| 1. |
- Alt Murphy, Margit, 1970, et al.
(författare)
-
An upper body garment with integrated sensors for people with neurological disorders – early development and evaluation
- 2019
-
Ingår i: BMC Biomedical Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2524-4426. ; 1:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To develop a novel wearable garment with integrated sensors for continuous monitoring of physiological and movement related variables to evaluate progression, tailor treatments and improve diagnosis in epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease and stroke. Methods: An iterative development process and evaluation of an upper body garment with integrated sensors included: identification of user needs, specification of technical and garment requirements, garment development and production as well as evaluation of garment design, functionality and usability. The project is a multidisciplinary collaboration with experts from medical, engineering, textile, and material science within the wearITmed consortium. The work was organized in regular meetings, task groups and hands-on workshops. User needs were identified using results from a mixed-methods systematic review, a focus group study and expert groups. Usability was evaluated in 19 individuals (13 controls, 6 patients with Parkinson’s disease) using semi-structured interviews and qualitative content analysis. Results: A prototype designed to monitor movements and heart rate was developed. The garment was well accepted by the users regarding design and comfort, although the users were cautious about the technology and suggested improvements. All electronic components passed a washability test. The most robust data was obtained from accelerometer and gyroscope sensors while the electrodes for heart rate registration were sensitive to motion. artefacts. The algorithm development within the wearITmed consortium has shown promising results. Conclusions: The prototype was accepted by the users. Technical improvements are needed, but preliminary data indicate that the garment has potential to be used as a tool for diagnosis and treatment selection and could provide added value for monitoring seizures in epilepsy, fluctuations in PD and activity levels in stroke. Future work aims to improve the prototype further, develop algorithms, and evaluate the functionality and usability in targeted patient groups. The potential of incorporating blood pressure and heart-rate variability monitoring will also be explored.
|
|
| 2. |
- Berg, Linda, 1961, et al.
(författare)
-
Characterisation of Cancer Support and Rehabilitation Programmes: A Swedish Multiple Case Study
- 2014
-
Ingår i: The open nursing journal. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1874-4346. ; 8, s. 1-7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer support and rehabilitation are suggested to be an integral part of cancer care strategies. This study focuses on comparativeness of cancer support and rehabilitation programmes. The aim of this study was to analyse available cancer support and rehabilitation programmes in Sweden presented as complementary to cancer rehabilitation at cancer clinics. A multiple case study design was chosen in order to inquire the small number of existing supportive and rehabilitative cancer programmes. Based on the structures, processes and outcomes of the nine included programmes, three types of cancer support and rehabilitation programmes were identified: multimodal rehabilitation, comprehensive cancer support and art therapy. Cancer support and rehabilitation programmes offer a variety of activities and therapies which are highly valuable and relevant for people with cancer. The typology of cancer support and rehabilitation programmes and comparability between programmes need further inquiry.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bergman, Penny, et al.
(författare)
-
Age-related decline in senses and cognition: A Review
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Senses and Sciences. - : IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet. - 2284-2489. ; 8:2, s. 1264-1292
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Age-related decline in the senses is well-known, with a decline in the sensitivity of all senses having been observed. Decline in the senses can be connected to different neurological disorders and cognitive function and may even be a possible predictor of death. Aim: The aim of this narrative review was to find and explore recent literature on the covariation between age-related decline in the different senses and co-existing effects on cognitive ability and quality of life. Results and Discussion: Six themes could be identified, these were: “Decline due to normal ageing?”, “Technical aids and solutions”, “Wellbeing”, “Memory training”, “Verbal exercises” and “Sensory training”. Large differences between the different senses were obtained. However, the senses showed similar patterns in the different themes. Conclusion: It could be concluded that there are many similarities concerning the connections between the decline in individual senses and cognition and memory. Measurements of wellbeing and quality of life are common in the evaluation of the senses, and all types of decline have an impact on activities in daily life.
|
|
| 4. |
- Eilertsen, M. E. B., et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of Social Support on Bereaved Siblings' Anxiety: A Nationwide Follow-Up
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing. - : SAGE Publications. - 1043-4542 .- 1532-8457. ; 30:6, s. 301-310
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose:To assess adolescent and young adult siblings' perception of social support prior to and following the loss of their brother or sister to cancer, 2 to 9 years earlier, and their anxiety at follow-up. Method: In 2009, 174 (73%) bereaved siblings (12-25 years) participated in a nationwide, long-term follow-up study in Sweden using an anonymous study-specific questionnaire. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to measure self-assessed anxiety. Results: Siblings had a higher risk of anxiety if they perceived their need for social support was unsatisfied during their brother or sisters' last month before death, relative risk (RR) = 3.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8-7.3); time after death, RR = 2.9 (95% CI = 1.5-5.6); and at follow-up, RR = 3.8 (95% CI = 2.0-7.2). Furthermore, a higher risk for anxiety was shown for siblings if they did not perceive that their parents and neighbors cared for them after their brother or sisters' death, RR = 2.7 (95% CI = 1.3-5.5), RR = 5.4 (95% CI = 1.3-21.9), respectively. Conclusion: Bereaved siblings had a greater probability to report self-assessed anxiety if they perceived that their need for social support was not satisfied prior to and following death. Information from both nurses and other health care professionals to families about the impact of social support may contribute to lessen the siblings' risk of anxiety.
|
|
| 5. |
- Elden, Helen, 1959, et al.
(författare)
-
Demanding and challenging: Men's experiences of living with a pregnant woman with pelvic girdle pain: An interview study
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Clinical Nursing Studies. - : Sciedu Press. - 2324-7940 .- 2324-7959. ; 2:4, s. 17-29
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Pelvic girdle pain (PGP) is a universally disabling condition affecting approximately 50% of pregnant women. Qualitative research describes how PGP leads to struggle in women’s daily lives, makes them question and doubt their roles and identities as professionals and mothers, and test their (marital) relationships. The purpose of this study was to describe men’s experiences of living with a pregnant woman with PGP. Methods: Participants were men whose pregnant partners participated in a project containing both qualitative and quantitative studies in 2009 to 2011. Interviews were conducted in person (n=18) or by telephone (n=8), lasting approximately 20-50 minutes. Sixteen men were interviewed during their wive’s pregnancies (M age = 30 years), eight men were re-interviewed within 12 months postpartum and two men were interviewed only postpartum (26 interviews). Results: Three major categories emerged: having no knowledge of PGP, a period of emotional and physical strain, and merging. Pregnancy in a woman with PGP caused men to alter focus from themselves to their partners and family. They expressed worry, powerlessness, inadequacy, and a need for support. They had to adapt and cope, both demanding and challenging. However, they stressed that relationships with their older children improved, and that they and their partners had succeeded in becoming a team. Conclusions: The findings indicated a need for greater focus from midwives and other health care providers on the psychological impact of PGP on the man/partner. This is important, not only for men but for their respective women as well, whereby men influence their partner’s health.
|
|
| 6. |
- Elden, Helen, 1959, et al.
(författare)
-
Feeling old in a young body: Women’s experiences of living with severe consequences of an obstetric anal sphincter rupture: An interview study.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Clinical Nursing Studies. - : Sciedu Press. - 2324-7940 .- 2324-7959. ; 3:1, s. 20-28
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The incidence of obstetric anal sphincter rupture (OASR) is increasing. It may cause anal incontinence and dyspareunia, leading to reduced quality of life and wellbeing. Qualitative studies are lacking. The aim was to describe experiences of living with ongoing severe consequences of an OASR 8 weeks after childbirth. Method: Twenty women with ongoing severe consequences of an OASR 8 weeks after delivery were interviewed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The experience of complications of an OASR is described in the overall theme ”Feeling old in a young body” and four categories: The body as injured; isolation; inability to function sexually, and anxiety for the future. Participants described how the consequences of OASR totally occupied their lives, making them feel old in a young body. They told of repercussions for their physical, psychological, sexual and social lives; how it affected their roles of mothers and partners, making them fear future childbirths. Diet, use of medicines, coal filters in incontinence pads, timing of toilet visits, use of the environment and mobile phones to conceal flatus and/or feces were strategies participants described. Conclusions: This study can contribute to increased understanding of how women can be affected by an OASR, and may enable healthcare personnel and authorities to meet their needs and organize care so that adequate support is available. It would also be beneficial if the women’s physical strategies were integrated into the information provided by health caregivers involved in follow-up. However, more research in this area is warranted.
|
|
| 7. |
- Elmberg, Johan, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
-
Potential disease transmission from wild geese and swans to livestock, poultry and humans : a review of the scientific literature from a One Health perspective
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Infection Ecology & Epidemiology. - : Taylor & Francis Open: Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial / Co-Action Publishing. - 2000-8686 .- 2000-8686. ; 7:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are more herbivorous waterfowl (swans and geese) close to humans, livestock and poultry than ever before. This creates widespread conflict with agriculture and other human interests, but also debate about the role of swans and geese as potential vectors of disease of relevance for human and animal health. Using a One Health perspective, we provide the first comprehensive review of the scientific literature about the most relevant viral, bacterial, and unicellular pathogens occurring in wild geese and swans. Research thus far suggests that these birds may play a role in transmission of avian influenza virus, Salmonella, Campylobacter, and antibiotic resistance. On the other hand, at present there is no evidence that geese and swans play a role in transmission of Newcastle disease, duck plague, West Nile virus, Vibrio, Yersinia, Clostridium, Chlamydophila, and Borrelia. Finally, based on present knowledge it is not possible to say if geese and swans play a role in transmission of Escherichia coli, Pasteurella, Helicobacter, Brachyspira, Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Microsporidia. This is largely due to changes in classification and taxonomy, rapid development of identification methods and lack of knowledge about host specificity. Previous research tends to overrate the role of geese and swans as disease vectors; we do not find any evidence that they are significant transmitters to humans or livestock of any of the pathogens considered in this review. Nevertheless, it is wise to keep poultry and livestock separated from small volume waters used by many wild waterfowl, but there is no need to discourage livestock grazing in nature reserves or pastures where geese and swans are present. Under some circumstances it is warranted to discourage swans and geese from using wastewater ponds, drinking water reservoirs, and public beaches. Intensified screening of swans and geese for AIV, West Nile virus and anatid herpesvirus is warranted.
|
|
| 8. |
- Flink, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Measuring care transitions in Sweden : validation of the care transitions measure
- 2018
-
Ingår i: International Journal for Quality in Health Care. - : Oxford University Press. - 1353-4505 .- 1464-3677. ; 30:4, s. 291-297
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To translate and assess the validity and reliability of the original American Care Transitions Measure, both the 15-item and the shortened 3-item versions, in a sample of people in transition from hospital to home within Sweden.Design: Translation of survey items, evaluation of psychometric properties.Setting: Ten surgical and medical wards at five hospitals in Sweden.Participants: Patients discharged from surgical and medical wards.Main outcome measure: Psychometric properties of the Swedish versions of the 15-item (CTM-15) and the 3-item (CTM-3) Care Transition Measure.Results: We compared the fit of nine models among a sample of 194 Swedish patients. Cronbach's alpha was 0.946 for CTM-15 and 0.74 for CTM-3. The model indices for CTM-15 and CTM-3 were strongly indicative of inferior goodness-of-fit between the hypothesized one-factor model and the sample data. A multidimensional three-factor model revealed a better fit compared with CTM-15 and CTM-3 one factor models. The one-factor solution, representing 4 items (CTM-4), showed an acceptable fit of the data, and was far superior to the one-factor CTM-15 and CTM-3 and the three-factor multidimensional models. The Cronbach's alpha for CTM-4 was 0.85.Conclusions: CTM-15 with multidimensional three-factor model was a better model than both CTM-15 and CTM-3 one-factor models. CTM-4 is a valid and reliable measure of care transfer among patients in medical and surgical wards in Sweden. It seems the Swedish CTM is best represented by the short Swedish version (CTM-4) unidimensional construct.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Gröndal, Hedvig, 1983-
(författare)
-
Signs of bacteria: Enacting Sore Throat
- 2015
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper I analyse the diagnostic process in relation to bacterial sore throat and how this disease comes into being, or how it is enacted, at two Swedish health centres. The empirical data analysed consist of interviews with nurses and general practioners as well as observations at the health centres. The concept of enactment implies that disease is relationally constituted in and through relations between human and non-human actors. In the paper the relations between health care personnel, bodies, symptoms, instruments, bacteria and other actors are investigated, and I discuss how different enactments of bacterial sore throat come to being depending on how these relations are organized. When doing this the clinical gaze - the diagnosing gaze that interpret signs of an underlying pathology on the patients body – is explored and in relation to the empirical material this gaze is investigated, that is, how it is employed and how it is established in relation to a number of human and non-human actors.
|
|
| 11. |
- Hallvig, D., et al.
(författare)
-
Sleepy driving on the real road and in the simulator - A comparison
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 50, s. 44-50
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sleepiness has been identified as one of the most important factors contributing to road crashes. However, almost all work on the detailed changes in behavior and physiology leading up to sleep related crashes has been carried out in driving simulators. It is not clear, however, to what extent simulator results can be generalized to real driving. This study compared real driving with driving in a high fidelity, moving base, driving simulator with respect to driving performance, sleep related physiology (using electroencephalography and electrooculography) and subjective sleepiness during night and day driving for 10 participants. The real road was emulated in the simulator. The results show that the simulator was associated with higher levels of subjective and physiological sleepiness than real driving. However, both for real and simulated driving, the response to night driving appears to be rather similar for subjective sleepiness and sleep physiology. Lateral variability was more responsive to night driving in the simulator, while real driving at night involved a movement to the left in the lane and a reduction of speed, both of which effects were absent in the simulator. It was concluded that the relative validity of simulators is acceptable for many variables, but that in absolute terms simulators cause higher sleepiness levels than real driving. Thus, generalizations from simulators to real driving must be made with great caution.
|
|
| 12. |
- Hanan, El Malla, et al.
(författare)
-
Adherence to medication : A nation-wide study from the Children's Cancer Hospital, Egypt
- 2013
-
Ingår i: World journal of psychiatry. - : Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.. - 2220-3206. ; 22, s. 62-62
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To investigate adherence to medical regimen and predictors for non-adherence among children with cancer in Egypt.METHODS: We administered two study specific questionnaires to 304 parents of children diagnosed with cancer at the Children's Cancer Hospital in Cairo, Egypt, one before the first chemotherapy treatment and the other before the third. The questionnaires were translated to colloquial Egyptian Arabic, and due, to the high illiteracy level in Egypt an interviewer read the questions in Arabic to each parent and registered the answers. Both questionnaires consisted of almost 90 questions each. In addition, a Case Report Form was filled in from the child's medical journal. The study period consisted of 7 mo (February until September 2008) and we had a participation rate of 97%. Descriptive statistics are presented and Fisher's exact test was used to check for possible differences between the adherent and non-adherent groups. A P-value below 0.05 was considered significant. Software used was SAS version 9.3 for Windows (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, United States).RESULTS: Two hundred and eighty-one (90%) parents answered the second questionnaire, regarding their child's adherence behaviour. Approximately two thirds of the children admitted to their third chemotherapy treatment had received medical recommendations upon discharge from the first or second chemotherapy treatment (181/281, 64%). Sixty-eight percent (123/181) of the parents who were given medical recommendations reported that their child did not follow the recommendations. Two main predictors were found for non-adherence: child resistance (111/123, 90%) and inadequate information (100/123, 81%). In the adherent group, 20% of the parents (n = 12/58) reported trust in their child's doctor while 14 percent 8/58 reported trust in the other health-care professionals. Corresponding numbers for the non-adherent group are 8/123 (7%) for both their child's doctor and other health-care professionals. Almost all of the parents expressed a lack of optimism towards the treatment (116/121, 96%), yet they reported an intention to continue with the treatment for two main reasons, for the sake of their child's life (70%) (P = 0.005) and worry that their child would die if they discontinued the treatment (81%) (P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION: Non-adherence to medical regimen is common among children diagnosed with cancer in Egypt, the main reasons being child resistance and inadequate information.
|
|
| 13. |
- Hanan, El Malla, et al.
(författare)
-
Cancer disclosure-account from a pediatric oncology ward in Egypt
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Psycho-Oncology. - Chichester : Wiley. - 1057-9249 .- 1099-1611. ; 26:5, s. 679-685
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Informing the child about his/her diagnosis and treatment plan is essential; research has shown that it is related to the patient's quality of life and adherence to medication.METHODS: For 7 months during 2008 (February to September), 2 study-specific questionnaires were constructed and administered to 304 parents of children diagnosed with cancer at the Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt.RESULTS: Among the 313 eligible parents of children diagnosed with cancer, 304 (97%) answered the first questionnaire and 281 (92%) answered the second questionnaire. We found that nearly three-quarters (72%) of the parents had their child's cancer diagnosis communicated by the physician. Among the 72%, the rate of the children present with the parent or parents during the disease disclosure conversation was 39% (n = 85/219). The majority of the children were in the age group 5-18 years (55%).CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that cancer disclosure at the Children's Cancer Hospital is to a certain degree common; yet even when disclosure does take place, it is mainly in the absence of the child. Moreover, the information provided during the conversation may not be fully comprehended by the parent or the child because of the physician's misleading use of terms when disclosing the disease. Therefore, better practice should be developed for disease disclosure, and proper communication should be established between the patients and the provider; patient autonomy should also have an influence in the clinical practice.
|
|
| 14. |
- Holmqvist, Gärd, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
-
Expressions of vitality affects and basic affects during art therapy and their meaning for inner change
- 2019
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Art Therapy. - Abingdon : Taylor & Francis. - 1745-4832 .- 1745-4840. ; 24:1, s. 30-39
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe the occurrence of vitality affects and basic affects and to shed light on their importance in terms of patients' inner change through art therapy. In an earlier study, where 17 women were interviewed about inner change through art therapy, a secondary deductive content analysis of images and statements was performed exploring the presence of vitality affects and basic affects. Nine of the 17 interviews contained clear descriptions of vitality affects and basic affects in the intersubjective communication between the patient and the therapist, these affects were also mirrored in the patients’ painted images.Three cases are used to illustrate the result and how affects were related to inner change. These three cases differ from each other in that they described vitality affects either arising from the art therapist’s empathetic verbal or non-verbal response, from a particular experience in nature, or from the interpreted symbolic language of the image. The common denominator uniting the three cases was the intersubjective communication with the therapist. This study indicates that image making in art therapy gives rise to vitality affects and basic affects that contributes to inner change. It also indicates the importance of having trust in both the method and the art therapist.
|
|
| 15. |
- Hua, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
-
The impact of different background noises : effects on cognitive performance and perceived disturbance in employees with aided hearing impairment and normal hearing
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of the American Academy of Audiology. - : American Academy of Audiology. - 1050-0545 .- 2157-3107. ; 25:9, s. 859-868
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Health care professionals frequently meet employees with hearing impairment (HI) who experience difficulties at work. There are indications that the majority of these difficulties might be related to the presence of background noise. Moreover, research has also shown that high-level noise has a more detrimental effect on cognitive performance and self-rated disturbance in individuals with HI than low-level noise.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of different types of background noise on cognitive performance and perceived disturbance (PD) in employees with aided HI and normal hearing.Research Design: A mixed factorial design was conducted to examine the effect of noise in four experimental conditions.Study Sample: A total of 40 participants (21 men and 19 women) were recruited to take part in the study. The study sample consisted of employees with HI (n = 20) and normal hearing (n = 20). The group with HI had a mild-moderate sensorineural HI, and they were all frequent hearing-aid users.Intervention: The current study was conducted by using four general work-related tasks (mental arithmetic, orthographic decoding, phonological decoding, and serial recall) in four different background conditions: (1) quiet, (2) office noise at 56 dBA, (3) daycare noise at 73.5 dBA, and (4) traffic noise at 72.5 dBA. Reaction time and the proportion of correct answers in the working tasks were used as outcome measures of cognitive performance. The Borg CR-10 scale was used to assess PD.Data Collection and Analysis: Data collection occurred on two separate sessions, completed within 4 wk of each other. All tasks and experimental conditions were used in a counterbalanced order. Two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was performed to analyze the results. To examine interaction effects, pairwise t-tests were used. Pearson correlation coefficients between reaction time and proportion of correct answers, and cognitive performance and PD were also calculated to examine the possible correlation between the different variables.Results: No significant between-group or within-group differences in cognitive performance were observed across the four background conditions. Ratings of PD showed that both groups rated PD according to noise level, where higher noise level generated a higher PD. The present findings also demonstrated that the group with HI was more disturbed by higher than lower levels of noise (i.e., traffic and daycare setting compared with office setting). This pattern was observed consistently throughout four working tasks where the group with HI reported a significantly greater PD in the daycare and traffic settings compared with office noise.Conclusions: The present results demonstrate that background noise does not impair cognitive performance in nonauditory tasks in employees with HI and normal hearing, but that PD is affected to a greater extent in employees with HI during higher levels of background noise exposure. In addition, this study also supports previous studies regarding the detrimental effects that high-level noise has on employees with HI. Therefore, we emphasize the need of both self-rated and cognitive measurements in hearing care and occupational health services for both employees with normal hearing and HI.
|
|
| 16. |
- Humble, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
-
Amino acid sequence at the phosphorylated site of rat liver fructose-1,6-diphosphatase and phosphorylation of a corresponding synthetic peptide
- 1979
-
Ingår i: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 90:3, s. 1064-1072
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rat liver fructose-1,6-diphosphatase was phosphorylated with (32P)ATP and the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase from pig muscle. After digestion with pepsin, α-chymotrypsin and subtilisin a peptide with the amino-terminal sequence Ser-Arg-Tyr-(32P)SerP-Leu-Pro-Leu-Pro was isolated. A synthetic unphosphorylated heptapeptide with the same amino acid sequence, ending with leucine, was phosphorylated with an apparent Km of 400 μM, while the apparent Km value for fructose-1,6-diphosphatase was 30 μM (subunit concentration). The Vmax value was 20 times higher for the peptide than for the enzyme.
|
|
| 17. |
- Jakobsson, Sofie, 1968, et al.
(författare)
-
Performance of the Swedish version of the Revised Piper Fatigue Scale.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Oncology Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 1462-3889 .- 1532-2122. ; 17:6, s. 808-13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The Revised Piper Fatigue scale is one of the most widely used instruments internationally to assess cancer-related fatigue. The aim of the present study was to evaluate selected psychometric properties of a Swedish version of the RPFS (SPFS).METHODS: An earlier translation of the SPFS was further evaluated and developed. The new version was mailed to 300 patients undergoing curative radiotherapy. The internal validity was assessed using Principal Axis Factor Analysis with oblimin rotation and multitrait analysis. External validity was examined in relation to the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20 (MFI-20) and in known-groups analyses.RESULTS: Totally 196 patients (response rate = 65%) returned evaluable questionnaires. Principal axis factoring analysis yielded three factors (74% of the variance) rather than four as in the original RPFS. Multitrait analyses confirmed the adequacy of scaling assumptions. Known-groups analyses failed to support the discriminative validity. Concurrent validity was satisfactory.CONCLUSION: The new Swedish version of the RPFS showed good acceptability, reliability and convergent and- discriminant item-scale validity. Our results converge with other international versions of the RPFS in failing to support the four-dimension conceptual model of the instrument. Hence, RPFS suitability for use in international comparisons may be limited which also may have implications for cross-cultural validity of the newly released 12-item version of the RPFS. Further research on the Swedish version should address reasons for high missing rates for certain items in the subscale of affective meaning, further evaluation of the discriminative validity and assessment of its sensitivity in detecting changes over time.
|
|
| 18. |
- Jedel, Elizabeth, et al.
(författare)
-
Differences in personality, perceived stress and physical activity in women with burning mouth syndrome compared to controls.
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Pain. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1877-8860 .- 1877-8879. ; 21:1, s. 183-190
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a long-lasting pain condition which is commonly associated with anxiety symptoms and experience of adverse, stressful life events have been reported by those diagnosed with the syndrome. Stress-related biomarkers have been related to personality traits in BMS and a personality with high stress susceptibility and perceived stress may be of importance. Although biopsychosocial approaches are suggested to manage long-lasting orofacial pain, to date little is known about physical activity in women with BMS. The aim of this study was to investigate if personality, perceived stress and physical activity distinguish women with BMS from controls. Methods Fifty-six women with BMS and 56 controls matched on age and gender completed Swedish universities Scales of Personality (SSP), Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) and a general questionnaire with an item on weekly physical activity frequency. In addition, health-related quality of life was explored by additional questionnaires and reported in a companion article (Jedel et al. Scand J Pain. 2020. PubMed PMID: 32853174). Results SSP subscales Somatic Trait Anxiety, Psychic Trait Anxiety, Stress Susceptibility and Verbal Trait Aggression differed between women with BMS and controls and the personality factor scores for Neuroticism and Aggressiveness were higher. Perceived stress measured by PSQ index was higher for women with BMS compared to controls. Women with BMS reported lower physical activity frequency compared to controls and those reporting physical activity <4 days/week scored higher on PSQ compared to those with weekly physical activity ≥4 days/week. Conclusions Personality distinguished women with BMS from controls in this study. Perceived stress was higher and weekly physical activity was lower in women with BMS compared to controls. Our findings suggest physical activity should be more comprehensively measured in future BMS studies and, by extension, physical activity may be a treatment option for women with BMS. Pain management aiming to restore function and mobility with stress reduction should be considered in clinical decision making for women with BMS who have a personality with stress susceptibility, especially if reporting high perceived stress and insufficient physical activity.
|
|
| 19. |
- Karlsson, Fredrik, Docent, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessment of speech impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease from acoustic quantifications of oral diadochokinetic sequences
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 0001-4966 .- 1520-8524. ; 147:2, s. 839-851
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This investigation aimed at determining whether an acoustic quantification of the oral diadochokinetic (DDK) task may be used to predict the perceived level of speech impairment when speakers with Parkinson's disease (PD) are reading a standard passage. DDK sequences with repeated [pa], [ta], and [ka] syllables were collected from 108 recordings (68 unique speakers with PD), along with recordings of the speakers reading a standardized text. The passage readings were assessed in five dimensions individually by four speech-language pathologists in a blinded and randomized procedure. The 46 acoustic DDK measures were merged with the perceptual ratings of read speech in the same recording session. Ordinal regression models were trained repeatedly on 80% of ratings and acoustic DDK predictors per dimension in 10-folds, and evaluated in testing data. The models developed from [ka] sequences achieved the best performance overall in predicting the clinicians' ratings of passage readings. The developed [pa] and [ta] models showed a much lower performance across all dimensions. The addition of samples with severe impairments and further automation of the procedure is required for the models to be used for screening purposes by non-expert clinical staff.
|
|
| 20. |
- KC, Ashish, 1982, et al.
(författare)
-
Usability, acceptability and feasibility of a novel technology with visual guidance with video and audio recording during newborn resuscitation: a pilot study.
- 2022
-
Ingår i: BMJ health & care informatics. - : BMJ. - 2632-1009. ; 29:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inadequate adherence to resuscitation for non-crying infants will have poor outcome and thus rationalise a need for real-time guidance and quality improvement technology. This study assessed the usability, feasibility and acceptability of a novel technology of real-time visual guidance, with sound and video recording during resuscitation.A public hospital in Nepal.A cross-sectional design.The technology has an infant warmer with light, equipped with a tablet monitor, NeoBeat and upright bag and mask. The tablet records resuscitation activities, ventilation sound, heart rate and display time since birth. Healthcare providers (HCPs) were trained on the technology before piloting.HCPs who had at least 8 weeks of experience using the technology completed a questionnaire on usability, feasibility and acceptability (ranged 1-5 scale). Overall usability score was calculated (ranged 1-100 scale).Among the 30 HCPs, 25 consented to the study. The usability score was good with the mean score (SD) of 68.4% (10.4). In terms of feasibility, the participants perceived that they did not receive adequate support from the hospital administration for use of the technology, mean score (SD) of 2.44 (1.56). In terms of acceptability, the information provided in the monitor, that is, time elapsed from birth was easy to understand with mean score (SD) of 4.60 (0.76).The study demonstrates reasonable usability, feasibility and acceptability of a technological solution that records audio visual events during resuscitation and provides visual guidance to improve care.
|
|
| 21. |
- Lindblad, A, et al.
(författare)
-
Body composition and physical function in healthy community-dwelling older adults in Sweden, a cross-sectional study
- 2014
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Frailty & Aging. - 2260-1341. ; 3:1, s. 65-65
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Limited data are available on body composition (BC) and physical function in healthy adults >80 y, potentially hampering development of reference values. We aimed to study 1) BC and physical function and 2) changes in hand-grip strength over a 4-year period in a community dwelling elderly Swedish population.Methods: Apparently healthy, community-dwelling men (n=51) and women (n=51) aged >83y were measured by Sit to Stand-test, hand grip strength, body height, body weight and BC using a Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (Impedimed). The study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Gothenburg as an addition to Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone (T176-12).Results: Mean age 86.5 y, no age difference between sexes. Men and women performed equally well at the Sit to Stand-test. Men were significantly stronger with a mean HGS of 34.1 kg compared to women of 19.5 kg. 15 % had a BMI below 22 kg/m2. According to skeletal muscle index (SMI) 64 % were assessed as having severe sarcopenia (Cruz-Jentoft et al 2010).Conclusion: In this healthy elderly population BC and physical function was well preserved compared to previous studies, although many were classified as sarcopenic according to current cut-offs. Results from this study can be used as reference values for healthy community-dwelling elderly in high age.
|
|
| 22. |
- Lundgren Nilsson, Åsa, 1965, et al.
(författare)
-
Validation of Fatigue Impact Scale with various item sets – a Rasch analysis
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 41:7, s. 840-846
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Purpose: Fatigue is a symptom in patients with chronic gastrointestinal (GI) and liver diseases. Different instruments have been developed to assess the severity of fatigue and the 40-item Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS) is among the most widely used. Shorter versions of FIS include the 21-item Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), and an eight-item version for everyday use. The study aimed to assess construct validity, reliability, and sufficiency of the raw score of the original FIS with 40 items, and examine the sufficiency of the 21 items from the Modified scale and the eight items of the Daily Fatigue Impact Scale (D-FIS), all of which are embedded in the 40-item scale. Methods: Patients with chronic GI or liver disease (n=354) completed the FIS with 40 items. The majority (57%) was under the age of 55years and approximately half were females (48%). Various item sets of FIS were derived which showed fit to the Rasch model. Results: Local dependency and multidimensionality in FIS and the 21-item Modified scale were resolved with a testlet solution but the D-FIS showed local dependency and multidimensionality and differential item functioning (DIF) still remained. Two new item sets fulfilling unidimensionality and no DIF are suggested, one with 15 items and a six-item scale for daily use. The transformation table shows score-interval scale estimates for all these item sets. Conclusions: Both the FIS and the Modified scale can be used to measure fatigue albeit requiring some adjustment for DIF. The eight-item D-FIS is more problematic, and its summed score is not valid. Alternative 15- and 6-item versions presented in this paper can offer valid summed scores, and the transformation table allows transformation of raw scores and comparisons across all versions.Implications for rehabilitationThe Fatigue Impact Scale and the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale can be used to measure fatigue after adjustments for differential item functioning.Alternative 15- and 6-item versions of Fatigue Impact Scale offer valid summed scores. The summed score for the Daily Fatigue Impact Scale is not valid.A transformation table with raw scores and Rasch transformed interval scale metric makes it possible to compare scores derived from the Fatigue Impact Scale, the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale and the proposed 15- and 6-item versions of Fatigue Impact Scale for research and/or clinical use.
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
- Mirkoska, Vesna, et al.
(författare)
-
Detection of subclinical motor speech deficits after presumed low-grade glioma surgery
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Brain Sciences. - : MDPI. - 2076-3425. ; 13:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Motor speech performance was compared before and after surgical resection of presumed low-grade gliomas. This pre- and post-surgery study was conducted on 15 patients (mean age = 41) with low-grade glioma classified based on anatomic features. Repetitions of /pa/, /ta/, /ka/, and /pataka/ recorded before and 3 months after surgery were analyzed regarding rate and regularity. A significant reduction (6 to 5.6 syllables/s) pre- vs. post-surgery was found in the rate for /ka/, which is comparable to the approximate average decline over 10–15 years of natural aging reported previously. For all other syllable types, rates were within normal age-adjusted ranges in both preoperative and postoperative sessions. The decline in /ka/ rate might reflect a subtle reduction in motor speech production, but the effects were not severe. All but one patient continued to perform within normal ranges post-surgery; one performed two standard deviations below age-appropriate norms pre- and post-surgery in all syllable tasks. The patient experienced motor speech difficulties, which may be related to the tumor’s location in an area important for speech. Low-grade glioma may reduce maximum speech-motor performance in individual patients, but larger samples are needed to elucidate how often the effect occurs.
|
|
| 25. |
- Nordén, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Nutrition impact symptoms and body composition in patients with COPD
- 2014
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- RATIONALE: Anorexia or lack of appetite is common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and may be caused or augmented by several symptoms affecting appetite and eating. We aimed to investigate and quantify the extent of nutrition impact symptoms (NIS) in patients with COPD and to explore relationships between NIS and fat free mass depletion.METHODS: The results in this cross-sectional study are based on 169 COPD patients (62 % females). Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy and the patients reported NIS by two newly developed questionnaires; Eating Symptoms Questionnaire (ESQ) and Disease Related Appetite Questionnaire (DRAQ).RESULTS: Symptoms with the highest prevalence were dry mouth (71%), stomach ache (39%), pain or aches affecting appetite (36%) and constipation (35%). Problems with diarrhoea and feeling affected by smells were more severe among women compared to men (p<0.05). Thirty-six percent of the patients were depleted (FFMI < 15 kg/m² for women and FFMI < 16 kg/m² for men). Depleted patients had more NIS (p<0.05), and also rated appetite and taste of food as worse compared to non-depleted (p < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Nutrition impact symptoms are common in patients with COPD and depleted patients have more severe symptoms. To investigate how these symptoms are best prevented and/or managed and if NIS prevention/treatment can affect development of malnutrition in patients with COPD is a challenge for the future.
|
|
| 26. |
- Oscarson, Mats, 1939
(författare)
-
Emeriti 23 — Vetenskapens seniorer om forskningen, karriären och livet
- 2017
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ny forskning om engelska språket i daglig kommunikation och neonatologins (nyföddhetslärans) makalösa utveckling under senare årtionden. EMERITI, program nr 23, gästas av Karin Aijmer, professor emerita i engelska, samt Ingemar Kjellmer, professor emeritus i pediatrik. Programledare är Mats Oscarson, professor emeritus i pedagogik. /// This Swedish language publication is a video recorded conversation on research and development issues in two academic disciplines at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, i.e. English and Neonathology. Participants are Dr Karin Aijmer, professor emerita in English, Dr Ingemar Kjellmer, professor emeritus in pediatrics, particularly neonathology, and Dr Mats Oscarson, professor emeritus in education, also chair of the discussion and producer of the video manuscript.
|
|
| 27. |
- Peny-Dahlstrand, Marie, 1953, et al.
(författare)
-
Patterns of participation in school-related activities and settings in children with spina bifida
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 35:21, s. 1821-1827
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To evaluate how children with spina bifida (SB) participate in school-related activities and to explore if their motor and process skills in task performance were related to their level of active participation in school. Method: Fifty children from a geographical cohort of children with SB (aged 6-14 years) and their teachers rated the children's frequency of participation in school-related activities using a Swedish adaptation of the Availability and Participation Scale. The teachers also rated each child's level of active participation with the School Function Assessment, part one. Each child's motor and process skills were evaluated with the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills. The relation between levels of active participation and motor and process skills was subjected to binary logistic regression analysis. Results: The children participated very frequently in school activities, but their level of active participation was restricted, particularly in the recess/playground setting. There was a highly significant relation between full active participation in most school settings and the children's motor and process skills. Conclusion: Children with SB need support to become more actively involved, particularly in unstructured peer activities. The school staff need to be informed that not only the motor skills but also the process skills have an impact on the children's active participation.
|
|
| 28. |
- Rothenberg, Elisabet, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
-
Body composition and hand grip strength in healthy community-dwelling older adults in sweden
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Aging Research & Clinical Practice. - 2273-421X. ; 4:1, s. 54-58
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Longevity increases worldwide but there are few studies on body composition and hand grip strength inpopulations over 80 years. Given high prevalence of chronic disease and functional disability in octogenarians, it may be difficult todistinguish effects of ageing from those imposed by disease. The European Consensus definition of sarcopenia recommends usingboth low muscle mass and function for diagnosis.Objectives: Examine body composition and hand grip strength in a selected groupof community-dwelling older adults with high level of functional independence. In addition, longitudinal changes in handgripstrength were examined using previously collected data.Design: Cross-sectional body composition and hand grip strength witha four year retrospective analysis on previously assessed hand grip strength.Setting: Measurements were conducted by homevisits.Participants: 102 community-dwelling 83-96 year-olds, 50 % women.Measurements: Hand grip strength was registered bya dynamometer and body composition analysis using bioimpedance spectroscopy.Results: According to European Consensusdefinition, only 6/102 had normal muscle mass - no men, although 78 % of men and 40 % of women had normal muscle strength.Since previously collected data four years earlier, men had lost strength (p<0.001), while women had not (p=0.202).Conclusions: Subject characteristics and health status support well-preserved body energy, protein stores and muscle strength. Low musclemass was much more prevalent than low muscle strength. Results may give an indication of what constitutes a healthy bodycomposition in oldest old and could serve as a starting point for reference values on healthy body composition in octogenarians.
|
|
| 29. |
- Rothenberg, Elisabet, 1960-
(författare)
-
Body composition and physical function in healthy community-dwelling older adults in Sweden : a cross-sectional study
- 2014
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Limited data are available on body composition (BC) and physical function in healthy adults >80 y, potentially hampering development of reference values. We aimed to study 1) BC and physical function and 2) changes in hand-grip strength over a 4-year period in a community dwelling elderly Swedish population.Methods: Apparently healthy, community-dwelling men (n=51) and women (n=51) aged >83y were measured by Sit to Stand-test, hand grip strength, body height, body weight and BC using a Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (Impedimed). The study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Gothenburg as an addition to Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone (T176-12).Results: Mean age 86.5 y, no age difference between sexes. Men and women performed equally well at the Sit to Stand-test. Men were significantly stronger with a mean HGS of 34.1 kg compared to women of 19.5 kg. 15 % had a BMI below 22 kg/m2. According to skeletal muscle index (SMI) 64 % were assessed as having severe sarcopenia (Cruz-Jentoft et al 2010).Conclusion: In this healthy elderly population BC and physical function was well preserved compared to previous studies, although many were classified as sarcopenic according to current cut-offs. Results from this study can be used as reference values for healthy community-dwelling elderly in high age.
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
|
|
| 33. |
- Stiernman, Mia, et al.
(författare)
-
Scores of the cleft hearing, appearance and speech questionnaire (CHASQ) in Swedish participants with cleft lip and/or cleft palate and a control population
- 2021
-
Ingår i: The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal. - Lawrence : SAGE Publications. - 1055-6656 .- 1545-1569. ; 58:3, s. 347-353
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether there was any difference in scores of the Cleft Hearing, Appearance and Speech Questionnaire (CHASQ) between patients with cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) and a control population. The second aim was to compare CL/P and control population scores in this study with a British norm CL/P population.DESIGN: Single-site, cross-sectional study with an age-matched control population.SETTING: Participants were recruited from a hospital, a school, and a sports club. They answered the CHASQ in the hospital or at home.PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-four participants with CL/P (7-19 years of age) and a control population of 56 participants without CL/P (9-20 years of age).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: CHASQ.RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in satisfaction with cleft-related features between the CL/P and the control population. Participants with CL/P were significantly more satisfied with non-cleft-related features than the control population. Cleft Hearing, Appearance and Speech Questionnaire scores were also similar to earlier established British normative data of a CL/P population.CONCLUSION: The results indicated that children and young people with CL/P were as satisfied with their appearance, hearing, and speech as children and young people without CL/P. Swedish CHASQ scores were also similar to British scores.
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
- Wassenius, Ola, et al.
(författare)
-
Variability in Skin Exposure in Machine Operators Exposed to Cutting Fluids
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 24:2, s. 125 - 129
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. This study describes a new technique for measuring skin exposure to cutting fluids and evaluates the variability of skin exposure among machine operators performing cyclic (repetitive) work. Methods. The technique is based on video recording and subsequent analysis of the videotape by means of computer-synchronized video equipment. The time intervals at which the machine operator's hand was exposed to fluid were registered, and the total wet time of the skin was calculated by assuming different evaporation times for the fluid. The exposure of twelve operators with different work methods was analyzed in six different workshops, which included a range of machine types, from highly automated metal cutting machines (ie, actual cutting and chip removal machines) requiring operator supervision to conventional metal cutting machines, where the operator was required to maneuver the machine and manually exchange products. Results; the relative wet time varied between 0% and 100%. A significant association between short cycle time and high relative wet time was noted. However, there was no relationship between the degree of automatization of the metal cutting machines and wet time. Conclusions. The study shows that skin exposure to cutting fluids can vary considerably between machine operators involved in manufacturing processes using different types of metal cutting machines. The machine type was not associated with dermal wetness. The technique appears to give objective information about dermal wetness. A comment: This publication is a result of a cooperation between the authors at Chalmers University of Technology and Gothenburg University, i.e. between the Department of Transportation and the Department of Occupational Health and the Department of Sociology.
|
|
| 36. |
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
| 40. |
- Olsson, Helen, et al.
(författare)
-
Violence risk assessment in clinical practice: How forensic nurses experience violence risk assessment in daily work -A qualitative interview study
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Global Journal of Health Science. - Canada : Canadian Center of Science and Education. - 1916-9736 .- 1916-9744. ; 9:12, s. 56-63
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The legislation of Swedish forensic psychiatric care states that the risk of further violence must be assessed before a patient is granted release from a forensic psychiatric hospital. The aim of the study was to describe the experiences of forensic nurses with in-patient risk assessment processes, and their implication for daily clinical forensic praxis.Method: Semi-structured interviews with staff who were involved in the patients risk assessment process. The interview texts were analyzed using qualitative latent content analysis.Discussion: The forensic nursing staff has to deal with many contradictory realities. The description was about being able to balance between supporting their work with an EBP approach of risk assessment while trying to establish interpersonal relationships and to allow for positive meetings with the patient. The study indicated that staff used a multiple sources of knowledge in order to make credible and accurate risk assessments.Conclusions: If the risk assessment process are to be used in a legally secure manner, the staff must receive regular support from team leadership that can provide both guidance and training. Based on a holistic approach, the link between the instinct of staff and their work with structured risk assessment must be founded on routines and solid platforms.
|
|
| 41. |
- Tillmar, Andreas O., et al.
(författare)
-
Choosing supplementary markers in forensic casework
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Forensic Science International-Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-4973 .- 1878-0326. ; 13, s. 128-133
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The vast majority of human familial identifications based on DNA end up with a well founded conclusion, normally using a standard set of genetic short tandem repeat (STR) loci. There are, however, a proportion of cases that show ambiguous results. For such occasions a number of different supplementary markers could be typed in order to gain further information. There are numerous markers available for such supplementary DNA typing, including STRs, deletion and insertion polymorphisms (DIPs), and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The purpose of this work was to describe a precise method for decision making, aiming to aid the comparison of different sets of markers for different case scenarios in order to find the most efficient set for routine casework. Comparisons are based on a particular function relating the expected additional value of information from new data to the amount of information already obtained from initial data. The function can be computed approximately by approximating likelihood-based error rates using simulation. In this paper we focused on paternity investigations, more specifically the use of supplementary markers in cases where a smaller number of genetic inconsistencies make the matter inconclusive. We applied the method to a comparison of three different kits: Investigator HDplex (STRs), Investigator DIPplex (DIPs), and the SNPforID-plex (SNPs) to study their efficiencies in gaining information in different case scenarios involving various alternative relationships between the tested man and the tested child. We show that the Investigator HDplex was the most efficient set of supplementary markers for the standard paternity case. However, for paternity cases with a close relative being the alternative father, the Investigator HDplex and the SNPforID-plex showed similar patterns in their ability to deliver a well-founded conclusion. The Investigator DIPplex was the least efficient set.
|
|
| 42. |
- Trägårdh, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Risk Profiles of Female Perpetrators of Severe Violence
- 2019
-
Ingår i: 13th Nordic Symposium on Forensic Psychiatry. August 20-22, Gothenburg, Sweden.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Female offenders without a severe mental disorder show more criminogenic factors than those with. Both groups are characterized by mental health problems. We need to further characterize female offenders. Background Offenders of lethal/severe violence are in a majority of cases male, about 90% (Falk et al., 2014), and research has to a considerable extent focused on male violent offenders. Although less is known about female violent offenders than male offenders, previous research has indicated significant differences between male and female offenders of lethal/severe violence (Trägårdh et al., 2016; Yourstone et al., 2008). Since a majority of female perpetrators of lethal violence undergo a forensic psychiatric investigation (RPU/FPI), these documents contains important information about this group. Purpose The aim of this ongoing study is to characterize female perpetrators of severe violent crimes, and to compare female perpetrators sentenced to forensic psychiatric compulsory care with those sentenced to correctional treatment. Method This is an exploratory and descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. All forensic evaluations (FPI) made in Sweden between 2000-2014 (from The National Board of Forensic Medicine/RMV), and the subsequent court verdicts, in cases where women had used lethal/severe violence (n≈180) where used as the basis for data collection in this study. The present preliminary analyses (2-tests and ANOVA) contains approx. 26% (n=47) of the total group. Group differences were investigated regarding: Mental health (FPI) Risk factors (HCR-20 and PCL-R) Victim relation (FPI) Criminal behavior (FPI) Results Female offenders with and without a Severe mental disorder (SMD) seems to differ in some respects. For female offenders with a SMD, the crime was more likely to have been conducted in a less criminal context (see Table). For female offenders without a SMD, the following characteristics were more frequently present: Victim gender – male Substance abuse + Under the influence of substance (offender and victim) Previous violence between victim and offender Previous registered criminality Also, several common features between the SMD and non-SMD group of female offenders were found. The majority of all female offenders had: Previous psychiatric contact and diagnoses Previously attempted suicide No previously registered criminality Conclusions Preliminary results of the female perpetrators who had underwent a FPI seems to identify both substantial differences and similarities between those with versus without a SMD, where those without show more criminogenic factors. Both groups were also characterized by a high amount of mental illness. Also, these results supports previous research that female and male offenders of severe violence differ in important ways. Since a majority of female perpetrators of lethal violence undergo a forensic psychiatric investigation, these results should be generalizable to this group as a whole in Sweden. Based on these results, a great need to further characterize female offenders of severe/lethal violence remain.
|
|
| 43. |
- Falk Erhag, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Introduction
- 2022
-
Ingår i: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Capability in Age and Ageing. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030780654
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In 2020, for the first time in history, there were more people in the world aged 60 years and over than there were children below the age of 5 years. The population aged over 65 years is projected to increase from one billion in 2019 to more than two billion in 2050, and those aged over 80 years are projected to increase from 143 to 426 million, with the largest increase occurring in the developing world (UN World Population Prospects, 2019). This demographic trend constitutes the largest global health challenge, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). The European Union has set it as one of the major challenges in Horizon 2020 and it has important societal implications (European Commission, 2020). The proportion of retired individuals will increase, leading to an increased ratio between those who have exited the workforce and those still active in the labour market. Thus, ageing represents a global societal and scientific challenge requiring integrated efforts, multidisciplinary translational research approaches and social innovations that build on ideas of potentials and capabilities, emphasising the value of old age.
|
|
| 44. |
- Gustafsson, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-term outcome for ADL following the health-promoting RCT-Elderly persons in the risk zone
- 2013
-
Ingår i: The Gerontologist. - : Oxford University Press. - 0016-9013 .- 1758-5341. ; 53:4, s. 654-663
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To examine independence in activities of daily living (ADL) at the 1- and 2-year followups of the health-promoting study Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone. Design and Method: A randomized, three-armed, single-blind, and controlled study. A representative sample of 459 independent and community-dwelling older adults, 80 years and older, were included. A preventive home visit was compared with four weekly multiprofessional senior group meetings including a follow-up home visit. Results: Analysis showed a significant difference in favor of the senior meetings in postponing dependence in ADL at the 1-year follow-up (odds ratio [OR] = 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19-3.10) and also in reducing dependence in three (OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.31-0.86) and four or more ADL (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.22-0.72) at the 2-year follow-up. A preventive home visit reduced dependence in two (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.24-0.68) and three or more ADL (OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.17-0.80) after 1 year. Implications: A long-term evaluation of Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone showed that both senior meetings and a preventive home visit reduced the extent of dependence in ADL after 1 year. The senior meetings were superior to a preventive home visit since additional significant effects were seen after 2 years. To further enhance the long-term effects of the senior meetings and support the process of self-change in health behavior, it is suggested that booster sessions might be a good way of reinforcing the intervention.
|
|
| 45. |
|
|
| 46. |
|
|
| 47. |
- Kiadaliri, Ali
(författare)
-
Psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-5L in patients with knee or hip osteoarthritis : confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. - 1063-4584. ; 32:Suppl 1, s. 196-197
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose (the aim of the study): There is limited evidence on psychometric properties of EQ-5D-5L among people with osteoarthritis (OA) undertaking non-surgical treatment. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-5L among individuals with knee or hip OA participating in a digitally delivered education and exercise therapy.Methods: Secondary analysis of data obtained from individuals aged 40+ years participating in the digital treatment during the year 2021 with the responses to EQ-5D-5L at enrolment. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with the weighted least square mean and variance adjusted estimator was used to assess dimensionality. Local independency assumption was assessed using residual correlations between item pairs with r>0.2 as violation of the assumption. Monotonicity was evaluated using Mokken analysis. Item response theory was implemented by generalized partial credit model. The item parameters (discrimination and difficulty) were estimated using the maximum marginal likelihood estimation. Targeting was assessed by inspecting the item-person map (the Wright map). Differential item functioning (DIF) by sex, age (≤65 years vs. >65 years) and OA site (knee vs. hip) were assessed and items with a McFadden pseudo-R2 change of ≥0.02 were flagged for potential DIF. All analyses were conducted in RStudio version 2022.02.0.Results: A total of 16,200 individuals with mean (standard deviation) age 64.3 (9.1), 74.0% females and 59.6% with knee OA were included. The included subjects reported 609 of the 3,125 possible health profiles of the EQ-5D-5L with slight or moderate problems with pain/discomfort dimension and no problems on the other dimensions (i.e. profiles “11121” and “11131”) being the first and second most common profiles (9.4% and 4.4% of respondents, respectively). CFA confirmed the unidimensionality of the EQ-5D-5L with factor loading ranged from 0.49 for anxiety/depression to 0.85 for usual activity dimensions, and an average variance extracted of 0.53 suggesting adequate convergent validity. Local independence and monotonicity assumptions were met. The fit statistics suggested an adequate fit of IRT model. Among five dimensions, pain/discomfort was the most affected (least difficult to endorse) while self-care was the least affected (most difficult to endorse). No disordered response thresholds were identified. EQ-5D-5L showed adequate reliability (>0.7) over a wide range of the underlying trait (76.4% of total information were within -1 to 4 standard deviation of average level of poor HRQoL) with an overall reliability of 0.80 (Figure 1). Usual activity and anxiety/depression were the most and least informative items. Inspecting the item-person map (Figure 2) suggested that while EQ-5D-5L covered the full range of HRQoL levels in the sample, it targeted, on average, a poorer HRQoL than experienced by the participants in the study. No DIF (uniform or nonuniform) was detected.Conclusions: The EQ-5D-5L demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties among subjects with hip or knee OA participating in a digital education and exercise therapy. These results support the use of EQ-5D-5L among people with less severe knee or hip OA.
|
|
| 48. |
- Larsson, Simon B., et al.
(författare)
-
Self-reported symptom severity, general health, and impairment in post-acute phases of COVID-19: retrospective cohort study of Swedish public employees
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to examine current symptom severity and general health in a sample of primarily non-hospitalized persons with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed COVID-19 in comparison to PCR negative controls. During the first quarter of 2021, we conducted an online survey among public employees in West Sweden, with a valid COVID-19 test result. The survey assessed past-month severity of 28 symptoms and signs, self-rated health, the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 and illness severity at the time of test. We linked participants' responses to their SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests results. We compared COVID-19 positive and negative participants using univariable and multivariable regression analyses. Out of 56,221 invited, 14,222 (25.3%) responded, with a response rate of 50% among SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals. Analysis included 10,194 participants (86.4% women, mean age 45 years) who tested positive 4-12 weeks (N = 1425; subacute) and > 12 weeks (N = 1584; postcovid) prior to the survey, and 7185 PCR negative participants who did not believe that they had had COVID-19. Symptoms were highly prevalent in all groups, with worst symptoms in subacute phase participants, followed by postcovid phase and PCR negative participants. The most specific symptom for COVID-19 was loss of smell or taste. Both WHODAS 2.0 score and self-rated health were worst in subacute participants, and modestly worse in postcovid participants than in negative controls. Female gender, older age and acute illness severity had larger effects on self-rated health and WHODAS 2.0 score in PCR positive participants than in PCR negative. Studies with longer follow-up are needed to determine the long-term improvement after COVID-19.
|
|
| 49. |
- Marcheschi, Elizabeth, 1980, et al.
(författare)
-
To come home after a stroke: patients' early experiences of health and recovery in their home settings
- 2018
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Healthcare systems and services for stroke patients are increasingly performed within home settings where both, people with moderate and severe disability can receive care. However, at present little knowledge is available in regard to early stroke phases and how the interaction with the physical environment of home settings might affect rehabilitation outcomes. The aim of this work was thus, to increase our understanding in regard to the interplay between home settings and people’s rehabilitation process, a month after stroke onset. A cross-sectional interdisciplinary investigation was conducted using validated measures in face-to-face interviews and by observing the participants’ interactions with their home settings. People with stroke (N = 16) that had a mild disability, and cognitive and communicative abilities to participate in an interview of approximately 2 hours, were recruited in the study and their data was collected within 4 to 7 weeks after stroke onset. Information was collected in regard to their experience of the physical and social home environment, their attachment to place, self-efficacy and the quality of continuity of care from the hospital to the home. Moreover, data about their recovery and overall health were collected with, Stroke Impact Scale and the EQ-5D. Preliminary results suggests the existence of a relation between recovery levels, self-efficacy and the perceived quality of the physical environment of home settings. More detailed results and their implication for early rehabilitation phases of stroke patients within home settings will be discussed.
|
|
| 50. |
- Morris, Ann, 1964, et al.
(författare)
-
Professional´s skills in assment of perineal tears after childbirth - a systematic review
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - 2160-8792 .- 2160-8806. ; 2013:3, s. 7-15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Perineal tears are one of the most common complications of vaginal births and may cause discomfort and pain long time after childbirth. Visual and digital examination of perineal tears is the most common way to assess and classify a perineal tear. Recent research indicates that many tears diagnosed are misclassified. The aim of this systematic literature review was to outline research that investigates healthcare professionals’ clinical knowledge in assessment and classification of perineal tears in connection with childbirth. Searches were performed in PubMed and CINAHL. Six studies on the topic were identified and used to collect data for questionnaires. An integrative review was used in the analysis. Poor knowledge in perineal anatomy and lack of training in clinical assessment and classification of perineal trauma was evident among both physicians and midwives. These findings indicate that healthcare providers lack adequate knowledge and that they make incorrect assessments and errors in classification of perineal tears. The training in assessment and classification is crucial. Midwives are in a unique position to improve the standard of care in this field since they are often the first and many times the only to assess the injury.
|
|
