices. To achieve this goal, prediction and evaluation tools and methods are required to deal with the squeak and rattle quality issues upfront in the product development process. The available tools and methods for the prediction of squeak and rattle sounds in the pre-design-freeze phases of a car development process are not yet sufficiently mature. The complexity of the squeak and rattle events, the existing knowledge gap about the mechanisms behind the squeak and rattle sounds, the lack of accurate simulation and post-processing methods, as well as the computational cost of complex simulations are some of the significant hurdles in this immaturity. This research addresses this problem by identifying a framework for the prediction of squeak and rattle sounds based on a cause-and-effect diagram. The main domains and the elements and the sub-contributors to the problem in each domain within this framework are determined through literature studies, field explorations and descriptive studies conducted on the subject. Further, improvement suggestions for the squeak and rattle evaluation and prediction methods are proposed through prescriptive studies. The applications of some of the proposed methods in the automotive industry are demonstrated and examined in industrial problems. The outcome of this study enhances the understanding of some of the parameters engaged in the squeak and rattle generation. Simulation methods are proposed to actively involve the contributing factors studied in this work for squeak and rattle risk evaluation. To enhance the efficiency and accuracy of the risk evaluation process, methods were investigated and proposed for the system excitation efficiency, modelling accuracy and efficiency and quantification of the response in the time and frequency domains. The demonstrated simulation methods besides the improved understanding of the mechanisms behind the phenomenon can facilitate a more accurate and robust prediction of squeak and rattle risk during the pre-design-freeze stages of the car development.
10.	Heshmati, Mohsen, 1987, et al. (author) Dependency of cohesive laws of a structural adhesive in Mode-I and Mode-II loading on moisture, freeze-thaw cycling, and their synergy 2017 In: Materials and Design. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4197 .- 0264-1275. ; 122, s. 433-447 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract In recent years, adhesive bonding has found its way to construction applications such as bridges. Given the harsh conditions that such structures are usually exposed to, it is necessary to account for environmental factors, particularly moisture and temperature, in the design phase. Cohesive zone modelling has attracted much attention in the last decade as a promising method to design adhesive joints. Despite this interest, the effects of moisture and thermal cycles on cohesive laws have not been investigated to the knowledge of the authors. In this paper, we present a method to directly measure the environmental-dependent cohesive laws of a structural adhesive loaded in pure Mode-I and Mode-II. Special consideration is given to overcome issues such as the time-consuming nature of moisture ingression and specimen dimensions, which could be problematic due to the size-limitations of conditioning equipment. The accuracy of this method was verified through simulation of the experiments using the finite element analysis. The effects of exposure to 95% relative humidity, immersion in saltwater and distilled water, and freeze-thaw cycles in the presence or absence of moisture were investigated. The results indicate the damaging effects of combined saltwater and freeze-thaw cycles which were clearly reflected on the shape of the cohesive laws.
11.	Pradas Gómez, Alejandro, 1986, et al. (author) Design automation strategies for aerospace components during conceptual design phases 2023 Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract This paper explores the different design automation strategies used for the design of aerospace components. A literature review of the applicable strategies, together with the strategies used in the DEFAINE project are presented and compared. An opportunity to explore the combination of two strategies is presented (Enhanced Function-Mean and Knowledge Based Engineering), which has the potential to increase the discovery of novel design solutions while being able to assess their structural performance. The preliminary results of the combined strategy are presented, using a DEFAINE use case of a Turbine Rear Structure jet engine component.
12.	Bayani, Mohsen, 1981, et al. (author) Squeak and rattle prevention by geometric variation management using a two-stage evolutionary optimisation approach 2020 In: ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Proceedings (IMECE). Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Squeak and rattle are annoying sounds that often are regarded as the indicators for defects and quality issues by the automotive customers. Among the major causes for the generation of squeak and rattle sounds, geometric variation or tolerance stack-up is a key contributor. In the assembly process, the dimensional variation in critical interfaces for generating squeak and rattle events can be magnified due to tolerance stackup. One provision to manage the tolerance stack-up in these critical interfaces is to optimise the location of connectors between parts in an assembly. Hence, the focus of this work is to prevent squeak and rattle by introducing a geometric variation management approach to be used in the design phase in the automotive industry. The objective is to identify connection configurations that result in minimum variation and deviation in selected measure points from the critical interfaces for squeak and rattle. In this study, a two-stage evolutionary optimisation scheme, based on the genetic algorithm employing the elitism pool, is introduced to fine-tune the connectors’ configuration in an assembly. The objective function was defined as the variation and the deviation in the normal direction and the squeak plane. In the first stage, the location of one-dimensional connectors was found by minimising the objective function in the rattle direction. In the second stage, the best combination of some of the connectors from the first stage was found to define planar fasteners to optimise the objective function both in the rattle direction and the squeak plane. It was shown that by using the proposed two-stage optimisation scheme, the variation and deviation results in critical interfaces for squeak and rattle improved compared to the baseline results.
13.	Bergman, Martin, 1985 (author) Affective Surface Engineering for Product Design 2016 Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract Design research, sensation and perception, hard metrology, emotional functions, semantics, surface roughness, product interaction, core values, total appearance… the list of scientific phrases never ends. Yet, what do they mean and how shall we use it when we are communicating with the industry and our end users? Is it possible to link the product experience to process parameters, put a number onto it? When you can measure spoken needs or even better, implied needs, of a product, and relate that data to the production, it is possible do create advanced products with high interaction stimuli. By joining engineering sciences (hard metrology) with design science (soft metrology) correlations between customer’s product experience (emotional functions) and surface properties (technical functions) can be established.The research briefly handles an optimization process where the framework from Kansei Engineering (KE) is used to evaluate the semantics issues primarily regarding materials and functional surfaces of products. The basic idea is that; the stakeholder’s experience shall be observed already at the phase of ideation in the product development process, which then facilitates the project (in regard to the total appearance) later on when a concept reaches the production stage. The results presented in this thesis are carried out through a number of case studies together with the industry. The main result and aim of the research is a developed robust approach that links emotional functions with technical functions, which in the next step facilitates the improvement of the total appearance of a product. Nevertheless, it should be recognized that research is not yet complete. It is an iterative process, which confirms that the loop of the method needs to be complete. The developed method is a toolbox with the fundamental tools and workshops to facilitate the correlation process mentioned above, however the packaging of the final step in the method is not yet complete. The future research outlook will focus on the “independent industry implementation” where the method is used by the industry by guidelines only, thus without researchers support.
14.	Berlin, Cecilia, 1981, et al. (author) Using the ACD3-ladder to manage multi-phase requirements on end-user products 2017 In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED. - 2220-4334 .- 2220-4342. - 9781904670872 ; 4:DS87-4, s. 425-434 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract During the development of any end-user product, a multitude of design decisions need to be made. But if design activities and decisions happen at the wrong time, or not at all, unintentional and sometimes negative design outcomes can be the result. Determining all requirements early in the product development is traditionally recommended, but may force design decisions to be made prematurely onthe basis of incomplete preconditions. Requirements at different degrees of resolution are useful and purposeful at different stages of the development process. To address these requirements management challenges, this paper proposes an approach for incrementally developing requirements in parallel with design, based upon a previously developed framework called ACD³, which draws on a combination of theoretically compatible ideas and concepts from Design Engineering, Human Factors/Ergonomics,Usability and Systems Theory. This approach helps designers identify and handle the possible interdependencies of design variables. The paper also theoretically motivates and demonstrates with an example how the different resolution levels of requirements relate within the framework.
15.	Brahma, Arindam, 1987, et al. (author) A new model for capturing design information with an aim to aid change propagation assessment and subsequent redesign 2018 In: DS 92: Proceedings of the DESIGN 2018 15th International Design Conference. - : Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Croatia; The Design Society, Glasgow, UK. - 1847-9073. Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract A new model is developed to investigate the causes of change propagation and guide the redesign process. The model offers a micro-level perspective on the mechanisms through which changes propagate or are absorbed. Extending the Information Structure Framework (ISF) reported by Ahmad et al. (2013), the model uses a multi-domain approach combined with a reformulated detail design process layer. It is illustrated through a desk-based case study of routine mechanical design. Advantages and limitations are discussed along with possibilities for further work.
16.	Brahma, Arindam, 1987, et al. (author) Concepts of change propagation analysis in engineering design 2023 In: Research in Engineering Design - Theory, Applications, and Concurrent Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-6066 .- 0934-9839. ; 34:1, s. 117-151 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Interest in change propagation analysis for engineering design has increased rapidly since the topic gained prominence in the late 1990s. Although there are now many approaches and models, there is a smaller number of underlying key concepts. This article contributes a literature review and organising framework that summarises and relates these key concepts. Approaches that have been taken to address each key concept are collected and discussed. A visual analysis of the literature is presented to uncover some trends and gaps. The article thereby provides a thematic analysis of state-of-the-art in design change propagation analysis, and highlights opportunities for further work.
17.	Dabhilkar, Mandar, et al. (author) Supplier selection or collaboration? : Determining factors of performance improvement when outsourcing manufacturing 2009 In: Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 1478-4092 .- 1873-6505. ; 15:3, s. 143-153 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract An empirical study was designed to determine factors of performance improvement when outsourcing manufacturing. Findings from a survey of 136 manufacturing plants in Sweden show that most of them achieve their outsourcing motives, but not without trade-offs. Factors of performance improvements such as economies of scale or operations in low-cost countries can improve one performance dimension, such as product cost, yet negatively impact volume flexibility, speed or product innovation. The results show part characteristics and supplier operating capabilities are more important than supplier relationship strategies when outsourcing manufacturing, meaning that supplier selection trumps supplier collaboration in the make-or-buy decision.
18.	Finnsgård, Christian, 1974 (author) Assembly processes and materials supply systems design 2009 Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract Lean production has over the last decades emerged as the most important paradigm for production, with the assembly processes in focus, including the objective to minimize non-value-adding work. Thus, much attention has been on the work of the assembly operator. However, little focus has been devoted to how the new requirements from lean production have been transformed into materials supply systems supporting the assembly processes. Hence, the purpose of this thesis is to contribute to increased knowledge about the relation between assembly processes and materials supply systems design.A framework is introduced in this thesis, describing how requirements from the assembly processes are transformed by the materials supply system into the actual materials flow. In the results of this thesis, a model structuring requirements in materials supply and assembly processes is proposed, tested, and subsequently different requirements were identified. Materials exposure is introduced as the transition from the materials supply system to the assembly system. Results show that that the materials exposure has a large impact on assembly workstations performance in terms of space needed, non-value-adding work and ergonomics. Further, an experiment showed that the materials exposure factors with the largest impact on picking time were packaging, angle of packaging and height above floor.Major contributions in this thesis are the identification and structuring of requirements in assembly processes and materials supply systems, and explaining how the materials exposure affects the assembly processes. How this knowledge can be applied in the design of new, or redesign of existing, production systems and materials supply processes in particular, is a managerial contribution.
19.	Finnsgård, Christian, 1974, et al. (author) Impact of materials exposure on assembly workstation performance 2011 In: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 49:24, s. 7253-7274 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This paper examines how the choice of materials exposure impacts workstation performance, in terms of non-value-adding work, space requirements and ergonomics. In a typical Swedish automotive setting, components are exposed in wooden pallets with frames beside the assembly line and supplied by forklift truck. In a case study, three workstations on an assembly line were studied and redesigned following the principles of lean production, using smaller plastic containers for the materials exposure. After the redesign, the space required for materials was reduced by 67%, non-value-adding work decreased by 20%, and walking distance was reduced by 52%. Furthermore, the ergonomics for the assembly operator improved greatly, with a 92% reduction of potentially harmful picking activities, thereby almost eliminating potentially harmful body movements. The theoretical contribution of this paper is firstly the development of an analysis model describing the impact of material exposure on workstation performance and secondly development of the existing categorization of work operations to include different materials handling activities. The most important managerial implication is an increased understanding of the relationship between space, ergonomics, non-value-adding work and materials exposure. These findings have direct implications on workstation design in industry.
20.	Finnsgård, Christian, 1974 (author) Materials exposure: The interface between materials supply and assembly 2013 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract This thesis concerns the supply of components to assembly in production sys- tems, and introduces materials exposure as the interface between materials sup- ply systems and assembly systems. The purpose of the thesis is to explain how materials exposure influences the performance of materials supply systems and assembly systems. The supply of components is crucial for assembly, for in serving the requirements from assembly. Still, the materials supply system has to remain efficient. In this way, materials exposure impacts the performance of a production system as a whole.The thesis is a based on five studies, all of which depart from theoretical frame- works developed from literature and empirically applied within the Swedish automotive industry. Four case studies and one experiment were conducted to answer three research questions, and the results are published in five papers.The results of the thesis provide several theoretical and practical contributions. Both the position of the exposure and the size of the packaging for a component impact the performance of the assembly workstation performance in terms of space required, non-value-adding work, and ergonomics. Materials exposure impacts manual picking time at assembly lines, for which packaging is the most influential factor, followed by angle of exposure and height of the exposed com- ponent. Materials exposure further impacts the configuration of the in-plant ma- terials supply system by requiring additional activities in the in-plant materials supply system, which impacts its performance. Concerning the impact of choice of packaging used in materials exposure, a model to evaluate the impact a pack- aging has on the performance of the materials supply system was developed. The Materials Flow Mapping methodology is another contribution that describes the activities in materials supply systems, as well as categorises the activities in material flows into materials handling, transportation, storage, and administra- tive activities.This thesis explains how the materials exposure influences the performance of materials supply systems and assembly systems. It shows how materials expo- sure impacts the assembly system performance and the in-plant materials supply system performance, and finally, how the packaging for materials exposure im- pacts the performance of the materials supply systems and assembly systems. The thesis can further be used as a guide for how materials should be exposed and in the selection of packaging for materials exposure. The most beneficial managerial use would be in the design and operation of assembly systems, mate- rials supply systems, and in particular, materials exposure.
21.	Finnsgård, Christian, 1974, et al. (author) Swedish shippers’ strategies for coping with slow-steaming in deep sea container shipping 2018 In: Journal of Shipping and Trade. - : Springer. - 2364-4575. ; 3:8 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract When container shipping lines experience over-capacity and high fuel costs, they typically respond by decreasing sailing speeds and, consequently, increasing transport time. Most of the literature on this phenomenon, often referred to as slow-steaming, takes the perspective of the shipping lines addressing technical, operational and financial effects, or a society perspective focusing on lower emissions and energy use. Few studies investigate the effects on the demand side of the market for container liner shipping. Hence, the aim of this study is to elaborate on the logistics consequences of slow-steaming, particularly the strategies that Swedish shippers purchasing deep sea container transport services employ to mitigate the effects of slow-steaming. Workshops and semi-structured interviews revealed that shippers felt they had little or no impact on sailing schedules and were more or less subject to container shipping lines’ decisions. The effects of slow-steaming were obviously most severe for firms with complex supply chains, where intermediate products are sent back and forth between production stages on different continents. The shippers developed a set of strategies to cope with the low punctuality of containerised shipping, and these were categorised in the domains of transfer-the-problem, transport, sourcing and distribution, logistics and manufacturing, and product design. All firms applied changes in the transport domain, although the lack of service segmentation limited the effects of the strategy. Most measures were applied by two firms, whereas only one firm changed the product design.
22.	Gong, Xuejian, et al. (author) Simulation-Driven Manufacturing Planning for Product-Production Variety Coordination 2017 In: IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management. - 2157-3611 .- 2157-362X. ; , s. 2039-2043 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Ambitious manufacturers are challenged to satisfy a broad range of customers while ensuring that the emerging product variety can be produced. Current practice suggests that products and production systems are modeled separately until the late stages of development when the designs are fixed and modifications are costly. In this paper, both product and production varieties are modeled, assessed, and evaluated using discrete-event simulation during preliminary stages. An illustrative example from the aerospace industry is used to demonstrate the approach. The simulation software Simio is used to model a sequence of operations and a set of input data related to a variety of aerospace sub-systems and a variety of welding resources. Through the simulations, the average utilization rate, the average throughput time, and the average work in process are generated. These outputs are used to evaluate the sets of product-production alternatives during the early stages of platform development when the cost to adjust the design of the products, production resources and operations are trifling.
23.	Hanson, Robin, 1981, et al. (author) Impact of unit load size on in-plant materials supply efficiency 2014 In: International Journal of Production Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-5273 .- 1873-7579. ; 147:PART A, s. 46-52 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The unit loads, e.g.; plastic containers or EUR-pallets, used in an assembly plant can have a significant impact on time efficiency, and hence cost, of both the materials supply and the receiving assembly stations. Smaller unit loads can reduce the time the assemblers spend fetching parts. However, larger unit loads result in fewer moves for a given volume of materials, which implies efficient in-plant materials supply. The current paper explores how the time efficiency of in-plant materials supply is affected by the size of unit loads. Based on the case study, it is clear that the efficiency of the in-plant materials supply is not proportional to the size of the unit loads. There are fundamental differences between how large pallets, compared to smaller unit loads, are delivered, meaning that the increased delivery frequency required for smaller unit loads does not necessarily result in an increased man-hour consumption.
24.	Hoffenson, Steven, 1985, et al. (author) A Multi-objective Tolerance Optimization Approach for Economic, Ecological, and Social Sustainability 2013 In: 20th CIRP International Conference on Life Cycle Engineering (LCE). - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 9789814451475 - 9789814451482 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Sustainable design requires simultaneous consideration of the economic, ecological, and social consequences of design decisions. The selection of dimensional tolerances and materials are two such decisions that have impacts in all three of these areas. This article presents an optimization framework along with generalized models for considering sustainability and understanding how different aspects of sustainability may trade off with one another. A mobile phone design is used as a case study to demonstrate the strengths of the approach when varying manufacturing tolerance and material choice, and the results include three-dimensional Pareto frontiers illustrating the design tradeoffs.
25.	Landström, Anna, 1990, et al. (author) A life cycle approach to business performance measurement systems 2018 In: Procedia Manufacturing. - : Elsevier BV. - 2351-9789. ; 25, s. 126-133, s. 126-133 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Virtually every company has implemented a Business Performance Measurement System (BPMS) with the purpose of monitoring production and business performance and to execute the corporate strategy at all levels in a company. The purpose of this article is to shed light on common pitfalls related to the practical use of BPMS and further to present a life cycle model with the purpose of introducing structured approach to avoiding the pitfalls. The article contributes to further development of the BPMS life cycle concept and practical examples of how it can be used.
26.	Liljestrand, Kristina, 1985, et al. (author) Providing explicit descriptions of studied systems: more than a necessary evil? 2015 In: Nofoma Conference Proceedings. - 9788279622024 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract PurposeExplicit descriptions of studied systems can support researchers in clarifying objects of study and motives of research as well as in structuring research design. However, since many scholars of systems approaches operate outside the field of logistics, applying systems approaches in logistics can be challenging. The purpose of this paper is therefore to describe how a systems approach can be applied in logistics so as to provide guidance for logistics researchers in their descriptions of studied systems.Design/methodology/approachTwo systems approaches were used to describe the systems studied in six doctoral theses. A series of workshops was conducted to compare the descriptions and share challenges.FindingsKey aspects for adapting the selected systems approaches corresponded to four areas of logistics—activities, flow, performance, and actors—all of which can be included in the selected systems approaches. Advice for doctoral students on applying these frameworks is provided.Research limitations/implicationsThis research can provide support to other logistics researchers when applying systems approaches and developing explicit descriptions of studied systems.Original/valueSystems approaches are central to logistics research, a field in which scholars are encouraged to apply well-known systems approaches. This paper contributes value by providing explicit examples of how such approaches were applied in six logistics research projects.
27.	Pålsson, Henrik, et al. (author) An evaluation model for sustainable packaging systems in supply chains - the case of Volvo 2011 In: Proceedings from the 23rd annual NOFOMA Conference. Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
28.	Pålsson, Henrik, et al. (author) Selection of packaging systems in supply chains from a sustainability perspective – the case of Volvo 2013 In: Packaging Technology & Science. - : Wiley. - 0894-3214 .- 1099-1522. ; 26:5, s. 289-310 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The purpose of this article is to develop an evaluation model for the selection of packaging systems in supply chains from a sustainability perspective. A theoretical evaluation model for comparing cost efficiency and the environmental impact of packaging systems in supply chains are developed from literature. The model is tested in a case study of a supply chain involving Volvo Car Corporation and Volvo Logistics Corporation, comparing the use of newly developed, one-way packaging with the sustainability of returnable packaging. The model compares the environmental and economic impacts of two packaging systems in a specific supply chain. The criteria used in the model are (i) packaging fill rate, (ii) packaging material, (iii) transport, (iv) material handling, (v) waste handling and (vi) administration. In the case study, the one-way packaging resulted in fewer economic and environmental impacts, thereby indicating the importance for companies to question their packaging systems. The model has been tested on one component in a case study. It provides a comparison of the packaging choices included using comparative, but not absolute, figures for the economic and environmental impacts. Managers can use the model to compare packaging systems for component supply and determine the most sustainable packaging from environmental and economic perspectives. The case study indicated that the returnable packaging system commonly used in the automotive industry is not always preferable in terms of sustainability. The article fulfils the need to evaluate the impact of packaging systems on supply chain sustainability in terms of economic and environmental criteria. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
29.	Raudberget, Dag, et al. (author) Bridging the gap between functions and physical components through a structured functional mapping chart 2016 In: Proceedings of the 2016 ISPE International Conference on Transdisciplinary Engineering, 4-6 October, Curitiba, 2016.. - : International Society for Productivity Enhancement. ; 4, s. 107-116 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Functional modelling can be challenging to integrate with physical CAD-modelling, since the natures of these representations are quite different. This paper presents a methodology seeking to bridge these representations in a product platform context. The contribution of this work is a pragmatic way to improve the connections between Functional Requirements and CAD models. It does so by structuring functions, features and components and by linking these through tags in CAD-models. The methodology thereby associates the CAD models to the functional knowledge used when creating them. The result is the functional mapping chart, which is illustrated by an example from the automotive industry.
30.	Salunkhe, Omkar, 1990, et al. (author) Review of Current Status and Future Directions for Collaborative and Semi-Automated Automotive Wire Harnesses Assembly 2023 In: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271 .- 2212-8271. ; 120, s. 696-701 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Wire harnesses are vital for any modern automotive vehicle. They control the basic functions in a vehicle, for example, windshield wipers and critical functions such as sensors, cameras, and autopilot functions. Thus, the quality of wire harness assembly is highly important. Today, wire harnesses are usually assembled manually, which creates unergonomic and tedious working conditions for operators. Traditional and collaborative industrial robots have been identified as possible solutions to overcome challenges faced by operators in this type of assembly. The international research community has proposed many solutions for automating the assembly of wire harnesses in automotive vehicles but despite these solutions, the industry has not been able to adopt a method to automate this assembly process fully or partially. This paper presents a review of findings on robot-assisted wire harness assembly processes based on a systematic literature review. Specifically, the assembly of wire harnesses in Electric Vehicles (EVs). The state-of-the-art review focuses on solutions to improve unergonomic work situations and ensure the quality of assembly operations. Best practices and reasons for the lack of extensive implementation in automotive final assembly systems are described. Further, the paper presents suggestions based on success stories where the automation of the wire harness assembly in automotive vehicles has been realised by leveraging human-centred automation solutions. Based on the findings, this paper identifies the research for future study. The findings also indicate that there is already technology that can support the automation of wire harness assembly processes in EVs but it is crucial to identify the human aspects and the role of humans in the assembly of wire harness assembly process.
31.	Stark, Andreas, et al. (author) Hybrid digital manufacturing: Capturing the value of digitalization 2023 In: Journal of Operations Management. - : Wiley. - 1873-1317 .- 0272-6963. ; 69:6, s. 890-910 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract A chasm is growing between the advanced technologies available for improving manufacturing operations and those effectively used in practice. The vision of Industry 4.0 is to mobilize industry to seek out these possibilities for improvement and to close the gap between opportunity and reality. However, when compared with more established improvement opportunities such as lean manufacturing, the digitalization of manufacturing lacks in both paradigmatic examples and an understanding of how to achieve the benefits. This lack is a complication of concern: Without an appropriate operations strategy to capture the value of digitalization, manufacturing companies will be unable to focus on technological investments and operational changes. To address this concern, operations management academics must develop new theory through active engagement in the practice of digitalization in manufacturing. This research presents a paradigmatic example, based on engaged scholarship, focused on effectively combining novel object-interactive and conventional manufacturing syntax for benefiting from digitalization in internal operations and the wider supply chain. The contribution to literature is a novel operations strategy—hybrid digital manufacturing—for capturing the value of Industry 4.0 technologies.
32.	Stylidis, Kostas, 1978, et al. (author) Perceived Quality Evaluation with the Use of Extended Reality 2019 In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2220-4334 .- 2220-4342. ; 1:1, s. 1993-2002 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract If designers want to communicate quality aspects of the product, there is a need to bring these characteristics into the measurable space of perceived quality (PQ) attributes. To illustrate the solution for designers' dilemma of the “best design choice” in this study we applied the PQ attributes importance ranking (PQAIR) method, with the example of a bread toaster. We choose for evaluation three PQ attributes which can significantly influence visual quality of a product: Gap, Flush and Parallelism. We performed the experiment measuring subjective preferences over the toaster designs of two respondent's groups - “Designers” and “Customers.” We used sequentially: (i) web-survey (still images); (ii) desktop system; and (iii) fully immersive head-mounted display system (Virtual Reality). Consequently, we conducted a post-experiment survey regarding subjective preferences, related to the PQ communication channels that have been implemented during the study. Our results indicate advantages and drawbacks for each PQ communication method that we applied in this experiment and encourage further research in the area of products' perceived quality assessment.
33.	Kumar, Mayank, 1991-, et al. (author) Assembly of joints using threaded fasteners: Influence of fastener coating and joint surface topography Other publication (other academic/artistic)
34.	Kumar, Mayank, 1991- (author) Friction in threaded fasteners : Influence of materials and tooling 2022 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract Threaded fasteners represent the most common type of machine element, with a unique function that facilitates ease of assembly and disassembly. This ease of disassembly allows machine parts to be reused, refurbished, and recycled. Easy as these components are to assemble, several factors must be considered to achieve the desired clamp force and to utilize the fastener to its full load capacity. The research presented in the thesis compares different tightening strategies and assembly tools to show that the clamp force and it´s scatter are influenced by the variation in the coefficient of friction (CoF) to a much larger extent than by the accuracy of an assembly tool. The research therefore focus on understanding the frictional response in a threaded fastener joint during tightening.A range of design and assembly factors are considered to identify how to increase reliability of the threaded fastener joints. These factors include tightening speed, coating, surface topography, fastener storage conditions, cutting fluid residue and joint material. A torque-controlled, two-step tightening method was mainly used in the studies as it is widely practiced across the production floor of the motor vehicle and general industries to tighten threaded fastener joints. A state-of-the-art friction test rig (FTR) was built to quantify variations in the CoF in the thread and under-head contacts during tightening. Coatings and contact surfaces are also characterized using SEM, FIB, indenters, and optical microscopes to gain an insight to find the likely reasons behind CoF variation. Fasteners with different Zn-based coatings were tightened on plates with surface topographies similar to those found in the motor vehicle industry. The samples were not cleaned before the testing but used "as-received" from the supplier. The degree of damage to the joint surface and fastener thread from the tightening depends on the hardness of the coating. The hardest coating (Zn-Ni) remained relatively unchanged but gave twice as high CoF in the under-head contact compared to the softest coating (Zn-flake). The under-head friction often dominates the tightening process and may be significantly affected by the joint surface topography and the level of cleanliness. In the automotive industry, many parts to be assembled are not thoroughly cleaned, increasing the risk of cutting fluid residue on the joint surface. Different types of cutting fluids were compared in a study with fasteners tightened against “as-received" and cleaned plates. It was shown that CoF might drastically decrease depending on the coating and cutting fluid types. An ester-based fluid performed best, providing the lowest CoF in the under-head contact due to its higher viscosity and polarity. A water-based fluid showed a significantly larger scatter. Water can also influence friction due differences in humidity and temperature. Sometimes fasteners are stored outside a factory which could lead to water diffusion in the coating in hot-humid climate or condensation of water on the fastener surface when it is brought from the outside storage at sub-zero temperatures into the production hall. Water on the coating and inside of it could lead to low CoF, with overtightening and fastener failure as a result. Four Zn-based coatings were compared and showed different response depending on the coating structure and topcoat. Another way to reduce CoF is to use variable speed tightening. It will also increase productivity, as it is faster. It will also improve operator ergonomics, as it gives much lower reaction torque. Much higher CoF was found for EPZ coating when tightened at a constant and very low speed, 5 rpm, due to cohesion that resulted in material transfer, compared to CoF during high, variable speed tightening. At the same time, speed had negligible influence on the CoF when using soft Zn-flake coating as the coating easily sheared off, acting as a solid lubricant.A soft coating is also practical when used in contact with parts made using additive manufacturing (AM). The AM parts are often rough, but a soft coating can mitigate an increase in the under-head CoF. An interesting finding was that the cheapest solution of using an uncoated fastener works very well. An anti-corrosion oil on the plain fastener helped in achieving low CoF. When the AM plate was machined, the CoF and surface damage significantly increased due to the lay of the surface topography created by machining. The findings presented in the thesis increase understanding of how various design and assembly factors govern friction in the thread and under-head contacts. The under-head contact dominates friction response. A proper selection and adjustment of these factors will help design engineers to optimize joint designs and achieve high fastener strength utilization.
35.	Shetty, Sandeep (author) Optimization of Vehicle Structures under Uncertainties 2017 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract Advancements in simulation tools and computer power have made it possible to incorporate simulation-based structural optimization in the automotive product development process. However, deterministic optimization without considering uncertainties such as variations in material properties, geometry or loading conditions might result in unreliable optimum designs. In this thesis, the capability of some established approaches to perform design optimization under uncertainties is assessed, and new improved methods are developed. In particular, vehicle structural problems which involve computationally expensive Finite Element (FE) simulations, are addressed.The first paper focuses on the evaluation of robustness, given some variation in input parameters, the capabilities of three well-known metamodels are evaluated. In the second paper, a comparative study of deterministic, reliability-based and robust design optimization approaches is performed. It is found that the overall accuracy of the single-stage (global) metamodels, which are used in the above study, is acceptable for deterministic optimization. However, the accuracy of performance variation prediction (local sensitivity) must be improved. In the third paper, a decoupled reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) approach is presented. In this approach, metamodels are employed for the deterministic optimization only while the uncertainty analysis is performed using FE simulations in order to ensure its accuracy.In the fifth paper, two new sequential sampling strategies are introduced that aim to improve the accuracy of the metamodels efficiently in critical regions. The capabilities of the methods presented are illustrated using analytical examples and a vehicle structural application.It is important to accurately represent physical variations in material properties since these might exert a major influence on the results. In previous work these variations have been treated in a simplified manner and the consequences of these simplifications have been poorly understood. In the fourth paper, the accuracy of several simple methods in representing the real material variation has been studied. It is shown that a scaling of the nominal stress-strain curve based on the Rm scatter is the best choice of the evaluated choices, when limited material data is available.In this thesis work, new pragmatic methods for non-deterministic optimization of large scale vehicle structural problems have been developed. The RBDO methods developed are shown to be flexible, more efficient and reasonably accurate, which enables their implementation in the current automotive product development process.
36.	Radovan, Drazumeric, et al. (author) Truing of diamond wheels - Geometry, kinematics and removal mechanisms 2018 In: CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1726-0604 .- 0007-8506. ; 67:1, s. 345-348 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract An investigation is made into traverse truing of diamond grinding wheels using various truing grit types, grit sizes and truing parameters. Geometry and kinematics of the truing contact are modeled. Specific energies are found to depend on truing-grit size but not on truing parameters, indicating little to no size effect. Removal mechanisms are analyzed via SEM examination of diamond- and truing-wheel swarf. A fundamental relationship is established relating the truing compliance number to the truing efficiency, which encompasses truing parameters and truing- and diamond-grit sizes. Recommendations are made for optimum conditions to minimize force-constrained truing time.
37.	Söderberg, Rikard, 1963, et al. (author) An information and simulation framework for increased quality in welded components 2018 In: CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1726-0604 .- 0007-8506. ; 67:1, s. 165-168 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The recent trend toward using simulation models with real-time data as digital twins is rapidly increasing in industry. In this paper, a digital framework supporting real-time geometrical quality control of welded components, is presented. The concept is based on a structured process model for all operations included in typical welding, strategies for selective assembly, automatic adjustment of fixtures and optimization of weld sequence. The concept utilizes recently developed algorithms for fast welding simulation and in-line scanning to be used in the optimization loop of an automated welding station—a digital twin for a welding cell.
38.	Paik, Jeom Kee, et al. (author) Full-scale collapse testing of a steel stiffened plate structure under axial-compressive loading at a temperature of −80°C 2021 In: Ships and Offshore Structures. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1754-212X .- 1744-5302. ; 16:3, s. 255-270 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The aim of the paper was to develop a test database of the ultimate strength characteristics of full-scale steel stiffened plate structures under axial compressive loading at a temperature of −80°C. This paper is a sequel to the authors’ articles (Paik et al. 2020a, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.05.026 and Paik et al. 2020b, https://doi.org/10.1080/17445302.2020.1787930). In contrast to the earlier articles associated with room temperature or cryogenic condition, this paper investigated the effect of a low temperature at −80°C which is within the boundary range of temperature of the ductile-to-brittle fracture transition for carbon steels. A material model representing the test conditions was also proposed to capture the characteristics of carbon steels at low temperatures both in tension and in compression, and it was used in finite element method simulations of the full-scale experiment. A comparison between numerical analyses and experiments showed that the proposed model could successfully predict the failure modes and ultimate strength characteristics at low temperatures for stiffened plate structures under axial compressive loading conditions.
39.	Somhorst, Joop, 1965 (author) Thermal insulation of the combustion chamber in a light duty diesel engine 2024 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract Reduction of heat loss from the combustion chamber in an engine has great potential to decrease fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. Research on thermal barrier coatings (TBC) has been performed since the early eighties to address this potential. However, reported results for engine efficiency improvements with insulation show a large spread and there is no consensus on the actual benefits of TBCs. The purpose of this PhD project was to make an accurate assessment of state-of-the-art TBCs and establish what coating properties are required to improve indicated engine efficiency. Cylinder pressure data and measured heat losses to the piston cooling oil in a light duty single cylinder engine formed the basis for the experimental research. A robust and automated measurement method was developed and combined with statistical modeling of the data. Plasma sprayed yttria stabilized zirconia and anodized alumina were selected to establish the effectiveness of state-of-the-art TBCs. These coatings, applied on the piston top, did not improve indicated efficiency. The high surface roughness of the coatings was an important contributor to the poor performance. Experiments with a novel coating technology: suspension plasma spraying and a new material gadolinium-zirconate, led to a slightly improved indicated efficiency. Details in the heat release analysis indicated that the high open porosity in this coating might lead to increased heat losses and fuel entrainment. An investigation of possible charge entrainment effects in a standard plasma sprayed zirconia thermal barrier coating was performed, using a combination of engine experiments, CFD simulations and a 0D crevice model. The crevice model predicted the observed deviations of the apparent rate of heat release surprisingly well, which is strong evidence for the existance and significance of this crevice effect. To significantly increase engine efficiency with thermal insulation, materials with further reduced thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity are needed, while negative effects such as high surface roughness and crevice effects from permeable porosity should be minimized.
40.	Alonso Fernandez, Iñigo, 1985, et al. (author) Identification of Technology Integration Challenges at Two Global Automotive OEMs 2020 In: Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2633-7762. ; 1, s. 2245-2254 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Platform design has been firmly established in the automotive industry as a strategy to provide wider product variety while maintaining cost effective production. But this strategy can struggle to keep up with the pace and nature of emerging technologies. This paper reviews the existing approaches to modelling product platforms, and showcases the challenges at OEMs introducing new technological innovations in their platforms. A gap is identified in the methods to assess the ability of existing platforms to integrate new technologies whenever they become available.
41.	Andersson, Joakim, 1964, et al. (author) Connected vehicle data in demand planning: A proposal of interventions in an aftermarket context 2017 In: Proceedings of the Nofoma conference 2017. Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
42.	blundell, Dave, et al. (author) Design and evaluation of the ELEVATE two-stroke automotive engine 2003 In: SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) Transactions. - 0096-736X. ; 112:3, s. 613-627 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
43.	Handawi, Khalil Al, et al. (author) Integrating additive manufacturing and repair strategies of aeroengine components in the computational multidisciplinary engineering design process 2018 In: Proceedings of NordDesign: Design in the Era of Digitalization, NordDesign 2018. Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract This paper presents a methodology for integrating failure and lifecycle analysis related to additive manufacturing in a computational multidisciplinary engineering design framework. The specific goal of this framework is to quantify the impact of component design decisions on system-level performance in order to assess alternative manufacturing, re-manufacturing and repair strategies from both technical and business perspectives. The ultimate objective of this research is to enable such considerations in the early product design phases, where sufficient degree of freedom exists to identify component design solutions that can facilitate and accommodate different manufacturing and repair techniques that impact the entire lifecycle. The developed methodology is demonstrated by means of a jet engine component where repair strategies are included as variables in the computational design process. Numerical results confirm that these strategies can be used to trade among design attributes such as lifecycle cost, weight, and performance.
44.	Lämkull, Dan, 1966, et al. (author) Consistency in figure posturing results within and between simulation engineers 2006 In: SAE Technical Papers. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International. - 0148-7191 .- 2688-3627. Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract This paper presents the results of an effort to compare figure posturing results within and between simulation engineers. The simulation engineers simulated four manual tasks. Alternately they used a posture prediction tool, and alternately they were only allowed to apply manual adjustments of the body angles. The simulation engineers repeated each task six times and always with at least six days between each occasion, to minimize the subject's rememberance of how she/he carried out the cases. Results show that the use of a posture prediction tool, in such complex tasks as the study includes, neither reduces needed time to fulfill a simulation, nor differences within or between simulation engineers. Differences in simulation results often originate from the different assumptions the simulation engineers have of the task when positioning the manikins. The differences could be minimized by a more careful orderer description and by such activities as simulation engineering days at assembly plants and by bringing the people working with human simulation tools together in the organization. Copyright © 2006 SAE International.
45.	Raja, Visakha, 1985 (author) On the Design of Functionally Integrated Aero-engine Structures: Modeling and Evaluation Methods for Architecture and Complexity 2019 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract The drive for airplanes with radically reduced fuel consumption and emissions motivates engine manufacturers to explore innovative engine designs. The novelty of such engines results in changed operating conditions, such as newly introduced constraints, increased loads or rearranged interfaces. To be competitive, component developers and manufacturers must understand and predict the consequences of such changes on their sub-systems. Presently, such assessments are based on detailed geometrical models (CAD or finite element) and consume significant amounts of time. The preparation of such models is resource intensive unless parametrization is employed. Even with parametrization, alternative geometrical layouts for designs are difficult to achieve. In contrast to geometrical model-based estimations, a component architecture representation and evaluation scheme can quickly identify the functional implications for a system-level change and likely consequences on the component. The schemes can, in turn, point to the type and location of needed evaluations with detailed geometry. This will benefit the development of new engine designs and facilitate improvements upon existing designs. The availability of architecture representation schemes for functionally integrated (all functions being satisfied by one monolithic structure) aero-engine structural components is limited. The research in this thesis focuses on supporting the design of aero-engine structural components by representing their architecture as well as by developing means for the quantitative evaluation and comparison of different component designs. The research has been conducted in collaboration with GKN Aerospace Sweden AB, and the components are aero-engine structures developed and manufactured at GKN. Architectural information is generated and described based on concepts from set theory, graph theory and enhanced function–means trees. In addition, the complexities of the components are evaluated using a new complexity metric. Specifically, the developed modeling and evaluation methods facilitate the following activities: · identification and representation of function–means information for the component · representation and evaluation of component architecture · product complexity evaluation · early selection of load path architecture · impact assessment for the component’s functioning in the system By means of the methods developed in this thesis, the design rationale for a component is made explicit, and the storing, communicating and retrieving of information about the component in the future is enabled. Through their application to real-life engine structures, the usability of the methods in identifying early load carrying configurations and selecting a manufacturing segmenting option is demonstrated. Together, the methods provide development engineers the ability to compare alternative architectures. Further research could focus on exploring the system (engine) effects of changes in component architecture and improvements to the complexity metric by incorporating manufacturing information.
46.	Rompokos, Pavlos, et al. (author) Synergistic technology combinations for future commercial aircraft using liquid hydrogen 2020 In: Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo. ; 3 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Liquid hydrogen (LH2) has long been seen as a technically feasible fuel for a fully sustainable greener aviation future. The low density of the cryogenic fuel would dictate the redesign of commercial aircraft to accommodate the large tanks, which are unlikely to be integrated within the whole internal volume of the wing. In the ENABLEH2 project, the morphological aspects of a LH2 aircraft design are discussed and a methodology for rapid concept comparative assessment is proposed. An exercise is then carried on to down-select short-to-medium range (SMR) and long-range (LR) concepts, able to carry 200 passengers for 3000 nmi and 414 passengers for 7500 nmi respectively. The down-selection process was split into two phases with the first considering 31 potential airframe architectures and 21 propulsion-system arrangements. The second phase made the final down-selections from a short-list of nine integrated design concepts that were ranked according to 34 criteria, relating to operating cost, revenue, noise and safety. Upon completion of the process, a tube and wing design with the tanks integrated into extended wing roots, and a blended-wing-body design were selected as the best candidates for the SMR and LR applications respectively. Both concepts feature distributed propulsion to maximise synergies from integrating the airframe and propulsion systems.
47.	Rompokos, Pavlos, et al. (author) Synergistic technology combinations for future commercial aircraft using liquid hydrogen 2021 In: Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power. - : ASME International. - 1528-8919 .- 0742-4795. ; 143:7 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Liquid hydrogen (LH2) has long been seen as a technically feasible fuel for a fully sustainable greener aviation future. The low density of the cryogenic fuel would dictate the redesign of commercial aircraft to accommodate the large tanks, which are unlikely to be integrated within the whole internal volume of the wing. In the ENABLEH2 project, the morphological aspects of a LH2 aircraft design are discussed and a methodology for rapid concept comparative assessment is proposed. An exercise is then carried on to down-select short-to-medium range (SMR) and long-range (LR) concepts, able to carry 200 passengers for 3000 nmi and 414 passengers for 7500 nmi, respectively. The downselection process was split into two phases with the first considering 31 potential airframe architectures and 21 propulsion-system arrangements. The second phase made the final down-selections from a short-list of nine integrated design concepts that were ranked according to 34 criteria, relating to operating cost, revenue, noise, and safety. Upon completion of the process, a tube and wing design with the tanks integrated into extended wing roots, and a blended-wing-body design were selected as the best candidates for the SMR and LR applications, respectively. Both concepts feature distributed propulsion to maximize synergies from integrating the airframe and propulsion systems.
48.	Forslund, Anders, 1982 (author) Uncertainty and Robustness in Aerospace Structures 2016 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract Engineering is not an exact science. In fact, all engineering activity contain some degree of assumption, simplification, idealization, and abstraction. When engineered creations meet reality, every manufactured product behaves differently. This variation can be detrimental to product quality and functionality. In an aerospace context, this variation may even result in serious threats to the safety and reliability of aircraft. However, it is not the variation in and of itself that is harmful, but the effects it imposes on functionality—an important distinction to make. Reducing sources of variation is often associated with tightening tolerances and increasing cost. Instead, it is preferable to eliminate the effects of this variation by making designs more robust. This idea is at the core of robust design methodology. Aerospace is an industry characterized by the complexity of its products and the multidisciplinary nature of its product development. In such contexts, there are significant barriers against implementing uncertainty-based design practices. The research presented in this thesis aims at identifying the role of robust design in general, and geometry assurance in particular, in the early phases of aerospace component design. Further, this thesis proposes a methodology by which geometry assurance practices may be implemented in this setting. The methodology consists of a modelling approach linked to a multidisciplinary simulation environment. In a series of case studies, the methodology is tested in an industrial setting. The capability of the methodology is demonstrated through several applications, in which the effects of geometric variation on the aerodynamic, thermal, and structural performance of a load-bearing turbofan component are analysed. Investigated effects include part variation, fixture variation, part configuration and welding. The proposed methodology overcomes many of the current barriers, making it more feasible to assess geometric variation in the early design phases. Despite some limitations, the methodology contributes to an academic understanding of how to evaluate geometric variation in multidisciplinary simulations and provides a tool for industry. Geometric variation is only one source of uncertainty amongst many others. By evaluating geometric variation against the framework of uncertainty quantification, this thesis addresses the relative importance of geometry assurance against other product development activities.
49.	Bergsjö, Dag Henrik, 1980, et al. (author) A Model to Evaluate Efficiency,Quality, and Innovation through User Satisfaction with Information Management Systems 2007 In: Proceedings of CSER'07. Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract A statistical model for measuring user satisfaction in information management systems is presented. An evaluation of the model is made, based on previous qualitative studies as well as preliminary results of a quantitative data collection. A discussion is made of the fulfilment of statistical assumptions regarding the model. The model is tested by performing an exploratory factor analysis.Further, the future possibilities to perform a partial least squares (PLS) analysis in order to study how the proposed variables relate to user satisfaction, efficiency, information quality and innovation is discussed. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the questionnaire and statistical model by one case study.
50.	Bergsjö, Dag Henrik, 1980 (author) The PLM user perspective: identification of user needs and their organisational impacts 2015 In: International Journal of Product Lifecycle Management. - 1743-5129 .- 1743-5110. ; 8:2, s. 172-187 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This paper concerns the user perspective when implementing and improving PLM in anorganisation. The main issues investigated are how to efficiently identify, collect andprioritise the engineers' need towards PLM. This paper presents results from one qualitativeand one quantitative case study performed at one independent automotive OEM, in Sweden.The case studies show that there are means to collect user-requirements efficiently thatrepresent both the management and the engineering needs of the organisation

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