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1.	Klompstra, Leonie, 1982- (författare) Physical activity in patients with heart failure : motivations, self-efficacy and the potential of exergaming 2016 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Background: Adherence to recommendations for physical activity is low in patients with heart failure (HF). It is essential to explore to what extent and why patients with HF are physically active. Self-efficacy and motivation for physical activity are important in becoming more physically active, but the role of self-efficacy in the relationship between motivation and physical activity in patients with HF is unknown. Alternative approaches to motivate and increase self-efficacy to exercise are needed. One of these alternatives might be using exergames (games to improve physical exercise). Therefore, it is important to obtain more knowledge on the potential of exergaming to increase physical activity.The overall aim was to describe the physical activity in patients with HF, with special focus on motivations and self-efficacy in physical activity, and to describe the potential of exergaming to improve exercise capacity.Methods: Study I (n = 154) and II (n = 101) in this thesis had a cross-sectional survey design. Study III (n = 32) was a 12-week pilot intervention study, including an exergame platform at home, with a pretest-posttest design. Study IV (n = 14) described the experiences of exergaming in patients who participated in the intervention group of a randomized controlled study in which they had access to an exergame platform at home.Results: In total, 34% of the patients with HF had a low level of physical activity, 46% had a moderate level, 23% reported a high level. Higher education, higher selfefficacy, and higher motivation were significantly associated with a higher amount of physical activity. Barriers to exercise were reported to be difficult to overcome and psychological motivations were the most important motivations to be physically active. Women had significantly higher total motivation to be physically active. Self-efficacy mediated the relationship between exercise motivation and physical activity; motivation leads to a higher self-efficacy towards physical activity.More than half of the patients significantly increased their exercise capacity after 12 weeks of using an exergame platform at home. Lower NYHA-class and shorter time since diagnosis were factors significantly related to the increase in exercise capacity. The mean time spent exergaming was 28 minutes per day. Having grandchildren and being male were related to more time spent exergaming.The analysis of the qualitative data resulted in three categories describing patients’ experience of exergaming: (i) making exergaming work, (ii) added value of exergaming, (iii) no appeal of exergaming.Conclusion: One-third of the patients with HF had a low level of physical activity in their daily life. Level of education, exercise self-efficacy, and motivation were important factors to take into account when advising patients with HF about physical activity. In addition to a high level of motivation to be physically active, it is important that patients with HF have a high degree of exercise self-efficacy.Exergaming has the potential to increase exercise capacity in patients with HF. The results also showed that this technology might be suitable for some patients while others may prefer other kinds of physical activity.
2.	Svanberg, Mikael, 1958-, et al. (författare) Impact of emotional distress and pain-related fear on patients with chronic pain : Subgroup analysis of patients referred to multimodal rehabilitation 2017 Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Foundation for Rehabilitation Information. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 49:4, s. 354-361 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: Multimodal rehabilitation programmes (MMRP) for chronic pain could be improved by determining which patients do not benefit fully. General distress and pain-related fear may explain variations in the treatment effects of MMRP.Design: Cohort study with a cross-sectional, prospective part.Patients: Chronic musculoskeletal pain patients referred to 2 hospital-based pain rehabilitation clinics.Methods: The cross-sectional part of this study cluster analyses patients (n = 1,218) with regard to distress and pain-related fear at first consultation in clinical pain rehabilitation and describes differences in external variables between clusters. The prospective part follows the subsample of patients (n = 260) participating in MMRP and describes outcome post-treatment.Results: Four distinct subgroups were found: (i) those with low levels of distress and pain-related fear; (ii) those with high levels of pain-related fear; (iii) those with high levels of distress; and (iv) those with high levels of distress and pain-related fear. These subgroups showed differences in demographics, pain characteristics, quality of life, and acceptance, as well as the degree of MMRP participation and MMRP outcome.Conclusion: Among patients with chronic pain referred to MMRP there are subgroups with different profiles of distress and pain-related fear, which are relevant to understanding the adaptation to pain and MMRP outcome. This knowledge may help us to select patients and tailor treatment for better results.
3.	Rizzi, Maria C, et al. (författare) The potential of different countermeasures to prevent injuries with high risk of health loss among bicyclists in Sweden 2020 Ingår i: Traffic Injury Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1538-9588 .- 1538-957X. ; 21:3, s. 215-221 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: As bicyclists account for the largest share of serious injuries in Sweden, focus to improve safety for bicyclists is needed. While knowledge about fatal bicycle crashes is rather extensive, the number of studies that have investigated non-fatal injuries is still rather limited. The aim of this study was to estimate the potential of different countermeasures to reduce crashes resulting in injuries with high risk of health-loss among cyclists in Sweden. A further aim was to describe the residual—that is, crashes that were not considered to be addressed by the analyzed countermeasures. Methods: A sample of individuals with specific injury diagnoses was drawn from the Swedish national crash database Strada. A survey form was used to collect additional information about the crash and the health-related outcomes. The potential of countermeasures currently included in the Swedish Safety Performance Indicators, as well as of countermeasures that could be described as “existing but not fully implemented” was assessed. The overall potential of all countermeasures assessed was calculated, giving a grand total without double counting. Cases that were considered not to be addressed by any of the countermeasures included (i.e., the residual crashes) were described in more detail. Results: The current Swedish Safety Performance Indicators that relate to safe cycling addressed 22% of crashes. Improved maintenance by deicing and removal of snow from bicycle infrastructure was found to have the highest potential (8%), followed by improved crashworthiness of passenger cars (5%) and safer bicycle crossings (4%). The potential for existing but not fully implemented safety improvements was 56%. The greatest potential was found for Autonomous Emergency Braking with cyclist detection for passenger cars (12%), followed by studded winter tyres for bicycles (12%), and improved maintenance on non-bicycle infrastructure (11%). In total, taking double counting into consideration, all safety improvements could address 64% of all crashes. Among the residual crashes, the majority (69%) were single bicycle crashes of which most were related to wheel locking during braking and losing balance at low speed or stationary. Conclusions: Compared with fatal crashes that involve a majority of bicycle-car crashes, the crashes leading to health-loss are mostly single bicycle crashes. Therefore, innovation and development of additional countermeasures to improve safety for bicyclists should focus on single bicycle crashes.
4.	Fröberg, Andreas, 1985, et al. (författare) Awareness of current recommendations and guidlines regarding strength training for youth 2014 Ingår i: International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0334-0139 .- 2191-0278. ; 26:4, s. 517-523 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Aim: Physical conditioning of youth has always been a controversial topic as it raises ethical, physiological, and medical issues. Current recommendations and guidelines suggest that strength training is a relatively safe and worthwhile method in conditioning youth. This, however, requires well-informed coaches who follow age-appropriate strength training recommendations and guidelines, compiles well-designed strength training programs, and provides qualified supervision and instructions. The purpose of this study was to investigate coaches’ awareness of current recommendations and guidelines regarding strength training for youth.Method: A total of 39 football (US: soccer) coaches (34 males and 5 females) training boys in age groups 8–12 years were included in this study. Data were collected using an attitude statement questionnaire, and the assertions were based upon current recommendations and guidelines.Results: The results revealed significant differences among coaches in terms of knowledge of important aspects of strength training for youth.Conclusions: The results suggested that coaches in the present study were not aware of the latest recommendations and guidelines regarding strength training for youth.
5.	Fröberg, Andreas, 1985, et al. (författare) Combinations of Epoch Durations and Cut-Points to Estimate Sedentary Time and Physical Activity Among Adolescents 2017 Ingår i: Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1091-367X .- 1532-7841. ; 21:3, s. 154-160 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The purpose of the current study was to investigate how combinations of different epoch durations and cut-points affect the estimations of sedentary time and physical activity in adolescents. Accelerometer data from 101 adolescents were derived and 30 combinations were used to estimate sedentary time, light, moderate, vigorous, and combined moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Data were analyzed with repeated measurement analyses of variance. Large differences of sedentary time and times of different physical activity intensities were observed between 1 s and longer epoch durations using virtually all cut-points. Generally, sedentary time, moderate physical activity, vigorous physical activity, and combined moderate-to-vigorous physical activity progressively decreased, whereas light physical activity increased with longer epoch durations. The extreme differences between cut-points were large and increased with longer epoch durations for sedentary time and for all physical activity intensities except for vigorous physical activity per epoch duration. Caution is required when cross-comparing studies using different epoch durations and cut-points. To accurately register adolescents’ spontaneous intermittent physical activity behavior, short epoch durations are recommended.
6.	Kahlin, Yvonne, et al. (författare) Physical self-esteem and personality traits in Swedish physically inactive female high school students : an intervention study 2016 Ingår i: International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0334-0139 .- 2191-0278. ; 28:4, s. 363-372 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND: Physical activity provides fundamental health benefits and plays a positive role in physical well-being. The aim of this present study was to investigate whether a 6-month physical activity program could influence physical self-esteem and frequency of physical activity in physically inactive female high school students in short- and long-term periods and whether personality traits were related to physical activity behaviour and compliance with the program. METHODS: The study was a cluster-randomised controlled intervention study including 104 physically inactive female high school students aged 16-19 years, 60 females in an intervention group and 44 females in a control group. The intervention group exercised at sport centres at least once per week during a 6-month period. Questionnaires were used for evaluation. RESULTS: At a 6-month follow up, the intervention group improved physical self-perception in all subdomains and significantly improved physical condition, physical self-worth and self-related health compared to the control group. At 1-year follow up, 25 females out of 53 females were still physically active, and all ratings remained almost the same as at the 6-month follow up. There were no particular personality traits that were dominant in the groups. CONCLUSION: A 6-month physical activity program can positively influence physical self-esteem and the frequency of physical activity, both from a short- and long-term perspective.
7.	Brogårdh, Christina, et al. (författare) Shortened constraint-induced movement therapy in subacute stroke - no effect of using a restraint : a randomized controlled study with independent observers 2009 Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Stiftelsen Rehabiliteringsinformation. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 41:4, s. 231-236 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: To examine the effect of using a mitt during shortened constraint-induced movement therapy for patients in the subacute phase after stroke.Subjects: Twenty-four patients with stroke (mean age 57.6 (standard deviation 8.5) years; average 7 weeks post-stroke) with mild to moderate impaired hand function.Methods: The patients were randomized to mitt use or no mitt use on the less affected hand for 90% of waking hours for 12 days. All patients received 3 h of arm and hand training per day for 2 weeks. Assessments were made by blinded observers using the modified Motor Assessment Scale, the Sollerman hand function test, the 2-Point Discrimination test and Motor Activity Log test.Results: Patients in both groups showed significant improvements in arm and hand motor performance and on self-reported motor ability after 2 weeks of therapy and at 3 months follow-up. However, no statistically significant differences between the groups were found in any measures at any point in time.Conclusion: In this study, no effect of using a restraint in patients with subacute stroke was found. Thus, this component in the constraint-induced therapy concept seems to be of minor importance for the outcome.
8.	Fältström, Anne, et al. (författare) Functional Performance Among Active Female Soccer Players After Unilateral Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Compared With Knee-Healthy Controls 2017 Ingår i: American Journal of Sports Medicine. - : Sage Publications. - 0363-5465 .- 1552-3365. ; 45:2, s. 377-385 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Good functional performance with limb symmetry is believed to be important to minimize the risk of injury after a return to pivoting and contact sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).Purpose: This study aimed to investigate any side-to-side limb differences in functional performance and movement asymmetries in female soccer players with a primary unilateral anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)–reconstructed knee and to compare these players with knee-healthy controls from the same soccer teams.Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods: This study included 77 active female soccer players at a median of 18 months after ACLR (interquartile range [IQR], 14.5 months; range, 7-39 months) and 77 knee-healthy female soccer players. The mean age was 20.1 ± 2.3 years for players with an ACL-reconstructed knee and 19.5 ± 2.2 years for controls. We used a battery of tests to assess postural control (Star Excursion Balance Test) and hop performance (1-legged hop for distance, 5-jump test, and side hop). Movement asymmetries in the lower limbs and trunk were assessed with the drop vertical jump and the tuck jump using 2-dimensional analyses.Results: The reconstructed and uninvolved limbs did not differ in any of the tests. In the 5-jump test, players with an ACL-reconstructed knee performed worse than controls (mean 8.75 ± 1.05 m vs 9.09 ± 0.89 m; P = .034). On the drop vertical jump test, the ACL-reconstructed limb had significantly less knee valgus motion in the frontal plane (median 0.028 m [IQR, 0.049 m] vs 0.045 m [IQR, 0.043 m]; P = .004) and a lower probability of a high knee abduction moment (pKAM) (median 69.2% [IQR, 44.4%] vs 79.8% [IQR, 44.8%]; P = .043) compared with the control players’ matched limb (for leg dominance). Results showed that 9% to 49% of players in both groups performed outside recommended guidelines on the different tests. Only 14 players with an ACL-reconstructed knee (18%) and 15 controls (19%) had results that met the recommended guidelines for all 5 tests (P = .837).Conclusion: The reconstructed and uninvolved limbs did not differ, and players with an ACL-reconstructed knee and controls differed only minimally on the functional performance tests, indicating similar function. It is worth noting that many players with an ACL-reconstructed knee and controls had movement asymmetries and a high pKAM pattern, which have previously been associated with an increased risk for both primary and secondary ACL injury in female athletes.
9.	Osvalder, Anna-Lisa, 1961 (författare) Evaluation of upright posture effects and user experience of the Swedish Posture Flexi harness 2018 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract An upright posture positively affect body language and well-being. A body support that reminds how to sit, stand or walk upright could be a valuable tool for posture correction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate upright posture effects and user experience of the Flexi supportive posture harness with eight test subjects (3 males & 5 females, age 25-57 years) during six weeks. Questionnaires and interviews were used as data collection methods. The results showed that the harness was a useful tool for supporting an upright posture and providing awareness of how to position the body when sitting, standing or walking. It gradually every week improved an upright posture by strengthen the back and core muscles. The harness provided symmetrical loadings on the shoulders and upper back, improved shoulder alignment and contributed to increased satisfaction of body language. Comfort and acceptance of the harness increased over time. A recommendation is that if you want to learn how to position your body correctly in an upright posture by activating the back, core and shoulder muscles an elastic support harness is a useful tool for this. It is important to state in the instruction manual that the harness should be used a number of times each week for 1-2 hours for at least one month to achieve posture learning effects.
10.	Peterson, Gunnel, 1959- (författare) Neck muscle function in individuals with persistent pain and disability after whiplash injury 2016 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Background: Neck pain and disability are common after whiplash injury. One year after the accident up to 50 % still have symptoms called whiplash associated disorders (WAD). Despite decades of research the cause of persistent pain and disability are largely unknown and effective treatment and diagnostic tools are lacking. Altered neck muscle function may cause pain and disability, and real-time non-invasive methods that investigate both superficial and deep neck muscle function need to be evaluated.Aim: The general aim of the work presented in this thesis was to investigate mechanical neck muscle function and evaluate effects of three different exercise interventions related to neck muscle function in individuals with persistent pain and disability after whiplash injury.Method: The thesis comprised two studies, reported in four papers. Study A was a prospective randomized controlled trail with 216 participants. The effects of three exercise interventions; neck-specific exercises, neck-specific exercises with behavioral approach and prescription of physical activity were evaluated. Neck muscle endurance, perceived pain following testing, kinesiophobia and satisfaction with treatment were compared between the three groups (paper I). Study B was an experimental case-control study with participants consecutively recruited from the randomized controlled trial. Deformation and deformation rates in the neck muscles were investigated with real-time ultrasound imaging during ten repetitive arm elevations (paper II-IV). To investigate ventral neck muscles, 26 individuals with WAD were compared with 26 healthy controls (paper II). The dorsal neck muscles were investigated in paper III, including 40 individuals with WAD and 40 controls. In total 46 individuals, 23 with WAD and 23 healthy controls were included in paper IV to develop ventral neck muscle interaction models.Results: Paper I: Participants in the two neck-specific exercise groups (with and without behavioral approach) showed increased dorsal neck muscle endurance (p = 0.003), decreased pain intensity following testing (p = 0.04) and were more satisfied with treatment (p < 0.001) than participants in the prescribed physical activity group. Kinesiophobia did not significantly differ between groups (p > 0.12).Paper II: Deformation and deformation rate showed linear positive relationship between ventral muscle pairs in healthy controls, especially between superficial and deep neck muscles. This relationship was weaker or absent in the WAD group.Paper III: The WAD group had higher deformation rates in the deepest dorsal neck muscles during the first and tenth (only women) arm elevations compared to the control group (p < 0.04). Women in the WAD group showed a weaker linear relationship between the two deepest dorsal neck muscles compared to women in the control group.Paper IV: The results revealed two different ventral neck muscle models in individuals with WAD and healthy controls (R2Y = 0.72, Q2Y = 0.59). The models were capable to detect different neck muscle interplay in people with WAD.Conclusion: Neck-specific exercise intervention with or without a behavioral approach appears to improve neck muscle endurance in individuals with persistent WAD. Decreased pain after the neck muscle endurance test also suggests improved tolerance of load in these two groups. Altered mechanical neck muscle function was revealed in individuals with WAD indicating decreased muscular support for maintain a stable cervical spine during repetitive arm elevations. The results show great promise for improved diagnosis of neck muscle function in WAD.
11.	Strandberg, Emelie, et al. (författare) Who makes it all the way? : Participants vs. decliners, and completers vs. drop-outs, in a 6-month exercise trial during cancer treatment. Results from the Phys-Can RCT 2022 Ingår i: Supportive Care in Cancer. - : Springer Nature. - 0941-4355 .- 1433-7339. ; 30:2, s. 1739-1748 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Purpose To compare sociodemographic, health- and exercise-related characteristics of participants vs. decliners, and completers vs. drop-outs, in an exercise intervention trial during cancer treatment.Methods Patients with newly diagnosed breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer were invited to participate in a 6-month exercise intervention. Background data for all respondents (n = 2051) were collected at baseline by questionnaire and medical records. Additional data were collected using an extended questionnaire, physical activity monitors, and fitness testing for trial participants (n = 577). Moreover, a sub-group of decliners (n = 436) consented to additional data collection by an extended questionnaire . Data were analyzed for between-group differences using independent t-tests and chi2-tests.Results Trial participants were younger (59 ± 12yrs vs. 64 ± 11yrs, p < .001), more likely to be women (80% vs. 75%, p = .012), and scheduled for chemotherapy treatment (54% vs. 34%, p < .001), compared to decliners (n = 1391). A greater proportion had university education (60% vs 40%, p < .001), reported higher anxiety and fatigue, higher exercise self-efficacy and outcome expectations, and less kinesiophobia at baseline compared to decliners. A greater proportion of trial participants were classified as ‘not physically active’ at baseline; however, within the group who participated, being “physically active” at baseline was associated with trial completion. Completers (n = 410) also reported less kinesiophobia than drop-outs (n = 167).Conclusion The recruitment procedures used in comprehensive oncology exercise trials should specifically address barriers for participation among men, patients without university education and older patients. Individualized efforts should be made to enroll patients with low exercise self-efficacy and low outcome expectations of exercise. To retain participants in an ongoing exercise intervention, extra support may be needed for patients with kinesiophobia and those lacking health-enhancing exercise habits at baseline.
12.	Strömbäck, Edit, et al. (författare) Prevalence and consequences of injuries in powerlifting : a cross-sectional study 2018 Ingår i: The Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. - Thousand Oaks, California : Sage Publications. - 2325-9671. ; 6:5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Powerlifting consists of the squat, bench press, and dead lift, and extreme loads are lifted during training and competitions. Previous studies, which have defined an injury as an event that causes an interruption in training or competitions, have reported a relatively low frequency of powerlifting injuries (1.0-4.4 injuries/1000 hours of training). No previous study has investigated the prevalence of injuries, defined as a condition of pain or impairment of bodily function that affects powerlifters’ training, in a balanced sample of men and women, and no studies have established possible risk factors for an injury.Purpose: To investigate the prevalence, localization, and characterization of injuries among Swedish subelite classic powerlifters, with an emphasis on differences between men and women, and to investigate whether training and lifestyle factors are associated with an injury.Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods: A total of 53 female and 51 male Swedish subelite powerlifters answered an online questionnaire including questions about background characteristics, training habits, and lifestyle factors. The main part of the questionnaire included questions about injuries and their consequences. An injury was defined as a condition of pain or impairment of bodily function that affects powerlifters’ training.Results: Seventy percent (73/104) of participants were currently injured, and 87% (83/95) had experienced an injury within the past 12 months. The lumbopelvic region, shoulder, and hip were the most commonly injured areas for both sexes. Women experienced a significantly greater frequency of injuries in the neck and thoracic region than men. Injuries seemed to occur during training, although only 16% (11/70) of those currently injured had to completely refrain from training. Training frequency, greater personal best in the dead lift, injury onset during bench-press and dead-lift training, use of straps, alcohol consumption, and dietary issues were associated with current injuries.Conclusion: Injuries are very common in subelite powerlifters. Men and women report similar injury frequencies but different anatomic locations. These injuries do not prevent powerlifters from training and competing, but they may change the content of training sessions. Why powerlifters develop injuries is still unclear; however, it is likely that the management of training loads and optimization of the lifting technique during the squat, bench press, and dead lift are of importance.
13.	Westergren, Jens, et al. (författare) Acute exercise as active inference in chronic musculoskeletal pain, effects on gait kinematics and muscular activity in patients and healthy participants : a study protocol for a randomised controlled laboratory trial 2023 Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 13 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Introduction: Chronic musculoskeletal pain is a highly prevalent, complex and distressing condition that may negatively affect all domains of life. In view of an active inference framework, and resting on the concept of allostasis, human movement per se becomes a prerequisite for health and well-being while chronic pain becomes a sign of a system unable to attenuate an allostatic load. Previous studies on different subgroups of chronic pain conditions have demonstrated alterations in gait kinematics and muscle activity, indicating shared disturbances in the motor system from long-term allostatic load. We hypothesise that such alterations exist in heterogenous populations with chronic musculoskeletal pain, and that exposure to acute and controlled exercise may attenuate these alterations. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to investigate the acute effects of exercise on gait kinematics and activity of the back and neck muscles during diverse walking conditions in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain compared with a reference sample consisting of healthy participants.Methods and analysis: This two-sample two-armed parallel randomised controlled laboratory trial will include 40 participants with chronic musculoskeletal pain (>3 months) and 40 healthy participants. Participants will be randomly allocated to either 30 min of aerobic exercise or rest. Primary outcomes are gait kinematics (walking speed, step frequency, stride length, lumbar rotation, gait stability) and muscular activity (spatial and temporal) of the back and neck during diverse walking conditions. Secondary outcomes are variability of gait kinematics and muscle activity and subjective pain ratings assessed regularly during the trial.Ethics and dissemination: The study has been approved by the Regional Ethics Review Board in Uppsala, Sweden (#2018/307). Findings will be disseminated via conference presentations, publications in peer-reviewed journals and engagement with patient support groups and clinicians.
14.	Zeisig, E, et al. (författare) Akut behandling av hälseneruptur 2018 Ingår i: Svensk IdrottsMedicin nr 3. - 1103-7652. ; :3, s. 17-19 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
15.	Johansson, Moa, 1981, et al. (författare) Pacing Patterns of Half-Marathon Runners: An analysis of ten years of results from Gothenburg Half Marathon 2023 Ingår i: International Journal of Computer Science in Sport. - 1684-4769. ; 22:1, s. 124-138 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The Gothenburg half Marathon is one of the word's largest half maratho races with over 40 000 participants each year. In order to reduce the number of runners risking over-straining, injury, or collapse, we would like to provide runners with advice to appropriately plan their pacing. Many participants are older or without extensive training experience and may particularly benefit from such pacing assistance. Our aim is to provide this with the help of machine learning. We first analyze a large publicly available dataset of results from the years 2010-2019 (n = 423 496) to identify pacing patterns related to age, sex, ability, and temperature of the race day. These features are then used to train machine learning models for predicting runner's finish time and to identify which runners are at risk of making severe pacing errors and which ones seem set to pace well. We finf that predictiong of finish time improves over the current baseline, while identification of pacing patterns correctly identifies over 70% of runners at risk of severe slowdowns, albeit with many false positives.
16.	Nilson, Finn, 1980-, et al. (författare) Testing a novel method for identifying where serious medical encounters occur at marathons in order to improve medical preparedness and runners’ safety 2018 Ingår i: Injury Prevention. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1353-8047 .- 1475-5785. ; 24:Suppl 2 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
17.	Stigson, Helena, 1979, et al. (författare) Incidence of Acute Injuries among Licensed and Non-Licensed Cyclists using Insurance Registry Data 2019 Ingår i: 2019 IRCOBI Conference Proceedings. - : International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Few previous studies have examined acute injuries in competitive cycling or training as compared to other sports. By using nationwide insurance data including all injured cyclist registered in the Swedish Cycling Federation and all reported injuries during exercise race in Sweden, the objective was to examine acute injuries during competitive cycling or training for different types of cyclists. The injury incidence and injuries leading to permanent medical impairment were examined. All cyclists that were injured during 2008-2017 were included (n=1937).Among the 2666 licensed cyclists the incidence of cyclists injured during training or competition was 44 per 1000 licensed cyclists per year. Focusing on participants in exercise races, the incidence was annually 1.5 injured cyclists per 1000 participants per year. The most commonly injured body region was the upper extremity (41%), followed by head and neck (18%). In total 9.4% of all injured cyclists sustained a permanent medical impairment. Given an injury, non-licensed participants in exercise races were slightly older, and the proportion of females were higher (30% vs. 16%), than among licensed cyclists. The injury incidence among the cyclists was high, and to maintain a healthy and physically active population it is important to make efforts to prevent injuries.
18.	Pagels, Peter, et al. (författare) A repeated measurement study investigating the impact of school outdoor environment upon physical activity across ages and seasons in Swedish second, fifth and eighth graders 2014 Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 14 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: School children are confined to and exposed to outdoor environment that happens to be at their disposal during compulsory school time. The health-promoting potential of outdoor environment, and the use of it, is therefore important. We have studied the impact of school outdoor environment in terms of playground features, space, topography and vegetation upon the patterns of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) across ages and seasons in Swedish pupils at compulsory school. Methods: Four schools in the Middle and Southern parts of Sweden, with outdoor environments differing in playground features, space, topography and vegetation were analyzed during one school year. A sample of 196 children was drawn from eligible pupils in grades 2, 5 and 8, aged 7-14 years. PA was monitored with time-stamped Actigraph accelerometers GT3X+, measuring different intensity levels during outdoor time. Maps were used to mark places where the children stayed and what they did during outdoor time. Results: Mean MVPA during outdoor stay was 39 minutes for the entire school year, time in MVPA correlated positively with outdoor time, as did MVPA with used outdoor play area (p < 0.001). Outdoor MVPA declined with age, boys accumulated more MVPA than girls at all ages (p < 0.001). Ball play areas increased MVPA in 5th graders in September and May (p < 0.001). Overall, ball play areas increased 5th graders' relative MVPA, and helped maintaining it with increasing age in boys but not in girls, whereas woodland stimulated and contributed to maintaining girls' MVPA with increasing age. Outdoor temperature significantly impacted (p < 0.01) MVPA throughout all seasons. Conclusion: We conclude that school outdoor environment design and outdoor play time impact physical activity on a daily basis and may contribute to increasing girls' physical activity and moderate the sharp decline in physical activity by age. The school outdoor environment may thus be a potential health promoter during school time.
19.	Weimann, Hanna, et al. (författare) Neighborhood environment and physical activity among young children: A cross-sectional study from Sweden 2015 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 43:3, s. 283-293 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Aims: The aims of this study were to investigate the association between the neighbourhood environment and physical activity among young children in a Scandinavian setting, and to assess the influences of seasonal variations, age, sex and parental education. Methods: Physical activity was assessed with an accelerometer and neighbourhood resources were estimated using geographic information systems for 205 Swedish children aged 4-11 years. Neighbourhood resources were generated as the sum of three neighbourhood attributes: (a) foot and bike paths, (b) non-restricted destinations and (c) recreational area, all within 300 m of each child's home. Physical activity was assessed as: (a) total volume of physical activity (i.e. counts per minute), (b) sedentary time and (c) moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The association between neighbourhood resources and physical activity was analysed using mixed linear models weighted by measurement time and adjusted for sex, age, season of activity measurement, type of housing and parental education. Results: Children were more physically active in areas with intermediate access to neighbourhood resources for physical activity compared to areas with worst access, while the difference between intermediate and best neighbourhood resource areas was less clear. The association between physical activity and neighbourhood resources was weaker than with seasonal variations but compatible in magnitude with sex, age, type of housing and parental education. Among specific neighbourhood attributes, the amount of foot and bike paths was associated with less sedentary time and more MVPA. Conclusions:This study provides some, not entirely consistent, evidence overall for an association between the neighbourhood environment and physical activity among young children in Scandinavia. © 2015 the Nordic Societies of Public Health.
20.	Drake, Anna Maria, et al. (författare) Ankle dorsiflexor muscle performance in healthy young men and women: reliability of eccentric peak torque and work measurements 2001 Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1651-2081 .- 1650-1977. ; 33:2, s. 90-96 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aims of this study were: (i) to assess the test-retest intrarater reliability of eccentric ankle dorsiflexor muscle performance in young healthy men and women using the Biodex dynamometer; and (ii) to examine different statistical indices for the interpretation of reliability. Thirty men and women (age 22.5 +/- 2.5 years, mean +/- S.D.) performed three maximal eccentric contractions at 30 degrees/second and 90 degrees/second, with 7-10 days between test sessions. Reliability was evaluated with three intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC1,1, ICC2,1 and ICC3,1), and was excellent for peak torque (ICC 0.90-0.96) and good to excellent for work (ICC 0.69-0.83), with no discernible differences among the three ICCs. Method errors, assessed by the standard error of the measurement (S.E.M.) and S.E.M.%, were low. The Bland & Altman graphs and analyses indicated no significant systematic bias in the data. In conclusion, measurements of eccentric ankle dorsiflexor muscle performance in young healthy individuals using the Biodex are highly reliable.
21.	Gilenstam, Kajsa, et al. (författare) Body Composition of Women’s Ice Hockey Players : Comparison of Estimates Using Skinfolds and iDXA 2019 Ingår i: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 1064-8011 .- 1533-4287. ; 33:9, s. 2496-2502 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The purpose of this study was to compare percent fat (% Fat) estimates from anthropometric equations using skinfolds (SKF) in women’s ice hockey players to estimates obtained from Lunar iDXA. Data were collected on 19 elite female Swedish hockey players (mean age ± SD = 18.4 ± 2.4 y). Four skinfolds (SKF) (triceps, abdominal, suprailiac, and thigh) were measured within two hours of iDXA assessments. The % Fat estimates from iDXA and four anthropometric equations were compared using paired t-tests, and a one-way ANOVA was used to compare % Fat estimates from the anthropometric equations. Bland Altman analyses were used to assess agreement between % Fat estimates from SKF and iDXA. The significance level was set a priori at p<0.05. The % Fat estimates from anthropometric equations were significantly lower than those from iDXA (mean ± SD: 26.85 ± 4.93%,p=0.000). Bland Altman analyses indicated mean differences of -7.96 to -10.13 percentage points between anthropometric equations and iDXA. Estimates of % Fat from anthropometric equations (range: 16.72% to 18.89%) were within the range reported in earlier studies using the Sum of 7 SKF. Thus, SKF offer a reasonable alternative to iDXA for this population, but result in underestimates of % Fat relative to iDXA. Strength and conditioning coaches should use the same body composition assessment method consistently, and interpret the results with caution, as they are estimates and not true values.
22.	Gonzalez-Calvo, Gustavo, et al. (författare) 'I feel, therefore I am' : unpacking preservice physical education teachers' emotions 2020 Ingår i: Sport, Education and Society. - : Routledge. - 1357-3322 .- 1470-1243. ; 25:5, s. 543-555 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The teaching profession requires an understanding of teachers' and students' emotions, and teachers' emotions can influence their teaching practice, professional development and pedagogical approaches. Furthermore, emotions are embodied and they may have a detrimental effect on wellbeing if they are not addressed properly. This paper explores the emotional dimensions of preservice primary teachers' practicum experiences in physical education (PE). Body journals were used to collect data which were analysed using a Sociology of Emotions (SoE) approach. The findings revealed that preservice teachers' emotions manifest physically during their practicum, especially at particular junctures, such as at the beginning of their teaching. Preservice teachers felt the need to make a 'good impression' within the school through the regulation of their emotions as they faced continual challenges to succeed in unfamiliar teaching circumstances. The conclusions of this study demonstrate the benefits of providing opportunities for preservice PE teachers to reflect on their emotions during the practicum and the consequences that these may have on their bodies and teaching practices.
23.	Jouper, John, 1960-, et al. (författare) Mindful Recovery : A Case Study of a Burned-Out Elite Shooter 2013 Ingår i: The Sport psychologist. - : Human Kinetics. - 0888-4781 .- 1543-2793. ; 27:1, s. 92-102 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Research on how to recover from athlete burnout is scarce. The current aim is therefore to describe an intervention with an elite shooter suffering from burnout, and the use of mindfulness and Qigong to reestablish sport functioning as well as general well-being. The participant used mindfulness and Qigong exercise on a daily basis. Exercise frequency, exercise time, concentration level and Qigong state were noted daily, and levels of stress, energy and primordial force were self-rated weekly for 20 weeks, and followed up after 30, 40 and 50 weeks. The participant recovered from burnout to a state of general well-being (energy and primordial force changed from weak to strong), and her ability to stay concentrated in a Qigong state changed from weak to strong. Her capacity to shoot high scores was reestablished, even if her shooting endurance was not fully recovered. Mindfulness and Qigong techniques may be useful in the prevention of and recovery from athlete burnout.
24.	Larsson, Elin, et al. (författare) A narrative review of Achilles tendon ruptures in racket sports 2022 Ingår i: International Journal of Racket Sports Science. - : Universidad de Granada. - 2695-4508. ; 4:1, s. 9-15 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract This review aims to enlighten the existing research about Achilles tendon ruptures (ATR) in racket sports. Further, this review will also include the acute management, rehabilitation, treatment and prognosis of an ATR. ATR is a common injury among individuals playing racket sports. However, the literature is limited and not up to date. Previous research claims that up to 70 percent of all ATR is related to sports activities where racket sports dominate. A large number of patients sustaining an ATR return to sport within a year from injury.
25.	Mattsson, C. Mikael (författare) Konditionsträning för lagbollsidrottare 2012 Ingår i: Idrott & kunskap. - 1652-6961. ; :1, s. 46-49 Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract Vilka konditionstestvärden har elitspelare i fotboll, ishockey och basket? Och hur tränar man effektivast sinkondition om man är bollidrottare? Mikael Mattson, doktor i fysiologi vid GIH, reder ut begreppen.
26.	Varea, Valeria, 1983- (författare) Exploring the origins and consequences of Health and Physical Education undergraduates’ body dispositions 2013 Ingår i: The International Journal of Sport and Society. - : Common Ground Research Networks. - 2152-7857 .- 2152-7865. ; 3:3, s. 207-218 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract There is considerable literature that supports the proposition that the body is central concern for Health and Physical Education (HPE) professionals. This particular group of individuals has certain dispositions with regard to the body that can be readily conveyed to their students in intentional and unintentional ways through pedagogical encounters. This paper will discuss how a group of undergraduate HPE students think about and consider the body. Taking a poststructuralist perspective and drawing mainly on the work of Foucault, in-depth interviews were used as method to explore how these HPE undergraduates came to shape their particular dispositions across time. Three main themes emerged: the ‘normal’ body, fat bodies and the HPE teacher’s body. Findings from this study will be helpful in understanding HPE undergraduates’ body dispositions and how they shape up their idea of teaching.
27.	Varea, Valeria, 1983- (författare) The body as a professional ‘touchstone’ : Exploring Health and Physical Education undergraduates’ understandings of the body 2014 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
28.	Wagnsson, Stefan, Docent, 1969- (författare) Föreningsidrott och ungas psykosociala hälsoutveckling. 2017 Ingår i: Idrottens samhällsnytta<em> </em>. - Stockholm : Riksidrottsförbundet. - 9789187385193 ; , s. 54-68 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
29.	Åman, Malin, et al. (författare) National injury prevention measures in team sports should focus on knee, head, and severe upper limb injuries. 2019 Ingår i: Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. - : Springer. - 0942-2056 .- 1433-7347. ; 27:3, s. 1000-1008 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract PURPOSE: To examine acute injuries in licensed floorball, football, handball, and ice hockey players in all ages nationwide in Sweden, and to identify the most common and severe injuries in each body location and recommend injury prevention measures.METHODS: Using national sport insurance data from years 2006-2015 was the incidence and proportion of acute injuries, and injuries leading to permanent medical impairment (PMI), calculated in the four team sports. The most common injury type and injured body part was identified, with a particular focus of the severe injuries. Comparison between sexes was made.RESULTS: In total, there were 92,162 registered injuries in all sports together. Knee injuries were most common, and also had the highest incidence of PMI, in all ball sports and in female ice hockey players. In male ice hockey, the most common injury was a dental and face injury, and PMI injuries were mostly in the shoulder. The most severe PMI injuries were rare and most often a face/eye injury in male floorball and ice hockey, a concussion in female ice hockey, and a knee injury in female floorball, and in both sexes in football and handball.CONCLUSIONS: To achieve the greatest impact in reducing the adverse effects of acute sport injuries nationwide in Sweden, preventive measures should focus on knee injuries in all the investigated team sports. The severe head/face and upper limb injuries also need attention. Protective equipment, neuromuscular training programs, rules enforcements, and fair-play interventions may reduce the incidence of injuries.
30.	Guerra, Matheus, et al. (författare) Effects of a 10-Week Physical Activity Intervention on Asylum Seekers' Physiological Health 2022 Ingår i: Brain Sciences. - : MDPI. - 2076-3425. ; 12:7 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Introduction: The rise in armed conflicts has contributed to an increase in the number of asylum seekers. Prolonged asylum processes may negatively affect asylum seekers' health and lead to inactivity. Studies show that physical activity interventions are associated with improvements in health outcomes. However, there are a limited number of studies investigating the associations of physical activity on asylum seekers' health. Methods: Participants (263 males and 204 females), mostly from Syria, were assessed before and after a 10-week intervention for VO2 max, body mass index (BMI), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), body fat, and visceral fat. Linear mixed models were used to test differences within groups, and a linear regression model analysis was performed to test whether physiological variables predicted adherence. Results: Participants' VO2 max increased: males by 2.96 mL/min/kg and females 2.57 mL/min/kg. Increased SMM percentages were seen in both genders: females by 0.38% and males 0.23%. Visceral fat area decreased: males by 0.73 cm(2) and females 5.44 cm(2). Conclusions: Participants showed significant increases in VO2 max and SMM and decreased visceral fat. This study provides an insight into asylum seekers' health and serves as a starting point to new interventions in which physical activity is used as a tool to promote and improve vulnerable populations' health.
31.	Schantz, Peter, 1954-, et al. (författare) Perspectives on exercise intensity, volume, step characteristics and health outcomes in walking for transport 2022 Ingår i: Frontiers In Public Health. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-2565. ; , s. 1-19 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Quantification of movement intensity and energy utilization, together with frequency of trips, duration, distance, step counts and cadence, is essential for interpreting the character of habitual walking for transport, and its potential support of health. The purpose of the study is to illuminate this with valid methods and novel perspectives, and to thereby provide a new basis for characterizing and interpreting walking in relation to health outcomes.Methods: Habitual middle-aged commuting pedestrians (males = 10, females= 10) were investigated in the laboratory at rest and with maximal treadmill and cycle ergometer tests. Thereafter, levels of oxygen uptake, energy expenditure, ventilation, heart rate, blood lactate, rated perceived exertion, cadence, number of steps, duration, distance, and speed were recorded during the normal walking commute of each participant in Greater Stockholm, Sweden. The number of commutes per week over the year was self-reported.Results: Walking in the field demanded about 30% more energy per km compared to level treadmill walking. For both sexes, the walking intensity in field was about 46% of maximal oxygen uptake, and energy expenditure amounted to 0.96 kcal · kg−1 · km−1. The MET values (males: 6.2; females:6.5) mirrored similar levels of walking speed (males: 5.7; females: 5.9 km · h−1) and levels of oxygen uptake (males: 18.6; females: 19.5mL · kg−1 · min−1). The average number of MET-hours per week in a typical month was 22 for males and 20 for females. This resulted in a total weekly energy expenditure of∼1,570 and 1,040 kcal for males and females, respectively. Over the year, the number of walking commutes and their accumulated distance was ∼385 tripsand 800 km for both sexes.Conclusion: Walking in naturalistic field settings demands its own studies. When males and females walk to work, their relative aerobic intensities and absolute energy demands for a given distance are similar. It is equivalent to the lower part of the moderate relative intensity domain.The combination of oxygen uptake, trip duration and frequency leads to high and sustained levels of MET-hours as well as energy expenditure per week over the year, with a clear health enhancing potential. Based on this study we recommend 6000 transport steps per day, or equivalent, during five weekdays, over the year, in order to reach optimal health gains.
32.	Kjeldgård, Linnea, 1985-, et al. (författare) Bicycle crashes and sickness absence - a population-based Swedish register study of all individuals of working ages 2019 Ingår i: Bmc Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 19 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BackgroundIn recent years, bicycle injuries have increased, yet little is known about the impact of such injures on sickness absence (SA) and disability pension (DP). The aim was to explore SA and DP among individuals of working ages injured in a bicycle crash.MethodA nationwide register-based study, including all individuals aged 16-64years and living in Sweden, who in 2010 had in- or specialized out-patient healthcare (including emergency units) after a bicycle crash. Information on age, sex, sociodemographics, SA, DP, crash type, injury type, and injured body region was used. We analyzed individuals with no SA or DP, with ongoing SA or full-time DP already at the time of the crash, and with new SA >14days in connection to the crash. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals for new SA were estimated by logistic regression.ResultsIn total, 7643 individuals had healthcare due to a new bicycle crash (of which 85% were single-bicycle crashes). Among all, 10% were already on SA or full-time DP at the time of the crash, while 18% had a new SA spell. The most common types of injuries were external injuries (38%) and fractures (37%). The body region most frequently injured was the upper extremities (43%). Women had higher OR (1.40; 1.23-1.58) for new SA than men, as did older individuals compared with younger (OR 2.50; 2.02-3.09, for ages: 55-64 vs. 25-34). The injury types with the highest ORs for new SA, compared with the reference group external injuries was fractures (8.04; 6.62-9.77) and internal injuries (7.34; 3.67-14.66). Individuals with traumatic brain injury and injuries to the vertebral column and spinal cord had higher ORs for SA compared with other head, face, and neck injuries (2.72; 1.19-6.22 and 3.53; 2.24-5.55, respectively).ConclusionsIn this explorative nationwide study of new bicycle crashes among individuals of working ages, 18% had a new SA spell in connection to the crash while 10% were already on SA or DP. The ORs for new SA were higher among women, older individuals, and among individuals with a fracture.
33.	Ohlin, Maria, 1987, et al. (författare) Duration of sickness absence following a bicycle crash, by injury type and injured body region: A nationwide register-based study 2018 Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 9, s. 275-281 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In recent years, bicycle injuries have increased but little is known about the relation of such injures to sickness absence (SA). The aim of this study was to investigate duration of SA > 14 days after a bicycle crash, in general and by injury type and injured body region. A population-based study was conducted, including all individuals living in Sweden, aged 16-64 years, who in 2009-2011 had in-or specialized outpatient medical care due to a new injury from a bicycle crash (n = 22,045), excluding those already on SA or full-time disability pension at the time of the crash. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for a new SA were estimated by logistic regression. In total, 4387 (20%) had new SA in connection to the crash. SA was most common among individuals aged 55-64 years (32%), and more common among women (23%) than men (18%). Fractures was the injury type with the highest OR for SA across all durations, but highest for 30-89 days (8.09; CI 6.30-10.39). Spine and back was the body region with the highest OR for SA >= 90 days (11.98; CI 7.38-19.46), followed by Traumatic Brain Injuries (6.64; CI 4.01-10.98), and injuries to lower extremities (5.28; CI 3.58-7.78). For 235 individuals (5%) the SA spell lasted >= 180 days. Among those cases, the most commonly injured body regions were lower leg (21%) followed by shoulder and upper arm (17%), and Traumatic Brain Injuries (15%). In conclusion, the duration of SA varied with type of injury and injured body region. Among the very long SA spells, common injuries were injuries to the lower leg, to the shoulder and upper arm, and traumatic brain injuries.
34.	Kultur och hälsa i praktiken 2016 Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Intresset för området kultur och hälsa är stort. Åtskilliga verksamheter i kommuner och landsting arbetar aktivt med kultur och hälsa. Därför blir det allt viktigare att ta tillvara på den kunskap som skapas inom dessa verksamheter och att möjliggöra ett utbyte av erfarenheter. "Kultur och hälsa i prakten" presenterar i fjorton kapitel hur man kan arbeta med kultur och hälsa inom olika verksamheter som exempel på gränsöverskridande samarbeten mellan praktik och forskning. Kapitalförfattarna är både förankrade i ett konkret verksamhetsområde och i akademisk forskning. "Kultur och hälsa i praktiken" ger en beskrivning av praktiska verksamheter utifrån aktuell forskning. Den syftar till inspiration såväl som fördjupad kunskap för praktiker, forskare, beslutsfattare, kulturutövare, journalister och hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal.
35.	Fröberg, Andreas, 1985, et al. (författare) Levels of Physical Activity during Physical Education lessons in Sweden 2017 Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 106:1, s. 135-141 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract AIM:The aim of this study was to measure the percentage of sedentary light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (%MVPA) provided by physical education (PE) lessons for Swedish second, fifth and eighth grade students, aged eight, 11 and 14.METHODS:We observed 39 PE lessons and divided them into seven lesson categories: ball play, ball games, dance, fitness, playing games, orienteering and gymnastics. Physical activity (PA) during PE was estimated using accelerometers and the height and weight of the children were measured.RESULTS:We studied 149 children: 63 in the second grade, 66 in the fifth grade and 19 in the eighth grade. On average, 25% of the PE lessons were spent in MVPA and the mean %MVPA varied with the lesson content, with fitness, orienteering and playing games being the most intense. The highest %MVPA was in the fitness category, providing 33% (8-62%) for girls and 37% (7-72%) for boys. With the exception of the second grade, no significant gender differences in %MVPA were seen.CONCLUSION:The content of Swedish PE lessons affected the %MVPA in all age groups. In some content, individuals reached two-thirds of their daily PA recommendations, highlighting the potential that PE contributes to public health goals.
36.	Fröberg, Andreas, 1985, et al. (författare) Objectively measured sedentary behaviour and cardio-metabolic risk in youth: a review of evidence 2014 Ingår i: European Journal of Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-6199 .- 1432-1076. ; 173:7, s. 845-860 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim of this paper was to review studies that examine the association between volume and pattern of objectively measured sedentary behaviour and markers of cardio-metabolic risk in youth. A search for relevant articles was conducted in PubMed and SportDiscus, and the following inclusion criteria were applied: (i) youth participants (age range 6-19); (ii) accelerometer-measured volume and/or pattern of sedentary behaviour and its association with a parts per thousand yen1 cardio-metabolic outcome; and (iii) published, in press or accepted in an English language peer-reviewed journal between January 2000 and October 2013. A total of 45 articles met the a priori criteria and, thus, were considered eligible for inclusion. Although youth accumulate approximately 6 to 8 hof daily sedentary behaviour, little evidence supports an association with individual and clustered cardio-metabolic risk when adjusted for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Conclusion: We suggest that youth should be encouraged to engage in recommended levels of MVPA and reduce excessive time spent in screen-based sedentary behaviour. Future studies should examine the association between volume and pattern of objectively measured sedentarybehaviour and cardio-metabolic risk independent of time spent in MVPA.
37.	Gerber, M, et al. (författare) Concerns regarding hair cortisol as a biomarker of chronic stress in exercise and sport science 2012 Ingår i: Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. - 1303-2968. ; 11, s. 571-581 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Hair cortisol has the potential to fill the methodological void of long-term cortisol assessment while becoming a widely accepted measure in biopsychology. This review critically examines the applicability and relevance of hair cortisol measurement specifically within the field of exercise and sport science. Current measures of the HPA axis only cover a brief time period, whereas hair cortisol is a unique, non-invasive means to capture long-term cortisol secretion. Studies have shown that individuals who have elevated cortisol secretion (e.g. due to diseases associated with a disturbed activation of the HPA axis or exposure to stressful life events) reveal increased hair cortisol. By contrast, only weak correlations exist between hair cortisol and perceived stress, and the direction of the relationship between hair cortisol levels and mental disorders is unclear. Acute exercise, however, results in increased levels of cortisol that eventually is reflected in higher levels of cortisol in hair samples and studies have shown that exercise intensity is related to hair cortisol level. Thus, elevated hair cortisol levels found among regular exercisers are not necessarily pathological. Thus, one should practice caution when associating athletes’ elevated hair cortisol with poor mental health or disease. Hair cortisol analysis can contribute to a more complete understanding of how long-term cortisol elevation mediates stress-related effects on the health and performance of recreational exercisers and elite athletes. Nevertheless, it is crucial for exercise and sport scientists to consider whether their research questions can be adequately addressed, given that regular intense exercise results in substantially augmented hair cortisol levels.
38.	Jacobsson, Jenny, 1962-, et al. (författare) Youth athletes at Swedish sports high schools with an athletics specialism emphasise environmental support for injury risk management : a focus group study. 2023 Ingår i: BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2055-7647. ; 9:2 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In this study, we examined knowledge and understanding of sport-related injuries among youth athletics (track and field) athletes and assessed their needs in managing any health problems. Qualitative data were collected via 12 focus groups with youth athletes (16-19 years) studying at Swedish sports high schools with an athletics specialism. All focus group discussions were audiorecorded and transcribed before being analysed using a thematic analysis approach. Four researchers independently reviewed the transcripts, generated codes and developed themes. Three overarching themes related to the athletes' knowledge and understanding of sport-related injury were developed: (1) awareness of injuries, (2) perception of injuries, and (3) factors contributing to injuries. The youth athletes were typically uncertain about how to acknowledge a sport-related injury. They expressed that knowledge about injuries was obtained in part by reflecting on the lived experiences of their peers. It was also demonstrated that there appears to be a 'culture of acceptance' regarding injury occurrence. In contrast, causes of injuries were viewed as dependent on multiple factors (eg, lack of context-specific knowledge about training practices). Regarding athletes' needs in managing injuries, an additional three themes were developed: (1) creating functioning elite sports environments, (2) application of knowledge and (3) fostering athletes. An apparent lack of structure and organisation related to the school environment was identified as an important issue to review to create opportunities for sustainable athletic development. The study identified areas that can be improved in Swedish sports high schools with an athletic specialism and could be applied in other youth sports contexts. The results of this study guide school stakeholders, alongside the sport governing bodies who have the mandate to influence activities in youth sports contexts, whereby special attention should be directed towards improving the social environment for youth athletes.
39.	Nilsson, Johnny, et al. (författare) Running economy and blood lactate accumulation in elite football players with high and low maximal aerobic power 2015 Ingår i: LASE Journal of Sport Science. - Riga : Latvian Academy of Sport Education in Riga, Latvia. - 1691-7669 .- 1691-9912. ; 6:2, s. 44-51 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The purpose was to determine running economy and lactate threshold among a selection of male elite football players with high and low aerobic power. Forty male elite football players from the highest Swedish division (“Allsvenskan”) participated in the study. In a test of running economy (RE) and blood lactate accumulation the participants ran four minutes each at 10, 12, 14, and 16 km•h-1 at horizontal level with one minute rest in between each four minutes interval. After the last sub-maximal speed level the participants got two minutes of rest before test of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Players that had a maximal oxygen uptake lower than the average for the total population of 57.0 mL O2•kg-1•minute-1 were assigned to the low aerobic power group (LAP) (n=17). The players that had a VO2max equal to or higher than 57.0 mL O2•kg-1•minute-1 were selected for the high aerobic power group (HAP) (n=23). The VO2max was significantly different between the HAP and LAP group. The average RE, measured as oxygen uptake at 12, 14 and 16km•h-1 was significantly lower but the blood lactate concentration was significantly higher at 14 and 16 km•h-1 for theLAP group compared with the HAP group.
40.	Raustorp, Anders, 1958- (författare) Fysisk aktivitet och Fysisk självkänsla 2013. - 1 Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
41.	Raustorp, Anders, et al. (författare) Physical activity decreased by a quarter in the 11-12 year old Swedish boys between 2000 and 2013 but was stable in girls. A smartphone effect? 2015 Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 104:8, s. 808-814 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract ¨AimThis study explored physical activity, body mass index (BMI) and overweight and obesity from 2000 to 2013 using a convenience sample of second- and fifth-grade Swedish schoolchildren aged 8-9years and 11-12years, respectively. MethodsWe examined cross-sectional cohorts of 126 second-grade children in 2000, 84 in 2006 and 44 in 2013 and 105 fifth-grade children in 2000 and 38 in 2013. No fifth graders were available in 2006. Physical activity data were collected based on pedometer readings over four consecutive weekdays, and height and weight were measured. Identical instruments and procedures were used in all three years. ResultsThere was an increase in physical activity in second-grade girls from 2000 to 2006 (p<0.01), which then stabilised between 2006 and 2013, but second-grade boys and fifth-grade girls were stable throughout the study period. Fifth-grade boys decreased significantly (24%) from 16670 to 12704 steps per day (p<0.01) from 2000 to 2013. Mean BMI scores remained stable over time. ConclusionTime trends in physical activity differed between boys and girls. Second-grade boys and fifth-grade girls were stable throughout, whereas second-grade girls increased from 2000 to 2006 before stabilising. Fifth-grade boys showed a significant 24% reduction from 2000 to 2013. Changes in recess and leisure time habits, such as smartphone use, may have influenced the result.
42.	Raustorp, Anders, 1958-, et al. (författare) Physical self-esteem : a ten year follow-up study from early adolescence to early adulthood 2015 Ingår i: International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 0334-0139 .- 2191-0278. ; 27:1, s. 31-39 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Introduction: One variable that has been consistently associated with adolescents’ physical activity is perceived activity competence. Perceived physical (or sport) competence is considered a sub-domain to the physical self-esteem or self-worth (i.e., a person’s valuation of what is good and worthy in their self-description).Objective: This study aimed to describe levels of and inter-correlations among physical self-esteem, physical activity, and body mass index in a longitudinal design spanning adolescence to early adulthood.Materials and methods: At mean ages of 12.7, 15.7, 17.7 and 22.7 years, we measured perceived physical self-esteem in 39 (22 boys) Swedish adolescents. Physical activity (steps/day) for four consecutive schooldays, height, and weight were also measured.Results: No significant difference between the four time points for any variable of perceived physical self-esteem was seen, neither in boys nor girls. In general, all physical self-variables revealed non-linear trajectories across time, where the general trend was an increase during the younger ages followed by a decrease during older ages. At ages 12 and 15 years in boys and girls physical condition and physical strength as well as body attractiveness and physical strength, respectively, had the strongest correlations to physical self-esteem. At age 17 and 22 years sports competence had the strongest correlation to self-esteem in girls, while body attractiveness and physical strength had the strongest correlation to self-esteem in boys.Conclusion: An overall stability in physical self-esteem was found. However the impact of a sub-domain upon physical self-esteem vary during adolescence and early adulthood. Such information may be useful when creating physical activity programs that support and develop physical self-esteem.
43.	Raustorp, Anders, 1958, et al. (författare) The Evolution of Physical Activity on Prescription (FaR) in Sweden 2014 Ingår i: Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin und Sporttraumatologie. - 1422-0644. ; 62:2, s. 23-25 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract In 1996, the first Report of the US Surgeon General on Phys- ical Activity and Health provided an extensive knowledge overview about the positive effects of physical activity (PA) on several health outcomes and PA recommendations. This contributed to an enhanced interest for PA in Sweden. The Swedish Professional Associations for Physical Activity (YFA) were appointed to form a Scientific Expert Group in the project “Sweden on the Move” and YFA created the idea of Physical Activity on Prescription (FaR) and the produc- tion of a handbook (FYSS) for healthcare professionals. In Swedish primary care, licensed healthcare professionals, i.e. physicians, physiotherapists and nurses, can prescribe PA if they have sufficient knowledge about the patient’s cur- rent state of health, how PA can be used for promotion, prevention and treatment and are trained in patient-centred counselling and the FaR method. The prescription is fol- lowed individually or by visiting local FaR providers. These include sport associations, patient organisations, municipal facilities, commercial providers such as gyms, sports clubs and walking clubs or other organisations with FaR educated staff such as health promoters or personal trainers. In clin- ical practice, the FaR method increases the level of PA in primary care patients, at 6 and at 12 months. Self-reported adherence to the prescription was 65% at 6 months, similar to the known compliance for medications. In a randomised controlled trial, FaR significantly improved body composi- tion and reduced metabolic risk factors. It is suggested that a successful implementation of PA in healthcare depends on a combination of a systems approach (socio-ecological model) and the strengthening of individual motivation and capability. General support from policymakers, healthcare leadership and professional associations is important. To lower barriers, tools for implementation and structures for delivery must be readily available. Examples include hand- books such as FYSS, the FaR system and the use of pe- dometers.
44.	Raustorp, Anders, 1958-, et al. (författare) Tracking of pedometer-determined physical activity. A 16 year follow-up study. 2018 Ingår i: Journal of Physical Activity and Health. - : Human Kinetics. - 1543-3080 .- 1543-5474. ; 15:1, s. 7-12 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: The aims of this study were to explore the effect of time and long-termed tracking on pedometer-determined physical activity (PA) from early adolescent to the 30s. Methods: PA was measured with pedometers [Yamax™ (SW-200)] during 2000 (time 1), 2003 (time 2), 2005 (time 3), 2010 (time 4), and 2016 (time 5). Anthropometric data were collected during time 1. Data from 59 participants (n = 32 males) were analyzed from early adolescent (time 1) to the 30s (time 5). Results:There was an effect of time for males (P = .005, η2 = .76) and females (P = .002, η2 = .50) where steps per day decreased. Males steps per day tracked between time 1 and time 2 (r = .41, P = .021), time 1 and time 3 (r = .38, P = .03), time 3 and time 4 (r = .42, P = .015), and time 4 and time 5 (r = .50, P = .003). Females steps per day tracked between time 4 and time 5 (r = .39, P = .04). Males took more steps per day than females during time 1 (P = .018), whereas females took more steps per day during time 2 (P = .043) and time 3 (P = .03). Conclusion: There was a significant effect of time, where steps per day decreased between the 5 times of measurement. Steps per day tracked low to moderate in the short time span, yet tracked nonsignificantly from early adolescent to the 30s.
45.	Sundell, Claes-Göran, et al. (författare) Stress Fractures of Pars Interarticularis in Adolescent Athletes a Classification System with MRI and CT Enabling Evaluation of The Healing Process 2018 Ingår i: Journal of Exercise, Sports & Orthopedics. - : Symbiosis Group. - 2374-6904. ; 5:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate healing frequency in different stages of stress reactions in the Pars Interarticularis (PI) using a classification system with MRI and CT. The intervention was 3-month rest from physical activity, without a brace, with the exception of activities of daily living.Materials & Method: Twelve adolescent athletes with different stages of Spondolysis were included in the study. They had pathology in the Pars Interarticularis and were clinically examined with MRI and CT 3-6 weeks after debut of Low Back Pain (LBP) and re-evaluated after 3 months intervention with rest from physical activity.Results: A combination of MRI and CT scanning to investigate suspected injuries to Pars Interarticularis in adolescent athletes revealed 6 different stages of Spondolysis that ranged from marrow oedema to pseudoarthrosis. After 3 months of rest from physical activity the early stages of Pars Interarticularis injuries healed significantly better than the later stages with rest from physical activity.Conclusion: The combination of MRI and CT revealed 6 stages of stress reactions instead of 4 as in Hollenberg’s staging with MRI only. In the 3 earliest stages, of these 6, rest from physical activity for 3 months can heal the stress reaction.
46.	Thorell, Gabriella, et al. (författare) From giving orders to engaging in dialogue : Military norms being challenged at the Swedish riding school 2018 Ingår i: International Review for the Sociology of Sport. - London, UK : Sage Publications. - 1012-6902 .- 1461-7218. ; 53:4, s. 451-470 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Equestrian sport is one of the largest sports among young girls in Sweden. A majority of these girls get their riding education at riding schools that provide horses and instructors. Previous research has pointed out that the Swedish riding school is characterised by a traditional stable culture that originated in army practices. Presently Swedish children and youth sport at large are undergoing a change driven by increased commercialisation and individualisation. The aim of this article is therefore to explore and analyse how Swedish riding instructors perceive and experience their professional role in regards to these changes. Interviews with 10 riding instructors have been analysed using a constructivist approach of Grounded theory, as well as institutional theory and institutional economic theory. It was discovered that the riding instructors, due to an economic recession, feel that the institutional arrangements of the riding schools have become governed by the economy. The riding instructors thus feel impelled to change and adapt to new teaching styles - from instruction characterised by giving orders to teaching characterised by dialogue. This study illustrates how economic challenges require continuous development of the riding instructors' pedagogical ability, and have made them more aware of their profession, its historical heritage and norms.
47.	Tudor-Locke, Catrine, et al. (författare) How many steps/day are enough? for children and adolescents. 2011 Ingår i: The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1479-5868. ; 8 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Worldwide, public health physical activity guidelines include special emphasis on populations of children (typically 6-11 years) and adolescents (typically 12-19 years). Existing guidelines are commonly expressed in terms of frequency, time, and intensity of behaviour. However, the simple step output from both accelerometers and pedometers is gaining increased credibility in research and practice as a reasonable approximation of daily ambulatory physical activity volume. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to review existing child and adolescent objectively monitored step-defined physical activity literature to provide researchers, practitioners, and lay people who use accelerometers and pedometers with evidence-based translations of these public health guidelines in terms of steps/day. In terms of normative data (i.e., expected values), the updated international literature indicates that we can expect 1) among children, boys to average 12,000 to 16,000 steps/day and girls to average 10,000 to 13,000 steps/day; and, 2) adolescents to steadily decrease steps/day until approximately 8,000-9,000 steps/day are observed in 18-year olds. Controlled studies of cadence show that continuous MVPA walking produces 3,300-3,500 steps in 30 minutes or 6,600-7,000 steps in 60 minutes in 10-15 year olds. Limited evidence suggests that a total daily physical activity volume of 10,000-14,000 steps/day is associated with 60-100 minutes of MVPA in preschool children (approximately 4-6 years of age). Across studies, 60 minutes of MVPA in primary/elementary school children appears to be achieved, on average, within a total volume of 13,000 to 15,000 steps/day in boys and 11,000 to 12,000 steps/day in girls. For adolescents (both boys and girls), 10,000 to 11,700 may be associated with 60 minutes of MVPA. Translations of time- and intensity-based guidelines may be higher than existing normative data (e.g., in adolescents) and therefore will be more difficult to achieve (but not impossible nor contraindicated). Recommendations are preliminary and further research is needed to confirm and extend values for measured cadences, associated speeds, and MET values in young people; continue to accumulate normative data (expected values) for both steps/day and MVPA across ages and populations; and, conduct longitudinal and intervention studies in children and adolescents required to inform the shape of step-defined physical activity dose-response curves associated with various health parameters.
48.	Andersen, Pia, et al. (författare) Patients' experiences of physical activity on prescription with access to counsellors in routine care : a qualitative study in Sweden 2019 Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2458. ; 19 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BackgroundPhysical activity on prescription (PAP) has been implemented in several countries, including Sweden, to support patients who might benefit from increased physical activity. This study explores the experiences of recipients of PAP in routine health care in Sweden that offers the recipients support from physical activity counsellors. The aim was to explore influences on engagement in physical activity by PAP recipients' from a long-term perspective.MethodsWe conducted individual semi-structured interviews using a topic guide with a purposively selected sample of 13 adult PAP recipients 1.5 to 2.5years after PAP. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed through inductive and deductive content analysis. The questions were informed by Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B), which was also used as a framework to analyse the data by means of categorizing the factors (influences on the behaviour).ResultsTen factors (i.e. sub-categories) that influenced the participants' engagement in physical activity were identified. PAP recipients' capability to engage in physical activity was associated with adapting the PAP to the individual's physical capacity and taking into account the individual's previous experiences of physical activity. PAP recipients' opportunity to engage in physical activity was related to receiving a prescription, receiving professional counselling and follow-up from a physical activity counsellor, collaboration between prescriber and counsellor, having access to appropriate activities, having a balanced life situation and having support from someone who encouraged continued physical activity. PAP recipients' motivation to engage in physical activity was associated with the desire to improve his or her health condition and finding activities that encouraged continuation.ConclusionsPAP recipients' engagement in physical activity was influenced by their capability, opportunity and motivation to undertake this behaviour. Numerous extraneous factors influence capability and motivation. Physical activity counsellors were found to be important for sustained activity because they use an individual approach to counselling and flexible follow-up adapted to each individual's need of support.
49.	Blauwet, Cheri A., et al. (författare) The Road to Rio : Medical and Scientific Perspectives on the 2016 Paralympic Games 2016 Ingår i: PM&R. - : Wiley. - 1934-1482 .- 1934-1563. ; 8:8, s. 798-801 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In August and September of this year, the world will turn its attention to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, for the 2016 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games. Of interest to physiatrists, the Paralympic Games will take place from September 7 to 18, with an estimated total of 4 billion viewers. In the United States, for the first time in history, the Summer Games will be broadcast over a total of 66 hours on NBCUniversal. The Paralympic Games represent the pinnacle of elite sport for athletes with disabilities while also changing perceptions around the importance of grassroots sport and physical activity opportunities for the disability community more broadly.It is no secret that the planning and preparation for the Rio Games has brought with it a number of challenges—the Zika virus, water quality, construction delays, and the oft-tenuous state of the Brazilian political system, to name a few. In some respects, these challenges are important as they stimulate discourse about the future of the Olympic and Paralympic Movement. In Paralympic sport, some of our current and most salient challenges are rooted in principles of sports medicine and science, as outlined herein. Because it is imperative to uphold the highest standards of athlete health and safety at the Games, this presents an unparalleled opportunity for the voice of physiatrists to come to the fore. As experts in disability and functional performance, neurologic and musculoskeletal rehabilitation, and sports medicine, we uniquely are suited to make an important and timely impact on Paralympic sport. Here, we provide a snapshot of what to watch out for in Rio.
50.	Fagher, Kristina, et al. (författare) An eHealth Application of Self-Reported Sports-Related Injuries and Illnesses in Paralympic Sport : Pilot Feasibility and Usability Study 2017 Ingår i: JMIR Human Factors. - Toronto, Canada : JMIR Publications. - 2292-9495. ; 4:4 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Sport participation is associated with a risk of sports-related injuries and illnesses, and Paralympic athletes’ additional medical issues can be a challenge to health care providers and medical staff. However, few prospective studies have assessed sports-related injuries and illnesses in Paralympic sport (SRIIPS) over time. Advances in mobile phone technology and networking systems offer novel opportunities to develop innovative eHealth applications for collection of athletes’ self-reports. Using eHealth applications for collection of self-reported SRIIPS is an unexplored area, and before initiation of full-scale research of SRIIPS, the feasibility and usability of such an approach needs to be ascertained.Objective: The aim of this study was to perform a 4-week pilot study and (1) evaluate the monitoring feasibility and system usability of a novel eHealth application for self-reported SRIIPS and (2) report preliminary data on SRIIPS.Methods: An eHealth application for routine collection of data from athletes was developed and adapted to Paralympic athletes. A 4-week pilot study was performed where Paralympic athletes (n=28) were asked to weekly self-report sport exposure, training load, general well-being, pain, sleep, anxiety, and possible SRIIPS. The data collection was followed by a poststudy use assessment survey. Quantitative data related to the system use (eg, completed self-reports, missing responses, and errors) were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The qualitative feasibility and usability data provided by the athletes were condensed and categorized using thematic analysis methods.Results: The weekly response rate was 95%. The athletes were of the opinion that the eHealth application was usable and feasible but stated that it was not fully adapted to Paralympic athletes and their impairments. For example, it was difficult to understand how a new injury or illness should be identified when the impairment was involved. More survey items related to the impairments were requested, as the athletes perceived that injuries and illnesses often occurred because of the impairment. Options for description of multifactorial incidents including an injury, an illness, and the impairment were also insufficient. Few technical issues were encountered, but athletes with visual impairment reported usability difficulties with the speech synthesizer. An incidence rate of 1.8 injuries and 1.7 illnesses per 100 hours of athlete exposure were recorded. The weekly pain prevalence was 56% and the impairment contributed to 20% of the reported incidents.Conclusions: The novel eHealth-based application for self-reported SRIIPS developed and tested in this pilot study was generally feasible and usable. With some adaptation to accommodate Paralympic athletes’ prerequisites and improved technical support for athletes with visual impairment, this application can be recommended for use in prospective studies of SRIIPS.

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