| 1. |
- Waltman, Max
(author)
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Prohibiting Sex Purchasing and Ending Trafficking : The Swedish Prostitution Law
- 2011
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In: Michigan Journal of International Law. - 1052-2867. ; 33:1, s. 133-157
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Swedish prostitution law from 1999, now followed by Norway and Iceland, criminalized the purchaser and decriminalized the prostituted person. This is analyzed as a cogent state response under international trafficking law, particularly to the obligations set forth in the United Nation’s Trafficking Protocol from 2000. The Protocol states that a person is regarded a trafficking victim when, e.g., someone abuses her “position of vulnerability” in order to exploit her. International jurisprudence and social evidence strongly suggest that prostitution, as practiced in the world, usually satisfies this definition. Further, the Protocol urges states to reduce the demand for prostitution and to protect and assist victims, for instance by adopting laws deterring purchasers of sex, and by supporting those exploited in prostitution. Policy makers, such as the U.S. Department of State, are criticized for taking an inadequate position in face of the growing evidence from the Swedish law's impact.The article shows that Sweden has significantly reduced the occurrence of trafficking in Sweden compared to neighboring countries. It also scrutinizes some misinformation of the law's impact, showing for instance that claims alleging a more dangerous situation for those still in prostitution after 1999 were unfounded. In addition, the article addresses remaining obstacles to the law's effective implementation, arguing that in order to realize the law's full potential to support escape from trafficking, the civil rights of prostituted persons under current law should be strengthened to enable them to claim damages directly from the purchasers for the harm to which they have contributed, and for the violation of the prostituted persons' equality and dignity - a position now recognized by the government to some extent by clarifying amendments made in 2011.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Frankelius, Per
(author)
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Innovationen som tog skruv
- 2015
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In: Läkartidningen. - Stockholm : Läkartidningen Förlag AB. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 112:20–21, s. 985-987
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Läkaren och professorn emeritus Per-Ingvar Brånemark avled 20 december 2014. Han etablerade området osseointegration, strukturell förbindelse mellan levande ben och ytan av ett artificiellt material, som i dag utnyttjas för allt från höftleder och fästelement för silikonproteser till hörapparater. 2011 fick Brånemark priset European Inventor Award i kategorin Lifetime achievement av det europeiska patentverket. Men processen från uppfinning till berömmelse var tidvis turbulent – både i medicinskt och ekonomiskt perspektiv.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Ávila-Zúñiga Nordfjeld, Adriana, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Proposing a Mathematical Dynamic Model to Develop a National Maritime Security Assessment and Build a National Maritime Security Plan
- 2023
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In: Journal of Maritime Research. - : Universidad de Cantabria. - 1697-4840 .- 1697-9133. ; 20:3, s. 123-132
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A proper assessment of maritime security risks at the national level is crucial to a national maritime security plan (NMSP) in order to secure the concerned country’s ports, vessels and territorial sea. Thus, the importance of implementing a national maritime security assessment (NMSA) to counter security threats and ensure the continuity of national and international trade. The most important set of international regulations concerning maritime security is the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code, which includes revision, approval and control of compliance of the Port Facility Security Plan (PFSP), which shall be based upon the Port Facility Security Assessment (PFSA). This paper proposes a mathematical dynamic model that calculates in real time the residual risk for the whole country and each of its ports by adapting and expanding the formula and procedures established in the Code, which since it has already been implemented around the world, gives the opportunity to take advantage of this quantitative solution to administrate maritime security risks on a nation-wide basis and create an effective national maritime security plan, which would allow the concerned authorities to improve situational awareness and adapt to security changes through a better planning of human, economic and material resources to deter security threats. The model was tested with the use of five encoded categories as countries, each of them with three ports, which encompassed three port facilities. The results indicate that this methodology is easy to implement and widespread use of that model could strength robustness in national security.
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| 6. |
- Baaz, Mikael, 1966, et al.
(author)
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Defining and Analyzing “Resistance”: Possible Entrances to the Study of Subversive Practices
- 2016
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In: Alternatives: Global, Local, Political. - THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA : SAGE Publications. - 0304-3754 .- 2163-3150. ; 41:3, s. 137-153
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article explores the meaning of “resistance” and suggests a new path for “resistance studies,” which is an emerging and interdisciplinary field of the social sciences that is still relatively fragmented and heterogeneous. Resistance has often been connected with antisocial attitudes, destructiveness, reactionary or revolutionary ideologies, unusual and sudden explosions of violence, and emotional outbursts. However, we wish to add to this conceptualization by arguing that resistance also has the potential to be productive, plural and fluid, and integrated into everyday social life. The first major part of the article is devoted to discuss existing understandings of resistance with the aim of seeking to capture distinctive features and boundaries of this social phenomenon. Among other things, we will explore resistance in relation to other key concepts and related research fields. We then, in the article’s second major part, propose a number of analytical categories and possible entrances aiming at inspire more in-depth studies of resistance.
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| 7. |
- Baaz, Mikael, 1966, et al.
(author)
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Researching Resistance and Social Change: A Critical Approach to Theory and Practice
- 2017
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Resistance has often been connected with anti-social attitudes, destructiveness, reactionary or revolutionary ideologies, unusual and sudden explosions of violence and emotional outbursts. This book goes beyond these conventions. Exploring various key questions, ranging from concept definitions of affect and temporality, to complex entanglements of various social dimensions and ethical questions, this accessible guide provides a robust theoretical and methodological framework for researching of resistance and social change. By drawing connections between resistance and politics, between performance and everyday strategies, and between the juridical and its counter-strategies, this book provides students with a transdisciplinary understanding of contemporary debates in this emerging field.
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| 8. |
- Biszczanik, Kamila, 1984-
(author)
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Fängelsets historia
- 2018. - 1
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In: Kriminalvården. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144125787 ; , s. 19-30
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Sturup, Joakim, et al.
(author)
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Increased Gun Violence Among Young Males in Sweden : a Descriptive National Survey and International Comparison
- 2019
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In: European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0928-1371 .- 1572-9869. ; 25:4, s. 365-378
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This population-based time-trend study examines gun violence rates among males in Sweden during the years 1996 to 2015 and compares the rate in Sweden to other Western European countries. Data were collected from six registries and are presented descriptively per 100,000 inhabitants. The risks among males in Sweden increased considerably in both lethal and non-lethal gun victimization and perpetration. Among males aged 15 to 29 there was a five-fold increase in risk for victimization in lethal and non-lethal gun violence during the 20-year observation period. In a comparative perspective the rate of gun homicide victimization among males 15 to 29 years was higher in Sweden compared to other Western European countries, while the risk for males over age 30 was at an average level. Based on the results of this study we conclude that gun violence among young males in Sweden has been on the rise and is at a high level compared to other Western European countries. The development of gun violence in Sweden can be characterized as endemic, prevalent in both population and socially vulnerable areas.
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| 11. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962, et al.
(author)
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The Best Interest of Children and the Basis of Family Policy: The Issue of Reproductive Caring Units
- 2012
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In: Cutas, D & Chan, S (eds.). Families: Beyond the Nuclear Ideal. - London and New York : Bloomsbury Academic. - 9781780930107
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The notion of the best interest of children figures prominently in family and reproductive policy discussions and there is a considerable body of empirical research attempting to connect the interests of children to how families and society interact. Most of this research regards the effects of societal responses to perceived problems in families, thus underlying policy on interventions such as adoption, foster care and temporary assumption of custodianship, but also support structures that help families cope with various challenges. However, reference to the best interest of children can also be applied to a more basic issue in family policy, namely that of what is to be considered a family in the first place. This issue does not raise any questions regarding the proper conditions for when society should intervene in or change the family context of a child. Rather, it is about what social configurations should be recognized as a potentially fitting context for children to enter into and (if all goes well) eventually develop into adulthood within /.../ such that society’s default institutional arrangements allow it to have (by sexual and artificial reproduction, adoption, and combinations of these), care for and/or guard children. [This] will frame any further discussion of /.../ policies having further implications for, for example, the practices of adoption and reproductive technology, as well as regulation of custody in the event of separation or parental disagreement.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Liwång, Hans, et al.
(author)
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An examination of the implementation of risk based approaches in military operations
- 2014
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In: Journal of Military Studies. - Helsinki : National Defense University, Finland and Finnish Society of Military Sciences. - 1799-3350 .- 2242-3524. ; 5:2, s. 1-27
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Today several nations utilise risk based approaches in military planning. However, the discussion on limitations with the approaches in regard to aspects such as uncertainties, the nature of the threat and risk to civilians is limited.The aim of this work is to identify important challenges when applying risk based approaches to military activity. This article discusses risk based approaches in general and their military applications. Five generic quality requirements on risk analysis are presented from research in risk philosophy. Two military application areas for risk analysis: military intelligence, and risk management in legal assessments are analysed in relation to the presented quality requirements on risk analysis.From the analysis it is clear that risk analysis is an integral part of the decision-making analysis and cannot be separated in time, space or organisationally from the decision-making process in general. Defining the scenario to analyse, including the time span, is a central task in risk analysis and will affect every aspect of the risk estimation. Therefore, the principles for scenario definition must be communicated and continuously updated throughout the organisation. Handling the uncertainties throughout the process is also important, especially if the aim is a resilient military system.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Stamatakis, Nikolaos, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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An Analysis of Emotional and Psychological Issues among Males at the Correctional Institution in St. Vincent and the Grenadines
- 2021
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In: Criminology and Post-Mortem Studies - Analyzing Criminal Behaviour and Making Medical Decisions. - London : INTECH. - 9781839627750 - 9781839627736 ; , s. 1-27
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent findings suggest that emotional instability and psychological disorder rate in prison is three times higher than in the general population. Prisoners – especially males – are also at increased risk of all-cause victimization including violence and self-harm. This research sought to identify and analyze the emotions that incarcerated males at the Correctional Institutions in St. Vincent and the Grenadines have had and or were encountering, as well as the manner these emotions were being dealt with. It also sets out to ascertain some of the factors that were playing prominent roles in the lives of incarcerated males regarding those emotions. Up to date, there has been no research work done on males and their emotions in St. Vincent and the Grenadines nor any study regarding inmates in the correctional institution. The administration of a short questionnaire formed the quantitative collection instrument, which provided data from 150 inmates. The data analysis was performed via SPSS, and the findings point to a cross-section of relational factors that are relevant to males and their emotions (namely, abuse, crying, bonds, and suicidal thoughts). It was found that males are struggling emotionally with understanding their identity and are inadvertently pressured to adhere to societal directives by restricting their emotional expression.
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| 18. |
- Stamatakis, Nikolaos, 1980-
(author)
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Authority and Legitimacy : A Quantitative Study of Youth’s Perceptions on the Brazilian Police
- 2017
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In: Police brutality, racial profiling, and discrimination in the criminal justice system. - Hershey PA, USA : IGI Global. - 9781522510888 - 9781522510895 ; , s. 151-213
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Today, the majority of research has focused on legitimacy, while much less attention has been given to the sources of trust in the police (Nix et al., 2014). Limited attention has been also paid to the examination of legitimacy of the police services as viewed by those they serve (Bottoms & Tankebe, 2013), especially by the young people. Hence, the current study aims to add to this body of research in three ways. First, it examines the factors that influence peoples' beliefs about the police and their intentions to cooperate or exhibit confidence. Second, this study constitutes one of the first empirical analyses that highlight the importance of examining the relationship between police authority and legitimacy in Brazil. Aiming to understand the dynamics among those notions in relation to trust and obedience, the empirical part of the present study is conducted in the district of Jardim Ângela (Sao Paolo); once considered as the most violent urban region in the world. The final contribution lies in its focus on early adolescence as the particular age forms a crucial period in peoples' legal socialization (Dirikx & Van den Bulck, 2014). The statistical analysis shows significant relationships between the frequency of obedience in laws and trust in the police, and dimensions of perceived legitimacy.
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| 19. |
- Stamatakis, Nikolaos, 1980-
(author)
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Domestic Violence, Law Enforcement, and Traditional Practices in Fiji Islands : A Comprehensive Examination
- 2024
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In: Global Trends in Law Enforcement - Theory and Practice. - London, UK : INTECH.
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Domestic violence is a pervasive global issue that transcends geographical, cultural, and socioeconomic boundaries. In the Fiji Islands, domestic violence is a multifaceted problem deeply rooted in cultural traditions, socio-economic factors, and historical influences. This comprehensive essay explores the intricate relationship between domestic violence, law enforcement, and traditional practices in Fiji. It delves into the prevalence of domestic violence, the role of law enforcement, the influence of cultural traditions, and the complexities involved in combating this issue. By examining the cultural and historical context of Fiji, as well as the legal framework in place, support services, and collaborative efforts with traditional practices, this essay seeks to gain a comprehensive understanding of the interplay of these factors in addressing domestic violence in the Fiji Islands.
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| 20. |
- Stamatakis, Nikolaos, 1980-
(author)
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Impact of Religion on Restorative Justice among Female Offenders in Trinidad and Tobago
- 2022
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In: New Insights Into Emotional Intelligence. - London, UK : INTECH. - 9781803559865 ; , s. 1-19
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although restorative justice in its variety of practices has garnered considerable academic attention, there remains a gap in the research on the interrelationships between restorative justice, religion and imprisonment, especially among women. This article examines the links between restorative justice and religion in a female custodial setting. Exploratory research conducted in Trinidad and Tobago has tested the hypothesis that religion plays a role in the implementation of restorative justice in prisons in that religious inmates are more likely to have encounters with and/or apologise to their victims and perform reparative activities. However, the present empirical findings do not support this claim.
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| 21. |
- Stamatakis, Nikolaos, 1980-
(author)
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“Is Restorative Justice Greek to Me?” : Exploring Its Applicability in Greek Youth Detention Centres
- 2021
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In: European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice. - : Brill. - 0928-9569 .- 1571-8174. ; 29:3-4, s. 264-289
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Justice systems around the world are constantly working to balance reform/rehabilitation/re-entry and punishment in response to juvenile delinquency. In recent years, there has been a strong emphasis on the notion of restorative justice as an alternative approach to criminal justice, yet there continues to be a dearth of information on the interrelation between restorative justice, religion and imprisonment, especially among youth. The present research seeks to explore the applicability and possible future implementation of restorative justice programmes for late adolescent and young adult male offenders (18–21 years old) held in the Special Detention Institutions of Greece. It also aims to identify any links between restorative justice and religion in youth custodial settings among the large migrant population hosted in these institutions. A self-administered quantitative study was distributed to achieve this aim. The data analysis provided no statistically significant relationships between the inmates’ willingness to meet with their actual/surrogate victims and ask for forgiveness/restore relationships with them. Equally insignificant was found the inmates’ eagerness to get involved in restorative mediation with their capacity to acknowledge the harm that their illegal actions inflicted on others, and to make amends.
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| 22. |
- Stamatakis, Nikolaos, 1980-
(author)
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Obedience and Trust in the Brazilian Police from a Youth’s Perspective : The Preliminary Results
- 2016
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In: Iberoamericana – Nordic Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies. - : Stockholm University Press. - 2002-4509. ; 45:1, s. 51-71
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Today, the majority of research has focused on legitimacy, while much less attention has been given to the sources of trust in the police. The current study constitutes one of the first empirical analyses that highlight the importance of examining the relationship between police authority and legitimacy in Brazil while aiming to understand the dynamics among those notions in relation to trust and obedience. The empirical part of the present study is conducted in the district of Jardim Ângela (São Paulo); once considered as the most violent urban region in the world. The final contribution lies in its focus on early adolescence as the particular age forms a crucial period in people’s legal socialization (Dirikx & Van den Bulck, 2014). Finally, the statistical analysis shows significant relationships between the frequency of obedience in laws and trust in the police.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Stamatakis, Nikolaos, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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Restorative justice in Belgian prisons : the results of an empirical research
- 2013
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In: Crime, law and social change. - : Springer Nature. - 0925-4994 .- 1573-0751. ; 59:1, s. 79-111
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Justice – when spelled with a capital ‘J’ – should be discursive [31] and based on equal respect ([40]: 206, 210) allowing a plurality of voices within the discourse. Particularly in the present research, this thread of pluralism is important. Prisoners’ voices have rarely been heard. Yet, if we wish to be true to the principle that restorative justice is discursive, it follows that the discourse is not complete without also accommodating their voices. To date, little research attention has been paid to the inner motivations of imprisoned offenders for willing to participate in restorative justice initiatives, as well as to their perceptions about their relationships with the victim and the community and the impact of religion on them. Hence, the present empirical study, conducted in several prisons across Belgium, endeavours to shed light on these aspects that have been theoretically overlooked, providing valuable information at policy-level about the design of future restorative justice programmes.
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| 25. |
- Stamatakis, Nikolaos, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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Restorative justice in custodial settings : altering the focus of imprisonment
- 2011
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In: Acta Criminologica: African Journal of Criminology and Victimology. ; 24:1, s. 44-66
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To what extend is the traditional model of imprisonment still relevant today? Has the time come for a radical re-thinking of the notion of punishment? Is restorative justice the notion that will 'penetrate' the prisons' walls and manage to alter and re-shape the concept of imprisonment? Restorative justice advocates have been sceptical about the compatibility and appropriateness of implementing restorative programmes in prison regimes. Although such programmes, being largely at an experimental phase, have already been developed within custodial settings, critics still tend to be conflicted about the possibility of integrating a restorative justice ethos within a punishment-based institution, such as prison. These criticisms, raised in the present article, are based on existing conceptual and operational obstacles concerning the very nature of prisons, which are taken into consideration before envisaging or providing guidelines for the construction of a 'restorative prison'.
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| 26. |
- Stamatakis, Nikolaos, 1980-
(author)
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The ‘blue leviathan’ : Perceptions of youth on police violence and impunity in Argentina
- 2016
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In: The Police Journal. - : SAGE Publications. - 0032-258X .- 1740-5599. ; 90:4, s. 318-347
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There have been complaints against the Argentinian police for decades (CELS, 2013, 2015). The Argentinian police (either federal, national, prefectural or military) have been characterised as the ‘blue leviathan’ (Saín, 2008), being responsible for gross human rights violations and excessive violence committed against civilians. The present article focuses on youth, aiming to explore their perceptions regarding police violence and impunity based on past negative experiences in one of the most affected areas in the metropolitan region of Buenos Aires, the Mitre neighbourhood. The quantitative data gathered for this study furthers the discussion on institutional legitimacy and the mutual relationship between the development of confidence, obedience in law and procedural justice, in Argentina and beyond.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Lenninger, Sara M.
(author)
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Narratives and the semiotic freedom of children
- 2021
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In: Sign System Studies. - 1406-4243 .- 1736-7409. ; 49:1, s. 216-234
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Both adults’ habits-of-thought and their understanding of children’s stories shape how adults interpret children’s participation in conversations. In the light of the requests on children’s rights that follow from the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) this paper stresses the relevance of authorities having semiotically informed knowledge on children’s meaning-making within conversations with adults. In Article 12, the CRC stipulates the right of children to participate in and to be heard about decisions that affect their everyday lives. According to the same Article, however, these rights can be restrained, based on the authority’s judgements of the child’s age and maturity. Sociological studies have highlighted the importance of adopting the child’s perspective in judging matters that concern her. The present paper further suggests that narrow conceptualization of the sign can help one to observe different levels of meaning in adults’ and children’s conversations better. Although Paul Ricoeur did not investigate children’s narratives per se, his theory of narratives and narrativity offers a phenomenological approach to development that allows for better theoretical discriminations of narrative as a semiotic resource, and can thus assist adults in truly listening to children.
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| 30. |
- Dingu-Kyrklund, Elena
(author)
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Nationality and the child: children’s right to citizenship - the Swedish case
- 2004
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In: The 3rd European Conference on Nationality “Nationality and the Child” 11-12 October 2004.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The right to citizenship is an important right that every child should enjoy. In a general discussion on nationality, acquisition and loss of citizenship, the rights of the child against the background of extensive international migration, the article argues about the multiple aspects embedded in the citizenship concept and its practical content, presenting the legal status quo in the matter in the Swedish context.
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| 31. |
- Ekerholm, Helena
(author)
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Plikt och undantag : vapenfrilagstiftningen och det manliga medborgarskapet i Sverige 1965-1978
- 2014
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In: Historisk Tidskrift. - : Svenska Historiska Föreningen. - 0345-469X .- 2002-4827. ; 134:1, s. 31-63
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In countries where military conscription has been in force such service has been defined as a masculine duty as opposed to feminine caring and life giving duties. Conscientious objectors not only question a societal contract of duties and civil rights; they also challenge a politically hegemonic masculinity by opting out of one of its main homosocial arenas. This article investigates the changes made to non-combatant conscription service legislation and how it was discussed and designed as a condition for male citizenship in Sweden 1965–1978.In 1963, the Social democrats and the Liberals demanded changes in the restrictive non-combatant conscription legislation adopted during World War II. Critics regarded the connection of the non-combatant services to the armed forces as too manifest. New legislation was introduced in 1966. A state board was established to evaluate requests for civil service, transferring evaluation from the military to the civilian sector. The non-combatant service areas were expanded in order to take individual requests into consideration, without compromising the need for conscripts within the total national defense. Members of Jehovah’s Witnesses, who refused unconditionally, were controversially exempt from all service, as they were deemed unfit, comparable to alcoholics and anti-socials.A notable increase of ethical and political non-combatant applications in the last years of the 1960s and early 1970s proved challenging to the 1966 legislation. In 1973 a new governmental commission was appointed to propose changes. One problem was the application evaluation board’s partiality towards religious objectors and the nature of the proceedings, which were criticized for being too intrusive, thus clashing with the objectors’ civil rights. In 1978 the approved service sectors were further expanded into the civilian sector, for example by allowing environmental work, school assistance and service with the Red Cross. The legislative changes indicate that the link between conditioned male citizenship and military service was weakened, when challenged by the non-combatants’ alternative masculinities.
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| 32. |
- Larsson, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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Towards a Socio-Legal Robotics: A Theoretical Framework on Norms and Adaptive Technologies
- 2023
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In: International Journal of Social Robotics. - : Springer. - 1875-4805 .- 1875-4791. ; , s. 1-14
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- While recent progress has been made in several fields of data-intense AI-research, many applications have been shown to be prone to unintendedly reproduce social biases, sexism and stereotyping, including but not exclusive to gender. As more of these design-based, algorithmic or machine learning methodologies, here called adaptive technologies, become embedded in robotics, we see a need for a developed understanding of what role social norms play in social robotics, particularly with regards to fairness. To this end, we i) we propose a framework for a socio-legal robotics, primarily drawn from Sociology of Law and Gender Studies. This is then ii) related to already established notions of acceptability and personalisation in social robotics, here with a particular focus on iii) the interplay between adaptive technologies and social norms. In theorising this interplay for social robotics, we look not only to current statuses of social robots, but draw from identified AI-methods that can be seen to influence robotics in the near future. This theoretical framework, we argue, can help us point to concerns of relevance for questions of fairness in human-robot interaction.
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| 33. |
- Schömer, Eva, 1960-, et al.
(author)
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Jämställdhetens dilemman
- 2003. - 1
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In: Mer än bara kvinnor och än. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144024660 ; , s. 89-118, s. 89-117
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 34. |
- Tanqueray, Laetitia, et al.
(author)
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Gender Fairness in Social Robotics : Exploring a Future Care of Peripartum Depression
- 2022
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In: Proceedings of the 2022 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction : Alt.HRI - Our Robotics Futures: A Time Capsule - Alt.HRI - Our Robotics Futures: A Time Capsule. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781538685549 ; , s. 598-607, s. 598-607
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper we investigate the possibility of socially assistive robots (SARs) supporting diagnostic screening for peripartum depression (PPD) within the next five years. Through a HRI/socio-legal collaboration, we explore the gender norms within PPD in Sweden, to inform a gender-sensitive approach to designing SARs in such a setting, as well as governance implications. This is achieved through conducting expert interviews and qualitatively analysing the data. Based on the results, we conclude that a gender-sensitive approach is a necessity in relation to the design and governance of SARs for PPD screening.
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| 35. |
- Tanqueray, Laetitia, et al.
(author)
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What Norms Are Social Robots Reflecting? A Socio-Legal Exploration on HRI Developers
- 2023
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In: Social Robots in Social Institutions : Proceedings of Robophilosophy 2022 - Proceedings of Robophilosophy 2022. - 9781643683751 - 9781643683744 ; 366, s. 305-314
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- By relying on theory from sociology of law and data feminism, this study showcases the norms guiding development in human-robot interaction. This qualitative study consists of an ethnography of the HRI conference 2021 and expert interviews which were merged and analysed using an ethnographic content analysis method on NVivo. The socio-legal data feminist lens enables to pinpoint the lack of clear legal involvement, the reliance on the HRI community to develop, and the normative impact this has on the overall development of social robots. This study not only aims to showcase the vital role of HRI developers, but also the need for more critical scholars in this area.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Waltman, Max
(author)
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성구매 금지와 인신매매 척결 : 스웨덴의 성매매 관련법
- 2012
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In: Women's Human Rights [South Korea]. - : Women's Human Rights Commission of Korea (WHRCK). - 2093-5714. ; 7, s. 88-122
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Swedish prostitution law from 1999, now followed by Norway and Iceland, criminalized the purchaser and decriminalized the prostituted person. This is analyzed as a cogent state response under international trafficking law, particularly to the obligations set forth in the United Nation’s Trafficking Protocol from 2000. The Protocol states that a person is regarded a trafficking victim when, e.g., someone abuses her “position of vulnerability” in order to exploit her. International jurisprudence and social evidence strongly suggest that prostitution, as practiced in the world, usually satisfies this definition. Further, the Protocol urges states to reduce the demand for prostitution and to protect and assist victims, for instance by adopting laws deterring purchasers of sex, and by supporting those exploited in prostitution. Policy makers, such as the U.S. Department of State, are criticized for taking an inadequate position in face of the growing evidence from the Swedish law's impact.The article shows that Sweden has significantly reduced the occurrence of trafficking in Sweden compared to neighboring countries. It also scrutinizes some misinformation of the law's impact, showing for instance that claims alleging a more dangerous situation for those still in prostitution after 1999 were unfounded. In addition, the article addresses remaining obstacles to the law's effective implementation, arguing that in order to realize the law's full potential to support escape from trafficking, the civil rights of prostituted persons under current law should be strengthened to enable them to claim damages directly from the purchasers for the harm to which they have contributed, and for the violation of the prostituted persons' equality and dignity - a position now recognized by the government to some extent by clarifying amendments made in 2011.
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| 38. |
- Mindus, Patricia
(author)
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Ancora sulla teoria funzionale della cittadinanza. Risposta ai critici : More on the Functional Theory of Citizenship. Reply to critics
- 2015
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In: Materiali per una storia della cultura giuridica. - : Societa Editrice Il Mulino. - 1120-9607. ; :2, s. 521-544
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper defends the functional theory of citizenship on the grounds of the conceptual map of contemporary models of citizenship that I have developed elsewhere. I address three different types of criticisms. First, the focus is on the arguments of those who believe the legal model of citizenship needs to be abandoned or rejected all together. Several reasons against this suggestion are highlighted. Second, a short discussion follows of some points made by those contributors to this volume who instead think that the legal model should be not be rejected, but that it still needs to be amended or requires development to fit contemporary migration patterns. Finally, I address the criticisms of those who believe the whole enterprise of developing a general theory of citizenship is flawed since there would be no concept of citizenship independently of political contingencies.
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| 39. |
- Waller, Nicholas, 1975
(author)
-
Fredspris för sent för indianernas hjältinna
- 2011
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In: Fria Tidningen. ; 4 (2011):98/99, s. 4-5
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Debatt Vi hör kanske inte så mycket om den, men i USA fortsätter indianernas kamp för erkännande. Nicholas Waller, doktorand i socialantropologi, berättar här om en av deras främsta företrädare, Elouise Cobell, och beklagar att hon inte hann få Nobels fredspris. Läs mer: http://www.fria.nu/artikel/91196#ixzz1hud0BjPC
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Selberg, Niklas, et al.
(author)
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Sweden
- 2020
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)
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| 43. |
- Eneman, Marie, 1969, et al.
(author)
-
Governmental Surveillance - The balance between security and privacy
- 2020
-
In: UK Academy for Information Systems Conference Proceedings 2020.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The increased digitalisation of society and recent developments in AI is laying the ground for surveillance capabilities of a magnitude we have not seen before. Surveillance can be conducted by several different actors in society, this project focuses on the Swedish police currently using a large ensemble of surveillance technologies. Earlier this year, significant legislative changes governing the police authorities use of digital surveillance were enacted. These changes mean that the police now have been given an extended mandate to use digital surveillance as part of their professional practice, which places demands on balanced decisions and informed responsibility. On the one hand, the police have an interest to use digital surveillance to increase efficiency and security in society; on the other hand, the police must balance their interests with citizen’s so-called integrity-interests and right to privacy. This study will therefore examine to what extent the Swedish Police Authority pay attention to questions such as integrity and privacy when introducing digital surveillance. The study is guided by the following questions: (i) What opportunities can be related to the implementation and use of digital surveillance in police work? (ii) What kind of challenges do the increasing use of digital surveillance create between organisational governance, police officers’ work practice, and the integrity of citizens - and how do the police tackle these challenges? Theoretically, we draw on the established research fields on surveillance and privacy and empirically this study is designed as a qualitative study of the Swedish Police as our main case.
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| 44. |
- Langlet, David, 1977, et al.
(author)
-
Energy efficient transition in Sweden: triggers and barriers for retrofitting processes in municipality owned housing companies
- 2014
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In: ENHR Edinburgh July 1-4, 2014. Book of abstracts.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Globally and in Europe, the housing sector is responsible for a large share of the energy use, and large efforts have therefore been directed towards reduced energy use in the housing sector. In Sweden 39 percent of the energy use relate to “housing and business locations”, there is an ambition to reduce the energy use with 20 percent until year 2020, following the EU directive of energy efficiency. However, the national government has up to present responded quite hesitantly to the energy efficiency debate, possibly as the National Institute of Economic Research (NIER) claims that relevant transition measures will be met regardless of any specific measures directed to the sector of housing. Yet, the project group Collaborative learning for urban energy efficiency (the ClueE-project) has studied a number of examples where energy efficient retrofitting takes place in sub-urban areas. A central question for the overall project was: What are the major triggers and barriers in retrofitting processes, with special regards to the social sciences? From a financial point of view, the costs of energy efficient retrofitting are demanding, as most of the heating in these areas to 90 percent are sustainable district-heating. But seen from the perspective of the ‘third generation of energy policies’, there is an increasing potential today for local energy production solutions, zero-houses, or even houses that generates a surplus of energy, energy-plus-houses. The judicial tools used in these processes does not relate to minimum quality levels, rather, a more conscious use of the public procurement act is activated, as wise use of partnering contracting. The ClueE study also found that it is not specifically environmentally interested tenants that have been attracted by the energy efficient apartments, rather that has been the opportunity at hand. The lower ecological footprints of these tenants are supported as these groups are among the poorest segments of the population. To conclude, the core triggers found were: the necessity of broad political anchoring across majority and opposition, inclusive and transparent tenant-dialogues, comparable indicators in relation to evaluations and benchmarking. A more general conclusion is that more attention needs to be directed towards business locations, as the private homes’ market.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Chapron, Guillaume, et al.
(author)
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What is an emergency? Neonicotinoids and emergency situations in plant protection in the EU
- 2022
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In: AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 51, s. 1764–1771-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Actions potentially harmful to the environment that are otherwise illegal are sometimes permitted in cases of emergency. How to define an emergency can therefore be both controversial and highly consequential. In this article, we explore one such contemporary controversy: when the use of neonicotinoid pesticides, banned in the EU, can nevertheless be granted an emergency authorization. We analyse several questions, currently before the EU Court of Justice in the ongoing Pesticide Action Network Europe and Others case, that will determine the scope of an "emergency" in the context of derogating from the Pesticide Regulation, and that may impact how "emergencies" are defined in other legal contexts. We argue that the circumstances do not support a legal finding that emergency authorization is justified in this case, and that, in general, "emergencies" must be narrowly defined when justifying measures that involve risks to human health and the environment.
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| 47. |
-
Collaborating Against Child Abuse : Exploring the Nordic Barnahus Model
- 2017. - 1
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Editorial collection (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This edited collection explores the background and implementation of the Nordic Barnahus (or 'Children's House') model - recognised as one of the most important reforms related to children who are the victims of crime in the Nordic region. This book discusses both its potential to affect change and the challenges facing it. The model was introduced as a response to a growing recognition of the need for more integrated and child-centred services for children exposed to violence and sexual abuse. In the Barnahus structure, different professions work together to ensure that victimized children receive help and treatment and that their legal rights are met. This original study is organised in four broad themes: child-friendliness, support and treatment; the forensic child investigative interview; children's rights perspectives; and interagency collaboration and professional autonomy. Each themed section includes in-depth chapters from different Nordic countries, outlining and analysing the practice and outcomes of the collaborative work engaged in by Barnahus from different perspectives. The introductory and concluding chapters offer a comparative lens useful for policy and practice implementation within the Nordic welfare state context and beyond, ensuring this book has global academic and practical appeal.
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| 48. |
- Klapwijk, Maartje, et al.
(author)
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Reducing the risk of invasive forest pests and pathogens : Combining legislation, targeted management and public awareness
- 2016
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In: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 45, s. S223-S234
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Intensifying global trade will result in increased numbers of plant pest and pathogen species inadvertently being transported along with cargo. This paper examines current mechanisms for prevention and management of potential introductions of forest insect pests and pathogens in the European Union (EU). Current European legislation has not been found sufficient in preventing invasion, establishment and spread of pest and pathogen species within the EU. Costs associated with future invasions are difficult to estimate but past invasions have led to negative economic impacts in the invaded country. The challenge is combining free trade and free movement of products (within the EU) with protection against invasive pests and pathogens. Public awareness may mobilise the public for prevention and detection of potential invasions and, simultaneously, increase support for eradication and control measures. We recommend focus on commodities in addition to pathways, an approach within the EU using a centralised response unit and, critically, to engage the general public in the battle against establishment and spread of these harmful pests and pathogens.
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| 49. |
- Larsson, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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AI i offentlig sektor : Från etiska riktlinjer till lagstiftning
- 2022
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In: De Lege årsbok 2021 : Law, AI & Digitalization - Law, AI & Digitalization. - 1102-3317. - 9789177371670 ; 2021, s. 467-495
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Användningen av artificiell intelligens (AI), det vill säga en rad primärt databeroende metoder och teknologier för bland annat prediktion och automation, tycks bidra till en omvälvande period i den offentliga förvaltningen. Detta skifte föranleder ett styrningsbehov, ofta kopplat till tillitsfrågor, vilket i en internationell kontext inte minst syns i en stor mängd etiska riktlinjer och principiella dokument som publicerats under de senaste få åren. Styrningen befinner sig därmed i en formativ period, vilket inte minst tydliggörs i och med EU-kommissionens förslag på den förordning om harmoniserade regler för AI (rättsakt om AI) som publicerades i april 2021. I detta kapitel belyser vi denna styrningsutveckling i sig, visar på dess mest centrala delar, samt analyserar den svenska offentliga AI-användningen i dess ljus.
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| 50. |
- Mindus, Patricia
(author)
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What Does E- add to Democracy? : Designing an Agenda for Democracy Theory In the Information Age
- 2014
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In: Transforming Politics and Policy in the Digital Age. - Hershey, PA : IGI Global. - 9781466660380 - 1466660384 - 9781466660397 ; , s. 200-223
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Technologies carry politics since they embed values. It is therefore surprising that mainstream political and legal theory have taken the issue so lightly. Compared to what has been going on over the past few decades in the other branches of practical thought, namely ethics, economics, and the law, political theory lags behind. Yet the current emphasis on Internet politics that polarizes the apologists holding the Web to overcome the one-to-many architecture of opinion building in traditional representative democracy, and the critics who warn that cyber-optimism entails authoritarian technocracy has acted as a wake up call. This chapter sets the problem, “What is it about ICTs, as opposed to previous technical devices, that impact on politics and determine uncertainty about democratic matters?,” into the broad context of practical philosophy by offering a conceptual map of clusters of micro-problems and concrete examples relating to “e-democracy.” The point is to highlight when and why the hyphen of e-democracy has a conjunctive or a disjunctive function in respect to stocktaking from past experiences and settled democratic theories. The chapter's claim is that there is considerable scope to analyse how and why online politics fail or succeed. The field needs both further empirical and theoretical work.
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