1.
Fredenberg, Erik, 1979-
(author)
Spectral Mammography with X-Ray Optics and a Photon-Counting Detector
2009
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic) abstract
Early detection is vital to successfully treating breast cancer, and mammography screening is the most efficient and wide-spread method to reach this goal. Imaging low-contrast targets, while minimizing the radiation exposure to a large population is, however, a major challenge. Optimizing the image quality per unit radiation dose is therefore essential. In this thesis, two optimization schemes with respect to x-ray photon energy have been investigated: filtering the incident spectrum with refractive x-ray optics (spectral shaping), and utilizing the transmitted spectrum with energy-resolved photon-counting detectors (spectral imaging). Two types of x-ray lenses were experimentally characterized, and modeled using ray tracing, field propagation, and geometrical optics. Spectral shaping reduced dose approximately 20% compared to an absorption-filtered reference system with the same signal-to-noise ratio, scan time, and spatial resolution. In addition, a focusing pre-object collimator based on the same type of optics reduced divergence of the radiation and improved photon economy by about 50%. A photon-counting silicon detector was investigated in terms of energy resolution and its feasibility for spectral imaging. Contrast-enhanced tumor imaging with a system based on the detector was characterized and optimized with a model that took anatomical noise into account. Improvement in an ideal-observer detectability index by a factor of 2 to 8 over that obtained by conventional absorption imaging was found for different levels of anatomical noise and breast density. Increased conspicuity was confirmed by experiment. Further, the model was extended to include imaging of unenhanced lesions. Detectability of microcalcifications increased no more than a few percent, whereas the ability to detect large tumors might improve on the order of 50% despite the low attenuation difference between glandular and cancerous tissue. It is clear that inclusion of anatomical noise and imaging task in spectral optimization may yield completely different results than an analysis based solely on quantum noise.
2.
Amundin, Mats, et al.
(author)
A proposal to use distributional models to analyse dolphin vocalisation
2017
In: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Vocal Interactivity in-and-between Humans, Animals and Robots, VIHAR 2017. - 9782956202905 ; , s. 31-32
Conference paper (peer-reviewed) abstract
This paper gives a brief introduction to the starting points of an experimental project to study dolphin communicative behaviour using distributional semantics, with methods implemented for the large scale study of human language.
3.
4.
Schötz, Susanne, et al.
(author)
Phonetic Characteristics of Domestic Cat Vocalisations
2017
In: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Vocal Interactivity in-and-between Humans, Animals and Robots, VIHAR 2017. - 9782956202905 ; , s. 5-6
Conference paper (peer-reviewed) abstract
The cat (Felis catus, Linneaus 1758) has lived around or with humans for at least 10,000 years, and is now one of the most popular pets of the world with more than 600 millionindividuals. Domestic cats have developed a more extensive, variable and complex vocal repertoire than most other members of the Carnivora, which may be explained by their social organisation, their nocturnal activity and the long period of association between mother and young. Still, we know surprisingly little about the phonetic characteristics of these sounds, and about the interaction between cats and humans.Members of the research project Melody in human–cat communication (Meowsic) investigate the prosodic characteristics of cat vocalisations as well as the communication between human and cat. The first step includes a categorisation of cat vocalisations. In the next step it will be investigated how humans perceive the vocal signals of domestic cats. This paper presents an outline of the project which has only recently started.
5.
Stolen, Reidar, et al.
(author)
Solcelleteknologi og brannsikkerhet
2018
Reports (other academic/artistic) abstract
Bruken av solcelleteknologi er i stor vekst i Norge. I denne studien er branntekniske utfordringer ved bruk av solcelleteknologi undersøkt, med hensyn på brannstart, brannspredning og brannslokking. Studien danner et kunnskapsgrunnlag for å ivareta brannsikkerheten under montering, drift og under slokkeinnsats, samt for å utforme et enhetlig og tydelig regelverk. Resultatene fra studien viser:Brannstart: Solcelleinstallasjoner inneholder mange koblingspunkt, som kan være potensielle tennkilder, og en liten mengde brennbare materialer. Dermed er det som trengs til stede for å starte en brann. Det er viktig at alle kontaktpunkter i solcelleinstallasjonen er robuste og tåler den påkjenningen de blir utsatt for gjennom sin levetid uten at det oppstår dårlig kontakt som kan føre til brann.Brannspredning: For utenpåmonterte solcellemoduler er det ofte en åpen luftspalte mellom modul og bygning. Dersom det er en brann i denne luftspalten, vil varmen kunne bli akkumulert, noe som kan føre til raskere og større brannspredning enn om bygningsoverflaten ikke hadde vært tildekket. I fullskalaforsøk med solcellemoduler montert på tak spredte brannen seg under hele arealet som var dekket av moduler, men stoppet da den nærmet seg kanten av dette arealet. Dette illustrerer viktigheten av at områder med solceller utenpå en bygning blir seksjonert for å unngå brannspredning. Eventuelt kan det benyttes mindre brennbare materialer på taket under solcellemodulene for å motvirke den økte varmepåkjenningen som solcellemodulene gir. Luftspalten mellom modul og bygning kan potensielt også gi endringer i luftstrømningen langs bygget, som igjen kan påvirke brannspredningen.Brannslokking: Brannvesenet har behov for informasjon om det er solcelleinstallasjon i bygget og hvilke deler av det elektriske anlegget som kan være spenningssatt. Under slokkeinnsats må brannvesenet ta hensyn til berøringsfare, og fare for at det kan oppstå lysbuer og andre feil som kan føre til nye antennelsespunkt. Ferskvann kan brukes som slokkemiddel, dette må spyles fra minimum 1 meters avstand med spredt stråle og minimum 5 meters avstand med samlet stråle. Solcellemoduler kan komplisere brannslokking ved at de danner en fysisk barriere mellom brannvesenet og brannen, samt fordi det må tas hensyn til plassering av spenningssatte komponenter. Når disse punktene er tatt høyde for, bør ikke utenpåmonterte solcelleinstallasjoner være et problem.Videre arbeid: For utenpåmonterte solcelleinstallasjoner, er det lite forskning på vertikal montering (på fasader), og hvordan en eventuell endret branndynamikk kan påvirke brannspredning og slokking. Videre er det i dag økende bruk av bygningsintegrerte solcelleinstallasjoner, noe som gir mange mulige nye utfordringer for brannsikkerheten og for regelverk, ettersom solcellen da er en del av bygningskroppen, samtidig som den er en elektrisk komponent. Tysk statistikk tyder på at brannrisiko for slike installasjoner kan være større enn for utenpåmonterte solcelleinstallasjoner, og dette vil det derfor være viktig å undersøke nærmere.
6.
Chen, Zhe, et al.
(author)
Nano-scale characterization of white layer in broached Inconel 718
2017
In: Materials Science & Engineering A: Structural Materials: Properties, Microstructure and Processing. - Amsterdam : Elsevier BV. - 0921-5093 .- 1873-4936. ; 684, s. 373-384
Journal article (peer-reviewed) abstract
The formation mechanism of white layers during broaching and their mechanical properties are not well investigated and understood to date. In the present study, multiple advanced characterization techniques with nano-scale resolution, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD), atom probe tomography (APT) as well as nano-indentation, have been used to systematically examine the microstructural evolution and corresponding mechanical properties of a surface white layer formed when broaching the nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718.TEM observations showed that the broached white layer consists of nano-sized grains, mostly in the range of 20–50 nm. The crystallographic texture detected by TKD further revealed that the refined microstructure is primarily caused by strong shear deformation. Co-located Al-rich and Nb-rich fine clusters have been identified by APT, which are most likely to be γ′ and γ′′ clusters in a form of co-precipitates, where the clusters showed elongated and aligned appearance associated with the severe shearing history. The microstructural characteristics and crystallography of the broached white layer suggest that it was essentially formed by adiabatic shear localization in which the dominant metallurgical process is rotational dynamic recrystallization based on mechanically-driven subgrain rotations. The grain refinement within the white layer led to an increase of the surface nano-hardness by 14% and a reduction in elastic modulus by nearly 10% compared to that of the bulk material. This is primarily due to the greatly increased volume fraction of grain boundaries, when the grain size was reduced down to the nanoscale.
7.
8.
Hosseini Bab Anari, Elham, 1982, et al.
(author)
Fluorine-free salts for aqueous lithium-ion and sodium-ion battery electrolytes
2016
In: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 6:88, s. 6, 85194-85201
Journal article (peer-reviewed) abstract
A first generation of fluorine-free lithium and sodium salts based on the concept of pseudo-delocalized anions has been synthesized with both high purity and yield using water as the solvent in the reaction medium. The salts have been fully characterized by Raman and FT-IR spectroscopies, thermogravimetry, and X-ray crystallography to reveal both basic properties in terms of thermal stability and solubility as well as the local, mainly ion–ion interaction dictated, coordination details and by ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability window measurements as aqueous electrolytes. Together a picture is created of the salts' promise as components in electrolytes – primarily aiming at application in low voltage fluorinefree aqueous lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs).
9.
Stylidis, Kostas, 1978, et al.
(author)
Perceived quality framework in product generation engineering: an automotive industry example
2019
In: Design Science. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2053-4701 .- 2053-4701. ; 5
Journal article (peer-reviewed) abstract
Perceived quality refers to customers’ cognitive and emotional responses to a particular design, often also associated with craftsmanship and customer satisfaction. Previous research defined a taxonomy of perceived quality and provided understanding about how engineering design decisions impact customer satisfaction. Furthermore, development of new products is frequently based on carrying over attributes of existing products, either from the same producer or from competitors. Previous research offered a new product development methodology combining variations of subsystems to carry over from existing products. This brief presents how these two lines of research combined to design the central console of the Porsche Panamera automobile and discusses the opportunities and challenges posed in the practical implementation of this research.
10.
Ribeiro, Luis, et al.
(author)
Industrial Agents for the Fast Deployment of Evolvable Assembly Systems
2015. - 1st ed.
In: Industrial Agents. - Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier. - 9780128003411 ; , s. 301-321, s. 301-322
Book chapter (peer-reviewed) abstract
The current manufacturing scenario is characterized by high market unpredictability. Agility is therefore a central challenge for modern companies that need to understand and be proactive towards their product offer in respect to “what is offered, when it is offered, where, how and by whom” (Brown & Bessant 2003).The “what” and the “when” are particularly relevant to the research in emerging paradigms as they account for variety, customization and volume; and timing, speed and seasonality (Brown & Bessant 2003).In this scenario, several design approaches and models have been proposed in the last decade to enable re-configurability and subsequently enhance the companies’ ability to adjust their offer in nature and time.From a paradigmatic point of view research has concentrated on the organizational structure of the shop-floor and the associated controls aspects. Concepts like Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems (RMS) (Koren & Shpitalni 2010) and Fractal Factories (FF) (Montreuil 1999) support the physical construction of production systems by regulating their layout and making a few assumptions on their logical organization. On the other hand, concepts like Bionic Manufacturing Systems (BMS)(Ueda 1992), Holonic Manufacturing Systems (HMS)(Van Brussel et al. 1998), Evolvable Assembly Systems (Ribeiro et al. 2010) essentially provide the theoretical guidelines for the logical/computational organization of the system (see (Tharumarajah 1996) for a comparison between BMS, HMS and FF and (Setchi & Lagos 2004) for the rationale supporting the shift from Dedicated Lines to Flexible Manufacturing System and finally RMS).While these paradigms provide the conceptual framework and the main design guidelines their actual interpretation and implementation has led to a wider set of architectures (Monostori, Váncza & Kumara 2006; Leitão 2009; Parunak 2000; Pěchouček & Mařík 2008).These architectures align the high-level principles with the technological offer and limitations while seeking to address the re-configurability requirements of (Mehrabi, Ulsoy & Koren 2000; Rösiö & Säfsten 2013):module mobility – modules are easy and quick to move and install;“diagnosability” – it is quick to identify the sources of quality and reliability problems;“integrability” – modules are easy to integrate into the rest of the system.“convertibility” – it is easy and quick to switch between existing products and it is easy to adapt the system to future products;scalability – it is easy to enlarge and downsize the production system;“automatibility” – a dynamic level of automation is enabled;modularity – all system elements are designed to be modular;customization – the capability and flexibility of the production system is designed according to the products to be produced in the system.Instant deployment, as addressed in the present chapter directly addresses mobility, “integrability”, “convertibility”, scalability and customization. Mechatronic modularity is a prerequisite and is enforced by the proposed architecture and the considered modular design. “Diagnosability” was not specifically tackled.In this context, the chapter analyses the agent-based architecture related with the Instantly Deployable Evolvable Assembly System (IDEAS) project that is inspired by the Evolvable Assembly System (EAS) paradigm (Ribeiro et al. 2010) as a mechanism to enable fast deployment of mechatronic modules. EAS advocates the use of process-oriented modules and envisions the production system as a collection of processes and the associated interacting agents.The architecture and the related test cases are used to draw the main lessons learned in respect to technological and conceptual implications.In this context, the remainder of this text is organized as follows: section 1.1 discusses the main deployment challenges, section 1.2 details the reference architecture and associated concepts, section 1.3 presents the principal implementation decisions, section 1.4 features the main lessons learned, sections 1.5 discusses the benefits of the proposed approach and finally section 1.6 reflects on the main conclusions.
11.
Eivazihollagh, Alireza, et al.
(author)
On chelating surfactants : Molecular perspectives and application prospects
2019
In: Journal of Molecular Liquids. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-7322 .- 1873-3166. ; 278, s. 688-705
Journal article (peer-reviewed) abstract
Chelating agents, molecules that very strongly coordinates certain metal ions, are used industrially as well as in consumer products to minimize disturbances and increase performance of reactions and applications. The widely used sequestering agents, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) belong to this branch of readily water-soluble compounds. When these chemical structures also have hydrophobic parts, they are prone to adsorb at air-water interfaces and to self-assemble. Such bifunctional molecules can be called chelating surfactants and will have more extended utilization prospects than common chelating agents or ordinary ionic surfactants. The present review attempts to highlight the fundamental behavior of chelating surfactants in solution and at interfaces, and their very specific interactions with metal ions. Methods to recover chelating surfactants from metal chelates are also described. Moreover, utilization of chelating surfactants in applications for metal removal in environmental engineering and mineral processing, as well as for metal control in the fields of biology, chemistry and physics, is exemplified and discussed.
12.
Nybacka, Mikael, et al.
(author)
Project: CASTT - Centre for Automotive Systems Technologies and Testing
2007
Other publication (pop. science, debate, etc.) abstract
Through the Centre for Automotive Systems Technologies and Testing, Luleå University of Technology aims to first of all support automotive winter testing in Northern Sweden. This means to support the local automotive test entrepreneurs and through them their customers: the car manufacturers and their suppliers. To succeed in this task, the center relies on the university's areas of leading research and most importantly on the cooperation between those areas.
13.
Spik, Susanne, 1962-, et al.
(author)
Tánnak – här och nu : En förstudie om förutsättningar för att stärka samiska innovationsföretag
2020
Reports (other academic/artistic) abstract
I början av 2000-talet tog Susanne Spik och Karin Kuoljok, båda renägare och renskötare i Sirges sameby, initiativ till ett projekt i samarbete med Luleå tekniska universitet ”Kvinna i sameby”. I samtalen i projektet föddes en dröm om att kunna spåra och följa renar på nätet. Susanne och Karin inledde ett samarbete med forskare inom genus och teknik och informations- och kommunikationsteknologi (IKT) med mål att ta fram ett kommunikationsnätverk anpassat till fjällmiljön baserat på nätverkstekniken Delayed Tolerant Networking, DTN. För att kunna vidareutveckla ett renspårningssystem anpassat till den nya nätverksmiljön och den samiska renskötselns förutsättningar startade Susanne och Karin företaget, Tánnak AB. Företaget blev en tidig föregångare i att utveckla en produkt som kombinerade informations- och kommunikationsteknik (IKT) med traditionell ekologisk kunskap (TEK). Förenklat kan TEK sägas vara kunskap om den nära naturomgivningen och hur den hållbart kan utnyttjas. TEK har vuxit fram främst hos människor som varit beroende av naturresurser de hade i sin närhet. Kunskapen skiftar över tid och följer förändringar i både traditioner och naturförhållanden. Kunskapen förs vanligtvis vidare muntligt och i praktiskt arbete. Susanne och Karins intresse för att ta fram produkten föddes utifrån sina egna erfarenheter och behov som renskötare och kvinnor, men också med en önskan om att underlätta för den yngre generationen att kunna fortsätta bedriva renskötsel och leva ett bra liv. Behovet var formulerat utifrån deras erfarenheter och syftade till att kunna utveckla och förnya renskötseln. En del i detta var att också få ner driftskostnaderna och att minska miljöpåverkan. Deras ursprungliga företag har idag övergått till företaget Tánnak International AB som marknadsför spårningssystemet för även andra områden än renskötseln. Tánnak International AB bygger vidare på den produkt som Susanne och Karin tog fram utifrån sina kunskaper om både renskötsel och markerna. Idag är dock Susanne och Karin inte längre majoritetsägare i företaget och renspårningssystemet saknar formellt patent. Susanne Spik och Karin Kuoljok har idag inte ekonomiskt inflytande i nuvarande företaget Tánnak International AB. Denna förstudie bygger på ett samarbete med nuvarande ledning för Tánnak international AB, Bobby och Jim Carlsson och de ursprungliga innovatörerna till företaget, Karin Kuoljok och Susanne Spik och forskaren May-Britt Öhman. Förstudien är en del av forskningsprojektet Dálkke – urfolksperspektiv på klimatförändringar, inom ramen för delområdet som rör samisk innovation och klimatförändringar. Förstudien syftar till att initiera en process att undersöka förutsättningarna i svenska Sápmi för samiska innovation och att fördjupa företagets kunnande om urfolk och mänskliga rättigheter. I denna process ingår att lyfta fram de ursprungliga innovatörernas grundidéer och deras produkt som en samisk innovation. På så sätt kan Tánnak International stärka sitt varumärke genom att profilera sig som ett samiskt innovationsföretag som kombinerar ny teknik med traditionell ekologisk kunskap. Certifieringar och märkningar kan vägleda konsumenter och underlätta för företag i att profilera sin produkt. Finns det behov av att certifiera samiska innovationsföretag? För att kunna undersöka förutsättningarna för att ta fram ett certifieringssystem för samiska innovationsföretag behövs en kartläggning av vilka certifieringar och märkningar som finns och hur dessa fungerar i svenska Sápmi idag.
14.
Kurdve, Martin, et al.
(author)
Can Social Sustainability Values be Incorporated in a Product Service System for Temporary Public Building Modules?
2017
In: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271. ; 64, s. 193-198
Journal article (peer-reviewed) abstract
The temporary constructions industry has cost efficiency and sustainability challenges that may require new innovative business models as well as product and processes. This paperaims to discuss how social sustainability services can be included in product service system (PSS)by investigating a case where employment is offered in distributed temporary building module manufacturing in the PSS context. The case has been evaluated against PSS literature. Recent reviews and literature on inclusion of social sustainability and PSS for buildings were used. It is concluded that the current concept fits basic definitions of PSS although it is not typical. The social value of employment is difficult to evaluate and inclusion in PSS needs further research. Design practice could be used to further develop the services in the studied concept. © 2017 The Authors.
15.
Fredenberg, Erik, PhD, 1979-, et al.
(author)
A low-absorption x-ray energy filter for small-scale applications
2009
In: Optics Express. - : The Optical Society. - 1094-4087. ; 17:14, s. 11388-11398
Journal article (peer-reviewed) abstract
We present an experimental and theoretical evaluation of an x-ray energy filter based on the chromatic properties of a prism-array lens (PAL). It is intended for small-scale applications such as medical imaging. The PAL approximates a Fresnel lens and allows for high efficiency compared to filters based on ordinary refractive lenses, however at the cost of a lower energy resolution. Geometrical optics was found to provide a good approximation for the performance of a flawless lens, but a field-propagation model was used for quantitative predictions. The model predicted a 0.29 ΔE/E energy resolution and an intensity gain of 6.5 for a silicon PAL at 23.5 keV. Measurements with an x-ray tube showed good agreement with the model in energy resolution and peak energy, but a blurred focal line contributed to a 29% gain reduction. We believe the blurring to be caused mainly by lens imperfections, in particular at the periphery of the lens.
16.
Song, Xiao, et al.
(author)
Food desires and hedonic discrimination in virtual reality varying in product–context appropriateness among older consumers
2022
In: Foods. - : MDPI. - 2304-8158. ; 11:20
Journal article (peer-reviewed) abstract
Immersive virtual reality (VR) videos can replicate complex real-life situations in a systematic, repeatable and versatile manner. New product development trajectories should consider the complexities of daily life eating situations. The creation of immersive contexts of a product with varying levels of appropriateness could be a useful tool for product developers in evaluating the extent to which context may influence food acceptance and eating behavior. This study explored virtual reality (VR) as an efficient context-enhancing technology through evaluations of protein-enriched rye breads and compared the effects of a VR-simulated congruent (VR restaurant) and incongruent (VR cinema) contexts on the acceptance in older consumers. A total of 70 participants were immersed in the two VR contexts and a neutral control context in a randomized order. The responses indicating the desire and liking for rye breads were measured, and the extent of immersion during context exposure was assessed by levels of the sense of presence and engagement. Immersive VR induced positive sensations of presence and a heightened level of engagement. The VR restaurant and neutral contexts were perceived as more appropriate for consuming rye breads and induced higher desire and liking for rye breads, which supported the notion of the alignment of congruent contexts with food desire and liking. The study provides new perspectives, practical methodologies, and discoveries in regard to the creation and application of VR-immersed contexts in food product evaluation. Moreover, it focused on a consumer segment (older consumers) that has seldom been investigated in previous relevant studies. The findings suggest that immersive VR technology, as a tool for evaluating contextual factors, is important for new product development. The good user experience among older consumers further indicated the potential value of VR as a context-enhancing tool for product development.
17.
18.
19.
Larsson, Stefan, et al.
(author)
Smart City Governance - AI Ethics in a Spatial Context : Select papers from 2021/2022
2022
Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.) abstract
This brief anthology presents the basics of the interdisciplinary course called “Smart City Governance – AI Ethics in a Spatial Context”, given at Lund University. Furthermore, it includes three papers and a task written by students from the class of 2021/2022 in order to show examples of the topics possible to analyse when combining engineering students from programmes on data, ICT and land surveying with students from the humanities or social sciences.Head of course is Stefan Larsson, Associate Professor at the Department of Technology and Society at LTH, Lund University. As a socio-legal scholar and lawyer at a faculty of engineering, he leads a group studying governance and issues of trust and transparency with autonomous and AI-driven technologies in domains ranging from the public sector to consumer markets, medicine and social robotics.Laetitia Tanqueray is a Teaching Assistant on this course, and canvas coordinator. Laetitia holds bachelors’ in English Law and French Law and a master’s in Sociology of Law. She is a project assistant at the Department of Technology and Society at LTH, Lund University, investigating questions related to socio-legal robotics.
20.
Liwång, Hans, et al.
(author)
Ship security challenges in high-risk areas : manageable or insurmountable?
2015
In: WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs (JoMA). - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1651-436X .- 1654-1642. ; 14:2, s. 201-217
Journal article (peer-reviewed) abstract
Piracy can lead to risks so high that they, according to the International Maritime Organization, are tolerable only if risk reduction is not practicable or is disproportionate to the benefits achieved. Therefore, there is a need for reducing ship security risks in relation to antagonistic threats such as piracy. The aim of this study is to identify challenges for ship operators when developing their ship security management. Furthermore, this study also investigates two central aspects in the analysis: understanding the threat and understanding how a security threat affects the crew and operation of the ship. It is clear from the analysis that the importance of subjective aspects beyond a ship operators’ direct control is high. This seems to be the fact for all aspects of the risk management process. The situation is also dynamic as the security risk, as well as the risk perception, can change dramatically even though there are no actual operational changes. As a result, the ship security management process is highly iterative and depends on situations on board as well as conditions out of the ship operator’s control. In order to make ship security manageable, the risk management has to put particular focus on methodological understanding, relevant system understanding and well-defined risk acceptance criteria as well as on including all levels of the organization in the risk reduction implementation and on a continuous monitoring.
21.
Jeong, Seung Hee, 1978-
(author)
Soft Intelligence : Liquids Matter in Compliant Microsystems
2016
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic) abstract
Soft matter, here, liquids and polymers, have adaptability to a surrounding geometry. They intrinsically have advantageous characteristics from a mechanical perspective, such as flowing and wetting on surrounding surfaces, giving compliant, conformal and deformable behavior. From the behavior of soft matter for heterogeneous surfaces, compliant structures can be engineered as embedded liquid microstructures or patterned liquid microsystems for emerging compliant microsystems.Recently, skin electronics and soft robotics have been initiated as potential applications that can provide soft interfaces and interactions for a human-machine interface. To meet the design parameters, developing soft material engineering aimed at tuning material properties and smart processing techniques proper to them are to be highly encouraged. As promising candidates, Ga-based liquid alloys and silicone-based elastomers have been widely applied to proof-of-concept compliant structures.In this thesis, the liquid alloy was employed as a soft and stretchable electrical and thermal conductor (resistor), interconnect and filler in an elastomer structure. Printing-based liquid alloy patterning techniques have been developed with a batch-type, parallel processing scheme. As a simple solution, tape transfer masking was combined with a liquid alloy spraying technique, which provides robust processability. Silicone elastomers could be tunable for multi-functional building blocks by liquid or liquid-like soft solid inclusions. The liquid alloy and a polymer additive were introduced to the silicone elastomer by a simple mixing process. Heterogeneous material microstructures in elastomer networks successfully changed mechanical, thermal and surface properties.To realize a compliant microsystem, these ideas have in practice been useful in designing and fabricating soft and stretchable systems. Many different designs of the microsystems have been fabricated with the developed techniques and materials, and successfully evaluated under dynamic conditions. The compliant microsystems work as basic components to build up a whole system with soft materials and a processing technology for our emerging society.
22.
Lindborg, PerMagnus, 1968-
(author)
A taxonomy of sound sources in restaurants
In: Applied Acoustics. - 0003-682X .- 1872-910X.
Journal article (peer-reviewed) abstract
Restaurants are complex environments where all our senses are engaged. Physical and psychoacoustic factors have been shown to be associated with perceived environmental quality in restaurants. More or less designable sound sources such as background music, voices, and kitchen noises are believed to be important in relation to the overall perception of the soundscape. Previous research publications have suggested typologies and other structured descriptions of sound sources for some environmental contexts, such as urban parks and offices, but there is no detailed account that is relevant to restaurants. While existing classification schemes might be extendable, an empirical approach was taken in the present work. We collected on-site data in 40 restaurants (n = 393), including perceptual ratings, free-form annotations of characteristic sounds and whether they were liked or not, and free-form descriptive words for the environment as a whole. The annotations were subjected to analysis using a cladistic approach and yielded a multi-level taxonomy of perceived sound sources in restaurants. Ten different classification taxa were evaluated by comparing the respondents' Liking of sound sources, by categories defined in the taxonomy, and their Pleasantness rating of the environment as a whole. Correlation analysis revealed that a four-level clade was efficient and outperformed alternatives. Internal validation of the Pleasantness construct was made through separate ratings (n = 7) of on-site free-form descriptions of the environment. External validation was made with ratings from a separate listening experiment (n = 48). The two validations demonstrated that the four-level Sound Sources in Restaurants (SSR) clade had good construct validity and external robustness. Analysis of the data revealed two findings. Voice-related characteristic sounds including a ‘people’ specifier were more liked than those without such a specifier (d = 0.14 SD), possibly due to an emotional crossmodal association mechanism. Liking of characteristic sounds differed between the first and last annotations that the respondents had made (d = 0.21 SD), which might be due to an initially positive bias being countered by exposure to a task inducing a mode of critical listening. We believe that the SSR taxonomy will be useful for field research and simulation design. The empirical findings might inform theory, specifically research charting the perception of sound sources in multimodal environments.
23.
Ström, Henrik, 1981, et al.
(author)
Behaviour and stability of the two-fluid model for fine-scale simulations of bubbly flow in nuclear reactors
2015
In: International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1542-6580 .- 2194-5748. ; 13:4, s. 449-459
Journal article (peer-reviewed) abstract
In the present work, we formulate a simplistic two-fluid model for bubbly steam-water flow existing between fuel pins in nuclear fuel assemblies. Numerical simulations are performed in periodic 2D domains of varying sizes. The appearance of a non-uniform volume fraction field in the form of meso-scales is investigated and shown to be varying with the bubble loading and the domain size, as well as with the numerical algorithm employed. These findings highlight the difficulties involved in interpreting the occurrence of instabilities in two-fluid simulations of gas-liquid flows, where physical and unphysical instabilities are prone to be confounded. The results obtained in this work therefore contribute to a rigorous foundation in on-going efforts to derive a consistent meso-scale formulation of the traditional two-fluid model for multiphase flows in nuclear reactors.
24.
Isacson, Åsa, 1983, et al.
(author)
The use of digital layers in post-growth communities - an exploratory study
2023
In: Proceedings for the 6th International Conference on Smart Villages and Rural Development (COSVARD 2023). - 9780734057150
Conference paper (other academic/artistic) abstract
The pursuit of infinite growth on a planet with finite resources is leading to a failure in achieving global sustainable transition goals. The concept of Degrowth or 'post-growth' has emerged as a counter-movement advocating for alternative approaches focused on living within resource constraints. Within this context, small-scale communities with post-growth orientations are particularly interesting, as they actively explore their own alternative development models. These communities have potential to act as decentralised laboratories for radical change, translating Degrowth/post-growth theory into actionable practices. This paper examines how the operational tools have changed for post-growth communities since 2004 (Web 2.0). Through in-depth interviews with tech-savvy representatives in this field, the study explores the potential of "new" technologies to empower post-growth communities.
25.
Kersten, Anton, 1991, et al.
(author)
Inverter and Battery Drive Cycle Efficiency Comparisons of CHB and MMSP Traction Inverters for Electric Vehicles
2019
In: 2019 21st European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, EPE 2019 ECCE Europe. ; , s. 1-12
Conference paper (peer-reviewed) abstract
This paper investigates the performance of several inverter types for electric vehicles. A standard two-level and two seven-level multilevel inverters, a cascaded H-bridge (CHB) and a modular multilevel series parallel (MMSP) inverter, are considered. Based on the AC impedance spectra measured on a single battery cell, the battery pack impedances of the multilevel and two-level inverter systems are modeled. The inverter losses are modeled using the semiconductors’ datasheets. Based on the loss models, the inverter and battery efficiency during different driving cycles are assessed. In comparison to the two-level inverter system, the multilevel inverter drivetrains show an increased drivetrain efficiency, despite increased battery losses. The MMSP topology showed the best result. In comparison to the CHB topology, the battery losses were reduced by the MMSP inverter system.
26.
Wlazlak, Paraskeva, et al.
(author)
Original equipment manufacturer (OEM)-supplier integration to prepare for production ramp-up
2019
In: Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1741-038X .- 1758-7786. ; 30:2, s. 506-530
Journal article (peer-reviewed) abstract
Purpose: Although prior research provides evidence that production ramp-up is often disrupted by supplier-related problems, it fails to discuss how the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and various types of suppliers integrate their functions and operations to secure preparations for production ramp-up. The purpose of this paper is to investigate OEM–supplier integration in a new product development (NPD) project to prepare for production ramp-up.Design/methodology/approach: The results presented in this paper are based on a real-time, longitudinal study of a single collaborative NPD project in the mechanical engineering industry. The NPD project involves seven suppliers and it is carried out in a large Swedish company (the OEM) and fits the theory-elaborating approach of this research.Findings: This study argues that the aspect of timing in OEM–supplier integration, the OEM’s research and development (R&D) attitude toward collaboration and the OEM’s (R&D) operating procedure are challenges affecting the preparation for production ramp-up. The following three mechanisms to facilitate OEM–supplier integration in order to prepare for production ramp-up are also discussed: the mediator’s role, the OEM’s face-to-face meeting at the project level and suppliers’ formal face-to-face meetings with the OEM and internally.Originality/value: This paper elaborates on and extends prior research on production ramp-up by conducting an empirical analysis that incorporates supplier integration in NPD. It bridges the gap between the literature on production ramp-up and on supplier integration in NPD and clearly indicates that supplier integration is an important prerequisite for successful production ramp-up.
27.
Stylidis, Kostas, 1978, et al.
(author)
Perceived Quality Evaluation with the Use of Extended Reality
2019
In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2220-4334 .- 2220-4342. ; 1:1, s. 1993-2002
Conference paper (peer-reviewed) abstract
If designers want to communicate quality aspects of the product, there is a need to bring these characteristics into the measurable space of perceived quality (PQ) attributes. To illustrate the solution for designers' dilemma of the “best design choice” in this study we applied the PQ attributes importance ranking (PQAIR) method, with the example of a bread toaster. We choose for evaluation three PQ attributes which can significantly influence visual quality of a product: Gap, Flush and Parallelism. We performed the experiment measuring subjective preferences over the toaster designs of two respondent's groups - “Designers” and “Customers.” We used sequentially: (i) web-survey (still images); (ii) desktop system; and (iii) fully immersive head-mounted display system (Virtual Reality). Consequently, we conducted a post-experiment survey regarding subjective preferences, related to the PQ communication channels that have been implemented during the study. Our results indicate advantages and drawbacks for each PQ communication method that we applied in this experiment and encourage further research in the area of products' perceived quality assessment.
28.
Systems Perspectives on Biorefineries 2013
2013
Editorial collection (peer-reviewed) abstract
Replacing fossil fuels with biomass for the production of energy carriers, materialsand specialty chemicals is a challenge that now confronts humanity. In whichapplications shall we use limited resources of biomass? How can biomass berefined into the products we want? What are the consequences of demanding toomuch? What is an optimal design of a biorefinery? Where should they be located?What policy instruments are required to realise the biorefineries of the future?There is not one final answer to these questions. However, different systems studiescan provide us with complementary pieces of the puzzle. These can be valuableby themselves, or be brought together into a larger and more complex picture.Systems Perspectives on Biorefineries 2013 is an updated edition of SystemsPerspectives on Biorefineries 2012 and contains twelve chapters that address differenttopics related to the immensely important issue of how the world’s biomassresources can, or should, be converted into the goods we need and desire. Thebook is still far from complete, but it is a contribution and a start...
29.
30.
Wetterlund, Elisabeth, et al.
(author)
Implications of system expansion for the assessment of well-to-wheel CO2 emissions from biomass-based transportation
2010
In: International Journal of Energy Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0363-907X .- 1099-114X. ; 34:13, s. 1136-1154
Journal article (peer-reviewed) abstract
In this paper we show the effects of expanding the system when evaluating well-to-wheel (WTW) CO2 emissions for biomass-based transportation, to include the systems surrounding the biomass conversion system. Four different cases are considered: DME via black liquor gasification (BLG), methanol via gasification of solid biomass, lignocellulosic ethanol and electricity from a biomass integrated gasification combined cycle (BIGCC) used in a battery-powered electric vehicle (BPEV). All four cases are considered with as well as without carbon capture and storage (CCS). System expansion is used consistently for all flows. The results are compared with results from a conventional WTW study that only uses system expansion for certain co-product flows. It is shown that when expanding the system, biomass-based transportation does not necessarily contribute to decreased CO2 emissions and the results from this study in general indicate considerably lower CO2 mitigation potential than do the results from the conventional study used for comparison. It is shown that of particular importance are assumptions regarding future biomass use, as by expanding the system, future competition for biomass feedstock can be taken into account by assuming an alternative biomass usage. Assumptions regarding other surrounding systems, such as the transportation and the electricity systems are also shown to be of significance. Of the four studied cases without CCS, BIGCC with the electricity used in a BPEV is the only case that consistently shows a potential for CO2 reduction when alternative use of biomass is considered. Inclusion of CCS is not a guarantee for achieving CO2 reduction, and in general the system effects are equivalent or larger than the effects of CCS. DME from BLG generally shows the highest CO2 emission reduction potential for the biofuel cases. However, neither of these options for biomass-based transportation can alone meet the needs of the transport sector. Therefore, a broader palette of solutions, including different production routes, different fuels and possibly also CCS, will be needed.
31.
32.
Smart City Governance – AI Ethics in a Spatial Context : Selected Essays from 2022/2023
2023
Editorial collection (other academic/artistic) abstract
This brief anthology presents the basics of the interdisciplinary course called Smart City Governance – AI Ethics in a Spatial Context, given at LTH, Lund University. Furthermore, it includes three selected essays from the main assignment written by students from the class of 2022/2023. These provide with examples of the topics possible to analyse when combining engineering students from programmes on data, ICT, architecture, and land surveying with students from the humanities or social sciences.
33.
Bengtsson, Lars, 1963
(author)
Electrical Measurement Systems and Methods
2014
Book (other academic/artistic) abstract
This book treats a wide range of aspects on electrical measurement systems and the methods used to acquire data from electronic systems. That includes sensors and sensor design, amplifiers such as differential and charge amplifiers, ADCs and DACs, digital oscilloscopes, cable theory and probes, noise and noise coupling, common and normal mode signals. This first part (chapters 1-8) doesn’t require any advanced mathematics and is aimed towards undergraduates. The second part (chapters 9-17) is on an advanced level (master level) and treats transform theory (Fourier, Laplace, z) and how to handle signals in frequency space. We cover the sampling theorem (Nyquist), resolution bandwidth, frequency spectrum distortions like aliasing and leakage and how to apply windows in a frequency spectrum. We also cover systems and signal processing in time-space, including convolution and correlation, filter theory and filter design (both analog and digital). The last chapters concern the statistical aspects on measurement systems and signals, like point and interval estimations, curve fitting and uncertainty estimations according to the GUM method.
34.
Ivashina, Marianna, 1975, et al.
(author)
Antenna Technologies for Beyond-5G Wireless Communication : Challenges and Opportunities
2021
In: 2021 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, ISAP 2021. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
Conference paper (peer-reviewed) abstract
This paper provides an overview of the Sweden-Taiwan collaborative research framework project 'Antenna Technologies for Beyond-5G Wireless Communication' that has been recently established to develop robust and energy-efficient integrated antenna solutions for frequencies beyond 100 GHz as future enabling technologies for the 5G+ applications. Technological challenges in manufacturing and integration with electronics as well as available opportunities are discussed.
35.
Kersten, Anton, 1991, et al.
(author)
CM & Line-Dm Noise Separation for Three-Level NPC Inverter with Connected Neutral Point for Vehicle Traction Applications
2019
In: ITEC 2019 - 2019 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo. ; June 2019, s. 1-6
Conference paper (peer-reviewed) abstract
EMI standards limit the noise level for conducted disturbances on DC power cables of electric vehicles. However, designing the EMI filter requires the information about the CM and DM noise levels. Therefore, a separation of the noise is needed. This paper deals with the separation and quantification of the three-phase DM and CM noise for a three-level NPC inverter with a connected neutral point. A hardware separator, based on HF transformers was developed to separate the noise into CM and line-DM noise. The CM and line-DM noise of the NPC inverter was measured, when operating the inverter with a two-level and a three-level modulation. As expected, the CM noise is dominating, and it is shown that the three-level operation reduces the noise compared to the two-level operation by about 3 to 6 dB.
36.
Dochev, Dimitar Milkov, 1981, et al.
(author)
A Technology Demonstrator for 1.6–2.0 THz Waveguide HEB Receiver with a Novel Mixer Layout
2011
In: Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-6892 .- 1866-6906. ; 32:4, s. 451-465
Journal article (peer-reviewed) abstract
In this paper, we present our studies on a technology demonstrator for a balanced waveguide hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixer operating in the 1.6–2.0 THz band. The design employs a novel layout for the HEB mixer combining several key technologies: all-metal THz waveguide micromachining, ultra-thin NbN film deposition and a micromachining of a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate to manufacture the HEB mixer. In this paper, we present a novel mixer layout that greatly facilitates handling and mounting of the mixer chip via self-aligning as well as provides easy electrical interfacing. In our opinion, this opens up a real prospective for building multi-pixel waveguide THz receivers. Such receivers could be of interest for SOFIA, possible follow up of the Herschel HIFI, and even for ground based telescopes yet over limited periods of time with extremely dry weather (PWV less than 0.1 mm).
37.
Groth, Sanne Krogh, et al.
(author)
Introduction : Negotiating Noise Across Places, Spaces and Disciplines
2021
In: Negotiating Noise : Across Places, Spaces and Disciplines - Across Places, Spaces and Disciplines. - : The Sound Environment Centre at Lund University. - 9789198711707 - 9789198711714 ; 19:19, s. 15-33
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
38.
39.
Pinzone, Marta, et al.
(author)
A framework for operative and social sustainability functionalities in Human- Centric Cyber-Physical Production Systems
2020
In: Computers and Industrial Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-8352. ; 139
Journal article (peer-reviewed) abstract
In a near future where manufacturing companies are faced with the rapid technological developments of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and Industry 4.0, a need arises to consider how this will affect human operators remaining as a vital and important resource in modern production systems. What will the implications of these orchestrated and ubiquitous technologies in production – a concept we call Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS) – be on the health, learning and operative performance of human workers? This paper makes three main contributions to address the question. First, it synthesizes the diverse literature regarding CPS and social sustainability in production systems. Second, it conceptualizes a holistic framework, the CyFL Matrix, and outlines a guideline to analyze how the functionalities of a CPPS relate to operational and social sustainability-related performance impacts at different levels of analysis. Finally, it presents an industrial use case, which the CyFL Matrix and the related guidelines are applied to. In doing so, the study offers first support to researchers and managers of manufacturing companies willing to define suitable operational and social sustainability-related performances for Human-centric Cyber-Physical Production Systems of the future.
40.
Kontopoulos, E., et al.
(author)
Deliverable 4.5: Context-aware Content Interpretation
2016
Reports (peer-reviewed) abstract
The current deliverable summarises the work conducted within task T4.5 of WP4, presenting our proposed approaches for contextualised content interpretation, aimed at gaining insightful contextualised views on content semantics. This is achieved through the adoption of appropriate context-aware semantic models developed within the project, and via enriching the semantic descriptions with background knowledge, deriving thus higher level contextualised content interpretations that are closer to human perception and appraisal needs. More specifically, the main contributions of the deliverable are the following: A theoretical framework using physics as a metaphor to develop different models of evolving semantic content. A set of proof-of-concept models for semantic drifts due to field dynamics, introducing two methods to identify quantum-like (QL) patterns in evolving information searching behaviour, and a QL model akin to particle-wave duality for semantic content classification. Integration of two specific tools, Somoclu for drift detection and Ncpol2spda for entanglement detection. An “energetic” hypothesis accounting for contextualized evolving semantic structures over time. A proposed semantic interpretation framework, integrating (a) an ontological inference scheme based on Description Logics (DL), (b) a rule-based reasoning layer built on SPARQL Inference Notation (SPIN), (c) an uncertainty management framework based on non-monotonic logics. A novel scheme for contextualized reasoning on semantic drift, based on LRM dependencies and OWL’s punning mechanism. An implementation of SPIN rules for policy and ecosystem change management, with the adoption of LRM preconditions and impacts. Specific use case scenarios demonstrate the context under development and the efficiency of the approach. Respective open-source implementations and experimental results that validate all the above.All these contributions are tightly interlinked with the other PERICLES work packages: WP2 supplies the use cases and sample datasets for validating our proposed approaches, WP3 provides the models (LRM and Digital Ecosystem models) that form the basis for our semantic representations of content and context, WP5 provides the practical application of the technologies developed to preservation processes, while the tools and algorithms presented in this deliverable can be deployed in combination with test scenarios, which will be part of the WP6 test beds.
41.
Maronidis, A., et al.
(author)
PERICLES Deliverable 4.3: Content Semantics and Use Context Analysis Techniques
2016
Reports (peer-reviewed) abstract
The current deliverable summarises the work conducted within task T4.3 of WP4, focusing on the extraction and the subsequent analysis of semantic information from digital content, which is imperative for its preservability. More specifically, the deliverable defines content semantic information from a visual and textual perspective, explains how this information can be exploited in long-term digital preservation and proposes novel approaches for extracting this information in a scalable manner. Additionally, the deliverable discusses novel techniques for retrieving and analysing the context of use of digital objects. Although this topic has not been extensively studied by existing literature, we believe use context is vital in augmenting the semantic information and maintaining the usability and preservability of the digital objects, as well as their ability to be accurately interpreted as initially intended.
42.
43.
44.
Bergman, Martin, 1985
(author)
Affective Surface Engineering for Product Design
2016
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic) abstract
Design research, sensation and perception, hard metrology, emotional functions, semantics, surface roughness, product interaction, core values, total appearance… the list of scientific phrases never ends. Yet, what do they mean and how shall we use it when we are communicating with the industry and our end users? Is it possible to link the product experience to process parameters, put a number onto it? When you can measure spoken needs or even better, implied needs, of a product, and relate that data to the production, it is possible do create advanced products with high interaction stimuli. By joining engineering sciences (hard metrology) with design science (soft metrology) correlations between customer’s product experience (emotional functions) and surface properties (technical functions) can be established.The research briefly handles an optimization process where the framework from Kansei Engineering (KE) is used to evaluate the semantics issues primarily regarding materials and functional surfaces of products. The basic idea is that; the stakeholder’s experience shall be observed already at the phase of ideation in the product development process, which then facilitates the project (in regard to the total appearance) later on when a concept reaches the production stage. The results presented in this thesis are carried out through a number of case studies together with the industry. The main result and aim of the research is a developed robust approach that links emotional functions with technical functions, which in the next step facilitates the improvement of the total appearance of a product. Nevertheless, it should be recognized that research is not yet complete. It is an iterative process, which confirms that the loop of the method needs to be complete. The developed method is a toolbox with the fundamental tools and workshops to facilitate the correlation process mentioned above, however the packaging of the final step in the method is not yet complete. The future research outlook will focus on the “independent industry implementation” where the method is used by the industry by guidelines only, thus without researchers support.
45.
Zhou, Ming, et al.
(author)
Oligoamine ionic liquids supported on mesoporous microspheres for CO2 separation with good sorption kinetics and low cost
2020
In: Journal of CO2 Utilization. - : Elsevier. - 2212-9820 .- 2212-9839. ; 39
Journal article (peer-reviewed) abstract
Ionic liquids display good CO2 absorption capacity but poor absorption kinetics and high costs. In the present work, we show that these problems can be solved by impregnating the new low cost ionic liquid pentaethylenehexammonium chloride [PEHA][Cl] and the corresponding amine precursor on a low cost mesoporous microsphere support. Nitrogen adsorption/ desorption, high-resolution SEM and thermogravimetric analysis were employed to analyze the structural and thermal properties of the prepared sorbents. The CO2 adsorption and desorption performance was studied by column experiments and mathematical models were fitted to the data. The results showed that sorbents displayed excellent sorption kinetics and capacity, comparable to the best reports in the literature. In addition, the sorbents could be regenerated and displayed high thermal stability. Finally, the costs of the sorbents developed in the present work is much lower than previously reported sorbents. Therefore this novel supported IL system could be promising for industrial CO2 removal and recovery applications.
46.
Linnéusson, Gary, et al.
(author)
In Need for Better Maintenance Cost Modelling to Support the Partnership with Manufacturing
2016. - 1
In: Current Trends in Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319235967 - 9783319235974 ; , s. 263-282
Conference paper (other academic/artistic) abstract
The problem of maintenance consequential costs has to be dealt with in manufacturing and is core of this paper. The need of sustainable partnership between manufacturing and maintenance is addressed. Stuck in a best practice thinking, applying negotiation as a method based on power statements in the service level agreement, the common best possible achievable goal is put on risk. Instead, it may enforce narrow minded sub optimized thinking even though not intended so. Unfortunately, the state of origin is not straightforward business. Present maintenance cost modelling is approached, however limits to its ability to address the dynamic complexity of production flows are acknowledged. The practical problem to deal with is units put together in production flows; in which downtime in any unit may or may not result in decreased throughput depending on its set up. In this environment accounting consequential costs is a conundrum and a way forward is suggested. One major aspect in the matter is the inevitable need of shift in mind, from perspective thinking in maintenance and manufacturing respectively towards shared perspectives, nourishing an advantageous sustainable partnership.
47.
Böhm, Annette, et al.
(author)
Evaluating CALM M5-based vehicle-to-vehicle communication in various road settings through field trials
2010
In: Proceedings - Conference on Local Computer Networks, LCN, (2010 12 01): 613-620. - Piscataway, N.J. : IEEE Press. - 9781424483877 ; , s. 613-620
Conference paper (peer-reviewed) abstract
Future cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) applications aimed to improve safety, efficiency and comfort on our roads put high demands on the underlying wireless communication system. To gain better understanding of the limitations of the 5.9 GHz frequency band and the set of communication protocols for medium range vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication, a set of field trials with CALM M5 enabled prototypes has been conducted. This paper describes five different real vehicle traffic scenarios covering both urban and rural settings at varying vehicle speeds and under varying line-of-sight (LOS) conditions and discusses the connectivity (measured as Packet Reception Ratio) that could be achieved between the two test vehicles. Our measurements indicate a quite problematic LOS sensitivity that strongly influences the performance of V2V-based applications. We further discuss how the awareness of these context-based connectivity problems can be used to improve the design of possible future cooperative ITS safety applications.
48.
Sagberg, Fridulv, et al.
(author)
A Review of Research on Driving Styles and Road Safety
2015
In: Human Factors. - : SAGE Publications. - 1547-8181 .- 0018-7208. ; 57:No. 7, November 2015, s. 1248- 1275
Research review (peer-reviewed) abstract
Objective: To outline a conceptual framework for understanding driving style and, based on this, review the state-of-the-art research on driving styles in relation to road safety.Background: Previous research has indicated a relationship between the driving styles adopted by drivers and their crash involvement. However, a comprehensive literature review of driving style research is lacking. Method: A systematic literature search was conducted, including empirical, theoretical and methodological research on driving styles related to road safety. Results: A conceptual framework was proposed where driving styles are viewed in terms of driving habits established as a result of individual dispositions as well as social norms and cultural values. Moreover, a general scheme for categorising and operationalizing driving styles was suggested. On this basis, existing literature on driving styles and indicators was reviewed. Links between driving styles and road safety were identified and individual and socio-cultural factors influencing driving style were reviewed. Conclusion: Existing studies have addressed a wide variety of driving styles, and there is an acute need for a unifying conceptual framework in order to synthesise these results and make useful generalisations. There is a considerable potential for increasing road safety by means of behaviour modification. Naturalistic driving observations represent particularly promising approaches to future research on driving styles. Application: Knowledge about driving styles can be applied in programmes for modifying driver behaviour and in the context of usage-based insurance. It may also be used as a means for driver identification and for the development of driver assistance systems.
49.
50.
Foka, Anna, et al.
(author)
Introduction to the DHQ Special Issue: Digital Technology in the Study of the Past
2018
In: Digital Humanities Quarterly. - 1938-4122. ; 12:3
Journal article (peer-reviewed) abstract
Digital technology is transforming the assemblage and dissemination of historical information. Museums, libraries, archives, and universities increasingly modify their digital research infrastructures in order to make data open and available. The imminent assessment and representation of historical data has admittedly challenged the boundaries of historical knowledge and generated new research questions. The process of reconstructing, visualizing and rendering historical data has equally developed together with technology. This is the case in both academic and heritage contexts and in less immediatedly obvious popular uses, such as the increasingly significant presence and use of history within videogames. Regardless of specific context, as this collection of articles shows, the process of digitally capturing and representing historical data is often analogous to and determined by the digital platform used.
