| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Nilsson, R. Henrik, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Mycobiome diversity: high-throughput sequencing and identification of fungi.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature reviews. Microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1740-1534 .- 1740-1526. ; 17, s. 95-109
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fungi are major ecological players in both terrestrial and aquatic environments by cycling organic matter and channelling nutrients across trophic levels. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) studies of fungal communities are redrawing the map of the fungal kingdom by hinting at its enormous - and largely uncharted - taxonomic and functional diversity. However, HTS approaches come with a range of pitfalls and potential biases, cautioning against unwary application and interpretation of HTS technologies and results. In this Review, we provide an overview and practical recommendations for aspects of HTS studies ranging from sampling and laboratory practices to data processing and analysis. We also discuss upcoming trends and techniques in the field and summarize recent and noteworthy results from HTS studies targeting fungal communities and guilds. Our Review highlights the need for reproducibility and public data availability in the study of fungal communities. If the associated challenges and conceptual barriers are overcome, HTS offers immense possibilities in mycology and elsewhere.
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| 3. |
- Liu, Yuanhua, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Considering the importance of user profiles in interface design
- 2009
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Ingår i: User Interfaces. ; , s. 23-
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- User profile is a popular term widely employed during product design processes by industrial companies. Such a profile is normally intended to represent real users of a product. The ultimate purpose of a user profile is actually to help designers to recognize or learn about the real user by presenting them with a description of a real user’s attributes, for instance; the user’s gender, age, educational level, attitude, technical needs and skill level. The aim of this chapter is to provide information on the current knowledge and research about user profile issues, as well as to emphasize the importance of considering these issues in interface design. In this chapter, we mainly focus on how users’ difference in expertise affects their performance or activity in various interaction contexts. Considering the complex interaction situations in practice, novice and expert users’ interactions with medical user interfaces of different technical complexity will be analyzed as examples: one focuses on novice and expert users’ difference when interacting with simple medical interfaces, and the other focuses on differences when interacting with complex medical interfaces. Four issues will be analyzed and discussed: (1) how novice and expert users differ in terms of performance during the interaction; (2) how novice and expert users differ in the perspective of cognitive mental models during the interaction; (3) how novice and expert users should be defined in practice; and (4) what are the main differences between novice and expert users’ implications for interface design. Besides describing the effect of users’ expertise difference during the interface design process, we will also pinpoint some potential problems for the research on interface design, as well as some future challenges that academic researchers and industrial engineers should face in practice.
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| 4. |
- Blanch, Krister, 1991
(författare)
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Beyond-application datasets and automated fair benchmarking
- 2023
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Beyond-application perception datasets are generalised datasets that emphasise the fundamental components of good machine perception data. When analysing the history of perception datatsets, notable trends suggest that design of the dataset typically aligns with an application goal. Instead of focusing on a specific application, beyond-application datasets instead look at capturing high-quality, high-volume data from a highly kinematic environment, for the purpose of aiding algorithm development and testing in general. Algorithm benchmarking is a cornerstone of autonomous systems development, and allows developers to demonstrate their results in a comparative manner. However, most benchmarking systems allow developers to use their own hardware or select favourable data. There is also little focus on run time performance and consistency, with benchmarking systems instead showcasing algorithm accuracy. By combining both beyond-application dataset generation and methods for fair benchmarking, there is also the dilemma of how to provide the dataset to developers for this benchmarking, as the result of a high-volume, high-quality dataset generation is a significant increase in dataset size when compared to traditional perception datasets. This thesis presents the first results of attempting the creation of such a dataset. The dataset was built using a maritime platform, selected due to the highly dynamic environment presented on water. The design and initial testing of this platform is detailed, as well as as methods of sensor validation. Continuing, the thesis then presents a method of fair benchmarking, by utilising remote containerisation in a way that allows developers to present their software to the dataset, instead of having to first locally store a copy. To test this dataset and automatic online benchmarking, a number of reference algorithms were required for initial results. Three algorithms were built, using the data from three different sensors captured on the maritime platform. Each algorithm calculates vessel odometry, and the automatic benchmarking system was utilised to show the accuracy and run-time performance of these algorithms. It was found that the containerised approach alleviated data management concerns, prevented inflated accuracy results, and demonstrated precisely how computationally intensive each algorithm was.
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| 5. |
- Chatterjee, Bapi, 1982
(författare)
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Lock-free Concurrent Search
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The contemporary computers typically consist of multiple computing cores with high compute power. Such computers make excellent concurrent asynchronous shared memory system. On the other hand, though many celebrated books on data structure and algorithm provide a comprehensive study of sequential search data structures, unfortunately, we do not have such a luxury if concurrency comes in the setting. The present dissertation aims to address this paucity. We describe novel lock-free algorithms for concurrent data structures that target a variety of search problems. (i) Point search (membership query, predecessor query, nearest neighbour query) for 1-dimensional data: Lock-free linked-list; lock-free internal and external binary search trees (BST). (ii) Range search for 1-dimensional data: A range search method for lock-free ordered set data structures - linked-list, skip-list and BST. (iii) Point search for multi-dimensional data: Lock-free kD-tree, specially, a generic method for nearest neighbour search. We prove that the presented algorithms are linearizable i.e. the concurrent data structure operations intuitively display their sequential behaviour to an observer of the concurrent system. The lock-freedom in the introduced algorithms guarantee overall progress in an asynchronous shared memory system. We present the amortized analysis of lock-free data structures to show their efficiency. Moreover, we provide sample implementations of the algorithms and test them over extensive micro-benchmarks. Our experiments demonstrate that the implementations are scalable and perform well when compared to related existing alternative implementations on common multi-core computers. Our focus is on propounding the generic methodologies for efficient lock-free concurrent search. In this direction, we present the notion of help-optimality, which captures the optimization of amortized step complexity of the operations. In addition to that, we explore the language-portable design of lock-free data structures that aims to simplify an implementation from programmer’s point of view. Finally, our techniques to implement lock-free linearizable range search and nearest neighbour search are independent of the underlying data structures and thus are adaptive to similar data structures.
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| 6. |
- Farooqui, Ashfaq, et al.
(författare)
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On Active Learning for Supervisor Synthesis
- 2024
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 1545-5955 .- 1558-3783. ; 21, s. 78-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Supervisory control theory provides an approach to synthesize supervisors for cyber-physical systems using a model of the uncontrolled plant and its specifications. These supervisors can help guarantee the correctness of the closed-loop controlled system. However, access to plant models is a bottleneck for many industries, as manually developing these models is an error-prone and time-consuming process. An approach to obtaining a supervisor in the absence of plant models would help industrial adoption of supervisory control techniques. This paper presents, an algorithm to learn a controllable supervisor in the absence of plant models. It does so by actively interacting with a simulation of the plant by means of queries. If the obtained supervisor is blocking, existing synthesis techniques are employed to prune the blocking supervisor and obtain the controllable and non-blocking supervisor. Additionally, this paper presents an approach to interface the with a PLC to learn supervisors in a virtual commissioning setting. This approach is demonstrated by learning a supervisor of the well-known example simulated in Xcelgo Experior and controlled using a PLC. interacts with the PLC and learns a controllable supervisor for the simulated system. Note to Practitioners—Ensuring the correctness of automated systems is crucial. Supervisory control theory proposes techniques to help build control solutions that have certain correctness guarantees. These techniques rely on a model of the system. However, such models are typically unavailable and hard to create. Active learning is a promising technique to learn models by interacting with the system to be learned. This paper aims to integrate active learning and supervisory control such that the manual step of creating models is no longer needed, thus, allowing the use of supervisory control techniques in the absence of models. The proposed approach is implemented in a tool and demonstrated using a case study.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- David, I., et al.
(författare)
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Blended modeling in commercial and open-source model-driven software engineering tools: A systematic study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Software and Systems Modeling. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1619-1366 .- 1619-1374. ; 22, s. 415-447
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blended modeling aims to improve the user experience of modeling activities by prioritizing the seamless interaction with models through multiple notations over the consistency of the models. Inconsistency tolerance, thus, becomes an important aspect in such settings. To understand the potential of current commercial and open-source modeling tools to support blended modeling, we have designed and carried out a systematic study. We identify challenges and opportunities in the tooling aspect of blended modeling. Specifically, we investigate the user-facing and implementation-related characteristics of existing modeling tools that already support multiple types of notations and map their support for other blended aspects, such as inconsistency tolerance, and elevated user experience. For the sake of completeness, we have conducted a multivocal study, encompassing an academic review, and grey literature review. We have reviewed nearly 5000 academic papers and nearly 1500 entries of grey literature. We have identified 133 candidate tools, and eventually selected 26 of them to represent the current spectrum of modeling tools.
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| 11. |
- Tuzun, Eray, et al.
(författare)
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Ground-Truth Deficiencies in Software Engineering : When Codifying the Past Can Be Counterproductive
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE Software. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 0740-7459 .- 1937-4194. ; 39:3, s. 85-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In software engineering, the objective function of human decision makers might be influenced by many factors. Relying on historical data as the ground truth may give rise to systems that automate software engineering decisions by mimicking past suboptimal behavior. We describe the problem and offer some strategies. ©IEEE.
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| 12. |
- Mallozzi, Piergiuseppe, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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A runtime monitoring framework to enforce invariants on reinforcement learning agents exploring complex environments
- 2019
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Ingår i: RoSE 2019, IEEE/ACM 2nd International Workshop on Robotics Software Engineering, p.5-12. - : IEEE. - 9781728122496
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019 IEEE. Without prior knowledge of the environment, a software agent can learn to achieve a goal using machine learning. Model-free Reinforcement Learning (RL) can be used to make the agent explore the environment and learn to achieve its goal by trial and error. Discovering effective policies to achieve the goal in a complex environment is a major challenge for RL. Furthermore, in safety-critical applications, such as robotics, an unsafe action may cause catastrophic consequences in the agent or in the environment. In this paper, we present an approach that uses runtime monitoring to prevent the reinforcement learning agent to perform 'wrong' actions and to exploit prior knowledge to smartly explore the environment. Each monitor is de?ned by a property that we want to enforce to the agent and a context. The monitors are orchestrated by a meta-monitor that activates and deactivates them dynamically according to the context in which the agent is learning. We have evaluated our approach by training the agent in randomly generated learning environments. Our results show that our approach blocks the agent from performing dangerous and safety-critical actions in all the generated environments. Besides, our approach helps the agent to achieve its goal faster by providing feedback and shaping its reward during learning.
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| 13. |
- Jolak, Rodi
(författare)
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Understanding Software Design for Creating Better Design Environments
- 2017
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Context: Software design is considered an essential activity to analyze software requirements in order to produce a description of the software's internal structure that will serve as the basis for its construction. Models are a means to describe complex systems at several levels of abstraction and from a diversity of perspectives. Surprisingly, most of the current software design environments are not based on understanding of real needs of software designers in practice. Objective: As a first step towards supporting realistic software design processes, this thesis focuses on understanding software design practices, as well as on proposing and assessing of a new generation of software design environments. Method: To achieve the objective of this research, design science and empirical methods are employed. In particular, a new generation software design environment, called OctoUML, is created. Furthermore, to understand whether there is a need to improve modeling tools, the modeling process is analyzed in order to reveal how much effort is given to designing (i.e. thinking about the design of software systems), and how much effort is given to drawing the model (i.e. tool interaction). Result: This thesis describes two areas of contributions: On the one hand, OctoUML is perceived a usable environment in terms of ease of use, efficiency and user satisfaction. Moreover, it seems that OctoUML supports the design process by bridging the gap between early-phase design process and later on documentation and formalization process. Further results show that OctoUML was not only enjoyed by the designers, but also enhanced the efficiency of the software design process. On the other hand, we proposed experiments to increase our understanding of the software design process. We elicit many issues that need to be considered in such experiments. Our initial findings suggest that the majority of the modeling effort is devoted on design thinking. However, the effort spent on using modeling tools should be reduced by investigating better modeling-tool support.
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| 14. |
- Rana, Rakesh, et al.
(författare)
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Selecting software reliability growth models and improving their predictive accuracy using historical projects data
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 98, s. 59-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During software development two important decisions organizations have to make are: how to allocate testing resources optimally and when the software is ready for release. SRGMs (software reliability growth models) provide empirical basis for evaluating and predicting reliability of software systems. When using SRGMs for the purpose of optimizing testing resource allocation, the model's ability to accurately predict the expected defect inflow profile is useful. For assessing release readiness, the asymptote accuracy is the most important attribute. Although more than hundred models for software reliability have been proposed and evaluated over time, there exists no clear guide on which models should be used for a given software development process or for a given industrial domain. Using defect inflow profiles from large software projects from Ericsson, Volvo Car Corporation and Saab, we evaluate commonly used SRGMs for their ability to provide empirical basis for making these decisions. We also demonstrate that using defect intensity growth rate from earlier projects increases the accuracy of the predictions. Our results show that Logistic and Gompertz models are the most accurate models; we further observe that classifying a given project based on its expected shape of defect inflow help to select the most appropriate model. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 15. |
- Lu, Zhihan, et al.
(författare)
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Multimodal Hand and Foot Gesture Interaction for Handheld Devices
- 2014
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Ingår i: ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP). - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 1551-6857 .- 1551-6865. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a hand-and-foot-based multimodal interaction approach for handheld devices. Our method combines input modalities (i.e., hand and foot) and provides a coordinated output to both modalities along with audio and video. Human foot gesture is detected and tracked using contour-based template detection (CTD) and Tracking-Learning-Detection (TLD) algorithm. 3D foot pose is estimated from passive homography matrix of the camera. 3D stereoscopic and vibrotactile are used to enhance the immersive feeling. We developed a multimodal football game based on the multimodal approach as a proof-of-concept. We confirm our systems user satisfaction through a user study.
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| 16. |
- Maro, Salome, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Managing Traceability Information Models: Not Such a Simple Task After All?
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE Software. - 0740-7459 .- 1937-4194. ; 38:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Practitioners are poorly supported by the scientific literature when managing traceability information models (TIMs), which capture the structure and semantics of trace links. In practice, companies manage their TIMs in very different ways, even in cases where companies share many similarities. We present our findings from an in-depth focus group about TIM management with three different systems engineering companies. We find that the concrete needs of the companies as well as challenges such as scale and workflow integration are not considered by existing scientific work. We thus issue a call-to-arms for the requirements engineering and software and systems traceability communities, the two main communities for traceability research, to refocus their work on these practical problems. IEEE
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| 17. |
- Steghöfer, Jan-Philipp, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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No silver brick : Opportunities and limitations of teaching Scrum with Lego workshops
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 131, s. 230-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Education in Software Engineering has to both teach technical content such as databases and programming but also organisational skills such as team work and project management. While the former can be evaluated from a product perspective, the latter are usually embedded in a Software Engineering process and need to be assessed and adapted throughout their implementation. The in-action property of processes puts a strain on teachers since we cannot be present throughout the students’ work. To address this challenge we have adopted workshops to teach Scrum by building a Lego city in short sprints to focus on the methodological content. In this way we can be present throughout the process and coach the students. We have applied the exercise in six different courses, across five different educational programmes and observed more than 450 participating students. In this paper, we report on our experiences with this approach, based on quantitative data from the students and qualitative data from both students and teachers. We give recommendations for learning opportunities and best practices and discuss the limitations of these workshops in a classroom setting. We also report on how the students transferred their methodological knowledge to software development projects in an academic setting.
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| 18. |
- Mahmood, Wardah, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of variability in models: a family of experiments
- 2022
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Ingår i: Empirical Software Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1382-3256 .- 1573-7616. ; 27:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ever-growing need for customization creates a need to maintain software systems in many different variants. To avoid having to maintain different copies of the same model, developers of modeling languages and tools have recently started to provide implementation techniques for such variant-rich systems, notably variability mechanisms, which support implementing the differences between model variants. Available mechanisms either follow the annotative or the compositional paradigm, each of which have dedicated benefits and drawbacks. Currently, language and tool designers select the used variability mechanism often solely based on intuition. A better empirical understanding of the comprehension of variability mechanisms would help them in improving support for effective modeling. In this article, we present an empirical assessment of annotative and compositional variability mechanisms for three popular types of models. We report and discuss findings from a family of three experiments with 164 participants in total, in which we studied the impact of different variability mechanisms during model comprehension tasks. We experimented with three model types commonly found in modeling languages: class diagrams, state machine diagrams, and activity diagrams. We find that, in two out of three experiments, annotative technique lead to better developer performance. Use of the compositional mechanism correlated with impaired performance. For all three considered tasks, the annotative mechanism was preferred over the compositional one in all experiments. We present actionable recommendations concerning support of flexible, tasks-specific solutions, and the transfer of established best practices from the code domain to models.
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| 19. |
- Nguyen, Björnborg, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic benchmarking for reproducibility of computer vision algorithms for real-time systems: The example of optic flow estimation
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. - : IEEE. - 2153-0858 .- 2153-0866. ; , s. 5264-5269
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Until now there have been few formalized methods for conducting systematic benchmarking aiming at reproducible results when it comes to computer vision algorithms. This is evident from lists of algorithms submitted to prominent datasets, authors of a novel method in many cases primarily state the performance of their algorithms in relation to a shallow description of the hardware system where it was evaluated. There are significant problems linked to this non-systematic approach of reporting performance, especially when comparing different approaches and when it comes to the reproducibility of claimed results. Furthermore how to conduct retrospective performance analysis such as an algorithm's suitability for embedded real-time systems over time with underlying hardware and software changes in place. This paper proposes and demonstrates a systematic way of addressing such challenges by adopting containerization of software aiming at formalization and reproducibility of benchmarks. Our results show maintainers of broadly accepted datasets in the computer vision community to strive for systematic comparison and reproducibility of submissions to increase the value and adoption of computer vision algorithms in the future.
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| 20. |
- Kaiser, M., et al.
(författare)
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VEDLIoT: Very Efficient Deep Learning in IoT
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2022 Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition, DATE 2022. - : IEEE. - 9783981926361
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The VEDLIoT project targets the development of energy-efficient Deep Learning for distributed AIoT applications. A holistic approach is used to optimize algorithms while also dealing with safety and security challenges. The approach is based on a modular and scalable cognitive IoT hardware platform. Using modular microserver technology enables the user to configure the hardware to satisfy a wide range of applications. VEDLIoT offers a complete design flow for Next-Generation IoT devices required for collaboratively solving complex Deep Learning applications across distributed systems. The methods are tested on various use-cases ranging from Smart Home to Automotive and Industrial IoT appliances. VEDLIoT is an H2020 EU project which started in November 2020. It is currently in an intermediate stage with the first results available.
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| 21. |
- Cicchetti, Antonio, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Software Assets Origin Selection Supported by a Knowledge Repository
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2016 1st International Workshop on Decision Making in Software ARCHitecture, MARCH 2016. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781509025732 ; , s. 22-29
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Software architecture is no more a mere system specification as resulting from the design phase, but it includes the process by which its specification was carried out. In this respect, design decisions in component-based software engineering play an important role: They are used to enhance the quality of the system, keep the current market level, keep partnership relationships, reduce costs, and so forth. For non trivial systems, a recurring situation is the selection of an asset origin, that is if going for in-house, outsourcing, open-source, or COTS, when in the need of a certain missing functionality. Usually, the decision making process follows a case-by-case approach, in which historical information is largely neglected: hence, it is avoided the overhead of keeping detailed documentation about past decisions, but it is hampered consistency among multiple, possibly related, decisions.The ORION project aims at developing a decision support framework in which historical decision information plays a pivotal role: it is used to analyse current decision scenarios, take well-founded decisions, and store the collected data for future exploitation. In this paper, we outline the potentials of such a knowledge repository, including the information it is intended to be stored in it, and when and how to retrieve it within a decision case.
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| 22. |
- Stuckman, J., et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Dimensionality Reduction on Software Vulnerability Prediction Models
- 2017
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Reliability. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1558-1721 .- 0018-9529. ; 66:1, s. 17-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Statistical prediction models can be an effective technique to identify vulnerable components in large software projects. Two aspects of vulnerability prediction models have a profound impact on their performance: 1) the features (i.e., the characteristics of the software) that are used as predictors and 2) the way those features are used in the setup of the statistical learning machinery. In a previous work, we compared models based on two different types of features: software metrics and term frequencies (text mining features). In this paper, we broaden the set of models we compare by investigating an array of techniques for the manipulation of said features. These techniques fall under the umbrella of dimensionality reduction and have the potential to improve the ability of a prediction model to localize vulnerabilities. We explore the role of dimensionality reduction through a series of cross-validation and cross-project prediction experiments. Our results show that in the case of software metrics, a dimensionality reduction technique based on confirmatory factor analysis provided an advantage when performing cross-project prediction, yielding the best F-measure for the predictions in five out of six cases. In the case of text mining, feature selection can make the prediction computationally faster, but no dimensionality reduction technique provided any other notable advantage.
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| 23. |
- Benderius, Ola, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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The Best Rated Human-Machine Interface Design for Autonomous Vehicles in the 2016 Grand Cooperative Driving Challenge
- 2018
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems (Print). - 1524-9050 .- 1558-0016. ; 19:4, s. 1302-1307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper provides an in-depth description of the best rated human-machine interface that was presented during the 2016 Grand Cooperative Driving Challenge. It was demonstrated by the Chalmers Truck Team as the envisioned interface to their open source software framework OpenDLV, which is used to power Chalmers' fleet of self-driving vehicles. The design originates from the postulate that the vehicle is fully autonomous to handle even complex traffic scenarios. Thus, by including external and internal interfaces, and introducing a show, don't tell principle, it aims at fulfilling the needs of the vehicle occupants as well as other participants in the traffic environment. The design also attempts to comply with, and slightly extend, the current traffic rules and legislation for the purpose of being realistic for full-scale implementation.
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| 24. |
- Bergström, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the layout quality of UML class diagrams using machine learning
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 0164-1212. ; 192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- UML is the de facto standard notation for graphically representing software. UML diagrams are used in the analysis, construction, and maintenance of software systems. Mostly, UML diagrams capture an abstract view of a (piece of a) software system. A key purpose of UML diagrams is to share knowledge about the system among developers. The quality of the layout of UML diagrams plays a crucial role in their comprehension. In this paper, we present an automated method for evaluating the layout quality of UML class diagrams. We use machine learning based on features extracted from the class diagram images using image processing. Such an automated evaluator has several uses: (1) From an industrial perspective, this tool could be used for automated quality assurance for class diagrams (e.g., as part of a quality monitor integrated into a DevOps toolchain). For example, automated feedback can be generated once a UML diagram is checked in the project repository. (2) In an educational setting, the evaluator can grade the layout aspect of student assignments in courses on software modeling, analysis, and design. (3) In the field of algorithm design for graph layouts, our evaluator can assess the layouts generated by such algorithms. In this way, this evaluator opens up the road for using machine learning to learn good layouting algorithms. Approach.: We use machine learning techniques to build (linear) regression models based on features extracted from the class diagram images using image processing. As ground truth, we use a dataset of 600+ UML Class Diagrams for which experts manually label the quality of the layout. Contributions.: This paper makes the following contributions: (1) We show the feasibility of the automatic evaluation of the layout quality of UML class diagrams. (2) We analyze which features of UML class diagrams are most strongly related to the quality of their layout. (3) We evaluate the performance of our layout evaluator. (4) We offer a dataset of labeled UML class diagrams. In this dataset, we supply for every diagram the following information: (a) a manually established ground truth of the quality of the layout, (b) an automatically established value for the layout-quality of the diagram (produced by our classifier), and (c) the values of key features of the layout of the diagram (obtained by image processing). This dataset can be used for replication of our study and others to build on and improve on this work. Editor's note: Open Science material was validated by the Journal of Systems and Software Open Science Board.
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| 25. |
- Chen, Dongliang, et al.
(författare)
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The Scanner of Heterogeneous Traffic Flow in Smart Cities by an Updating Model of Connected and Automated Vehicles
- 2022
-
Ingår i: IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems (Print). - : IEEE. - 1524-9050 .- 1558-0016. ; 23:12, s. 25361-25370
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The problems of traditional traffic flow detection and calculation methods include limited traffic scenes, high system costs, and lower efficiency over detecting and calculating. Therefore, in this paper, we presented the updating Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) model as the scanner of heterogeneous traffic flow, which uses various sensors to detect the characteristics of traffic flow in several traffic scenes on the roads. The model contains the hardware platform, software algorithm of CAV, and the analysis of traffic flow detection and simulation by Flow Project, where the driving of vehicles is mainly controlled by Reinforcement Learning (RL). Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model and the corresponding swarm intelligence strategy is evaluated through simulation experiments. The results showed that the traffic flow scanning, tracking, and data recording performed continuously by CAVs are effective. The increase in the penetration rate of CAVs in the overall traffic flow has a significant effect on vehicle detection and identification. In addition, the vehicle occlusion rate is independent of the CAV lane position in all cases. The complete street scanner is a new technology that realizes the perception of the human settlement environment with the help of the Internet of Vehicles based on 5G communications and sensors. Although there are some shortcomings in the experiment, it still provides an experimental reference for the development of smart vehicles.
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| 26. |
- Feldt, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Generic Skills in Software Engineering Master Thesis Projects : Towards Rubric-Based Evaluation
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 22nd Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training, CSEET 2009. - Hyderabad : IEEE Computer Society. - 9780769535395 ; , s. 12-15
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There has been much recent interest in how to help students in higher education develop their generic skills, especially since this is a focus of the Bologna process that aims to standardize European higher education. However, even though the Master thesis is the final and often crucial part of a graduate degree and requires many generic skills very little research has directly focused on them. In particular, there is a lack of such knowledge for engineering education programs. In this paper we present results from a survey where we asked 23 students from three different Swedish universities about which generic skills are needed and developed in a Master thesis project in Software Engineering. One outcome of our analysis is that there is a lack of understanding on how to define, and thus examine, generic skills in software engineering thesis projects.
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| 27. |
- Kucher, Kostiantyn, et al.
(författare)
-
Visual Analysis of Sentiment and Stance in Social Media Texts
- 2018
-
Ingår i: EuroVis 2018 - Posters. - : Eurographics - European Association for Computer Graphics. - 9783038680659 ; , s. 49-51
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the growing interest for visualization of sentiments and emotions in textual data, the task of detecting and visualizing various stances is not addressed well by the existing approaches. The challenges associated with this task include development of the underlying computational methods and visualization of the corresponding multi-label stance classification results. In this poster abstract, we describe the ongoing work on a visual analytics platform called StanceVis Prime, which is designed for analysis of sentiment and stance in temporal text data from various social media data sources. Our approach consumes documents from several text stream sources, applies sentiment and stance classification, and provides end users with both an overview of the resulting data series and a detailed view for close reading and examination of the classifiers’ output. The intended use case scenarios for StanceVis Prime include social media monitoring and research in sociolinguistics.
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| 28. |
- Abbas, Nadeem, 1980-
(författare)
-
Designing Self-Adaptive Software Systems with Reuse
- 2018
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Modern software systems are increasingly more connected, pervasive, and dynamic, as such, they are subject to more runtime variations than legacy systems. Runtime variations affect system properties, such as performance and availability. The variations are difficult to anticipate and thus mitigate in the system design.Self-adaptive software systems were proposed as a solution to monitor and adapt systems in response to runtime variations. Research has established a vast body of knowledge on engineering self-adaptive systems. However, there is a lack of systematic process support that leverages such engineering knowledge and provides for systematic reuse for self-adaptive systems development. This thesis proposes the Autonomic Software Product Lines (ASPL), which is a strategy for developing self-adaptive software systems with systematic reuse. The strategy exploits the separation of a managed and a managing subsystem and describes three steps that transform and integrate a domain-independent managing system platform into a domain-specific software product line for self-adaptive software systems.Applying the ASPL strategy is however not straightforward as it involves challenges related to variability and uncertainty. We analyzed variability and uncertainty to understand their causes and effects. Based on the results, we developed the Autonomic Software Product Lines engineering (ASPLe) methodology, which provides process support for the ASPL strategy. The ASPLe has three processes, 1) ASPL Domain Engineering, 2) Specialization and 3) Integration. Each process maps to one of the steps in the ASPL strategy and defines roles, work-products, activities, and workflows for requirements, design, implementation, and testing. The focus of this thesis is on requirements and design.We validate the ASPLe through demonstration and evaluation. We developed three demonstrator product lines using the ASPLe. We also conducted an extensive case study to evaluate key design activities in the ASPLe with experiments, questionnaires, and interviews. The results show a statistically significant increase in quality and reuse levels for self-adaptive software systems designed using the ASPLe compared to current engineering practices.
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| 29. |
- Bengtsson, Lars, 1963, et al.
(författare)
-
LowLevel C programming for Designers
- 2015
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book is concerned with C programming from an embedded systems engieer's point of view. That inlcudes writing device drivers for hardware with limited resources in terms of available instruction and data memory. A 32-bit soft CPU is implemented on an FPGA and theory is illustrated by detailed examples and cases.
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| 30. |
- Bengtsson, Lars, 1963
(författare)
-
Mikrodatorteknik
- 1995
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Första delen behandlar Microchips "Base-line"-kretsar och andra delen behandlar "Midrange"-kretsarna. De flesta funktioner belyses med konstruktionsexempel. Exempel och övningar är mycket hårdvarunära och boken behandlar konstruktion av mikrodatorer från grunden. Boken är avsedd för kurser i mikrodatorteknik på högskolan eller annan högre teknisk utbildning, men kan även användas som självstudiematerial eftersom de flesta exempel ges med detaljerade och verifierade lösningar av såväl hård- som mjukvaran. Tidigare erfarenhet av assemblerprogrammering är inte nödvändig men grundläggande kunskaper i digitalteknik förutsätts. Boken kan med fördel också läsas av rutinerade assemblerprogrammerare som vill veta hur prestanda hos de nya RISC-baserade PIC-controllerna står sig i konkurrensen med de mer etablerade enchipscontrollerna, t ex HC11 och 8751, som bygger på traditionell CISC-arkitektur.
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| 31. |
- Pelliccione, Patrizio, 1975, et al.
(författare)
-
Beyond connected cars: A systems of systems perspective
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Science of Computer Programming. - Amsterdam : Elsevier BV. - 0167-6423 .- 1872-7964. ; 191
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The automotive domain is rapidly changing in the last years. Among the different challenges OEMs (i.e. the vehicle manufacturers) are facing, vehicles are evolving into systems of systems. In fact, over the last years vehicles have evolved from disconnected and “blind” systems to systems that are (i) able to sense the surrounding environment and (ii) connected with other vehicles, the city, pedestrians, cyclists, etc. Future transportation systems can be seen as a System of Systems (SoS). In an SoS, constituent systems, i.e. the units that compose an SoS, can act as standalone systems, but their cooperation enables new emerging and promising scenarios. While this trend creates new opportunities, it also poses a risk to compromise key qualities such as safety, security, and privacy. In this paper we focus on the automotive domain and we investigate how to engineer and architect cars in order to build them as constituents of future transportation systems. Our contribution is an architectural viewpoint for System of Systems, which we demonstrate based on an automotive example. Moreover, we contribute a functional reference architecture for cars as constituents of an SoS. This reference architecture can be considered as an imprinting for the implementations that would be devised in specific projects and contexts. We also point out the necessity for a collaboration among different OEMs and with other relevant stakeholders, such as road authorities and smart cities, to properly engineer systems of systems composed of cars, trucks, roads, pedestrians, etc. This work is realized in the context of two Swedish projects coordinated by Volvo Cars and involving some universities and research centers in Sweden and many suppliers of the OEM, including Autoliv, Arccore, Combitech, Cybercom, Knowit, Prevas, ÅF-Technology, Semcom, and Qamcom.
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| 32. |
- Tuma, Katja, 1991, et al.
(författare)
-
Flaws in Flows : Unveiling Design Flaws via Information Flow Analysis
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Proceedings - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture, ICSA 2019. - : IEEE. - 9781728105284 ; , s. 191-200
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a practical and formal approach to analyze security-centric information flow policies at the level of the design model. Specifically, we focus on data confidentiality and data integrity objectives. In its guiding principles, the approach is meant to be amenable for designers (e.g., software architects) that have very limited or no background in formal models, logics, and the like. To this aim, we provide an intuitive graphical notation, which is based on the familiar Data Flow Diagrams, and which requires as little effort as possible in terms of extra security-centric information the designer has to provide. The result of the analysis algorithm is the early discovery of design flaws in the form of violations of the intended security properties. The approach is implemented as a publicly available plugin for Eclipse and evaluated with four real-world case studies from publicly available literature.
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| 33. |
- Bainomugisha, Engineer, et al.
(författare)
-
Message from Chairs of SEiA 2018
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 0270-5257. ; 2018, s. x-xi
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 34. |
- Papatheocharous, Efi, et al.
(författare)
-
The GRADE decision canvas for classification and reflection on architecture decisions
- 2017
-
Ingår i: ENASE 2017 - Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Evaluation of Novel Approaches to Software Engineering. - : SciTePress. - 9789897582509 ; , s. 187-194
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper introduces a decision canvas for capturing architecture decisions in software and systems engineering. The canvas leverages a dedicated taxonomy, denoted GRADE, meant for establishing the basics of the vocabulary for assessing and choosing architectural assets in the development of software-intensive systems. The canvas serves as a template for practitioners to discuss and document architecture decisions, i.e., capture, understand and communicate decisions among decision-makers and to others. It also serves as a way to reflect on past decision-making activities devoted to both tentative and concluding decisions in the development of software-intensive systems. The canvas has been assessed by means of preliminary internal and external evaluations with four scenarios. The results are promising as the canvas fulfills its intended objectives while satisfying most of the needs of the subjects participating in the evaluation. © 2017 by SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All Rights Reserved.
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| 35. |
- Chatterjee, Bapi, 1982
(författare)
-
Efficient Implementation of Concurrent Data Structures on Multi-core and Many-core Architectures
- 2015
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Synchronization of concurrent threads is the central problem in order to design efficient concurrent data-structures. The compute systems widely available in market are increasingly becoming heterogeneous involving multi-core Central Processing Units (CPUs) and many-core Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). This thesis contributes to the research of efficient synchronization in concurrent data-structures in more than one way. It is divided into two parts. In the first part, a novel design of a Set Abstract Data Type (ADT) based on an efficient lock-free Binary Search Tree (BST) with improved amortized bounds of the time complexity of set operations - Add, Remove and Contains, is presented. In the second part, a comprehensive evaluation of concurrent Queue implementations on multi-core CPUs as well as many-core GPUs are presented. Efficient Lock-free BST -To the best of our knowledge, the lock-free BST presented in this thesis is the first to achieve an amortized complexity of O(H(n)+c) for all Set operations where H(n) is the height of a BST on n nodes and c is the contention measure. Also, the presented lock-free algorithm of BST comes with an improved disjoint-access-parallelism compared to the previously existing concurrent BST algorithms. This algorithm uses single-word compare-and-swap (CAS) primitives. The presented algorithm is linearizable. We implemented the algorithm in Java and it shows good scalability. Evaluation of concurrent data-structures - We have evaluated the performance of a number of concurrent FIFO Queue algorithms on multi-core CPUs and many-core GPUs. We studied the portability of existing design of concurrent Queues from CPUs to GPUs which are inherently designed for SIMD programs. We observed that in general concurrent queues offer them to efficient implementation on GPUs with faster cache memory and better performance support for atomic synchronization primitives such as CAS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to evaluate a concurrent data-structure on GPUs.
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| 36. |
- Säwén, Toivo, 1993
(författare)
-
Early Stage Architectural Design Practice Perspectives on Life Cycle Building Performance Assessment
- 2023
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Architectural practitioners can avoid negative social and environmental impacts of new construction by making decisions supported by impact quantification during design processes. However, most software tools developed for such quantification see little use in practice, especially in early design stages when decisions have the greatest influence. To identify ways for software developers to overcome this situation, a thorough literature meta-review of previously performed tool reviews was combined with interviews applying a practice lens. The first key finding is that a possible explanation for the low tool uptake in practice could be a missing practice perspective in previous tool development efforts. In a literature meta-review of publications on life cycle building performance tools identifying previously applied perspectives, most previous tool reviews were found to support tool development and selection, while disregarding how tools can be integrated in existing practices and design processes. As a proposed solution, a framework for defining software requirements using a practice perspective was developed. The second key finding is that a practice perspective could be applied during software development by implementing qualitative methodologies. Nine architectural practitioners in Sweden, Norway and France were interviewed using the interview to the double, a projective technique in which the interviewee is asked to describe their next workday in detail so that their tasks can be assumed by an imagined body double. The design activities described by the respondents were sequenced into user narratives which could serve as starting points for participatory software development processes within the architectural practice. The outcomes - a proposed framework for practice-centric software requirements, and a proposed methodology for collecting these requirements using a practice lens - indicate a research direction toward software development efforts which aligns with design process, architectural practice, and tool user needs. In the next stage of the research this direction will be pursued through application of the developed methodologies in participatory development case studies in early-stage architectural design practice.
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| 37. |
- Bozhinoski, Darko, et al.
(författare)
-
Safety for mobile robotic systems: A systematic mapping study from a software engineering perspective
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 0164-1212. ; 151:1, s. 150-179
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Robotic research is making huge progress. However, existing solutions are facing a number of challenges preventing them from being used in our everyday tasks: (i) robots operate in unknown environments, (ii) robots collaborate with each other and even with humans, and (iii) robots shall never injure people or create damages. Researchers are targeting those challenges from various perspectives, producing a fragmented research landscape. We aim at providing a comprehensive and replicable picture of the state of the art from a software engineering perspective on existing solutions aiming at managing safety for mobile robotic systems. We apply the systematic mapping methodology on an initial set of 1274 potentially relevant research papers, we selected 58 primary studies and analyzed them according to a systematically-defined classification framework. This work contributes with (i) a classification framework for methods or techniques for managing safety when dealing with the software of mobile robotic systems (MSRs), (ii) a map of current software methods or techniques for software safety for MRSs, (iii) an elaboration on emerging challenges and implications for future research, and (iv) a replication package for independent replication and verification of this study. Our results confirm that generally existing solutions are not yet ready to be used in everyday life. There is the need of turn-key solutions ready to deal with all the challenges mentioned above.
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| 38. |
- Adawi, Tom, 1970, et al.
(författare)
-
Characterizing Software Engineering Students' Discussions during Peer Instruction : Opportunities for Learning and Implications for Teaching
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Engineering Education. - 0949-149X. ; 32:2, s. 927-936
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peer instruction is a method for activating students during lectures, which has gained a considerable amount of attention in higher education due to claims of dramatic improvement in learning gains. The purpose of this qualitative research study is to investigate what types of discussions engineering students engage in during a peer instruction session and what learning possibilities that are enabled by these different types of discussions. We observed twelve students during six separate and simulated peer instruction sessions and the students were interviewed individually after the sessions.Ananalysis of the data revealed that the students engaged in three qualitatively different types of discussions: affirmative discussions, motivating discussions, and argumentative discussions. We characterize these different types of discussions in terms of the number of alternative answers the students discuss, the extent to which they draw on prior knowledge and experiences, as well as the fundamental difference between an explanation and an argument. A good opportunity for learning is opened up when students are aspiring to find the truth, not simply being satisfied with what they believe to be true. We conclude that students do not always engage in discussions that support their learning in the best way, and we discuss implications for using peer instruction as a teaching method.
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| 39. |
- Wohlin, Claes, et al.
(författare)
-
Supporting strategic decision-making for selection of software assets
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol. 240. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319405148 - 9783319405155 ; , s. 1-15
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Companies developing software are constantly striving to gain or keep their competitive advantage on the market. To do so, they should balance what to develop themselves and what to get from elsewhere, which may be software components or software services. These strategic decisions need to be aligned with business objectives and the capabilities and constraints of possible options. These sourcing options include: in-house, COTS, open source and outsourcing. The objective of this paper is to present an approach to support decision-makers in selecting appropriate types of origins in a specific case that maximizes the benefits of the selected business strategy. The approach consists of three descriptive models, as well as a decision process and a knowledge repository. The three models are a decision model that comprises three cornerstones (stakeholders, origins and criteria) and is based on a taxonomy for formulating decision models in this context, and two supporting models (property models and context models).
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| 40. |
- Casado, Lander, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
ContikiSec: A Secure Network Layer for Wireless Sensor Networks under the Contiki Operating System
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 14th Nordic Conference on Secure IT Systems (NordSec 2009), Lecture Notes in Computer Science. - 1611-3349. - 9783642047657 ; 5838, s. 133 - 147
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we introduce ContikiSec, a secure network layer forwireless sensor networks, designed for the Contiki Operating System. ContikiSechas a configurable design, providing three security modes starting fromconfidentiality and integrity, and expanding to confidentiality, authentication,and integrity. ContikiSec has been designed to balance low energy consumptionand security while conforming to a small memory footprint. Our design wasbased on performance evaluation of existing security primitives and is part ofthe contribution of this paper. Our evaluation was performed in the ModularSensor Board hardware platform for wireless sensor networks, running Contiki.Contiki is an open source, highly portable operating system for wireless sensornetworks (WSN) that is widely used in WSNs.
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| 41. |
- Heintz, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Computing at School in Sweden - Experiences from Introducing Computer Science within Existing Subjects
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Informatics in Schools. Curricula, Competences, and Competitions /Lecture Notes in Computer Science and General Issues. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1611-3349 .- 0302-9743. - 9783319253954 - 9783319253961 ; 9378, s. 118-130
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Computing is no longer considered a subject area only relevant for a narrow group of professionals, but rather as a vital part of general education that should be available to all children and youth. Since making changes to national curricula takes time, people are trying to find other ways of introducing children and youth to computing. In Sweden, several current initiatives by researchers and teachers aim at finding ways of working with computing within the current curriculum. In this paper we present case studies based on a selection of these initiatives from four major regions in Sweden and based on these case studies we present our ideas for how to move forward on introducing computational thinking on a larger scale in Swedish education.
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| 42. |
- Falkman, Göran, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
SOMWeb - Towards an Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing in Oral Medicine
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Connecting Medical Informatics and Bio-Informatics: Proceedings of MIE2005 - The XIXth International Congress of the European Federation for Medical Informatics. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 1586035495 ; 116, s. 527-32, s. 527-532
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a net-based society, clinicians can come together for cooperative work and distance learning around a common medical material. This requires suitable techniques for cooperative knowledge management and user interfaces that are adapted to both the group as a whole and to individuals. To support distributed management and sharing of clinical knowledge, we propose the development of an intelligent web community for clinicians within oral medicine. This virtual meeting place will support the ongoing work on developing a digital knowledge base, providing a foundation for a more evidence-based oral medicine. The presented system is founded on the use and development of web services and standards for knowledge modelling and knowledge-based systems. The work is conducted within the frame of a well-established cooperation between oral medicine and computer science.
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| 43. |
- Papadopoulos, Alessandro, Professor, et al.
(författare)
-
Methodological Principles for Reproducible Performance Evaluation in Cloud Computing
- 2021
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 0098-5589 .- 1939-3520. ; 47:8, s. 1528-1543
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rapid adoption and the diversification of cloud computing technology exacerbate the importance of a sound experimental methodology for this domain. This work investigates how to measure and report performance in the cloud, and how well the cloud research community is already doing it. We propose a set of eight important methodological principles that combine best-practices from nearby fields with concepts applicable only to clouds, and with new ideas about the time-accuracy trade-off. We show how these principles are applicable using a practical use-case experiment. To this end, we analyze the ability of the newly released SPEC Cloud IaaS benchmark to follow the principles, and showcase real-world experimental studies in common cloud environments that meet the principles. Last, we report on a systematic literature review including top conferences and journals in the field, from 2012 to 2017, analyzing if the practice of reporting cloud performance measurements follows the proposed eight principles. Worryingly, this systematic survey and the subsequent two-round human reviews, reveal that few of the published studies follow the eight experimental principles. We conclude that, although these important principles are simple and basic, the cloud community is yet to adopt them broadly to deliver sound measurement of cloud environments.
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| 44. |
- T., Vale, et al.
(författare)
-
Twenty-eight years of component-based software engineering
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 111, s. 128-148
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The idea of developing software components was envisioned more than forty years ago. In the past two decades, Component-Based Software Engineering (CBSE) has emerged as a distinguishable approach in software engineering, and it has attracted the attention of many researchers, which has led to many results being published in the research literature. There is a huge amount of knowledge encapsulated in conferences and journals targeting this area, but a systematic analysis of that knowledge is missing. For this reason, we aim to investigate the state-of-the-art of the CBSE area through a detailed literature review. To do this, 1231 studies dating from 1984 to 2012 were analyzed. Using the available evidence, this paper addresses five dimensions of CBSE: main objectives, research topics, application domains, research intensity and applied research methods. The main objectives found were to increase productivity, save costs and improve quality. The most addressed application domains are homogeneously divided between commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS), distributed and embedded systems. Intensity of research showed a considerable increase in the last fourteen years. In addition to the analysis, this paper also synthesizes the available evidence, identifies open issues and points out areas that call for further research.
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| 45. |
- Klotins, Eriks, et al.
(författare)
-
A progression model of software engineering goals, challenges, and practices in start-ups
- 2021
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. - : IEEE. - 0098-5589 .- 1939-3520. ; 47:3, s. 498-521
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Software start-ups are emerging as suppliers of innovation and software-intensive products. However, traditional software engineering practices are not evaluated in the context, nor adopted to goals and challenges of start-ups. As a result, there is insufficient support for software engineering in the start-up context.Objective: We aim to collect data related to engineering goals, challenges, and practices in start-up companies to ascertain trends and patterns characterizing engineering work in start-ups. Such data allows researchers to understand better how goals and challenges are related to practices. This understanding can then inform future studies aimed at designing solutions addressing those goals and challenges. Besides, these trends and patterns can be useful for practitioners to make more informed decisions in their engineering practice.Method: We use a case survey method to gather first-hand, in-depth experiences from a large sample of software start-ups. We use open coding and cross-case analysis to describe and identify patterns, and corroborate the findings with statistical analysis.Results: We analyze 84 start-up cases and identify 16 goals, 9 challenges, and 16 engineering practices that are common among startups. We have mapped these goals, challenges, and practices to start-up life-cycle stages (inception, stabilization, growth, and maturity). Thus, creating the progression model guiding software engineering efforts in start-ups.Conclusions: We conclude that start-ups to a large extent face the same challenges and use the same practices as established companies. However, the primary software engineering challenge in start-ups is to evolve multiple process areas at once, with a little margin for serious errors.
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| 46. |
- Sica de Andrade, Hugo, 1989, et al.
(författare)
-
Software Deployment on Heterogeneous Platforms: A Systematic Mapping Study
- 2021
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. - 0098-5589 .- 1939-3520. ; 47:8, s. 1683-1707
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Multiple types of processing units (e.g., CPUs, GPUs and FPGAs) can be used jointly to achieve better performance in computational systems. However, these units are built with fundamentally different characteristics and demand attention especially towards software deployment. Objective: The goal of this work is to summarize the state-of-the-art of software deployment on heterogeneous platforms. We provide an overview of the research area by searching for and categorizing relevant studies, as well as discussing gaps and trends of the field. We are interested in the main concerns (RQ1) and the approaches used (RQ2) when deploying software on heterogeneous platforms. Method: In order to achieve our goal, we performed a systematic mapping study, which refers to a method for reviewing literature with basis on predefined search strategies and a multi-step selection process. Results: We selected and analyzed 146 primary studies from multiple sources and found that the area of research is dominated by solution proposals. The majority of the studies discuss concerns about scheduling, the quality of the software, and its architecture. A large number of studies focuses on the problem of scheduling tasks and processes. We found approaches that are applied at different binding times (i.e., design time, runtime, orthogonal). Conclusion: The evaluation of the proposed solutions in an industrial context is missing. Also, the proposed methods have not been evaluated in development processes. Most of the methods address a particular concern, or a few concerns, while there is a lack of a holistic approach.
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| 47. |
- Wohlrab, Rebekka, 1991, et al.
(författare)
-
Why and how to balance alignment and diversity of requirements engineering practices in automotive
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 0164-1212. ; 162
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In large-scale automotive companies, various requirements engineering (RE) practices are used across teams. RE practices manifest in Requirements Information Models (RIM) that define what concepts and information should be captured for requirements. Collaboration of practitioners from different parts of an organization is required to define a suitable RIM that balances support for diverse practices in individual teams with the alignment needed for a shared view and team support on system level. There exists no guidance for this challenging task. This paper presents a mixed methods study to examine the role of RIMs in balancing alignment and diversity of RE practices in four automotive companies. Our analysis is based on data from systems engineering tools, 11 semi-structured interviews, and a survey to validate findings and suggestions. We found that balancing alignment and diversity of RE practices is important to consider when defining RIMs. We further investigated enablers for this balance and actions that practitioners take to achieve it. From these factors, we derived and evaluated recommendations for managing RIMs in practice that take into account the lifecycle of requirements and allow for diverse practices across sub-disciplines in early development, while enforcing alignment of requirements that are close to release.
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| 48. |
- Ciccozzi, Federico, et al.
(författare)
-
Model-Driven Engineering for Mission-Critical IoT Systems
- 2017
-
Ingår i: IEEE Software. - : IEEE. - 0740-7459 .- 1937-4194. ; 34:1, s. 46-53
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mission-critical Internet of Things (MC-IoT) systems involve heterogeneous things from both the digital and physical worlds. They run applications whose failure might cause significant and possibly dramatic consequences, such as interruption of public services, significant business losses, and deterioration of enterprise operations. These applications require not only high availability, reliability, safety, and security but also regulatory compliance, scalability, and serviceability. At the same time, they're exposed to various facets of uncertainty, spanning from software and hardware variability to mission planning and execution in possibly unforeseeable environments. Model-driven engineering can potentially meet these challenges and better enable the adoption of MC-IoT systems.
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| 49. |
- Graziotin, D., et al.
(författare)
-
Psychometrics in Behavioral Software Engineering: A Methodological Introduction with Guidelines
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Acm Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 1049-331X .- 1557-7392. ; 31:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A meaningful and deep understanding of the human aspects of software engineering (SE) requires psychological constructs to be considered. Psychology theory can facilitate the systematic and sound development as well as the adoption of instruments (e.g., psychological tests, questionnaires) to assess these constructs. In particular, to ensure high quality, the psychometric properties of instruments need evaluation. In this article, we provide an introduction to psychometric theory for the evaluation of measurement instruments for SE researchers. We present guidelines that enable using existing instruments and developing new ones adequately. We conducted a comprehensive review of the psychology literature framed by the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing. We detail activities used when operationalizing new psychological constructs, such as item pooling, item review, pilot testing, item analysis, factor analysis, statistical property of items, reliability, validity, and fairness in testing and test bias. We provide an openly available example of a psychometric evaluation based on our guideline. We hope to encourage a culture change in SE research towards the adoption of establishedmethods from psychology. To improve the quality of behavioral research in SE, studies focusing on introducing, validating, and then using psychometric instruments need to be more common.
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| 50. |
- Giaimo, Federico, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Continuous Experimentation and the cyber-physical systems challenge: An overview of the literature and the industrial perspective.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 0164-1212. ; 170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: New software development patterns are emerging aiming at accelerating the process of delivering value. One is Continuous Experimentation, which allows to systematically deploy and run instrumented software variants during development phase in order to collect data from the field of application. While currently this practice is used on a daily basis on web-based systems, technical difficulties challenge its adoption in fields where computational resources are constrained, e.g., cyber-physical systems and the automotive industry. Objective: This paper aims at providing an overview of the engagement on the Continuous Experimentation practice in the context of cyber-physical systems. Method: A systematic literature review has been conducted to investigate the link between the practice and the field of application. Additionally, an industrial multiple case study is reported. Results: The study presents the current state-of-the-art regarding Continuous Experimentation in the field of cyber-physical systems. The current perspective of Continuous Experimentation in industry is also reported. Conclusions: The field has not reached maturity yet. More conceptual analyses are found than solution proposals and the state-of-practice is yet to be achieved. However it is expected that in time an increasing number of solutions will be proposed and validated.
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