| 1. |
- Dervishaj, Arlind, et al.
(författare)
-
A digital workflow for assessing lifespan, carbonation, and embodied carbon of reusing concrete in buildings
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Building Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 2352-7102. ; 96, s. 1-23
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Concrete is the most used construction material, accounting for 8% of global CO2 emissions. Various strategies aim to reduce concrete's embodied carbon, such as using supplementary cementitious materials, utilizing cleaner energy, and carbonation. However, a large potential lies in reusing concrete for new buildings in a Circular Economy, thereby closing material loops and avoiding CO2 emissions.This study focuses on the reuse of precast concrete elements. We present a digital workflow for assessing reuse by predicting the remaining service life, estimating CO2 uptake by natural carbonation, and calculating the embodied carbon savings of concrete reuse. Both carbonation rates from EN 16757 and our investigation were applied to a case study building.While EN 16757 rates suggest that most precast elements have reached the end of their service life, our assessment shows that these elements have a sufficient lifespan for reuse. Plaster and coverings significantly delay carbonation and extend service life. During the first service life following EN 16757, carbonation was 19,2 kg CO2/m3, whereas our prediction was 5,4 kg CO2/m3. Moreover, CO2 uptake during service life, including reuse, was less than 6% of the embodied carbon. The climate benefits of reuse greatly exceeded those of carbonation.Furthermore, carbonation did not have a decisive influence when applying Cut-Off, Distributed, and End-of-Life allocations for assessing embodied carbon of re-used elements in subsequent life cycles. The digital workflow is useful in quickly assessing lifespan, carbonation, and embodied carbon of concrete. It can be leveraged as a decision-making tool when designing for reuse.
|
|
| 2. |
- Mathern, Alexandre, 1986, et al.
(författare)
-
Concrete Support Structures for Offshore Wind Turbines: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Trends
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1073 .- 1996-1073. ; 14:7
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today’s offshore wind turbine support structures market is largely dominated by steel structures, since steel monopiles account for the vast majority of installations in the last decade and new types of multi-leg steel structures have been developed in recent years. However, as wind turbines become bigger, and potential sites for offshore wind farms are located in ever deeper waters and ever further from the shore, the conditions for the design, transport, and installation of support structures are changing. In light of these facts, this paper identifies and categorizes the challenges and future trends related to the use of concrete for support structures of future offshore wind projects. To do so, recent advances and technologies still under development for both bottom-fixed and floating concrete support structures have been reviewed. It was found that these new developments meet the challenges associated with the use of concrete support structures, as they will allow the production costs to be lowered and transport and installation to be facilitated. New technologies for concrete support structures used at medium and great water depths are also being developed and are expected to become more common in future offshore wind installations. Therefore, the new developments identified in this paper show the likelihood of an increase in the use of concrete support structures in future offshore wind farms. These developments also indicate that the complexity of future support structures will increase due to the development of hybrid structures combining steel and concrete. These evolutions call for new knowledge and technical know-how in order to allow reliable structures to be built and risk-free offshore installation to be executed.
|
|
| 3. |
- Larsson, Bengt, 1943-, et al.
(författare)
-
Component manufacturers’ perceptions of managing innovation
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Building Research & Information. - London : Informa UK Limited. - 0961-3218 .- 1466-4321. ; 34:6, s. 552-564
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this research is to understand component manufacturers' perception of their role in the innovation process. The role of the component manufacturer is different to other construction sector actors because they are product- not project-orientated. Base information was taken from part of a large benchmarking study conducted in Sweden. This helped to identify a small number of established component manufacturers located in a large geographical area of Sweden suitable for further investigation. Information about ten manufacturers was collected and interviews were conducted with their managing directors. The interviews revealed considerable variation in the manufacturers' perception of their position in the innovation process, their approach to new product development and interaction with their customers. Manufacturers were then graded according to their benchmarking and innovation procedures, which helped to illustrate a link between communication and information-sharing practices, benchmarking and innovation. The main findings are that the more innovative companies use information and benchmarking activities to their benefit. The more innovative companies have established a balance between innovations in process and product, have a clear direction from their managing director, and engage in regular communication with their customers.
|
|
| 4. |
- Dervishaj, Arlind
(författare)
-
Sunlight Autonomy for Sustainable Buildings and Cities : Maximizing daylight potential outdoors and indoors
- 2024
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Daylight, both outdoors and indoors, is essential for human well-being. However, daylight provision often faces challenges in various climates and locations, due to factors such as shortcomings in regulations, urban densification, deregulation or special exemptions, and the limitations of existing daylight and sunlight evaluation methods. To address these issues, we propose the Sunlight Autonomy, a new methodology and set of metrics, that aims to overcome the limitations of existing early-stage daylighting metrics and is valuable for urban planning and architectural design purposes.
|
|
| 5. |
- Dipasquale, C., et al.
(författare)
-
Database of energy, environmental and economic indicators of renovation packages for European residential buildings
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0378-7788 .- 1872-6178. ; 203
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing the energy efficiency with a vast impact in the residential building stock requires retrofit solutions that can be exploited with respect to a wide range of different building typologies and climates. Several tools and methodologies are nowadays available both for the assessment of building demands and for the individuation of optimum retrofit solutions. However, they are usually either too complex to be adopted by professionals or, on the contrary, oversimplified to account for the full complexity of a deep envelope and HVAC system retrofit. In this context, this paper describes a methodology developed to generate reliable information on retrofit solutions for typical buildings in different climatic conditions. Detailed numerical models are used to simulate a number of combinations of envelope and HVAC systems retrofit measures and renewable energy integration. Energy performance results are gathered in a database that allows comparing solutions, spanning over a range of more than 250,000 combinations of building types, age of construction, climates, envelope performance levels and HVAC systems configurations. Economic feasibility is also derived for each of the combinations. In this way, the accurateness of a detailed and validated calculation is made available to assist during the decision making process, with minimum computational effort being required by professionals: the variety and density of evaluated combinations allows to easily assess the performance of a specific case by interpolating among instances previously assessed. The applicability of the results to different climates and similar building typologies is verified by a comparison of the database results with a specific case dynamic simulation.
|
|
| 6. |
- Stolen, Reidar, et al.
(författare)
-
Solcelleteknologi og brannsikkerhet
- 2018
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bruken av solcelleteknologi er i stor vekst i Norge. I denne studien er branntekniske utfordringer ved bruk av solcelleteknologi undersøkt, med hensyn på brannstart, brannspredning og brannslokking. Studien danner et kunnskapsgrunnlag for å ivareta brannsikkerheten under montering, drift og under slokkeinnsats, samt for å utforme et enhetlig og tydelig regelverk. Resultatene fra studien viser:Brannstart: Solcelleinstallasjoner inneholder mange koblingspunkt, som kan være potensielle tennkilder, og en liten mengde brennbare materialer. Dermed er det som trengs til stede for å starte en brann. Det er viktig at alle kontaktpunkter i solcelleinstallasjonen er robuste og tåler den påkjenningen de blir utsatt for gjennom sin levetid uten at det oppstår dårlig kontakt som kan føre til brann.Brannspredning: For utenpåmonterte solcellemoduler er det ofte en åpen luftspalte mellom modul og bygning. Dersom det er en brann i denne luftspalten, vil varmen kunne bli akkumulert, noe som kan føre til raskere og større brannspredning enn om bygningsoverflaten ikke hadde vært tildekket. I fullskalaforsøk med solcellemoduler montert på tak spredte brannen seg under hele arealet som var dekket av moduler, men stoppet da den nærmet seg kanten av dette arealet. Dette illustrerer viktigheten av at områder med solceller utenpå en bygning blir seksjonert for å unngå brannspredning. Eventuelt kan det benyttes mindre brennbare materialer på taket under solcellemodulene for å motvirke den økte varmepåkjenningen som solcellemodulene gir. Luftspalten mellom modul og bygning kan potensielt også gi endringer i luftstrømningen langs bygget, som igjen kan påvirke brannspredningen.Brannslokking: Brannvesenet har behov for informasjon om det er solcelleinstallasjon i bygget og hvilke deler av det elektriske anlegget som kan være spenningssatt. Under slokkeinnsats må brannvesenet ta hensyn til berøringsfare, og fare for at det kan oppstå lysbuer og andre feil som kan føre til nye antennelsespunkt. Ferskvann kan brukes som slokkemiddel, dette må spyles fra minimum 1 meters avstand med spredt stråle og minimum 5 meters avstand med samlet stråle. Solcellemoduler kan komplisere brannslokking ved at de danner en fysisk barriere mellom brannvesenet og brannen, samt fordi det må tas hensyn til plassering av spenningssatte komponenter. Når disse punktene er tatt høyde for, bør ikke utenpåmonterte solcelleinstallasjoner være et problem.Videre arbeid: For utenpåmonterte solcelleinstallasjoner, er det lite forskning på vertikal montering (på fasader), og hvordan en eventuell endret branndynamikk kan påvirke brannspredning og slokking. Videre er det i dag økende bruk av bygningsintegrerte solcelleinstallasjoner, noe som gir mange mulige nye utfordringer for brannsikkerheten og for regelverk, ettersom solcellen da er en del av bygningskroppen, samtidig som den er en elektrisk komponent. Tysk statistikk tyder på at brannrisiko for slike installasjoner kan være større enn for utenpåmonterte solcelleinstallasjoner, og dette vil det derfor være viktig å undersøke nærmere.
|
|
| 7. |
- Säwén, Toivo, 1993
(författare)
-
Early Stage Architectural Design Practice Perspectives on Life Cycle Building Performance Assessment
- 2023
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Architectural practitioners can avoid negative social and environmental impacts of new construction by making decisions supported by impact quantification during design processes. However, most software tools developed for such quantification see little use in practice, especially in early design stages when decisions have the greatest influence. To identify ways for software developers to overcome this situation, a thorough literature meta-review of previously performed tool reviews was combined with interviews applying a practice lens. The first key finding is that a possible explanation for the low tool uptake in practice could be a missing practice perspective in previous tool development efforts. In a literature meta-review of publications on life cycle building performance tools identifying previously applied perspectives, most previous tool reviews were found to support tool development and selection, while disregarding how tools can be integrated in existing practices and design processes. As a proposed solution, a framework for defining software requirements using a practice perspective was developed. The second key finding is that a practice perspective could be applied during software development by implementing qualitative methodologies. Nine architectural practitioners in Sweden, Norway and France were interviewed using the interview to the double, a projective technique in which the interviewee is asked to describe their next workday in detail so that their tasks can be assumed by an imagined body double. The design activities described by the respondents were sequenced into user narratives which could serve as starting points for participatory software development processes within the architectural practice. The outcomes - a proposed framework for practice-centric software requirements, and a proposed methodology for collecting these requirements using a practice lens - indicate a research direction toward software development efforts which aligns with design process, architectural practice, and tool user needs. In the next stage of the research this direction will be pursued through application of the developed methodologies in participatory development case studies in early-stage architectural design practice.
|
|
| 8. |
- Jalilzadehazhari, Elaheh, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
Achieving a trade‐off construction solution using BIM, an optimization algorithm, and a multi‐criteria decision‐making method
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Buildings. - Basel, Switzerland : MDPI. - 2075-5309. ; 9:4, s. 1-14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Energy Performance of Building Directive obligated all European countries to reduce the energy requirements of buildings while simultaneously improving indoor environment quality. Any such improvements not only enhance the health of the occupants and their productivity, but also provide further economic benefits at the national level. Accomplishing this task requires a method that allows building professionals to resolve conflicts between visual and thermal comfort, energy demands, and life‐cycle costs. To overcome these conflicts, this study exploits the incorporation of building information modelling (BIM), the design of experiments as an optimization algorithm, and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) into a multi‐criteria decision‐ making method. Any such incorporation can (i) create constructive communication between building professionals, such as architects, engineers, and energy experts; (ii) allow the analysis of the performance of multiple construction solutions with respect to visual and thermal comfort, energy demand, and life‐cycle costs; and (iii) help to select a trade‐off solution, thereby making a suitable decision. Three types of energy‐efficient windows, and five types of ground floors, roofs, and external wall constructions were considered as optimization variables. The incorporation of several methods allowed the analysis of the performance of 375 construction solutions based on a combination of optimization variables, and helped to select a trade‐off solution. The results showed the strength of incorporation for analyzing big‐data through the intelligent use of BIM and a simulation in the field of the built environment, energy, and costs. However, when applying AHP, the results are strongly contingent on pairwise comparisons
|
|
| 9. |
- Sundqvist, Jan, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
-
Cooperation in the building sector between building-material manufacturers and contractors to develop products
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Australian Journal of Construction Economics and Building. - 1837-9133. ; 7:2, s. 45-53
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Australian Construction Industry is now facing skills shortages in all trades. As an industry focused on the skill of its workforce, there is now concern the Australian standard in quality, workmanship, and productivity will inhibit both at national and international level.This research paper addresses the underlying, influential factors concerning skills shortages in the Australian construction industry. The influential factors addressed include funding, training statistics, employer expectations, financial limitations, Industrial Relations and immigration. Given the reference to skills shortages within the industry, and documented in related literature, if skills shortages are to continue to exist, their effect will impact upon the overall performance of construction companies throughout Australia.
|
|
| 10. |
- Sundqvist, Jan, 1949-
(författare)
-
From focus on price to the pyramid of innovation, information, cooperation, value and trust : A success story of five Swedish building material manufacturers
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Australian Journal of Construction Economics & Building. ; 8:2, s. 11-22
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is a reprint from vol 8 no 2 which has not previously beeen available electronically.In the building sector, value for the customer, is often regarded as being value for money and this, in turn, is achieved by means of competitive tendering. However, there are companies that also focus on innovation as a competitive parameter in their contribution; hereafter referred to as innovative companies. Five managing directors from innovative companies in Sweden were interviewed about how innovation is dealt with in their respective companies. As well as the importance of information, this study points to two additional important factors for innovation, namely cooperation with a carefully chosen partner and the transference of values to the employees. Those innovative companies made careful choices and use means of information, cooperation, value and vision to create innovation in order to build trust for the company and for its products and services.
|
|
| 11. |
-
INNOTRACK: Concluding technical report
- 2010
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- The track structure, rails, switches and crossings account for more than 50% of maintenance and renewal costs for the rail industry. To improve the competitiveness of rail transportation, the cost-efficiency of these areas needs to be addressed.This the background to INNOTRACK, an integrated research project funded by the European Commission’s 6th research framework pro- gramme. Running from September 2006 to December 2009, INN- OTRACK has developed a multitude of innovative solutions in the areas of track substructure, rails & welds, and switches & crossings. The solutions have been assessed from technical, logistics and life cycle cost point of views.This Concluding Technical Report of INNOTRACK includes an overview of the project. It further details implementable results, and clusters them into ”highlight” areas. In addition, the book acts as a ”key” to the vast amount of information from INNOTRACK: All sections refer to project reports where more information can be found.
|
|
| 12. |
- Rempling, Rasmus, 1976, et al.
(författare)
-
Utmattning
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Betonghandbok material - Hårdnad betong, fysikaliska egenskaper och beständighet. - 9789179170882 ; , s. 485-510
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 13. |
- Täljsten, Björn, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessment of prestressed concrete bridges - challenges
- 2020
-
Ingår i: IABSE Symposium, Wroclaw 2020. - Zürich : International Association For Bridge And Structural Engineering (IABSE). ; , s. 487-494
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prestressed concrete bridges are important parts of our infrastructure. They are susceptible to different kinds of deterioration processes. Examples of damages and deficiencies are cracking, corrosion, voids, bond loss, reduction of cover layer, delamination, fatigue and loss of stiffness and strength. This necessitates methods to continuously assess their condition in order to avoid problems that might lead to shorter service life or reduction of structural integrity. Many of the existing prestressed bridges in Europe are now approaching their design life length. However, with proper and continuous inspection, monitoring and assessment, we may plan proactive maintenance and the structural safety can be assured or – if necessary - increased. This will save both money and decrease the environmental impact of the structure.
|
|
| 14. |
- Molinari, Marco, et al.
(författare)
-
Digital twin of the Live-In Lab Testbed KTH: development and calibration
- 2020
-
Ingår i: BuildSIM-Nordic 2020. - Oslo : sintef akademisk forlag.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the last decade, the development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has enabled unprecedented possibilities to tackle worldwide ambitious sustainability targets. Demonstration facilities like the KTH Live-In Lab are fundamental for the adoption of ICT solutions for energy efficiency and sustainability in buildings. The Live-In Lab monitoring infrastructure enables the creation of a digital-twin, which facilitates a cost effective development, testing and implementation of advanced control and fault detection strategies.The paper proposes a calibration methodology for the thermal model (energy and comfort) of the Live-In Lab, developed in IDA-ICE, to be deployed as a digital twin. The methodology first screens the parameters with most impact on energy use and then calibrates the model minimizing the error in both indoor comfort and energy use with a weighting parameter β. Calibration results are then validated against the measured data.The results of this paper will be instrumental to the improvement of control systems and it will facilitate the study of behavioral aspects of the energy use.
|
|
| 15. |
- Almusaed, Amjad, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Reviewing and Integrating AEC Practices into Industry 6.0 : Strategies for Smart and Sustainable Future-Built Environments
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Sustainability. - Basel, Switzerland : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 15:18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores the possible ramifications of incorporating ideas from AEC Industry 6.0 into the design and construction of intelligent, environmentally friendly, and long-lasting structures. This statement highlights the need to shift away from the current methods seen in the AEC Industry 5.0 to effectively respond to the increasing requirement for creative and environmentally sustainable infrastructures. Modern building techniques have been made more efficient and long-lasting because of AEC Industry 6.0’s cutting-edge equipment, cutting-edge digitalization, and ecologically concerned methods. The academic community has thoroughly dissected the many benefits of AEC Industry 5.0. Examples are increased stakeholder involvement, automation, robotics for optimization, decision structures based on data, and careful resource management. However, the difficulties of implementing AEC Industry 6.0 principles are laid bare in this research. It calls for skilled experts who are current on the latest technologies, coordinate the technical expertise of many stakeholders, orchestrate interoperable standards, and strengthen cybersecurity procedures. This study evaluates how well the principles of Industry 6.0 can create smart, long-lasting, and ecologically sound structures. The goal is to specify how these ideas may revolutionize the building industry. In addition, this research provides an in-depth analysis of how the AEC industry might best adopt AEC Industry 6.0, underscoring the sector-wide significance of this paradigm change. This study thoroughly analyzes AEC Industry 6.0 about big data analytics, the IoT, and collaborative robotics. To better understand the potential and potential pitfalls of incorporating AEC Industry 6.0 principles into the construction of buildings, this study examines the interaction between organizational dynamics, human actors, and robotic systems.
|
|
| 16. |
- Atashipour, Seyed Rasoul, et al.
(författare)
-
On the Shear Buckling of Clamped Narrow Rectangular Orthotropic Plates
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Mathematical problems in engineering (Print). - : Hindawi Limited. - 1024-123X .- 1563-5147. ; 2015
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper deals with stability analysis of clamped rectangular orthotropic thin plates subjected to uniformly distributed shear load around the edges. Due to the nature of this problem, it is impossible to present mathematically exact analytical solution for the governing differential equations. Consequently, all existing studies in the literature have been performed by means of different numerical approaches. Here, a closed-form approach is presented for simple and fast prediction of the critical buckling load of clamped narrow rectangular orthotropic thin plates. Next, a practical modification factor is proposed to extend the validity of the obtained results for a wide range of plate aspect ratios. To demonstrate the efficiency and reliability of the proposed closed-form formulas, an accurate computational code is developed based on the classical plate theory (CPT) by means of differential quadrature method (DQM) for comparison purposes. Moreover, several finite element (FE) simulations are performed via ANSYS software. It is shown that simplicity, high accuracy, and rapid prediction of the critical load for different values of the plate aspect ratio and for a wide range of effective geometric and mechanical parameters are the main advantages of the proposed closed-form formulas over other existing studies in the literature for the same problem.
|
|
| 17. |
- Wallhagen, Marita, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
What is a "green" building according to different assessment tools?
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2008 World Sustainable Building Conference. Vol. 2. - 9780646503721 ; , s. 2618-2625
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental assessment tools for buildings are rapidly developing in many countries. All of them claim that they measure “greenness” or “sustainability” of buildings, i.e. if maximum scores are awarded a building is sustainable in some respect. But so far there is no consensus on the interpretation of “green” or “sustainable” in terms of criteria and indicators.This article explores if different tools point in different directions regarding “green” building design. It also investigates characteristics of assessment tools and consequences of different approaches.Three distinctly different assessment tools, LEED-NC, Code for Sustainable Homes (CSH) and EcoEffect have been selected. They have three core assessment areas in common, namely Energy, Indoor Environment and Materials & Waste. The content however is different.The tools have been compared with respect to aim, content and aggregation. They have been tested on a new multi storey residential building. Assessments within the core areas were compared. Measures to improve the overall judgement were explored. The diverging result raises the question how to design environmentally relevant and practically useful assessment tools for buildings.
|
|
| 18. |
- Teli, Despoina, 1980, et al.
(författare)
-
Teaching the concept of adaptive thermal comfort in building design education
- 2020
-
Ingår i: 16th Conference of the International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate: Creative and Smart Solutions for Better Built Environments, Indoor Air 2020.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traditional building design education in the disciplines of building services, civil engineering, mechanical engineering, etc. focusses on quantifiable factors, i.e. factors which can be subject of calculation, simulation and dimensioning. Since non-quantifiable factors are not part of calculation or simulation models, there is a tendency that they are not adequately considered in education and, as a result, in building planning and operation. In the case of human thermal comfort, building professionals are required to understand the mechanisms and impact of non-quantifiable factors related to human thermal comfort and health, most of which are part of the adaptive thermal comfort concept. This paper identifies the challenges in teaching the concept of adaptive thermal comfort through a collection of lived experiences of the authors. The paper then proposes appropriate intended learning outcomes and teaching methods to equip students with the background knowledge, understanding and skills required to consider human adaptation in their designs. It is widely accepted that integrated design is a precondition for a building design that functions well, offers sufficient comfort for their users and can be operated in a sustainable way. Integrated building design requires that different disciplines work closely together and understand and respect their different focus areas and languages. Herein the case of human thermal comfort requires engineers who understand the mechanisms and impact of non-quantifiable factors on human well-being indoors. Within the work of Annex 69: “Strategy and practice of adaptive thermal comfort in low energy buildings” we developed a framework and a guideline for adopting adaptive thermal comfort principles in design and operation of buildings, which may serve as a complementary tool in an integrated design process and inclusion of adaptive thermal comfort in education.
|
|
| 19. |
- Salzer, Corinna, 1984, et al.
(författare)
-
Innovation for Low-Rise Construction in the Urban Tropics: Utilization of Structural Bamboo for Cost-Efficient Housing
- 2015
-
Ingår i: 8th Conference of the International Forum on Urbanism (IFoU). - Basel, Switzerland : MDPI.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper deals with a cost-efficient construction technology using load bearing bamboo for urban low-rise housing in tropical Asia-Pacific. The potential of the technology to be applied at larger scale is discussed at the example of the Philippines as pilot country for its application. The assessment of alternative construction methods such as this one is motivated by a tremendous need for more affordable, sustainable and resilient housing around the globe. The urban poor, being the most underserved group in need of housing, often cannot afford conventional building technologies offered by the formal industry. Using locally available bamboo as structural component within the introduced standardized and quality controlled construction method is an entry point to provide performing and safe housing at lower cost. The paper highlights, however, that cost-efficiency and technical performance are not the only requirements for innovations to succeed on a market, especially due to the complex challenge of urban poor housing. Through learnings from the construction of 50 houses in the Philippines and interviews with various stakeholders along the value chain of the technology, barriers and opportunities for a scale-up are retrieved. For this paper, a conflated none-exhaustive overview of the identified aspects is documented. It was found that both barriers and opportunities directly linked to this technology are closely tied to a complex local value chain which ranges from upstream supply of raw material to downstream customer acceptance. The pilot application has shown further, that participatory product development reduces the acceptance barrier significantly by directly addressing the needs of low income customers. Material and skills availability, enabling policies and approval by legal entities as well as sustainability in supply of the organic raw material play important roles too. This complex set of interlinked aspects needs to be addressed according to targets in implementation-pace, and -scale as well as its intended social value creation. While multi-stakeholder participation is required for a successful up-scaling, a facilitating social enterprise, providing knowledge and services around the technology, can guide through the up-scaling.
|
|
| 20. |
- Rempling, Rasmus, 1976, et al.
(författare)
-
Research Roadmap - Information Integration in Construction
- 2019
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This Roadmap is developed for a challenging Global environment where fundamental paradigms such as data generation and analysis, are shifting at a seismic rate, while change in Construction Industries across the Globe is, in the main, confined to large-scale projects and slow. Against this background, the authors set out to also give a ‘voice’ to small-to-medium scale projects through which the construction output Worldwide is delivered. Hence, project scale was one of the key considerations throughout this Roadmap. Moreover, the authors conceptualized data integration by taking the realities of doing business’ in construction into consideration. The emergent framework facilitates the discussion of knowledge and data integration at organisational, team, operational and technical levels across key project phases. This approach recognizes that business is done through projects but change can only come about if appropriate organizational structures and processes are put in place. Last, but not least, the authors strived to ensure that data integration was not considered solely from a technical perspective. Organisational, team and individual aspects of data integration were integrated in the research framework. Through our work the individual’s willingness to collaborate emerged as a critical driver for high levels of integration, while our survey did identify “Reluctance to work across professional boundaries” as a major barrier to integration. Hence, we conclude that research on integration should pay due attention to the individual.
|
|
| 21. |
- Dervishaj, Arlind, et al.
(författare)
-
Modelling Precast Concrete for a Circular Economy in the Built Environment : Level of Information Need guidelines for digital design and collaboration
- 2023
-
Ingår i: eCAADe 2023. - Brussels, Graz : Graz University of Technology Faculty of Architecture. ; , s. 177-186
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, there has been a growing interest in adopting circular approaches in the built environment, specifically reusing existing buildings or their components in new projects. To achieve this, drawings, laser scanning, photogrammetry and other techniques are used to capture data on buildings and their materials. Although previous studies have explored scan-to-BIM workflows, automation of 2D drawings to 3D models, and machine learning for identifying building components and materials, a significant gap remains in refining this data into the right level of information required for digital twins, to share information and for digital collaboration in designing for reuse. To address this gap, this paper proposes digital guidelines for reusing precast concrete based on the level of information need (LOIN) standard EN 17412-1:2020 and examines several CAD and BIM modelling strategies. These guidelines can be used to prepare digital templates that become digital twins of existing elements, develop information requirements for use cases, and facilitate data integration and sharing for a circular built environment.
|
|
| 22. |
- Kurkinen, Eva-Lotta, et al.
(författare)
-
Energy and climate-efficient construction systems : Environmental assessment of various frame options for buildings in Brf. Viva
- 2018
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the collaborative forum Positive footprint housing® Riksbyggen is building the Viva residential quarter, which is a sustainability project at the very forefront of what is possible with contemporary construction. The idea is that this residential quarter should be fully sustainable in ecological, economic and social terms. Since 2013, a number of pilot studies have been completed under the auspices of the Viva project framework thanks to financing from the Swedish Energy Agency. The various building frame alternatives that have been evaluated are precast concrete, cast in-situ concrete and solid wood, all proposed by leading commercial suppliers. The report includes a specific requirement for equivalent functions during the use phase of the building, B. An interpretation has been provided that investigates the building engineering aspects in detail, as well as an account of the results based on the social community requirements specified in Viva, durability, fire, noise and energy consumption in the Swedish National Board of Building, Planning and Housing building regulations (BBR), plus Riksbyggen’s own requirements, Sweden Green Building Council’s Environmental Building Gold (Miljöbyggnad Guld) and 100-year life cycle. Given that the alternatives have different long-term characteristics (and also that our knowledge of these characteristics itself varies), these functional requirements have been addressed by setting up different scenarios in accordance with the EPD standard EN 15978. Because Riksbyggen has specified a requirement for a 100-year life cycle, we have also opted for an analysis period of 100 years. The results show no significant differences between concrete and timber structures for the same functions during the life cycle, either for climate or for primary energy. The minor differences reported are accordingly less than the degree of uncertainty involved in the study. The available documentation on the composition of the relevant intumescent paint coating on solid wood frames differs from source to source, so it was not possible to fully allow for the significance of this. The LCA has not included functional changes in the building linked to load-bearing characteristics, noise, moisture, health or other problems that may result in increased maintenance and replacement. The concrete houses have been dimensioned for 100 years, for instance, in accordance with tried and tested standards and experience. The solid wood house is not dimensioned in the same way, and this has led to us having to assume various scenarios.The results also show the following:• The uncertainties involved in comparing different structures and alternative solutions are very significant. The results are affected by factors such as life cycle, the functional requirements taken into consideration, transportation, design and structural details, etc.• Variations in the built items and a considerable degree of uncertainty in the assumptions make it difficult to obtain significant results on comparisons. Only actual construction projects with known specific data, declared from a life cycle perspective that takes into account actual building developer requirements and involving different scenarios (best, documented and worst-case) for the user stage can currently be compared.• In the other hand, comparisons restricted to different concrete structures only, or to different timber structures only, ought to involve a lower degree of uncertainty. These would then provide results that are significant as well as improvement requirements that are relevant.• There is potential for improving concrete by imposing requirements on the material• There is potential for improving solid wood frames by developing and guaranteeing well-documented long-term characteristics for all functional requirements.The LCAs were performed as an iterative process where all parties were given the opportunity to submit their viewpoints and suggestions for changes during the course of the work. This helped ensure that all alternatives have been properly thought through.Because, during the project, Riksbyggen opted to procure a concrete frame, in the final stage the researchers involved focused on ensuring the procurement process would result in the concrete frame as built meeting the requirements set out above. As things currently stand, the material requirements for the concrete are limited by the production options open to the suppliers, and this is therefore being investigated in the manufacture of precast concrete frames for the Viva cooperative housing association.
|
|
| 23. |
- Rempling, Rasmus, 1976, et al.
(författare)
-
Performance requirements for Swedish transport infrastructure - A pre-study of challenges and possibilities
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent years, significant worldwide research has been conducted regarding the performance assessment of bridges and the concept of performance indicator has been introduced However, there are still significant discrepancies in how these indicators are obtained and used. Simultaneously, it is desirable to achieve processes and methods that are direct, i.e. that measured values are directly compared with projected values over time. This project concerns methods for verification of technical performance requirements. The feasibility study brought together interdisciplinary researchers, consultants, and entrepreneurs to gather knowledge, anchor the research agenda, and implement performance requirements. The project concludes that there is a need for a “Holistic multi-parameter verification/validation system” that relies on the knowledge gained in structural health monitoring research.
|
|
| 24. |
- Rempling, Rasmus, 1976, et al.
(författare)
-
Aspects of Integrated Design of Structures: Parametric Models, Creative Space and Linked Knowledge
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Civil Engineering and Architecture. - 2332-1121. ; 3, s. 143-152
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the construction industry, collaborative working methods with overlapping domains have been developing side by side with information and communication technology. Recently, efforts have been made to combine these methods in order to facilitate the integration of disciplines. Research on collaborative work has resulted in the promising "integrated project delivery" methodology, whereas research on information and communication technology has resulted in building information modelling. In this paper, we propose three principles for integrated design: "parametric models", "creative space" and "linked knowledge". These principles have been derived during the course of the TailorCrete Project. The project involves contributions from architects, structural engineers, contractors and building material manufacturers, as well as scientists of the built environment. All principles are elaborated upon with regard to their connection to integrated design and how they are carried out in practice; the elaboration is based on results collected from the TailorCrete project and from research results found in the literature. This paper concludes that parametric models, creative space and linked knowledge are the three main aspects that should be pursued in order to achieve and implement a practical integrated design process
|
|
| 25. |
- Hagbert, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
-
Paradoxes and possibilities for a 'green' housing sector : A swedish case
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 5:5, s. 2018-2035
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As global and local visions for sustainable living environments are increasingly supported by policies and concrete practices in construction, the building and housing sector is seeking to mitigate its environmental impact as well as assume a greater social responsibility. The overarching policy objectives set to concretize what a sustainable housing development entails, however, tend to rely on equivocal terminology, allowing a varied interpretation by key industry practitioners. Though in line with an ecological modernization paradigm in policy, the promotion of a market-driven environmentalism in housing faces multiple challenges as varying interests and perspectives collide. Supported by empirical findings of a semi-structured interview study conducted with housing developers in a new =green' urban district in Göteborg, Sweden, theoretical frameworks surrounding the paradoxical path towards a sustainable housing development are presented. Inconsistencies between outspoken ambitions; social dimensions; and the framing of efficiency in new housing are discussed. Possibilities for the housing sector are given in the recognition of new forms of development, where a systemic perspective is required in the alignment between how industry, policy and the market perceives housing development and what is actually sustainable.
|
|
| 26. |
- Ask, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Studenters uppmärksamhet under föreläsningar
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Proceedings utvecklingskonferens 09 Lunds Universitet. - 9789197797429 ; , s. 112-120
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Föreläsningar är vanlig undervisningsform på Lunds Tekniska Högskola (LTH). Deras stora fördel är att information överförs ekonomiskt och effektivt till många studenter samtidigt men de har även sina begränsningar. Kritiker menar att information överförs till passivt mottagande studenter och att bristande uppmärksamhet och engagemang hos studenterna begränsar mängden kunskap som faktiskt tas emot. En intervju- och litteraturstudie har genomförts för att dels inventera vilka metoder som finns för att hålla studenternas uppmärksamhet uppe och dels vilka som tillämpas av föreläsare vid LTH. Variation och olika former av aktivering framstår såväl i litteraturen som i intervjuerna som viktiga metoder. I artikeln presenteras även inspiration kring hur man kan använda variation, och andra aktiviteter för att engagera och aktivera studenterna samt hur man kan strukturera en föreläsning. De flesta av de intervjuade föreläsarna uppger att de utvecklat sina strategier genom erfarenhet medan knappt hälften nämner pedagogiska kurser.
|
|
| 27. |
- Ylva, Berglund, et al.
(författare)
-
Framsynt efterord
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Mellanrum. Fem års seminarier om social hållbarhet och stadsutveckling i Göteborg.
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
- Bournas, Iason, et al.
(författare)
-
Energy renovation of an office building using a holistic design approach
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Building Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-7102. ; 7:September 2016, s. 194-206
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a holistic approach to perform energy renovations of office buildings. A real case study is used to demonstrate how different software can be used to facilitate the work of architects and engineers during different design stages. Initially, the moisture safety of the building is coupled to its energy performance to define the optimum insulation level. The new interior layout is based on an initial daylight study, rather than on architectural intuition. On a second stage, shading and natural ventilation are studied to eradicate any cooling demand, while the interdependence between heating energy and daylight is assessed for the use of light-wells. To demonstrate the trade-offs between visual control and electrical lighting, different shading systems are examined for a cellular office. Finally, two alternate HVAC systems are analyzed to investigate whether passive standards can be achieved with an all-air system and/or a hydronic system.
|
|
| 31. |
- Desivyana, Nindya, 1997, et al.
(författare)
-
Challenges in the adoption of sustainable criteria in the Swedish property development industry
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Procedia Computer Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0509. ; 219, s. 1752-1759
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The construction industry is facing an increased focus on sustainability and climate neutrality, causing property developers to implement new requirements into the procurement documents, which are also driven by the national agenda. This study explores the current state of sustainability practice among Swedish property developers and identifies the main obstacles to expand further the implementation of the sustainability criteria. How the property developers define and implement sustainability requirements has been assessed through qualitative semi-structured interviews, focusing on sustainability certification systems, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), and social sustainability. The results show usage of sustainability certification systems for marketing purposes and high awareness and practice of LCA, even though the accuracy of LCA was questioned. This study also identified guideline gaps for circular economy and social sustainability measurements, which could relate to low initiatives from the certification systems.
|
|
| 32. |
- Femenias, Paula, 1966, et al.
(författare)
-
Från omfattande till varsam renovering
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Hållbar renovering ur ett helhetsperspektiv: En antologi från forskningsmiljön SIRen. - 9789188722652 ; , s. 47-54
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
- Dervishaj, Arlind
(författare)
-
From Sustainability to Regeneration : a digital framework with BIM and computational design methods
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Architecture, Structures and Construction. - : Springer Nature. - 2730-9886 .- 2730-9894. ; 3:3, s. 315-336
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design methods, frameworks, and green building certifications have been developed to create a sustainable built environment. Despite sustainability advancements, urgent action remains necessary due to climate change and the high impact of the built environment. Regenerative Design represents a shift from current practices focused on reducing environmental impacts, as it aims to generate positive effects on both human and natural systems. Although digital design methods are commonly employed in sustainable design practice and research, there is presently no established framework to guide a digital regenerative design process. This study provides an analysis of existing literature on regenerative design and digital design methods and presents a framework based on building information modelling (BIM) methodology and computational design methods, that can be applied to both urban and building design. This framework identifies digital tools and organizes indicators based on the pillars of climate, people, and nature for regenerative design, drawing upon a comprehensive analysis of literature, including standards, sustainability frameworks and research studies. The framework is illustrated through a case study evaluation. The paper also highlights the potential and limitations of digital methods concerning regenerative design and suggests possibilities for future expansion by incorporating additional quantifiable indicators that reflect research developments, to achieve positive outcomes.
|
|
| 36. |
- Dervishaj, Arlind, et al.
(författare)
-
Sunlight Autonomy for Buildings: A New Methodology for Evaluating Sunlight Performance in Urban and Architectural Design
- 2024
-
Ingår i: LEUKOS The Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1550-2724 .- 1550-2716. ; , s. 1-31
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to urbanization and growing density in cities in the past century, metrics were introduced to assess daylight performance such as minimum sunlight hours and the daylight factor. The paper initially explores the shortcomings of early-stage daylight and sunlight evaluation methods. A novel methodology called Sunlight Autonomy (SA) is proposed for evaluating sunlight performance in buildings. The SA is based on the “Exposure to sunlight” criteria in EN 170307 “Daylight in Buildings,” where a computational method is used for the evaluation on a specified day. The SA concept expands the analysis temporally over the entire year, and spatially on building facades, leading to new metrics for a point of evaluation, and spatial metrics for buildings. The SA methodology is analyzed in a case study across four European cities. The SA metrics on facades between February 1st and March 21st, days in EN 17037, led to differences up to 63%. This revealed a significant shortcoming in EN 17037, relevant for Nordic regions. The differences of spatial metrics between March 21st and 50% of the year were within 5%, and up to 33% between February 1st and 75% of the year. The timestep affects the metrics and a window evaluation showed that the error of a 10-minute analysis was within 5% of daily insolation and 5 days for the annual SA. The potential of these metrics for urban planning and the architectural design process is examined. The interaction between SA and EN 17037, as well as other ongoing research developments, is discussed.
|
|
| 37. |
- Larsson, Ann-Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
-
Targeting by Comparison with Laboratory Experiments the SCR Catalyst Deactivation Process by Potassium and Zinc Salts in a Large-Scale Biomass Combustion Boiler
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Energy & Fuels. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0887-0624 .- 1520-5029. ; 20:4, s. 1398-1405
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The deactivation of a commercial selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst of type V2O5−WO3/TiO2 has been studied in this work through comparisons of results from a full-scale biomass combustion plant with those from laboratory experiments. In the latter, the catalyst was exposed to KCl, K2SO4, and ZnCl2 by both wet impregnation with diluted salt solutions and deposition of generated submicrometer aerosol particles by means of an electrostatic field. The reactivity of freshly prepared and deactivated catalyst samples was examined in the SCR reaction, for which the influence of the different salts and the method of exposure were explored. Chemical and physical characterizations of the catalyst samples were carried out focusing on surface area, pore volume, pore size, chemical composition, and the penetration profiles of potassium and zinc. Particle-deposition deactivation as well as commercially exposed catalyst samples were shown to impact surface area and catalyst activity similarly and to have penetration profiles with pronounced peaks. Salt impregnation influenced pore sizes and catalyst activity more strongly and showed flat penetration profiles. Deposition of submicrometer-sized particles on the monolithic SCR catalyst has been shown to induce deactivation of the catalyst with characteristics resembling those obtained in a commercial biomass combustion plant; the laboratory process can be used to further assess the deactivation mechanism by biomass combustion.
|
|
| 38. |
- Harrysson, Christer, 1943-
(författare)
-
Byggbranschens behov av förnyelse : en väg till småhus med lägre livscykelkostnader
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Bygg och Teknik. - Stockholm : Förlags AB Bygg & teknik. - 0281-658X .- 2002-8350. ; 98:5, s. 61-68
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Småhus byggs på många olika sätt och tekniska lösningar. Några av dessa måste vara bättre än andra. Valet av lösning inriktas ofta på att minska produktionskostnaden utan vederbörlig hänsyn till drift- och underhållskostnader. Produktionskostnaden för småhus har ökat kraftigt liksom energipriset. Olika åtgärders energibesparing har ofta helt eller delvis uteblivit. Byggandet har blivit allt mer komplicerat och påkostat med många nya oprövade material, konstruktioner och installationer. Larmrapporter duggar tätt om hälsoproblem för de boende och byggskador. Nya hus har ofta helt andra och delvis okända egenskaper än tidigare, de är t ex fuktkänsligare. Råd ges för utformning av energieffektiva och komfortabla småhus till låga livscykelkostnader. Man kan sänka produktionskostnaden med 30 % genom åtgärder som minskar slöseriet under byggprocessen. Den totala energianvändningen för värme, varmvatten och hushållsel kan sänkas med 30 % genom rätt teknisk lösning och god innemiljö utan att öka produktionskostnaden. Fönster ska vara energieffektiva, ytan begränsas till 10 á 15 % av golvarean och avskärmas för besvärande solinstrålning. Luftvärme och energislösande golvvärme bör undvikas. Energianvändningen i småhus varierar kraftigt mellan såväl nominellt lika som olika hus på grund av skillnader i boendevanor, individuell mätning och debitering av energi och vatten, arbetsutförandets kvalitet (isolering, tätningar, injustering av värme och ventilation) och valet av teknisk lösning. Småhus byggda sedan mitten på 1980-talet har normalt i medeltal den totala energianvändningen för värme, varmvatten och hushållsel 13 000 – 15 000 kWh/år eller 120 – 130 kWh/m2 år. Det finns en god lösning som har 70 – 80 kWh/m2 år. Denna karakteriseras bland annat av frånluftsventilation med väggventiler och radiatorer samt frånluftsvärmepump för värme och varmvatten. Lösningen ställer inte speciella krav på projektörer, byggare, förvaltare och brukare till skillnad från passivhus. Gruppbyggda småhus jämfört med flerbostadshus har i allmänhet per kvadratmeter lägenhetsyta:· 30 % lägre produktionskostnad· 50 % lägre total energianvändning för värme, varmvatten och hushållsel
|
|
| 39. |
- Harrysson, Christer, 1943-
(författare)
-
Husdoktorn går ronden : en bok om sjuka hus och drabbade människor
- 2006. - 1
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- "Småhusbranschen är infekterad. Inte bara av fukt och mögel, utan framförallt av fusk och mygel"Boken inehåller ett 40-tal kapitel av olika praktikfall, utredningar och debattinlägg. Kritik riktas mot slarviga husföretag och entreprenörer, mot mäklare som hellre tänker på snabba klipp än på kundens bästa, mot partiska och slarviga besiktningsmän, förorenande luftvärme och dyrbar golvvärme, skattesubventionerad energi- och kostnadskrävande fjärrvärme och mycket annat. "Självvärmda hus", glättade huskataloger, mögelhundar och media får sin besärda del av kritiken. I en lång rad skadefall belyses "den lilla människans" ibland hopplösa kamp för att få rätt mot företag och makthavare. En del av fallen har gått till domstol, andra har lösts genom medling eller med stöd av medial uppmärksamhet. För privatpersoner kan det vara psykiskt betungande samt en lika tidsödande som kostnadskrävande sak att processa mot t ex ett husföretag eller besiktningsmän. Bokens syfte är att väcka debatt, informera och utbilda husköpare och husägare till kritiskt tänkande. Goda råd ges till dem som planerar att bygga småhus, köpa begagnat eller funderar på att bygga om. Som en röd tråd löper rådet att välja opartiska rådgivare och besiktningsmän som inte går i mäklarnas eller byggföretagens ledband utan genomför sina uppdrag med kundens/husköparens bästa för ögonen. Byggbranschen måste förnyas och gamla kunskaper tillvaratas. Om vi använder känd kunskap i ökad utsträckning behöver vi inte så ofta säga "det var bättre förr". Vi lever i ett Lort-Sverige som är farligare än när författaren Lubbe Nordström berättade om bostadssituationen i slutet av 1930-talet. Skillnaden mellan då och nu är att vi idag inte ser "skiten", men känner den i form av astma och allergier.
|
|
| 40. |
- Kharazmi, Parastou, 1977-
(författare)
-
Experimental evaluation of a rubber-epoxy polymeric system used in the rehabilitation of sewer infrastructure- Dataset
- 2019
-
Annan publikationabstract
- This dataset includes data related to water sorption analyses to support research findings stated in the article:"Experimental evaluation of a rubber-epoxy polymeric system used in the rehabilitation of sewer infrastructure: a case study in Sweden" with the following abstract: One rehabilitation method used mainly for wastewater sewers in residential buildings involves applying a rubber-epoxy composite to the inner surface of the aged pipeline. In order to understand the material’s performance and stability in operation, during which it is constantly exposed to deteriorative factors, the properties of the material were studied in the laboratory under artificial water and air aging conditions. Changes in the material were monitored by means of tests such as thermal analyses, mechanical testing and water absorption assessment.
|
|
| 41. |
- Ait Ali, Abderrahman, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluating the mix of maintenance activities on railway crossings with respect to life-cycle costs
- 2024
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research. - : TU Delft OPEN Publishing. - 1567-7141 .- 1567-7133. ; 24:1, s. 1-29
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Switches & crossings (S&Cs) are vital assets as they allow for increased railway capacity by introducing flexibility and connectivity in railway networks. At the same time, this makes them critical since they can cause costly delays and disruptions if they are not well maintained. This motivates studies to improve maintenance strategies of S&Cs, considering both the life-cycle costs (LCCs) of the assets and socio-economic transportation costs for passengers and freight customers. In this paper, the interdependence between deterioration mechanisms, maintenance activities, and expected LCC (including transportation costs) for the crossing panel – an S&C subsystem – is investigated using a combination of mechanical and econometric modelling. The interrelation between the degradation of contact geometry and track settlement is analysed using simulations of dynamic vehicle– turnout interaction. Long-term mechanical degradation of the crossing panel is simulated for different maintenance strategies that correspond to different timing of the associated maintenance measures (crossing repair welding and tamping). This provides the basis for analysing the interdependence between preventive and corrective activities using econometric modelling. Based on a case study of a common type of S&Cs in the Swedish infrastructure, the impact of different maintenance strategies on LCC and transportation costs is analysed. Opportunities and challenges in the development of more economically effective maintenance strategies of S&Cs are discussed.
|
|
| 42. |
- Blomfors, Mattias, 1990, et al.
(författare)
-
Partial safety factors for the anchorage capacity of corroded reinforcement bars in concrete
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Engineering structures. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-0296 .- 1873-7323. ; 181, s. 579-588
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many reinforced concrete bridges in Europe and around the world are damaged by reinforcement corrosion and the annual maintenance costs are enormous. It is therefore important to develop reliable methods to assess the structural capacity of corroded reinforced concrete structures and avoid unnecessary maintenance costs. Although there are advanced models for determining the load carrying capacity of structures, it is not obvious how they should be used to verify the performance of existing structures. To confidently assess the bond of corroded reinforcement in concrete, for example, the calculation model must give a sufficient safety margin. When designing new structures, semi-probabilistic approaches (such as the partial safety factor method) are adopted to achieve the target reliabilities specified in structural design codes. This paper uses probabilistic methods to develop partial factors for application in an existing bond model, to assess the safety of corroded reinforced concrete structures. The response of the bond model was studied using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations for several design cases, with probability distributions fitted to the results. Partial factors were then derived, based on these distributions. Furthermore, an MC-based simulation technique called “importance sampling” was used to study the reliability of several deterministic bond assessments conducted using these partial factors. The results show that deterministic assessments which use the proposed partial factors lead to a safety level at least equal to the target value. The results presented in this paper will support the assessment of reinforced concrete structures with anchorage problems and give a reasonable approximation of the anchorage capacity with sufficient safety margin. When generalised to cover other failure modes and structural configurations, this will enable better utilisation of damaged structures and lead to major environmental and economical savings for society.
|
|
| 43. |
- Mangold, Mikael, 1982, et al.
(författare)
-
Who benefits? Effects and perceptions of residential volumetric water billing
- 2012
-
Ingår i: 2nd Nordic Conference on Consumer Research, 29 May-1 June, 2012, Göteborg.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- What are the effects and perceptions of increased installation of water metering and volumetric billing in residential areas in Sweden? An interview study was undertaken in a low-income suburb of Göteborg to explore residents’ experiences and opinions. Additionally, the interests of water and energy companies, social affairs committee, real estate owner and maintainer were investigated to contrast the added value of reduced water consumption. Stakeholders either benefit or are disadvantaged by the introduced system. Furthermore, the applied tariff structure fails to motivate all segments of the population to reduce water consumption, yet still inequitably burdens the most financially exposed groups.
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
- Moazami, Amin, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards climate robust buildings: An innovative method for designing buildings with robust energy performance under climate change
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7788. ; 202
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neglecting extremes and designing buildings for the past or most likely weather conditions is not the best approach for the future. Robust design techniques can, however, be a viable option for tackling future challenges. The concept of robust design was first introduced by Taguchi in the 1940s. The result of the design process is a product that is insensitive to the effect of given sources of variability, even though the sources themselves are not eliminated. A robust design optimization (RDO) method is for the first time proposed in this paper, for supporting architects and engineers in the design of buildings with robust energy performance under climate change and extreme conditions. The simplicity and the low computational demand of the process underlies the feasibility and applicability of this method, which can be used at any stage of the design process. The results show that the performance of the optimum solution not only has a 81.5% lower variation (less sensitivity to climate uncertainty) but at the same time has a 14.4% lower mean energy use value compared with a solution that is compliant with a recent construction standard (ASHRAE 90.1-2016). Less sensitivity to climate uncertainty means greater robustness to climate change whilst maintaining high performance.
|
|
| 46. |
|
|
| 47. |
|
|
| 48. |
- Salzer, Corinna, 1984
(författare)
-
Sustainability of Social Housing in the Urban Tropics: A Holistic Development Process for Bamboo-Based Construction
- 2018
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is motivated by a tremendous need for more inclusive, sustainable and disaster resistant social housing in rapidly developing countries such as the Philippines. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the New Urban Agenda name the use of local raw materials as one area for action. In the Philippines bamboo is an available, culturally rooted material, which is frequently used by rural and urban low-income groups. However, its current use in buildings does not meet the regulatory, technical and social requirements of urban spaces. The general objective of this thesis is to guide the development, implementation, and continuous assessment of a bamboo-based building technology for social housing in the Philippines, according to the multi-dimensional requirements of sustainability. The conceptual framework of the thesis is aligned to the standards EN 15643 and ISO 15392 on the sustainability assessment of buildings. A localization of the standards has been achieved through a multi-stakeholder participatory process. Beyond stakeholders from within the Philippines, this process builds on a learning exchange with Latin America, where significant knowledge on bamboo-based building exists, as well as Europe, where timber frame construction is established. Issue-focused research captured the performances in technical, environmental, social, economic and governance dimensions. It was shown that the most common bamboo species in the Philippines is of a structural grade that is suitable for low-rise house construction. With quality selected, treated bamboo culms and climate-adjusted house designs, the construction of reliable and durable buildings was possible, designed to withstand the impacts of their surrounding environment. The walls received a fire resistance rating of 60 minutes and full-scale test houses withstood the storm impacts of four typhoons with 120–213 km/h wind speeds. A thorough life cycle assessment predicted that the building method results in a 74%-reduction in carbon emissions. Furthermore, surveys and physical measurements attested that a higher indoor thermal comfort is achieved. Active participation was applied throughout the research and implementation activities, and acceptance barriers were overcome among involved stakeholders. Beyond savings from a life cycle cost perspective of the buildings, the use of the renewable local material strengthened local economies and created rural-urban linkages. Sustainability theory was used as a tool for decision-making for the planning, implementation, and continuous improvement of 500 social houses across the Philippines. These were erected by the Base Foundation, an initiative supported by the Hilti Foundation, and its partners. In a continuous improvement process, the achievements and learning obtained in the research and implementation were exchanged in feedback loops over a period of 4 years. Sustainability is shown to be a continuous, balancing process that can be used to transparently discuss and evolve a holistic value proposition. Because adequate housing is only one of many components required for sustainable cities and resilient communities, this thesis aims to contribute to holistic integrated projects and policy advocacy.
|
|
| 49. |
- Al-Najjar, Ahmad, et al.
(författare)
-
Embodied carbon saving of reusing concrete elements in new buildings: A Swedish pilot study
- 2025
-
Ingår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 212
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reusing the building elements is the highest possible level of circularity for buildings that must be demolished, potentially slowing down climate change. This study explores the embodied carbon reduction of construction of a pilot building with structural elements of reused concrete. The assessment focuses on applying different methodological approaches and discussing the upscaling opportunities of reusing concrete elements from a global warming potential perspective. The assessment shows large embodied carbon savings compared to conventional building practices like recycling the concrete and building with new low-carbon and prefabricated elements. Embodied carbon saving is also obvious when applying alternative system modelling, future market projection and different allocation approaches of the production emissions of the elements. Finally, the study emphasises the need for further research in evaluating the benefits of reusing structural concrete elements broadly, like including the deconstruction impact related to elements for reuse, to be able to draw general conclusions.
|
|
| 50. |
- de Wolf, Catherine, et al.
(författare)
-
Database of Embodied Quantity Outputs: Lowering Material Impacts Through Engineering
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Architectural Engineering. - 1076-0431. ; 26:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current studies and performance labels focus mainly on the operational energy demand of buildings due to heating, cooling, ventilation, lighting, and hot water, but they rarely account for embodied impacts. Performing a life cycle assessment (LCA) on an entire building structure, let alone a building, requires time and data, both of which are often lacking for practitioners in the construction industry. Limited knowledge on the embodied carbon equivalent of building structures led to the benchmarking effort of the database of embodied quantity outputs (DEQO), developed by the first author over the last 6 years in close collaboration with industry and academia. DEQO collects material quantities for existing buildings in a robust way directly from industry. This paper presents the lessons learned from this database to define the next steps for structural engineers to lower the environmental impacts related to the material quantities in their projects. To create confidence and comparability in the results, recommendations are given such as implementing uncertainty analysis into practice to avoid inaccurate comparisons with a false sense of precision.
|
|
