| 1. |
- Burnett, Allan
(författare)
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Order in Ruins : British Society and the Media Assemblage of The World at War c. 1970-1975
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis studies a period of intense crisis and creativity in British media, society, and culture, when the settled outcome of the Second World War (WW2) was perceived to be disintegrating. The post-world-war order was becoming an ‘order in ruins’. The thesis centres on a far-reaching analysis of the making of The World at War (WAW) in the early 1970s. A hugely popular televised documentary series produced in London as the UK entered the European Community amid the Cold War, WAW was a seminal and celebrated attempt to produce a challenging ‘people’s history’ of WW2 with global scope.This is the first full-length academic study of WAW and the first fully comprehensive examination of the production’s key aims and intended outcomes. It shows how WAW was influenced by and sought to intervene in five era-defining developments that upset the presumed status quo: the emergence of media technology as a topic of mainstream intellectual and political debate; the supposed decline of class as a determinant of social relations; the ambivalent second wave of women’s resistance to gender hierarchies; the contradiction of globalist ambitions to surpass cultural barriers amid continuing post-world-war nationalism, post-colonial racism, and economic rivalries; and the sense of a profound gap between pre- and post-world-war generations that exposed an underlying crisis of faith in historical progress. Prior research has tended to concur with claims made on behalf of WAW with regard to these issues or leavekey areas overlooked. This study uses an innovative framework of ‘media assemblage’ derived from critical engagement with contemporary efforts by philosphers Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari to address the above issues under the influence of media theorist Marshall McLuhan, whose ideas also influenced the milieu of WAW. The framework provides a method for enumerating a multiplicity of media assemblages that constituted WAW and its roots in wider society far beyond reductive notions of ‘television’ or ‘film’. This approach is applied to extensive empirical research of the WAW production archive, the series as first broadcast from 1973 to 1975, independent interventions by its contributors in contemporary issues, and a range of contextual sources. This thesis concludes that WAW was not the landmark of democratised history its popular and scholarly reputation suggests. It fell short of its aims to challenge intended British and global audiences on matters of historical representation and memory, social hierarchy, cultural division, and their own behaviour as historical actors. Yet, the construction of those issues both behind the production scenes and on screen was often more complex, sophisticated, and significant than previous studies suggest. This thesis finds the question of how and why WAW took its eventual form was deeply entangled with anxieties, claims, and counter-claims about media, as well as being bound up with the emergence of Thatcherism amid debate over the merits of philosophical introspection versus ideological certainty in disordered times.
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| 2. |
- Moore, Jason W., 1971-
(författare)
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Environmental crises and the metabolic rift in world-historical perspective
- 2000
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Ingår i: Organization & environment. - 1086-0266 .- 1552-7417. ; 13:2, s. 123-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article proposes a new theoretical framework to study the dialectic of capital and nature over the longue durée of world capitalism. The author proposes that today’s global ecological crisis has its roots in the transition to capitalism during the long sixteenth century. The emergence of capitalism marked not only a decisive shift in the arenas of politics, economy, and society, but a fundamental reorganization of world ecology, characterized by a “metabolic rift,” a progressively deepening rupture in the nutrient cycling between the country and the city. Building upon the historical political economy of Marx, Foster, Arrighi, and Wallerstein, the author proposes a new research agenda organized around the concept of systemic cycles of agro-ecological transformation. This agenda aims at discerning the ways in which capitalism’s relationship to nature developed discontinuously over time as recurrent ecological crises have formed a decisive moment of world capitalist crisis, forcing successive waves of restructuring over long historical time.
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| 3. |
- Moore, Jason W., 1971-
(författare)
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'Amsterdam is Standing on Norway', Part I : The Alchemy of Capital, Empire and Nature in the Diaspora of Silver, 1545–1648
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Agrarian Change. - 1471-0358 .- 1471-0366. ; 10:1, s. 33-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the first of two essays in this Journal, I seek to unify the historicalgeography of early modern ‘European expansion’ (Iberia and Latin America)with the environmental history of the ‘transition to capitalism’ (northwestern Europe). The expansion of Europe’s overseas empires and the transitions to capitalism within Europe were differentiated moments within the geographicalexpansion of commodity production and exchange – what I call the commodityfrontier. This essay is developed in two movements. Beginning with a conceptual and methodological recasting of the historical geography of the rise of capitalism,I offer an analytical narrative that follows the early modern diaspora of silver.This account follows the political ecology of silver production and trade from the Andes to Spain in Braudel’s ‘second’ sixteenth century (c. 1545–1648). In highlighting the Ibero-American moment of this process in the present essay, Icontend that the spectacular reorganization of Andean space and the progressive dilapidation of Spain’s real economy not only signified the rise and demise of a trans-Atlantic, Iberian ecological regime, but also generated the historicallynecessary conditions for the unprecedented concentration of accumulation andcommodity production in the capitalist North Atlantic in the centuries thatfollowed.
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| 4. |
- Fjæstad, Maja, 1976-
(författare)
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Visionen om outtömlig energi : Bridreaktorn i svensk kärnkraftshistoria 1945–80
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The fast breeder is a type of nuclear reactor that aroused much attention in the 1950s and 60s. Its ability to produce more nuclear fuel than it consumes offered promises of cheap and reliable energy, and thereby connected it to utopian ideas about an eternal supply of energy. Furthermore, the ideas of breeder reactors were a vital part of the post-war visions about the nuclear future. This dissertation investigates the plans for breeder reactors in Sweden, connecting them to the contemporary development of nuclear power with heavy or light water and the discussions of nuclear weapons, as well as to the general visions of a prosperous technological future. The history of the Swedish breeder reactor is traced from high hopes in the beginning, via the fiasco of the Swedish heavy water program, partly focusing on the activities at the company AB Atomenergi and investigating how it planned and argued for its breeder program and how this was received by the politicians. The story continues into the intensive environmental movement in the 1970s, ending with the Swedish referendum on nuclear energy in 1980, which can be seen as the final point for the Swedish breeder. The thesis discusses how the nuclear breeder reactor was transformed from an argument for nuclear power to an argument against it. The breeder began as a part of the vision of a society with abundant energy, but was later seen as a threat against the new sustainable world. The nuclear breeder reactor is an example of a technological vision that did not meet its industrial expectations. But that does not prevent the fact that breeder was an influential technology in an age where import decisions about nuclear energy were made. The thesis argues that important decisions about the contemporary reactors were taken with the idea that they in a foreseeable future would be replaced with the efficient breeder. And the last word on the breeder reactor is not said – today, reactor engineers around the world are showing a renewed interest in this elusive reactor type.
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| 5. |
- Moore, Jason W., 1971-
(författare)
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The end of the road? : agricultural revolutions in the capitalist World-ecology, 1450-2010
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Agrarian Change. - : Wiley - Blackwell. - 1471-0358 .- 1471-0366. ; 10:3, s. 389-413
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Does the present socio-ecological impasse – captured in popular discussions of the ‘end’ of cheap food and cheap oil – represent the latest in a long history of limits and crises that have been transcended by capital, or have we arrived at an epochal turning point in the relation of capital, capitalism and agricultural revolution? For the better part of six centuries, the relation between world capitalism and agriculture has been a remarkable one. Every great wave of capitalist development has been paved with ‘cheap’ food. Beginning in the long sixteenth century, capitalist agencies pioneered successive agricultural revolutions, yielding a series of extraordinary expansions of the food surplus. This paper engages the crisis of neoliberalism today, and asks: Is another agricultural revolution, comparable to those we have known in the history of capitalism, possible? Does the present conjuncture represent a developmental crisis of capitalism that can be resolved by establishing new agro-ecological conditions for another long wave of accumulation, or are we now witnessing an epochal crisis of capitalism? These divergent possibilities are explored from a perspective that views capitalism as ‘world-ecology’, joining together the accumulation of capital and the production of nature in dialectical unity.
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| 6. |
- Kardell, Örjan, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Skogsgödslingen i backspegeln : debatten om storskogsbrukets kvävegödsling i Sverige ca 1960-2009
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the mid-1960s, fertilization (with nitrogen) had a breakthrough as a forest management method in Swedish company owned forests. The activity grew and peaked during the 1970s but then lost ground and stabilized on a low level in the 1990s and early 2000s. Over the last five years, however, interest in fertilizing Swedish forests has increased again. In this article factors that have shaped these fluctuations are explored. A specific task is to investigate to what extent the fluctuations correlate with debates on environmental issues. Furthermore, conflicting “fundamental ideas” within interest groups, representing forestry and the environmental movement respectively, are identified and analyzed. The study thus sheds some light on how the relationship between forestry and the environmental movement has evolved, from the 1960s until today.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Moore, Jason W., 1971-
(författare)
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Nature and the transition from feudalism to capitalism
- 2003
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Ingår i: Review: A Journal of the Fernand Braudel Center. - 0147-9032. ; 26:2, s. 97-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An epochal transformation of nature-society relations was inscribed in the transition from feudalism to capitalism. This article advances three central propositions. First, the origins of today’s global ecological crisis are found in the emergence of the capitalist world-economy in the “long” sixteenth century - not in industrialization, population growth, or market expansion, as the conventional wisdom would have it. Secondly, the crisis of feudalism was a general crisis not only of medieval Europe’s political economy, but in equal measure an expression of feudalism’s underlying ecological contradictions. Thirdly, the rise of capitalism effected a radical recomposition of world ecology. As early as the sixteenth century, we can see how the emergent logic of capital, which at once implies endless expansion and seeks to flatten socio-ecological diversity, undermined the possibilities for a sustainable relation between nature and society. Capitalism thus differed radically from feudalism and all other precapitalist formations. Where earlier ecological crises had been local, capitalism globalized them. From this standpoint, the origins of capitalism may shed light on today’s ecological crises.
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| 10. |
- Lindkvist, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Intensive Forestry as Progress or Decay? : An Analysis of the Debate about Forest Fertilization in Sweden, 1960–2010
- 2011
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Ingår i: Forests. - : MDPI Publishing. - 1999-4907. ; 2:1, s. 112-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the mid-1960s, fertilization (with nitrogen) had a breakthrough as a promising forest management method in Swedish company owned forests. The activity grew and peaked during the 1970s but then lost ground and stabilized at a low level in the 1990s and early 2000s. Over the last five years, however, interest in fertilizing Swedish forests has increased again. In this article both the forestry industry’s, and the environmental movement’s, attitudes toward forest fertilization over time are investigated. Furthermore, conflicting persistent ideas about nature and future, i.e., “figures of thought”, within interest groups, representing forestry and the environmental movement respectively, are identified and analyzed in relation to the debate on fertilization. The analysis reveals mainly three figures of thought that have influenced this debate during the period, “the idea of progress”, “the idea of decay” and “the idea of the great chain of being”. The study thus sheds light on how the relationship between forestry and the environmental movement has evolved from the 1960s until today and uncovers thought patterns that have stood, and continue to stand, in opposition to one another.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Ekerholm, Helena, 1981-
(författare)
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Bränsle för den moderna nationen : Etanol och gengas i Sverige under mellankrigstiden och andra världskriget
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis investigate Swedish policy-making concerning promotion of wood gas and ethanol distilled from fermented sulphite lye as domestic fuel alternatives in the Interwar years and World War II. With a departure point in the theories of social constructions of technology (SCOT), the sociology of expectations and Thomas P. Hughe’s socio-technical systems I analyse the measures that were undertaken in these efforts, the arguments put forward for and against the ethanol and wood gas projects and how the efforts turned out. I also investigate how the interpretations of ethanol and wood gas as fuel alternatives changed from the Interwar period on through World War II and what consequences this had for ethanol and wood gas policy immediately after World War II. Source material includes Parliament and Government records, cabinet meeting files, governmental commissions, authority archives, technical evaluations and handbooks and scientific medical publications.Ethanol and wood gas were promoted from a nationalist vantage point. The Interwar debate was imbued with visions of national techno-scientific prowess in a perceived ongoing global contest for technological and scientific advancement, of which achieving autarky, self-sufficiency on important raw materials and industrial products, was an ideal for some. Ethanol and wood gas were also promoted as means for creating a lucrative new market for the forestry industry, which also held a prominent position in nationalist visions of technology. Expectations of a new war also motivated the promotion of ethanol and wood gas as national fuels. Measures for promotion included tax exemptions, sales guarantees and legislation for mandatory ethanol purchase for all petrol importing companies and gasifier loan funds. Political conflicts mainly centred around the principles of free trade as opposed to protectionism, proper use of tax funds and whether the potentials of the fuel alternatives were rhetorically exaggerated. During World War II ethanol and wood gas in particular served as important petrol surrogates. The increased wood gas use led to negative interpretations of wood gas a fuel alternative due to its hazardous, dirty and time-consuming maintenance and the changed driving behaviour it required from its users compared to petrol or ethanol fuelled automobiles. Compared to wood gas, ethanol was appreciated for its socio-technical similarities to petrol, but production was after the war deemed difficult to maintain during wartime. Whereas wood gas remained an important stand-by surrogate during the cold war, Swedish politicians lost interest in ethanol of the kind that was promoted in the Interwar years.
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| 14. |
- Foka, Anna, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction to the DHQ Special Issue : Digital Technology in the Study of the Past
- 2018
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Ingår i: Digital Humanities Quarterly. - Boston : Alliance for Digital Humanities Organisations. - 1938-4122. ; 12:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digital technology is transforming the assemblage and dissemination of historical information. Museums, libraries, archives, and universities increasingly modify their digital research infrastructures in order to make data open and available (see [Crane, Seales, and Terras 2009]; [Smithies 2014]; [Terras, Nyhan, and Vanhoutte 2013]; cf [Foka et al. 2017]). The imminent assessment and representation of historical data has admittedly challenged the boundaries of historical knowledge and generated new research questions [Drucker 2013] [Nygren, Foka, and Buckland 2014] #nygren2016 [Westin 2014] #westin2015[Chapman, Foka, and Westin 2016] [Foka and Arvidsson 2016]. The process of reconstructing, visualizing and rendering historical data has equally developed together with technology [Westin, Foka, and Chapman 2018]. This is the case in both academic and heritage contexts and in less immediately obvious popular uses, such as the increasingly significant presence and use of history within video games [Chapman 2016]. Regardless of specific context, as this collection of articles shows, the process of digitally capturing and representing historical data is often analogous to and determined by the digital platform used.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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Digital Histories: Emergent Approaches within the New Digital History
- 2020
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Ingår i: Digital Histories: Emergent Approaches within the New Digital History, eds. Mats Fridlund, Mila Oiva, & Petri Paju. - Helsinki : Helsinki University Press. - 9789523690202 ; , s. 3-18
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Historical scholarship is currently undergoing a digital turn. All historians have experienced this change in one way or another, by writing on word processors, applying quantitative methods on digitalized source materials, or using internet resources and digital tools. Digital Histories showcases this emerging wave of digital history research. It presents work by historians who – on their own or through collaborations with e.g. information technology specialists – have uncovered new, empirical historical knowledge through digital and computational methods. The topics of the volume range from the medieval period to the present day, including various parts of Europe. The chapters apply an exemplary array of methods, such as digital metadata analysis, machine learning, network analysis, topic modelling, named entity recognition, collocation analysis, critical search, and text and data mining. The volume argues that digital history is entering a mature phase, digital history ‘in action’, where its focus is shifting from the building of resources towards the making of new historical knowledge. This also involves novel challenges that digital methods pose to historical research, including awareness of the pitfalls and limitations of the digital tools and the necessity of new forms of digital source criticisms. Through its combination of empirical, conceptual and contextual studies, Digital Histories is a timely and pioneering contribution taking stock of how digital research currently advances historical scholarship.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Nyberg, Kenneth, 1971
(författare)
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Världscirkeln sluts
- 2014
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Ingår i: Maria Sjöberg (red.), En samtidig världshistoria. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144074375 ; , s. 588-610
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stillahavsområdets historia 1500–1800: Under stora delar av perioden fungerade Stilla havet i huvudsak fortfarande som sammanbindande på lokal och regional nivå snarare än transocean. De förbindelser som förekom var likväl mycket viktiga och bestod under större delen av perioden främst av de spanska silvergaljonerna mellan Manila i Filippinerna och Acapulco i Mexico. De var en del i den globala handeln och även viktiga för det kulturella och biologiska utbytet i form av människor, grödor och sjukdomar mellan Europa, Amerika, Oceanien, Asien och Afrika.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Fridlund, Mats, 1965
(författare)
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Buckets, Bollards and Bombs: Towards Subject Histories of Technologies and Terrors
- 2011
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Ingår i: History and Technology: An International Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0734-1512. ; 27:4, s. 389-414
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article provides a theoretical and empirical contribution to the political history of technology by articulating a new conceptual perspective on the power of technological things and through outlining a history of modern urban technological terror and terrorism. It introduces a user-centered perspective on technological politics in the form of ‘subject histories of technology’ which, contrasting with prevalent ‘object histories of technology’ on technological inventions and innovators, emphasize the self-fashioning power of technological artifacts. Through an overview history of technology of ‘terrormindedness’ covering the three subsequent waves of urban terror arising from aerial bombardment, nuclear weapons and substate terrorism it shows how technologies have been used by individual citizens to cope with the experience of man-made fear and insecurity. In conclusion it argues that the political history of technology should to the focus on community politics and system politics of big institutional technologies add an attention to the personal politics of the emotional and material power of small technical things.
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| 23. |
- Karivieri, Arja
(författare)
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Olaus Magnus the Goth on Fire, Light and Lighting Devices of the Northern People
- 2019
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Ingår i: Glass, wax and metal. - Oxford : Archaeopress. - 9781789692167 ; , s. 32-38
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Olaus Magnus, Archbishop of Uppsala, published Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus in Rome in 1555. This encyclopedic, illustrated work on the customs and history of the Nordic people became popular and it was translated into several European languages during the following decades. In this article, a special focus is given to the various instances where Olaus Magnus comments on fire, light and lighting devices in Scandinavia, such as the symbolic meaning of fire and light at wedding ceremonies, lighting the guild feasts, light in Christian processions and in the church, lighting in wintertime, light and fire in summertime, fire and lights during warfare, birds and lights, and fishing by means of fire.Finally, the evidence provided by Olaus Magnus is compared with other sources, and what archival sources reveal about the use of light and lighting devices at Häme and Turku Castles in Finland during the same period.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Öhman, May-Britt, 1966-
(författare)
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Gut la dån? Vem är du? Kukas sie olet?
- 2020. - 1
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Ingår i: Kiruna Forever. - Stockholm : Statens centrum för arkitektur och design, ArkDes Förlag. - 9789198511253
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Malmen, skogen och vattenkraften, i de nordliga samiska territorierna, (och numera de nordligaste delarna av Sverige) har under lång tid varit förutsättningen för den vällevnad och ohållbara livsstil som många människor, kanske även du, upprätthåller idag.Titelfrågan – om vem du är – på (lule)samiska, svenska och meänkieli, handlar om just detta. Minns du dina förmödrar och förfäder, och vilken del de har haft i denna historia? Vilken roll, som bygger på det som hänt, är, i nutiden, din? Låt oss bryta ner detta i lite mindre delar. Vi börjar med en fråga om glädje: Vad får dig att känna glädje och är den känslan kopplad till något slags konsumtion? Hur lever du? I vilken slags byggnad, varifrån kommer vattnet du dricker, vart tar maten du processat genom din kropp vägen? Hur färdas du dagligen? Är du fastboende och under svenska statens kontroll eller förflyttar du dig fritt som du vill? Och hur hänger detta ihop med den kultur du lever i? Har du funderat något på vad svensk kultur egentligen är? Hur svensk kultur formuleras i ord, bild, berättelser, i historien du fått lära dig, eller kanske den historia du inte fått lära dig?Jag vill ta dig med på en perspektivvändarresa. Där du, som den du är idag, får vrida och vända på dig för att minnas – och därmed förstå vem du är, vem du blivit, beroende på vad dina föregångare gjort och sagt.Sverige har inte alltid varit. Sverige – Svea rike – som modern kolonialstat skapades på 1500-talet. Fram till dess var samer inflytelserika och mäktiga. Parallellt med de europeiska kolonisationsprocesserna runtom i världen blev även Sverige en stark kolonialstat, ett imperie, grundat på just kolonisationen av de samiska territorierna.
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| 26. |
- Chapman, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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What is historical game studies?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Rethinking history. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1364-2529 .- 1470-1154. ; 21:3, s. 358-371
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 27. |
- Öhman, May-Britt, 1966-
(författare)
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Gut la dån? Vem är du? Kukas sie olet? Who are you?
- 2020. - 1
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Ingår i: Kiruna Forever. - Stockholm : Statens centrum för arkitektur och design, ArkDes Förlag. - 9789198511253
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The ore, the forest and the hydropower of the northern Sami territories (nowadays the northernmost part of Sweden) have for a long time been essential to the unsustainable life of luxury that many people, perhaps even you, lead today.The question in the title – asking who you are in Lule Sami, Swedish and Meänkieli – is about exactly this. Do you remember your foremothers and forefathers, what part they played in this history? Which role, based on all that has happened, is now yours? Let’s break it down into smaller parts. And begin with a question about joy: What makes you feel joy, and is that feeling connected to some kind of consumerism? How do you live? In what kind of building? Where does the water that you drink come from, where does the food processed by your body end up? What is your daily mode of transport? Are you a permanent resident under the control of the Swedish State or do you move freely as you wish? How does all of this connect with the culture you live in? Have you ever considered what Swedish culture really is? And how Swedish culture is being defined through words, images, and stories, through the history you were told, or perhaps through the history you were not told?I want to invite you along on a voyage of reversed perspectives. During which you, as you are today, have to contort yourself to remember – in order to understand who you are, who you have become, and how this depends on what your predecessors did and said. ‘Sweden’ has not always been. Modern Sweden – that is the Kingdom of Sweden – was established as a colonial nation state in the 16th century. Up until then the Sámi were influential and powerful. But, concurrently with other European colonisation processes taking place across the world, Sweden also became an assertive colonial state; an empire founded on the colonisation of the Sámi territories.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Östlund, David
(författare)
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A knower and friend of human beings, not machines : The business career of the terminology of social engineering, 1894-1910
- 2007
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Ingår i: Ideas in History. - 1890-1832. ; 2:2, s. 43-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The terminology of ‘social engineers’ and ‘social engineering’ has been used in divergent ways in different historical contexts. Against the backdrop of the predominantly negative usages of recent decades, not least in critical evaluations of the Swedish welfare state, this article brings out the application that originally turned the terms into common goods. The business career of the expressions started in 1894 with an essay by the relatively radical Dutch industrialist J. C. Van Marken, and received its last major impetus in a book by the moderate American social reformer W. H. Tolman in 1909 (in French 1910). The main idea was that there was a parallel function to fill, alongside that of technical expertise, within modern industry. Dealing with human beings, solving problems within (and perhaps around) the workplace, was just as important for private companies as handling materials and machinery, not least in terms of efficiency and profitability due to motivation and loyalty among the workers. Van Marken’s and Tolman’s approaches are compared, mirroring the encounter between social reform and business management within ‘the labour question’ of the era. The functional parallel introduced by them, stressing the non-technical nature of the social engineer’s professional qualifications, including the talents of the diplomat, is also contrasted with the original version of the usages revolving around the machine metaphor (still the conceptual core in latter-day pejorative applications of the terminology), which was popularized as a positively-charged rhetorical tool in a religious context in 1911.
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| 30. |
- Sappol, Michael, 1953-
(författare)
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Body modern : Fritz Kahn, scientific illustration and the homuncular subject
- 2017
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- A poster first printed in Germany in 1926 depicts the human body as a factory populated by tiny workers doing industrial tasks. Devised by Fritz Kahn (1888–1968), a German-Jewish physician and popular science writer, “Der Mensch als Industriepalast” (or “Man as Industrial Palace”) achieved international fame and was reprinted, in various languages and versions, all over the world. It was a new kind of image—an illustration that was conceptual and scientific, a visual explanation of how things work—and Kahn built a career of this new genre. In collaboration with a stable of artists (only some of whom were credited), Kahn created thousands of images that were metaphorical, allusive, and self-consciously modern, using an eclectic grab-bag of schools and styles: Dada, Art Deco, photomontage, Art Nouveau, Bauhaus functionalism, and commercial illustration.In Body Modern, Michael Sappol offers the first in-depth critical study of Fritz Kahn and his visual rhetoric. Kahn was an impresario of the modern who catered to readers who were hungry for products and concepts that could help them acquire and perform an overdetermined “modern” identity. He and his artists created playful new visual tropes and genres that used striking metaphors to scientifically explain the “life of Man.” This rich and largely obscure corpus of images was a technology of the self that naturalized the modern and its technologies by situating them inside the human body.The scope of Kahn’s project was vast—entirely new kinds of visual explanation—and so was his influence. Today, his legacy can be seen in textbooks, magazines, posters, public health pamphlets, educational websites, and Hollywood movies. But, Sappol concludes, Kahn’s illustrations also pose profound and unsettling epistemological questions about the construction and performance of the self. Lavishly illustrated with more than 100 images, Body Modern imaginatively explores the relationship between conceptual image, image production, and embodied experience.
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| 31. |
- Legnér, Mattias, 1973-
(författare)
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On the Early History Museum Environment Control : Nationalmuseum and Gripsholm Castle in Sweden, c. 1866-1932
- 2011
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Ingår i: Studies in Conservation. - London : International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works. - 0039-3630 .- 2047-0584. ; 56:2, s. 125-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the fact that there have been investigations into the historical development of indoor climate recommendations, to date verylittle research has been carried out on how climate control in museums was actually implemented in the past. This article examinesthe development of climate control in two Swedish museum buildings up until the 1930s: Nationalmuseum and GripsholmCastle. Nationalmuseum was erected to make the state collections more accessible to the public and to provide monitoring andcentral heating. At that time knowledge of climatic conditions in museums was tacit and based on personal experience ratherthan on scientific studies. However, in the early twentieth century the problem of managing museum climate increased as curatorsbecame more aware of the dehydrating effects of central heating on panels and polychrome wood. The first successful attemptsto automatically control indoor climate were carried out at Gripsholm in the 1920s. The focus was then on monitoring andcontrolling temperature rather than relative humidity, but these early attempts also showed that extreme levels of humidity couldbe avoided in an environment that had never been designed for permanent heating. This article examines attempts at managingindoor climate between the 1860s and the 1930s.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Westin, Jonathan, 1980
(författare)
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Negotiating 'Culture', Assembling a Past: the Visual, the Non-Visual and the Voice of the Silent Actant
- 2012
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyse the processes surrounding the creation of a scientific visual representation, where, both in the practical creation of this visualisation and in the way it is communicated, those actants which amount to what we call ‘culture’ or cultural value, are enrolled or ignored. Trying to answer if a broader set of non-visual cultural properties can be identified and their influence described, and if history can be visualised without displacing our knowledge of the past in favour of a popular representation thereof, I trace the interaction between client, artist, technology and target audience. Although the audience is not permitted to take part in the meetings and walk the floors of the studios, and thus seem to remain silent, I argue nonetheless that their voices are heard during the assembling of a visual representation. Furthermore, offering the audience a tool is not enough to entice them to form their own ideas and exercise influence: although often presented as a visitor-empowering pedagogic technique which invites different interpretations of the material at display, the interactive technology offered by museums and educators is a tool of conformity which disciplines the audience and must therefore be treated as such. An object is not an entity which can be separated into artefact and context, but a hybrid made up of associations spread over both space and time. To describe this, and capture how visual representations can represent ‘culture’, I have developed an analytical vocabulary where the absolute limitations of an artefact or phenomenon is the point of departure. As the vocabulary of limitations demonstrates, limitations constitute the borders of an expression and permit an explanation of how associated actants are shaped by these borders into what we have come to refer to as ‘culture’.
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| 34. |
- Dussauge, Isabelle, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Precursors of the IT Nation : Computer use and control in swedish society, 1955–1985
- 2011
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Ingår i: 3rd IFIP WG 9.7 Conference on History of Nordic Computing, HiNC 2010. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag New York. - 9783642233142 - 9783642233159 - 9783642270192 ; , s. 425-432, s. 425-432
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is a presentation of a research project that aims at writing the history of computing in Sweden in the mainframe age from a user perspective. Rather than beginning with the history of hardware, this project takes as its point of departure the way in which actors in different sectors of society used computer technology in order to achieve a higher degree of control over crucial processes, whether through electronic data processing systems, process control or technical/scientific computation.
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| 35. |
- Holm, Olof, 1973-
(författare)
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Hyveljärn eller samisk skinnskrapa? Ett gåtfullt eggverktyg från järnåldern
- 2016
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Ingår i: Arkeologi i norr. - 0284-558X. ; 15, s. 63-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Plane Iron or Sámi Hide Scraper? A Puzzling Edge Tool from the Iron Age This article addresses the function, use and ethnic affiliation of small iron edge tools of type Rygh 416 (reproduced by O. Rygh in Norske Oldsager in 1885). These are known from many excavated graves and settlement sites especially in Mid-Scandinavia, mainly dating from the Migration and Merovingian Periods (fifth/sixth–eighth centuries AD), but also from at least two places further to the south: the centres for shipbuilding, trade and crafts at Lundeborg on Funen and Paviken on Gotland. The author rejects the possibility that this kind of tool was used as a hide scraper, with a transverse shaft of wood, as recently proposed. Several characteristics of the edge tools found, together with their find contexts, strongly conflict with this notion. Instead the author adheres to the traditional opinion that it is probably a matter of a North-European type of plane iron, although no complete plane with such an iron has been found so far. Possible applications may have been the manufacture of ships at places such as Lundeborg and Paviken, and skis and sledges in Mid-Scandinavia.Arguments are also put forward rejecting another conclusion drawn in recent research, namely that this kind of tool represents a specific Sámi material culture. The tool is in fact known from a number of disparate milieus. Thus, it is likely to have been used across ethnic barriers – in so far it is possible to speak about such barriers in Scandinavia during the period in question.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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New natures : joining environmental history with science and technology studies
- 2013
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- New Natures broadens the dialogue between the disciplines of science and technology studies (STS) and environmental history in hopes of deepening and even transforming understandings of human-nature interactions. The volume presents historical studies that engage with key STS theories, offering models for how these theories can help crystallize central lessons from empirical histories, facilitate comparative analysis, and provide a language for complicated historical phenomena. Overall, the collection exemplifies the fruitfulness of cross-disciplinary thinking.
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| 38. |
- Eriksson, Sören
(författare)
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Näringsliv
- 2007
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Ingår i: Jönköpings kommuns historia. - Lund : Historiska Media. - 9789185507207
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 39. |
- Lundström, Brita, 1971-
(författare)
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Grundat 1876 : Historia och företagsidentitet inom Ericsson
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This doctoral thesis sets out to analyse the importance of history use in the modern industrial enterprise and its role in creating and transforming corporate identity. Both history use and corporate identity are concerned with creating and using a narrative or a self-image, and these concepts, accordingly, provide the starting point of the study. More specifically, the aim is to analyse how, at various points of time and in various connections, Ericsson, the Swedish telecom conglomerate, has produced and used its history and how that history has been used for creating a corporate identity. The theoretical premises are drawn from two separate fields of research, namely history use and corporate branding.The thesis comprises two parts, the first of which is a comparison over time, showing how history use has changed within the enterprise and focussing mainly on activities at head office/the main factory in Stockholm. The first of these three chapters deals with LM Ericsson’s relocation in 1940 to its newly built factory at Telefonplan in Stockholm, where history was used to show how new the new plant was. The second chapter deals with the LM Ericsson centenary in 1976. The planning and conduct of the centenary celebrations are studied to analyse the purpose of the centenary commemoration, which in this particular instance was very much aimed at strengthening relations with important customer groups. The third chapter covers the period between 2001 and 2004, during which the company celebrated the 125th anniversary of its formation and transferred its head office from Telefonplan to Kista. During this period the company passed through a financial crisis which impacted on the enterprise and on its manner of communication. On all three occasions, history was closely connected to communication and marketing, but the use of history assumed different guises at different times.Part II is devoted to a particular history product, namely anniversary and commemorative publications produced by various subsidiaries and divisions within the group. Here the perspective is broadened to include Ericsson companies both in Sweden and abroad. The publications are analysed in terms of genre and form, function and content. A hypothesis that the books contain a canon or basic narrative proves untenable. Instead what appears is a polyphonic history. The genre is studied both synchronously and diachronically. One diachronic difference is the increased importance of author selection, illustrations and design. One synchronous difference is the prominence of national narratives in the various publications.
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| 40. |
- Funke, Michael, 1966-
(författare)
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Johan Victor Svenson
- 2017
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Ingår i: Svenskt biografiskt lexikon. - Stockholm : Riksarkivet. ; , s. 628-631
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Biografisk artikel om industrialisten och uppfinnaren John Victor Svenson
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Jørgensen, Dolly
(författare)
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Not by human hands : five technological tenets for environmental history in the Anthropocene
- 2014
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Ingår i: Environment and History. - : White Horse Press. - 0967-3407 .- 1752-7023. ; 20:4, s. 479-489
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Technologies in the hands of humans have turned humans into a force of nature. Environmental historians have increasingly recognised the value of history of technology to explain many environmental changes. Scholarship at the environment-technology junction, deploying ideas developed with the framework of Science and Technology Studies (STS), has revealed the usefulness of seeing the whole constellation of science, technology, and environment as simultaneously human-made. Based on recent work at the intersection of history of technology and environment, I propose five technological tenets about human interaction with nonhuman living beings that should be adopted as central elements of environmental history. The tenets demand that historians break down conceptual barriers between artefacts and animals: animals and plants are themselves technologies; technologies provide means of controlling other living beings; technologies mediate our knowledge of animals; technologies affect our valuation of other living creatures; and technology is part of the ecosystem.
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| 44. |
- von Arbin, Staffan, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Tracing Trade Routes: Examining the Cargo of the 15th-Century Skaftö Wreck
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1057-2414 .- 1095-9270. ; 51:1, s. 112-144
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Skaftö wreck of c.1440, situated north of Gothenburg, Sweden, was investigated between the years 2005 and 2009. Investigations revealed a variety of cargoes, such as copper and speiss ingots, barrels with lime and tar, bricks and roof tiles, and oak timber in the form of planks and boards. In order to identify the different cargo types found on the wreck, and, possibly, establish their geographical origin, a variety of analytical methods have been utilized. The present study accounts for the archaeological investigations of the cargo and for the analyses that have been conducted to date. Results are compared to and discussed in relation to other contemporaneous source material, both historical and archaeological. Based on this examination, it is concluded that the vessel was heading from the southeastern corner of the Baltic Sea, most likely Danzig (Gdańsk), aiming for the Western European market, possibly Bruges.
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| 45. |
- Cano-Viktorsson, Carlos, 1977-
(författare)
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From Maps to Apps : Tracing the Organizational Responsiveness of an Early Multi-Modal Travel Planning Service
- 2015
-
Ingår i: The Journal of urban technology. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 1063-0732 .- 1466-1853. ; 22:4, s. 87-101
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An Internet-based system for informing on multimodal travel planning (several modes of transportation) was introduced in Stockholm, Sweden in October 2000 in the form of a web page called trafiken.nu. The web page has a historical value of being one of the first attempts in Europe, and possibly the world, at providing an ICT-based travel planning service geared towards facilitating sustainable travel to the general public. The aim of this article is to investigate the historical development of trafiken.nu in order to draw lessons on how to better provide for a public information service with a potential for facilitating sustainable travel planning. Findings from the study of trafiken.nu suggest that the organizations behind the service have been slow in adapting to shifting media technology practices on how to provide for information which has affected the uptake of the service. Lessons from the case study provide a basis for arguing that organizations attempting to implement public information services would benefit from finding a means of harnessing collective intelligence in order to provide for a more customizable and responsive service to the general public.
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| 46. |
- Egan Sjölander, Annika, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
Motorspriten kommer! : en historia om etanol och andra alternativa drivmedel
- 2014
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Motorspriten kommer! löd budskapet i början av 1900-talet. Liknande utfästelser om alternativa drivmedel har gång på gång hörts genom historien. Men de oljebaserade bränslena har behållit sitt grepp om transportsystemet, trots att de alltid ansetts problematiska. Varför?Den här boken handlar om olika försök att utveckla och förverkliga alternativ till oljebaserade drivmedel i Sverige. Den spänner över ett drygt sekel, från slutet av 1800-talet och framåt, och behandlar bland annat sulfitsprit, syntetisk bensin, gengas, metanol och den första och andra generationens etanol. I fokus står motiven bakom dessa alternativ varför de har ansetts angelägna och önskvärda liksom de problem och strukturella hinder som de har mött och alltjämt fortsätter att möta. Boken ger historiska och medievetenskapliga perspektiv på de pågående försöken till en omställning på drivmedelsområdet och bidrar till kunskap av värde för såväl beslutsfattare som allmänhet.Boken bygger på forskning som utfördes inom det tvärvetenskapliga projektet Framtidens drivmedel? Biobränslen i historisk och kulturell belysning. Den är skriven av samtliga forskare i projektet Annika Egan Sjölander, Helena Ekerholm, Jenny Eklöf, Erland Mårald, Christer Nordlund och Bosse Sundin i samarbete med Henrik Lång.
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| 47. |
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Degraded and restituted towns in Poland: Origins, development, problems : Miasta zdegradowane i restytuowane w Polsce. Geneza, rozwój, problemy
- 2015
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One of the less known problems in settlement geography is the issue of so-called degraded and restituted towns. This lack of reconnaissance, however, is perhaps less the result of the towns’ scarcity than their specificity of being ‘awarded’ or ‘deprived of’ an urban label by means of strictly socio-political actions. Degraded and restituted towns, hence, are spatial units made ‘urban’ or ‘rural’ instantaneously, irrespective of their de facto state along what is widely considered a gradual path of (de)urbanization. Instead, they become compartmentalized into two constructed spatial categories that have survived the onslaught of material transformations and philosophical repositioning through different whims of time. While ‘rural’ and ‘urban’ are conceptual binaries that certainly need to be treated with caution, their cultural salience may cause tangible consequences within national administrative systems that abide by a formalized rural-urban distinction. This issue becomes particularly important for settlements that clearly transcend any imagined rural-urban divide, i.e. those, whose material and immaterial characteristics seem counterfactual to their assigned category. It is also crucial in formal practices designed to avert such counterfactualities, but whose ran-domness of approach more creates confusion than helps straighten out a historical concoction. Both processes, nonetheless, lend ‘urbanity’ and ‘rurality’ a resonance of objectivity, justifying their use as guides for a host of developmental endeavors, despite subverting a much more intricate reality. Degraded and restituted towns are direct derivatives of this. Drawing on the above-mentioned irreconcilabilities, the aim of this book is to present and scrutinize degraded and restituted towns through the example of Poland, where these towns occupy a special niche. For one, Poland, due to its chequered and variegated history, is home to a conspicuously large number of degraded (831) and restituted (236) towns; for another, Poland’s relentlessness of formalizing ‘urbanity’ as a category of statistical, political and cultural guidance has a direct bearing on the lives of the towns’ residents. Realizing the intricacy of degraded and restituted towns in the face of commonplace ru-ral-urban ideations, the editors and the 17 contributing Authors of this book have made an effort to capture the towns’ complexity with special foci on their shrouded origins, developmental specificity and incurred problems. Owing to the involvement of researchers from different scientific disciplines and subdisciplines, the undertaken project has helped elucidate the problem from multiple perspectives: spatial, social, demographic, economic, environmental, historical, architectural, cultural, legal and philosophical. Allocated into 17 chapters, not only have the presented interpretations allowed for a first interdisciplinary synthesis on the topic, but they also helped outline some prospective directions for future research. Moreover, collecting materials of such diversity into an amalgamated whole has helped identify specific discourses that enwrap the concept of “urbanity” when seen through its oscillations within formal contexts, and to which degraded and restituted towns serve as expendable game pieces. By combining knowledge arrived at through ontologically and epistemologically different approaches, the incremental contribution of this book as a whole could be summarized in two attainments: a) extending theoretical frameworks used to study degraded and restituted towns in terms of definition, conceptualization and assessing predispositions for future de-velopment on account of their spatial, legal, socio-economic and historical charac-teristics; b) initiating an anticipated discussion on a number of important and current topics re-lated to the practices of degradation and restitution that have not received adequate attention, e.g., the urbanity-vs.-rurality paradox, the changeability of human settlement forms vs. the consequences of rigid spatial categorizations; the role of various actors in shaping the socio-economic reality under the guise of an ossified binary; or identifying spatio-conceptual conflicts as future challenges for local, regional and national policy.
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| 48. |
- Avango, Dag, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Inledning
- 2012
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Ingår i: Bebyggelsehistorisk tidskrift. - 0349-2834. ; :63
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Lundin, Per, 1971-
(författare)
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Bilsamhället : Ideologi, expertis och regelskapande i efterkrigstidens Sverige
- 2008
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During the 1950s the number of cars in Sweden increased almost fivefold and the country attained the highest level of car ownership per capita in Europe. The rise and establishment of mass motoring was dramatically illustrated by the violent encounter between the car and the city. Despite the fact that congestion as well as road accidents were well-known, everyday occurrences, they reached previously unimagined heights through the growth of mass motoring. In this doctoral thesis Per Lundin focuses on the emergence of a group of planning experts as the key advocates of the idea of the “car society” as the solution to these problems. By fully adapting society to the car it would be possible to eliminate congestion and road accidents, thus affirming the continuing advance of the car. This ideal, which originated in the United States, became the goal and the dream of these experts.The general question addressed by Lundin is to what extent the actions and the ideologies of the experts interacted with the advent of mass motoring and the extensive urban building during the post-war period. In order to answer this question Lundin analyzes, firstly how the planning experts laid claim to the problems of congestion and road accidents, thereby restating them as exclusive planning problems, secondly how guidelines and standards for a car-conscious planning of cities and communities were developed based on the formulation of this problem and thirdly how, and to what extent, the guidelines and standards concerned were implemented in the town planning process.In the thesis Lundin argues that the dreams about a post-war Swedish society entirely adapted to the car by and large were realized. One important explanation of the fact that the physical adaptation of cities and societies to the car could proceed so quickly, on such a large scale and in similar forms all over the country, is found in the planning rules developed by the experts. The rules were the embodiment of the untroubled and unreflecting dreams nourished by the planning experts of the 1950s and the 1960s. Through the rules these ideological conceptions were reinforced and disseminated in a manner almost unable to stop. As the rules quickly were integrated with the planning instruments of administrative bodies locally, regionally and nationally, they set the tone for the extensive urban renewal of the following decades.
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