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1.	Buckland, Philip I., 1973-, et al. (författare) SEAD - The Strategic Environmental Archaeology Database : Progress Report Spring 2014 2014 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract This report provides an overview of the progress and results of the VR:KFI infrastructure projects 2007-7494 and (825-)2010-5976. It should be considered as a status report in an on-going long-term research infrastructure development project.
2.	Roth, Florian, et al. (författare) High spatiotemporal variability of methane concentrations challenges estimates of emissions across vegetated coastal ecosystems. 2022 Ingår i: Global change biology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2486 .- 1354-1013. ; 28:14, s. 4308-4322 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Coastal methane (CH4 ) emissions dominate the global ocean CH4 budget and can offset the "blue carbon" storage capacity of vegetated coastal ecosystems. However, current estimates lack systematic, high-resolution, and long-term data from these intrinsically heterogeneous environments, making coastal budgets sensitive to statistical assumptions and uncertainties. Using continuous CH4 concentrations, δ13 C-CH4 values, and CH4 sea-air fluxes across four seasons in three globally pervasive coastal habitats, we show that the CH4 distribution is spatially patchy over meter-scales and highly variable in time. Areas with mixed vegetation, macroalgae, and their surrounding sediments exhibited a spatiotemporal variability of surface water CH4 concentrations ranging two orders of magnitude (i.e., 6-460nM CH4 ) with habitat-specific seasonal and diurnal patterns. We observed (1) δ13 C-CH4 signatures that revealed habitat-specific CH4 production and consumption pathways, (2) daily peak concentration events that could change >100% within hours across all habitats, and (3) a high thermal sensitivity of the CH4 distribution signified by apparent activation energies of ~1eV that drove seasonal changes. Bootstrapping simulations show that scaling the CH4 distribution from few samples involves large errors, and that ~50 concentration samples per day are needed to resolve the scale and drivers of the natural variability and improve the certainty of flux calculations by up to 70%. Finally, we identify northern temperate coastal habitats with mixed vegetation and macroalgae as understudied but seasonally relevant atmospheric CH4 sources (i.e., releasing≥100μmol CH4 m-2 day-1 in summer). Due to the large spatial and temporal heterogeneity of coastal environments, high-resolution measurements will improve the reliability of CH4 estimates and confine the habitat-specific contribution to regional and global CH4 budgets.
3.	Buckland, Philip I., 1973-, et al. (författare) BugsCEP, an entomological database twenty-five years on 2014 Ingår i: Antenna (Journal of the Royal Entomological Society). - London : Royal Entomological Society of London. - 0140-1890. ; 38:1, s. 21-28 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
4.	Sonesten, Lars (författare) Miljöövervakningen i sjöar och vattendrag kartlagd 2014 Ingår i: Sötvatten 2014: om miljötillståndet i Sveriges sjöar, vattendrag och grundvatten. - 9789187025631 ; , s. 8-12 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
5.	Åkesson, Sofia, et al. (författare) Characterizing natural degradation of tetrachloroethene (PCE) using a multidisciplinary approach 2020 Ingår i: Ambio: a Journal of the Human Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 50, s. 1074-1088 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A site in mid-western Sweden contaminated with chlorinated solvents originating from a previous dry cleaning facility, was investigated using conventional groundwater analysis combined with compound-specific isotope data of carbon, microbial DNA analysis, and geoelectrical tomography techniques. We show the value of this multidisciplinary approach, as the different results supported each interpretation, and show where natural degradation occurs at the site. The zone where natural degradation occurred was identified in the transition between two geological units, where the change in hydraulic conductivity may have facilitated biofilm formation and microbial activity. This observation was confirmed by all methods and the examination of the impact of geological conditions on the biotransformation process was facilitated by the unique combination of the applied methods. There is thus significant benefit from deploying an extended array of methods for these investigations, with the potential to reduce costs involved in remediation of contaminated sediment and groundwater.
6.	Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, et al. (författare) A framework for assessing urban greenery's effects and valuing its ecosystem services 2018 Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Academic Press. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 205, s. 274-285 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Ongoing urban exploitation is increasing pressure to transform urban green spaces, while there is increasing awareness that greenery provides a range of important benefits to city residents. In efforts to help resolve associated problems we have developed a framework for integrated assessments of ecosystem service (ES) benefits and values provided by urban greenery, based on the ecosystem service cascade model. The aim is to provide a method for assessing the contribution to, and valuing, multiple ES provided by urban greenery that can be readily applied in routine planning processes. The framework is unique as it recognizes that an urban greenery comprises several components and functions that can contribute to multiple ecosystem services in one or more ways via different functional traits (e.g. foliage characteristics) for which readily measured indicators have been identified. The framework consists of five steps including compilation of an inventory of indicator; application of effectivity factors to rate indicators' effectiveness; estimation of effects; estimation of benefits for each ES; estimation of the total ES value of the ecosystem. The framework was applied to assess ecosystem services provided by trees, shrubs, herbs, birds, and bees, in green areas spanning an urban gradient in Gothenburg, Sweden. Estimates of perceived values of ecosystem services were obtained from interviews with the public and workshop activities with civil servants. The framework is systematic and transparent at all stages and appears to have potential utility in the existing spatial planning processes.
7.	Drake, Henrik, 1979-, et al. (författare) Ancient microbial activity in deep hydraulically conductive fracture zones within the Forsmark target area for deep geological nuclear waste disposal, Sweden 2018 Ingår i: Geosciences. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-3263. ; 8 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Recent studies reveal that organisms from all three domains of life—Archaea, Bacteria, and even Eukarya—can thrive under energy-poor, dark, and anoxic conditions at large depths in the fractured crystalline continental crust. There is a need for an increased understanding of the processes and lifeforms in this vast realm, for example, regarding the spatiotemporal extent and variability of the different processes in the crust. Here, we present a study that set out to detect signs of ancient microbial life in the Forsmark area—the target area for deep geological nuclear waste disposal in Sweden. Stable isotope compositions were determined with high spatial resolution analyses within mineral coatings, and mineralized remains of putative microorganisms were studied in several deep water-conducting fracture zones (down to 663 m depth), from which hydrochemical and gas data exist. Large isotopic variabilities of 13Ccalcite (?36.2 to +20.2‰V-PDB) and 34Spyrite (?11.7 to +37.8‰V-CDT) disclose discrete periods of methanogenesis, and potentially, anaerobic oxidation of methane and related microbial sulfate reduction at several depth intervals. Dominant calcite–water disequilibrium of 18O and 87Sr/86Sr precludes abundant recent precipitation. Instead, the mineral coatings largely reflect an ancient archive of episodic microbial processes in the fracture system, which, according to our microscale Rb–Sr dating of co-genetic adularia and calcite, date back to the mid-Paleozoic. Potential Quaternary precipitation exists mainly at ~400 m depth in one of the boreholes, where mineral–water compositions corresponded.
8.	Buckland, Philip I., 1973- (författare) The Bugs Coleopteran Ecology Package (BugsCEP) database : 1000 sites and half a million fossils later 2014 Ingår i: Quaternary International. - : Elsevier. - 1040-6182 .- 1873-4553. ; 341, s. 272-282 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The Bugs database project started in the late 1980s as what would now be considered a relatively simple system, albeit advanced for its time, linking fossil beetle species lists to modern habitat and distribution information. Since then, Bugs has grown into a complex database of fossils records, habitat and distribution data, dating and climate reference data wrapped into an advanced software analysis package. At the time of writing, the database contains raw data and metadata for 1124 sites, and Russell Coope directly contributed to the analysis of over 154 (14%) of them, some 98790 identifications published in 231 publications. Such quantifications are infeasible without databases, and the analytical power of combining a database of modern and fossil insects with analysis tools is potentially immense for numerous areas of science ranging from conservation to Quaternary geology.BugsCEP, The Bugs Coleopteran Ecology Package, is the latest incarnation of the Bugs database project. Released in 2007, the database is continually added too and is available for free download from http://www.bugscep.com. The software tools include quantitative habitat reconstruction and visualisation, correlation matrices, MCR climate reconstruction, searching by habitat and retrieving, among other things, a list of taxa known from the selected habitat types. It also provides a system for entering, storing and managing palaeoentomological data as well as a number of expert system like reporting facilities.Work is underway to create an online version of BugsCEP, implemented through the Strategic Environmental Archaeology Database (SEAD) project (http://www.sead.se). The aim is to provide more direct access to the latest data, a community orientated updating system, and integration with other proxy data. Eventually, the tools available in the offline BugsCEP will be duplicated and Bugs will be entirely in the web.This paper summarises aspects of the current scope, capabilities and applications of the BugsCEP database and software, with special reference to and quantifications of the contributions of Russell Coope to the field of palaeoentomology as represented in the database. The paper also serves to illustrate the potential for the use of BugsCEP in biographical studies, and discusses some of the issues relating to the use of large scale sources of quantitative data.All datasets used in this article are available through the current version of BugsCEP available at http://www.bugscep.com.
9.	Sonesten, Lars (författare) Deformiteter hos oligochaeter i Vänern 2014 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Bottenlevande slamrörmaskar, oligochaeter, är känsliga miljöindikatorer i alla typerav vatten. I en retrospektiv studie har deformiteter hos oligochaeter från treolika nordliga Vänervikar jämförts under en period med minskad antropogen belastningmed avseende på näringsämnen och olika metaller. Stora mängder av miljöfarligaämnen finns dock lagrade i de sediment som oligochaeterna lever i.Resultaten från undersökningen visar på att de allra grövsta deformitetsformerna,dvs. groteskt förändrade ventrala borst, med tiden generellt sett har minskat i omfattning.Det finns däremot inga tecken på att lättare deformiteter har minskatnämnvärt annat än lokalt. Utöver de skador som noterades på ventrala borst vidtidigare undersökningar så noterades i denna undersökning även att deformiteterhos både dorsala och ventrala borst har tillkommit hos arten Potamothrix hammoniensisi samtliga tre fjärdar. Deformiteterna spänner mellan lättare och mergrava skador, där de lätta dominerar. Liknande skador hos dorsala borst har endastundantagsvis setts i tidigare material från Vänern.Även om förekomsten av de mest grava deformiteterna har minskat, så visar resultatenpå att de lättare skadorna inte har minskat noterbart under den undersöktaperioden annat än på vissa provplatser. Detta skulle kunna tyda på att oligochaeternafortfarande påverkas av upplagrade miljögifter i sedimenten.
10.	Sonesten, Lars, et al. (författare) Mälaren : tillståndsutvecklingen 1965-2011 2013 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
11.	Ritter, Camila, et al. (författare) High-throughput metabarcoding reveals the effect of physicochemical soil properties on soil and litter biodiversity and community turnover across Amazonia. 2018 Ingår i: PeerJ. - : PeerJ. - 2167-8359. ; 6 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Knowledge on the globally outstanding Amazonian biodiversity and its environmental determinants stems almost exclusively from aboveground organisms, notably plants. In contrast, the environmental factors and habitat preferences that drive diversity patterns for micro-organisms in the ground remain elusive, despite the fact that micro-organisms constitute the overwhelming majority of life forms in any given location, in terms of both diversity and abundance. Here we address how the diversity and community turnover of operational taxonomic units (OTU) of organisms in soil and litter respond to soil physicochemical properties; whether OTU diversities and community composition in soil and litter are correlated with each other; and whether they respond in a similar way to soil properties.We used recently inferred OTUs from high-throughput metabarcoding of the 16S (prokaryotes) and 18S (eukaryotes) genes to estimate OTU diversity (OTU richness and effective number of OTUs) and community composition for prokaryotes and eukaryotes in soil and litter across four localities in Brazilian Amazonia. All analyses were run separately for prokaryote and eukaryote OTUs, and for each group using both presence-absence and abundance data. Combining these with novel data on soil chemical and physical properties, we identify abiotic correlates of soil and litter organism diversity and community structure using regression, ordination, and variance partitioning analysis.Soil organic carbon content was the strongest factor explaining OTU diversity (negative correlation) and pH was the strongest factor explaining community turnover for prokaryotes and eukaryotes in both soil and litter. We found significant effects also for other soil variables, including both chemical and physical properties. The correlation between OTU diversity in litter and in soil was non-significant for eukaryotes and weak for prokaryotes. The community compositions of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes were more separated among habitat types (terra-firme, várzea, igapó and campina) than between substrates (soil and litter).In spite of the limited sampling (four localities, 39 plots), our results provide a broad-scale view of the physical and chemical correlations of soil and litter biodiversity in a longitudinal transect across the world's largest rainforest. Our methods help to understand links between soil properties, OTU diversity patterns, and community composition and turnover. The lack of strong correlation between OTU diversity in litter and in soil suggests independence of diversity drives of these substrates and highlights the importance of including both measures in biodiversity assessments. Massive sequencing of soil and litter samples holds the potential to complement traditional biological inventories in advancing our understanding of the factors affecting tropical diversity.
12.	Aldenhoff, Wiebke, 1985, et al. (författare) Comparison of ice/water classification in Fram Strait from C- and L-band SAR imagery 2018 Ingår i: Annals of Glaciology. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0260-3055 .- 1727-5644. ; 59:76pt2, s. 112-123 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In this paper an algorithm for ice/water classification of C- and L-band dual polarization synthetic aperture radar data is presented. A comparison of the two different frequencies is made in order to investigate the potential to improve classification results with multi-frequency data. The algorithm is based on backscatter intensities in co- and cross-polarization and autocorrelation as a texture feature. The mapping between image features and ice/water classification is made with a neural network. Accurate ice/water maps for both frequencies are produced by the algorithm and the results of two frequencies generally agree very well. Differences are found in the marginal ice zone, where the time difference between acquisitions causes motion of the ice pack. C-band reliably reproduces the outline of the ice edge, while L-band has its strengths for thin ice/calm water areas within the icepack. The classification shows good agreement with ice/water maps derived from met.no ice-charts and radiometer data from AMSR-2. Variations are found in the marginal ice zone where the generalization of the ice charts and lower accuracy of ice concentration from radiometer data introduce deviations. Usage of high-resolution dual frequency data could be beneficial for improving ice cover information for navigation and modelling.
13.	Barthel, Roland, 1967 (författare) Editor’s Message: How much interdisciplinary collaboration between the natural and social sciences is there in groundwater research? 2017 Ingår i: Hydrogeology Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1431-2174 .- 1435-0157. ; 25:5, s. 1229-1231 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
14.	Oni, Stephen, et al. (författare) Local- and landscape-scale impacts of clear-cuts and climate change on surface water dissolved organic carbon in boreal forests 2015 Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences. - 2169-8953 .- 2169-8961. ; 120:11, s. 2402-2426 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Forest harvesting and climate change may significantly increase concentrations and fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in boreal surface waters. However, the likely magnitude of any effect will vary depending on the landscape-element type and spatial scale. We used a chain of hydrological, empirical, and process-based biogeochemical models coupled to an ensemble of downscaled Regional Climate Model experiments to develop scenario storylines for local- and landscape-scale effects of forest harvesting and climate change on surface water DOC concentrations and fluxes. Local-scale runoff, soil temperature, and DOC dynamics were simulated for a range of forest and wetland landscape-element types and at the larger landscape scale. The results indicated that climate change will likely lead to greater winter flows and earlier, smaller spring peaks. Both forest harvesting and climate change scenarios resulted in large increases in summer and autumn runoff and higher DOC fluxes. Forest harvesting effects were clearly apparent at local scales. While at the landscape scale, approximately 1 mg L−1 (or 10%) of the DOC in surface waters can be attributed to clear-cuts, both climate change and intensified forestry can each increase DOC concentrations by another 1 mg L−1 in the future, which is less than that seen in many waterbodies recovering from acidification. These effects of forestry and climate change on surface water DOC concentrations are additive at a landscape scale but not at the local scale, where a range of landscape-element specific responses were observed.
15.	Omstedt, Anders, 1949 (författare) The Development of Climate Science of the Baltic Sea Region 2017 Ingår i: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Climate Science. - : Oxford University Press. Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Dramatic climate changes have occurred in the Baltic Sea region caused by changes in orbital movement in the earth–sun system and the melting of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet. Added to these longer-term changes, changes have occurred at all timescales, caused mainly by variations in large-scale atmospheric pressure systems due to competition between the meandering midlatitude low-pressure systems and highpressure systems. Here we follow the development of climate science of the Baltic Sea from when observations began in the 18th century to the early 21st century. The question of why the water level is sinking around the Baltic Sea coasts could not be answered until the ideas of postglacial uplift and the thermal history of the earth were better understood in the 19th century and periodic behavior in climate related time series attracted scientific interest. Herring and sardine fishing successes and failures have led to investigations of fishery and climate change and to the realization that fisheries themselves have strongly negative effects on the marine environment, calling for international assessment efforts. Scientists later introduced the concept of regime shifts when interpreting their data, attributing these to various causes. The increasing amount of anoxic deep water in the Baltic Sea and eutrophication have prompted debate about what is natural and what is anthropogenic, and the scientific outcome of these debates now forms the basis of international management efforts to reduce nutrient leakage from land. The observed increase in atmospheric CO and its effects on global warming have focused the climate debate on trends and generated a series of international and regional assessments and research programs that have greatly improved our understanding of climate and environmental changes, bolstering the efforts of earth system science, in which both climate and environmental factors are analyzed together.
16.	Thompson, Luke R., et al. (författare) A communal catalogue reveals Earth's multiscale microbial diversity 2017 Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 551:7681, s. 457-463 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract © 2017 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved. Our growing awareness of the microbial world's importance and diversity contrasts starkly with our limited understanding of its fundamental structure. Despite recent advances in DNA sequencing, a lack of standardized protocols and common analytical frameworks impedes comparisons among studies, hindering the development of global inferences about microbial life on Earth. Here we present a meta-analysis of microbial community samples collected by hundreds of researchers for the Earth Microbiome Project. Coordinated protocols and new analytical methods, particularly the use of exact sequences instead of clustered operational taxonomic units, enable bacterial and archaeal ribosomal RNA gene sequences to be followed across multiple studies and allow us to explore patterns of diversity at an unprecedented scale. The result is both a reference database giving global context to DNA sequence data and a framework for incorporating data from future studies, fostering increasingly complete characterization of Earth's microbial diversity.
17.	Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, et al. (författare) An integrated method for assessing climate-related risks and adaptation alternatives in urban areas 2015 Ingår i: Climate Risk Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-0963. ; 7, s. 31-50 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract © 2015 The Authors. The urban environment is a complex structure with interlinked social, ecological and technical structures. Global warming is expected to have a broad variety of impacts, which will add to the complexity. Climate changes will force adaptation, to reduce climate-related risks. Adaptation measures can address one aspect at the time, or aim for a holistic approach to avoid maladaptation. This paper presents a systematic, integrated approach for assessing alternatives for reducing the risks of heat waves, flooding and air pollution in urban settings, with the aim of reducing the risk of maladaptation. The study includes strategies covering different spatial scales, and both the current climate situation and the climate predicted under climate change scenarios. The adaptation strategies investigated included increasing vegetation; selecting density, height and colour of buildings; and retreat or resist (defend) against sea-level rise. Their effectiveness was assessed with regard to not only flooding, heat stress and air quality but also with regard to resource use, emissions to air (incl. GHG), soil and water, and people's perceptions and vulnerability. The effectiveness of the strategies were ranked on a common scale (from -3 to 3) in an integrated assessment. Integrated assessments are recommended, as they help identify the most sustainable solutions, but to reduce the risk of maladaptation they require experts from a variety of disciplines. The most generally applicable recommendation, derived from the integrated assessment here, taking into account both expertise from different municipal departments, literature surveys, life cycle assessments and publics perceptions, is to increase the urban greenery, as it contributes to several positive aspects such as heat stress mitigation, air quality improvement, effective storm-water and flood-risk management, and it has several positive social impacts. The most favourable alternative was compact, mid-rise, light coloured building design with large parks/green areas and trees near buildings.
18.	Sonesten, Lars (författare) Mindre övergödning i vattendragen 2013 Ingår i: Sötvatten 2013. - 9789187025310 ; , s. 24-26 Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
19.	Wästfelt, Anders, et al. (författare) Local spatial context measurements used to explore the relationship between land cover and land use functions 2013 Ingår i: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1569-8432 .- 1872-826X .- 0303-2434. ; 23, s. 234-244 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Research making use of satellite data for land change science has developed in the last decades. However, analysis of land use has not developed with the same speed as development of new satellite sensors and available land cover data. Improvement of land use analysis is possible, but more advanced methods are needed which make it possible to link image data to analysis of land use functions. To make this linking possible, variable which affect farmer's long term decisions must be taken into account in analysis as well as the relative importance of the landscape itself. A GIS-based tool for the measurement of local spatial context in satellite data is presented in this paper and used to explore the relationship between land covers present in satellite data and land use represented in official databases. By the use of the developed tool, a land configuration image (LCI) over the Siljan area in northern Sweden was produced and used for analysis. The results are twofold. First, the produced LCI holds new information about variables that are relevant for the interpretation of land use. Second, the comparison with statistics of agricultural production shows that production in the study area varies depending on the relative land configuration. Villages consisting of relatively large-scale arable fields and less diverse landscape are less diverse in production than villages which consist of smaller-scale and more heterogonous landscapes. The result is especially relevant for land use studies and policymakers working on environmental and agricultural policies. We conclude that local spatial context is an endogenous variable in the relation between landscape configuration and agricultural land use.
20.	Alvarez, Belinda, et al. (författare) Assessing the potential of sponges (Porifera) as indicators of ocean dissolved Si concentrations 2017 Ingår i: Frontiers in Marine Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-7745. ; 4 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We explore the distribution of sponges along dissolved silica (dSi) concentration gradients to test whether sponge assemblages are related to dSi and to assess the validity of fossil sponges as a palaeoecological tool for inferring dSi concentrations of the past oceans. We extracted sponge records from the publically available Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) database and linked these records with ocean physiochemical data to evaluate if there is any correspondence between dSi concentrations of the waters sponges inhabit and their distribution. Over 320,000 records of Porifera were available, of which 62,360 met strict quality control criteria. Our analyses was limited to the taxonomic levels of family, order and class. Because dSi concentration is correlated with depth in the modern ocean, we also explored sponge taxa distributions as a function of depth. We observe that while some sponge taxa appear to have dSi preferences (e.g., class Hexactinellida occurs mostly at high dSi), the overall distribution of sponge orders and families along dSi gradients is not sufficiently differentiated to unambiguously relate dSi concentrations to sponge taxa assemblages. We also observe that sponge taxa tend to be similarly distributed along a depth gradient. In other words, both dSi and/or another variable that depth is a surrogate for, may play a role in controlling sponge spatial distribution and the challenge is to distinguish between the two. We conclude that inferences about palaeo-dSi concentrations drawn from the abundance of sponges in the stratigraphic records must be treated cautiously as these animals are adapted to a great range of dSi conditions and likely other underlying variables that are related to depth. Our analysis provides a quantification of the dSi ranges of common sponge taxa, expands on previous knowledge related to their bathymetry preferences and suggest that sponge taxa assemblages are not related to particular dSi conditions.
21.	Earon, Robert, et al. (författare) Groundwater Resources Potential in Hard Rock Terrain : A Multivariate Approach 2014 Ingår i: Ground Water. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0017-467X .- 1745-6584. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Groundwater resources are limited and difficult to predict in crystalline bedrock due to heterogeneity and anisotropy in rock fracture systems. Municipal-level governments often lack the resources for traditional hydrogeological tests when planning for sustainable use of water resources. A new methodology for assessing groundwater resources potential (GRP) based on geological and topographical factors using principal component analysis (PCA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was developed and tested. ANOVA results demonstrated statistically significant differences in classed variable groups as well as in classed GRP scores with regard to hydrogeological indicators, such as specific capacity (SC) and transmissivity. Results of PCA were used to govern the weight of the variables used in the prediction maps. GRP scores were able to identify 79% of wells in a verification dataset, which had SC values less than the total dataset median. GRP values showed statistically significant correlations using both parametric (using transformed datasets) and non-parametric methods. The method shows promise for municipal or regional level planning in crystalline terrains with high levels of heterogeneity and anisotropy as a hydrogeologically and statistically based tool to assist in assessing groundwater resources. The methodology is executed in a geographic information systems environment, and uses often readily available data, such as geological maps, feature maps and topography, and thus does not require expensive and time-consuming aquifer tests.
22.	Bring, Arvid, et al. (författare) Effects on groundwater storage of restoring, constructing or draining wetlands in temperate and boreal climates: a systematic review 2022 Ingår i: Environmental Evidence. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2047-2382. ; 11:1 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Drainage activities have caused widespread wetland loss, groundwater drawdown and impairment of ecosystem services. There are now several national programs for wetland restoration, primarily focused on reintroducing ecosystem services such as habitats and nutrient retention. In Sweden, recent dry summers have also reinforced interest in hydrological functions such as the potential for enhanced groundwater storage, both in and around the wetland. However, there are several knowledge gaps regarding groundwater storage effects of restoration, including if they extend beyond the wetland and how they vary with local conditions. Therefore, we have systematically reviewed groundwater storage effects from the interventions of restoring, constructing or draining boreo-temperate wetlands. Drainage was included primarily to evaluate to what degree restoration can reverse drainage effects. Methods: We searched 8 databases for scientific journal publications in English, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, French, German and Polish. Gray literature was searched in English and Swedish. Articles were included based on their relevance for Swedish conditions, i.e., in previously glaciated areas with boreal or temperate climate. Extracted outcome data were groundwater level changes, along with other variables including type of wetland and intervention and, when reported, distance between sampling point and intervention. Meta-analyses were conducted separately for studies that reported groundwater levels at different distances and studies that reported overall effects. Included studies were subject to critical appraisal to evaluate their susceptibility to bias, primarily selection bias, performance bias, and detection bias. Critical appraisal results were used in sensitivity analysis. Review findings: Out of 11,288 screened records, 224 articles fulfilled the criteria, and from these, 146 studies were included in meta-analysis. Most studies (89%) investigated peatlands, primarily from Finland, the UK and Canada. Restoration and drainage studies were equally common. Only nine studies reported measurements beyond the wetland area. Our synthesis is therefore primarily focused on effects within wetlands. In peatland restoration, the observed groundwater level rise decreased exponentially with distance from the restored ditch and was reduced to 50% after 9 [95% confidence interval: 5, 26] m. Drainage reached somewhat farther, with 50% of the groundwater drawdown remaining at 21 [11, 64] m. On average, restoration increased groundwater levels by 22 [16, 28] cm near the intervention, whereas drainage caused a drawdown of 19 [10, 27] cm. Assuming that sampling was unbiased, effects were similar for bogs, fens and mires. Restricting the meta-analysis to the 58% of studies that were of high validity did not alter conclusions. Conclusions: Effects of peatland restoration and drainage were of similar magnitudes but opposite directions. This indicates that, on average, rewetting of drained peatlands can be expected to restore groundwater levels near the ditch. However, restoration may not reach all the area affected by drainage, and there was a strong dependence on local context. For managers of wetland projects, it is thus important to follow up and monitor restoration effects and reinforce the intervention if necessary. Our results also point to a need for better impact evaluation if increased storage beyond the restored wetland area is desired.
23.	Zilius, Mindaugas, et al. (författare) Spatiotemporal patterns of N2 fixation in coastal waters derived from rate measurements and remote sensing 2021 Ingår i: Biogeosciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1726-4170 .- 1726-4189. ; 18, s. 1857-1871 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Coastal lagoons are important sites for nitrogen (N) removal via sediment burial and denitrification. Blooms of heterocystous cyanobacteria may diminish N retention as dinitrogen (N2) fixation offsets atmospheric losses via denitrification. We measured N2 fixation in the Curonian Lagoon, Europe's largest coastal lagoon, to better understand the factors controlling N2 fixation in the context of seasonal changes in phytoplankton community composition and external N inputs. Temporal patterns in N2 fixation were primarily determined by the abundance of heterocystous cyanobacteria, mainly Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, which became abundant after the decline in riverine nitrate inputs associated with snowmelt. Heterocystous cyanobacteria dominated the summer phytoplankton community resulting in strong correlations between chlorophyll a (Chl a) and N2 fixation. We used regression models relating N2 fixation to Chl a, along with remote-sensing-based estimates of Chl a to derive lagoon-scale estimates of N2 fixation. N2 fixation by pelagic cyanobacteria was found to be a significant component of the lagoon's N budget based on comparisons to previously derived fluxes associated with riverine inputs, sediment-water exchange, and losses via denitrification. To our knowledge, this is the first study to derive ecosystem-scale estimates of N2 fixation by combining remote sensing of Chl a with empirical models relating N2 fixation rates to Chl a.
24.	Arellano, Santiago, 1981 (författare) Studies of Volcanic Plumes with Remote Spectroscopic Sensing Techniques -DOAS and FTIR measurements on volcanoes of the Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change- 2014 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Volcanism is a rich geodynamical process, closely linked to the origin and ongoing evolution of the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. Humans have benefited from the resources provided by volcanoes but also been threatened by the dangers of volcanic eruptions, which accurate prediction remains elusive. This is partly due to the inherent complexity of volcanic systems and partly because of the difficulty of conducting key observations to characterize them. In particular, since the segregation and escape of magmatic volatiles are essential mechanisms behind volcanic eruptions, monitoring the intensity and composition of the resulting emissions in the atmosphere is essential to characterize the state of volcanic activity; however, their direct measurement is not always feasible.Remote spectroscopic sensing, whereby gas species can be quantified by their spectral signatures in electromagnetic radiation gathered at a prudent distance from the plume, offers the possibility to conduct reliable and sustainable monitoring of volcanic emissions. To expand the remote sensing capabilities of volcanological observatories the Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change (NOVAC) was established in 2005. The central theme of this thesis is the acquisition, analysis and interpretation of measurements of volcanic gas emissions on volcanoes of NOVAC. Measurements of the mass flow rate of SO2 and the molar ratios of SO2 against BrO and HCl were obtained by scanning-Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) of scattered solar ultraviolet radiation and by Fourier-Transform Spectroscopy (FTIR) of direct solar infrared radiation. The uncertainty of the measurements is characterized and methods for combining observations from different sensors implemented. Statistical and physical models of degassing are proposed for selected volcanoes of the network. The resulting time-series of emission on 16 volcanoes is one of the more detailed compilations of volcanic degassing in the last decade, particularly from passive emissions which are difficult to detect from satellite platforms. This work aims at advancing our knowledge of volcanic eruptions for a better mitigation of their risks.
25.	Weis, Franz A., et al. (författare) Magmatic water contents determined through clinopyroxene : Examples from the Western Canary Islands, Spain 2015 Ingår i: Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems. - 1525-2027. ; 16:7, s. 2127-2146 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Water is a key parameter in magma genesis, magma evolution, and resulting eruption styles, because it controls the density, the viscosity, as well as the melting and crystallization behavior of a melt. The parental water content of a magma is usually measured through melt inclusions in minerals such as olivine, a method which may be hampered, however, by the lack of melt inclusions suitable for analysis, or postentrapment changes in their water content. An alternative way to reconstruct the water content of a magma is to use nominally anhydrous minerals (NAMs), such as pyroxene, which take up low concentrations of hydrogen as a function of the magma's water content. During magma degassing and eruption, however, NAMs may dehydrate. We therefore tested a method to reconstruct the water contents of dehydrated clinopyroxene phenocrysts from the Western Canary islands (n=28) through rehydration experiments followed by infrared and Mossbauer spectroscopy. Employing currently available crystal/melt partitioning data, the results of the experiments were used to calculate parental water contents of 0.710.07 to 1.490.15 wt % H2O for Western Canary magmas during clinopyroxene crystallization at upper mantle conditions. This H2O range is in agreement with calculated water contents using plagioclase-liquid-hygrometry, and with previously published data for mafic lavas from the Canary Islands and comparable ocean island systems elsewhere. Utilizing NAMs in combination with hydrogen treatment can therefore serve as a proxy for pre-eruptive H2O contents, which we anticipate becoming a useful method applicable to mafic rocks where pyroxene is the main phenocryst phase.
26.	Barnes, Paul W., et al. (författare) Ozone depletion, ultraviolet radiation, climate change and prospects for a sustainable future 2019 Ingår i: Nature Sustainability. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2398-9629. ; 2:7, s. 569-579 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract © 2019, Springer Nature Limited. Changes in stratospheric ozone and climate over the past 40-plus years have altered the solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation conditions at the Earth’s surface. Ozone depletion has also contributed to climate change across the Southern Hemisphere. These changes are interacting in complex ways to affect human health, food and water security, and ecosystem services. Many adverse effects of high UV exposure have been avoided thanks to the Montreal Protocol with its Amendments and Adjustments, which have effectively controlled the production and use of ozone-depleting substances. This international treaty has also played an important role in mitigating climate change. Climate change is modifying UV exposure and affecting how people and ecosystems respond to UV; these effects will become more pronounced in the future. The interactions between stratospheric ozone, climate and UV radiation will therefore shift over time; however, the Montreal Protocol will continue to have far-reaching benefits for human well-being and environmental sustainability.
27.	Bobrowski, Nicole, et al. (författare) Multi-component gas emission measurements of the active lava lake of Nyiragongo, DR Congo 2017 Ingår i: Journal of African Earth Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1956 .- 1464-343X. ; 134, s. 856-865 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Between 2007 and 2011 four measurement campaigns (June 2007, July 2010, June 2011, and December 2011) were carried out at the crater rim of Nyiragongo volcano, DR Congo. Nyiragongo is one of the most active volcanoes in Africa. The ground-based remote sensing technique Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS), which uses scattered sunlight, the in-situ Multi-Component Gas Analyzer System (Multi-GAS) and alkaline impregnated filter were simultaneously applied during all field trips. The bromine monoxide to sulfur dioxide (BrO/SO2) and carbon dioxide to sulfur dioxide (CO2/SO2) molar ratios were determined, among other ratios. During the different field trips variations of the level of the lava lake up to several tens of meters were observed during intervals of the order of minutes up to days and also between the years. The measured gas ratios presented covariations with the lava lake level changes. BrO/SO2 ratios and CO2/SO2 ratios showed similar behavior. Annual CO2/SO2 and BrO/SO2 average values are generally positively correlated. In June 2011 increased BrO/SO2 as well as increased CO2/SO2 ratios have been observed before a sudden decrease of the lava lake. Overall the Cl/S ratio, determined by filter-pack sampling, shows an increasing trend with time, which is accompanied by a decreasing sulfur dioxide flux, the later measured nearly continuously by automated MAX-DOAS instruments since 2004. Mean gas emission fluxes of CO2, Cl and ‘minimum-BrO’ fluxes are calculated using their ratio to SO2. The first two show an increase with time, in contrast to the SO2 fluxes. A simple conceptual model is proposed which can explain in particular the June 2011 data, but as well our entire data set. The proposed model takes up the idea of convective magma cells inside the conduit and the possible temporary interruption of part of the cycling. We propose than two alternatives to explain the observed gas emission variation: 1. It is assumed that the diffuse and fumarolic degassing could have significant influence on measured gas composition. The measured gas composition might rather represent a gas mixture of plume, diffuse and fumarolic degassing than only representing the volcanic plume. 2. It is proposed that the interruption of the convection has taken place in the upper part of the conduit and deep degassing of CO2 and bromine initially continues while mixing already with gas emissions from an ageing source, which is characterized by an already diminishing sulfur content. These complex process but as well as the gas mixing of different sources, could explain general features of our dataset, but can unfortunately neither be confirmed nor disproven by the data available today.
28.	Kreuger, Jenny, et al. (författare) Modelling pesticide transport in a shallow groundwater catchment using tritium and helium-3 data 2014 Ingår i: Applied Geochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0883-2927. ; 50, s. 231-239 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Using tritium and helium-3 data for calibration, a 2-D transport model was set up to explain the occurrence of bentazone, dichlorprop, glyphosate, isoproturon, MCPA and metamitron in a small groundwater catchment in southern Sweden. The model was parameterised with site-specific degradation and sorption data to enable transport simulations. Local climatological data and a 21-year record of agricultural pesticide use within the study area were used as boundary conditions. Model output was evaluated against a 7-year long pesticide monitoring data-series from two monitoring wells within the study area. The model successfully predicts observed breakthrough of bentazone, dichlorprop, isoproturon and MCPA. However, it fails to simulate observed occurrences of glyphosate and metamitron. Glyphosate and metamitron exhibit relatively high sorption potential, and their occurrence is suggested to be the result of non-equilibrium preferential flow paths which the model cannot reproduce due the conceptualisation of the system as homogenous and isotropic. The results indicate a promising methodological approach applicable to groundwater contamination risk assessment, and demonstrate the potential for transport model calibration by means of tritium and helium-3 data. Main constraints of the study relate to the relatively simple system conceptualisation, indicating a need for further consideration of physical and chemical heterogeneity. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
29.	Englund, Oskar, et al. (författare) Beneficial land use change: Strategic expansion of new biomass plantations can reduce environmental impacts from EU agriculture 2020 Ingår i: Global Environmental Change. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-3780 .- 1872-9495. ; 60 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Society faces the double challenge of increasing biomass production to meet the future demands for food, materials and bioenergy, while addressing negative impacts of current (and future) land use. In the discourse, land use change (LUC) has often been considered as negative, referring to impacts of deforestation and expansion of biomass plantations. However, strategic establishment of suitable perennial production systems in agricultural landscapes can mitigate environmental impacts of current crop production, while providing biomass for the bioeconomy. Here, we explore the potential for such “beneficial LUC” in EU28. First, we map and quantify the degree of accumulated soil organic carbon losses, soil loss by wind and water erosion, nitrogen emissions to water, and recurring floods, in ∼81.000 individual landscapes in EU28. We then estimate the effectiveness in mitigating these impacts through establishment of perennial plants, in each landscape. The results indicate that there is a substantial potential for effective impact mitigation. Depending on criteria selection, 10–46% of the land used for annual crop production in EU28 is located in landscapes that could be considered priority areas for beneficial LUC. These areas are scattered all over Europe, but there are notable “hot-spots” where priority areas are concentrated, e.g., large parts of Denmark, western UK, The Po valley in Italy, and the Danube basin. While some policy developments support beneficial LUC, implementation could benefit from attempts to realize synergies between different Sustainable Development Goals, e.g., “Zero hunger”, “Clean water and sanitation”, “Affordable and Clean Energy”, “Climate Action”, and “Life on Land”.
30.	Morf, Andrea, 1968, et al. (författare) Climate Change Adaptation and Emerging Coastal Conflicts in Southern Sweden: Vellinge Municipality - A Paradigmatic Case Study 2012 Ingår i: IGC Cologne 2012, Down To Earth, 32nd International Geographical Congress, 26.-30. August 2012. Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract In Sweden, like in many other European states, there is an increasing need to identify and formulate climate change adaptation strategies at national as well as regional and local level. The Swedish 2007 national report by the Commission on Climate and Vulnerability concluded that Sweden have to make a start in climate adaptation through increased responsibility on behalf of the municipalities in adapting physical planning to the risks of climate change and through the key role of the County Administration Boards in coordinating adaptation efforts at the regional level. Since then, municipalities vulnerable to climate change impacts has started to identify and propose adaptation measures (under the coordination and support by the County Administration Boards), and a few municipalities have even started the process of integration adaptation measures into their physical planning. However, the integration of adaptation measures into comprehensive plans is a new and complex task, causing 'new' conflicts of interests to emerge. For example: · Between the interests to retreat from, defend against or adapt to future climate risks · Between present and future nature- and human values · Between existing national and regional regulations of local physical planning and the need for local flexibility in physical planning in responding to uncertain, future climate change risks · Between national, regional and local interests in relation to climate change adaptation · Between different social groups (for example between temporary and permanent residents) Through a case study of the municipality of Vellinge, located in the southwestern part of Sweden with a population of approximately 30 000, we analyze the potential consequences (in terms of emergence of new conflicts of interests) of the detailed, physical adaptation measures that have been put forward in the draft municipality comprehensive plan of 2010. Furthermore, we discuss potential strategies to mitigate such emerging conflicts.
31.	Eckerberg, Katarina, 1953-, et al. (författare) Varför brister politikerna när det gäller miljömålen? 2012 Ingår i: Dagens nyheter. - Stockholm : AB Dagens nyheter. - 1101-2447. ; :2012-12-27 Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
32.	Hassellöv, Ida-Maja, 1974, et al. (författare) Miljörisker sjunkna vrak II. Undersökningsmetoder och miljöaspekter 2015 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract During 2015 the Swedish Maritime Administration continued the second phase of thegovernmental task Environmental risks from sunken wrecks which first report was finalized2014-10-31 (Dnr: 1399-14-01942-6).The main conclusions from the 2014 report remain; for future handling of potentially pollutingshipwrecks it is recommended that the Swedish Agency for Water and Marine Management isgiven a coordinating responsibility in close cooperation with other competent nationalauthorities, such as Swedish Maritime Administration, Swedish Coastguard, Swedish NationalMaritime Museums, the Geological Survey of Sweden, SMHI, Swedish EPA, and SwedishCivil Contingencies Agency. Through coordination of wreck related operations and activitieswithin the concerned competent authorities’ ordinary areas of responsibility, resourceefficiency is improved. The estimated extra cost for implementation of a national strategy forhandling of the wrecks are estimated to be 10-15 MSEK which should be allocated to thecompetent authorities by the Swedish Agency for Water and Marine Management.The conclusions from 2014 was reinforced during 2015, e.g. through the validation of the riskassessment model VRAKA, which is now available in a first operative version. Additionalecotoxicological experiments on the development of tolerance against PAHs in meiofauna andmicroorganism communities were conducted in a field study in Brofjorden. The mainconclusions from this work is that comprehensive analyzes of PAHs should include alkylatedPAHs, and that exposure to PAHs over time can lead to tolerance development in ammoniumoxidizing bacteria, at the expense of their ability to perform the essential ecosystem servicenitrification.Continued measurements of the bottom currents were made at the wrecks Villon and Skytteren,and at the dumping area west of Måseskär. Measurement series yielded important informationon how measuring equipment at the wreck can be deployed in an optimized way in futuremonitoring program; to calculate the possible spreading of pollution from a wreck, currentmeasurements should be performed upstream from the wreck site, while sensors for thedetection of, for example, oil should be put into the turbulence downstream of the wreck.The current measurement instruments (RDCP) deployed at the Måseskär dump site was trawledup after only three weeks of measurements, but still gave valuable information on the extensivebottom trawling that resuspend (stir up) sediments. Earlier geochemical surveys have shownsignificantly elevated arsenic concentrations in the area and sediment resuspension greatlyincreased the risk for spread of any contaminants in the area. Trawling is not prohibited in thearea, and the current lack of knowledge regarding potential effects on human health whenconsuming seafood from dump areas calls for reflection upon the suitability of trawling in thearea.In addition to the current measurements Swedish Maritime Administration and the SwedishNavy conducted hydrographic survey with multibeam and side scan sonar and ROVinvestigation of the wrecks in the dumping area at Måseskär. 28 wrecks were found, and ROVinvestigation showed cargo holds with dumped torpedoes or mines and other containers in some SjöfartsverketDnr: 1399-14-01942-156of the wrecks. There is some discrepancy between the previously measured elevated arsenicconcentrations in the Måseskär area and recently presented data from historical archives thatdoes not support the theory that chemical weapons were dumped in the area. However, there isa very good correlation between the dominant current direction in the area, and the highestmeasured arsenic concentrations in the area downstream of the wrecks, suggesting some formof arsenic source in the area.
33.	Anshelm, Jonas, et al. (författare) Bannlys alla politiska beslut som ger mer klimatutsläpp 2014 Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - Stockholm : DN Debatt. - 1101-2447. ; :05/10 Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
34.	Ledesma, Jose, et al. (författare) Aquatic DOC export from subarctic Atlantic blanket bog in Norway is controlled by seasalt deposition, temperature and precipitation 2016 Ingår i: Biogeochemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0168-2563 .- 1573-515X. ; 127, s. 305-321 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Comprehensive and credible peatland carbon budgets, needed for global carbon accounting, must include lateral aquatic organic carbon export. Here, we quantify aquatic dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export for an Atlantic bog in subarctic Norway, the Andøya peatland, and test for sensitivity to climatic drivers. Hydrology, DOC concentrations and DOC export were simulated for 2000–2013 using the process-based catchment model Integrated Catchments model for Carbon(INCA-C), calibrated to site-specific water chemistry and hydrology (2011–2014) using readily-available data on temperature, precipitation and seasalt deposition. Measured streamwater DOC declined under seasalt episodes and was strongly positively related to temperature. Model calibrations successfully reproduced the water balance, variation in runoff (R2=0.67; Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency NS=0.67) and DOC concentrations (R2=0.85; NS=0.84). The most sensitive model parameters related to temperature-sensitivity of DOC production and DOC (de)sorption sensitivity to seasalts. Model uncertainty related to parameter space was similar to interannual variation in DOC export. Mean annual modelled DOC export was 7.2±0.7g C m−2 year−1, roughly 35% of the net land–atmospheric CO2 exchange at Andøya from 2009 to 2012 (estimated elsewhere). Current and antecedent mean temperature and precipitation were strong drivers of seasonal modelled DOC export, implying that warmer and wetter summers will lead to more DOC export. Evaluation of similar climate impacts on net peatland carbon accumulation requires additional exploration of the climate-sensitivity of land–atmosphere fluxes of CO2 and methane. Process-based models are valuable tools to account for lateral DOC exports in carbon balances of northern peatlands, especially where long-term monitoring data are lacking.
35.	Norrman, Jenny, 1971 (författare) Dokumentation workshop geosystemtjänster - ekosystemtjänster 2019 Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Dokumentation av workshop gällande att diskutera begreppen ekosystemtjänster och geosystemtjänster Plats: Chalmersska huset i Göteborg, Kanalrummet. Datum och tid: 29 augusti, kl 11.30-15.30 Bakgrund: Utifrån pågående forskning på Chalmers om undermarken som en multifunktionell resurs ser vi ett behov av att kunna systematiskt beskriva alla typer av tjänster undermark som naturen tillhandahåller med syftet att kunna ta bättre och mer hållbara beslut angående hur dessa tjänster/resurser skall nyttjas. Flera av dessa tjänster är biotiska och klassas då som ekosystemtjänster (ES). Andra typer av tjänster såsom t.ex. geoenergi, utrymme, bärförmåga, arkeologiska och geologiska arkiv är inte biotiska och kan därför principiellt inte betecknas vara ES. Hur bör man då beskriva dessa på bästa sätt så att man kan få en helhetsbild över undermarkens tjänster? Vi ser att begreppet geosystemtjänster förmodligen kan fånga in detta och skulle kunna vara ett bra ramverk. Men är det bra eller mindre bra att introducera nya begrepp? Hur ser andra organisationer som arbetar med ES på att föra in ett nytt begrepp? Liknande frågeställningar uppstår när man t.ex. arbetar inom vattenförvaltning där flera av vattnets tjänster är abiotiska, där t.ex. begreppet grundvattentjänster används ibland och som innefattar både biotiska och abiotiska tjänster. Syfte: Att samla representanter från olika organisationer som arbetar med och berörs av arbetet med ES för att dela erfarenheter och kunskap omkring ES och vad som inte fångas in under begreppet ES, om detta är ett problem eller ej för de olika organisationerna, och hur man ser på att föra in nya begrepp och nyttan med det. Upplägg: Ett antal korta föredrag för att introducera alla till frågeställningen, hur de olika organisationerna arbetar med ekosystemtjänster (ES) idag och deras roller. Därefter diskussion utifrån ett antal frågeställningar. Inbjudningslista: Representanter ifrån Sveriges geologiska undersökning, Statens geotekniska institut, Boverket och Naturvårdsverket, forskare (Chalmers), kommuner (Malmö, Göteborg), HaV och Vattenmyndigheterna.
36.	Steffens, Karin Anna, et al. (författare) Modelling pesticide leaching under climate change: parameter vs. climate input uncertainty 2014 Ingår i: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1027-5606 .- 1607-7938. ; 18, s. 479-491 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Assessing climate change impacts on pesticide leaching requires careful consideration of different sources of uncertainty. We investigated the uncertainty related to climate scenario input and its importance relative to parameter uncertainty of the pesticide leaching model. The pesticide fate model MACRO was calibrated against a comprehensive one-year field data set for a well-structured clay soil in southwestern Sweden. We obtained an ensemble of 56 acceptable parameter sets that represented the parameter uncertainty. Nine different climate model projections of the regional climate model RCA3 were available as driven by different combinations of global climate models (GCM), greenhouse gas emission scenarios and initial states of the GCM. The future time series of weather data used to drive the MACRO model were generated by scaling a reference climate data set (1970-1999) for an important agricultural production area in south-western Sweden based on monthly change factors for 2070-2099. 30 yr simulations were performed for different combinations of pesticide properties and application seasons. Our analysis showed that both the magnitude and the direction of predicted change in pesticide leaching from present to future depended strongly on the particular climate scenario. The effect of parameter uncertainty was of major importance for simulating absolute pesticide losses, whereas the climate uncertainty was relatively more important for predictions of changes of pesticide losses from present to future. The climate uncertainty should be accounted for by applying an ensemble of different climate scenarios. The aggregated ensemble prediction based on both acceptable parameterizations and different climate scenarios has the potential to provide robust probabilistic estimates of future pesticide losses.
37.	Ferraro, Mattia, et al. (författare) Multi-century reconstruction of environmental conditions in Lurefjorden, Norway. 2024 Ingår i: 24th Nordic Geological Winter Meeting, 10-12th Jan, 2024, Gothenburg, Sweden. Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Benthic foraminiferal assemblages are identified to reconstruct changes in environmental conditions over the last few centuries in Lurefjorden, a western Norwegian fjord. From ca. 1970 until present days the relative abundance of Brizalina skagerrakkensis, an efficient bio-indicator for organic matter fluxes, is enhanced relative to the preceding time interval. Hence, our results suggest that there is an increase of the organic matter within the Lurefjorden basin in the last 50 years. Over the same period, there is also an increase in the absolute abundance of agglutinated species, indicating lower oxygen concentration in the water. A lowering of the oxygen concentrations may have taken place as a response of a greater oxygen consumption caused by a higher organic matter supply in the water column. Accoridng to Aksnes (2009), Lurefjorden was subject to an increased freshening of Norwegian coastal waters (NCW), which has led to a decrease in sunlight penetration into the water column, affecting the oxygen levels and the behavior of marine life within the basin, between 1935 and 2007. Furthermore, we used diversity indices to study the ecological status of the area, showing significant growth in diversity, abundance, and richness within the benthic foraminiferal community over the past 50 years. Our observations highlight that an increase in the input of organic matter over the last century has led to a change in the benthic foraminifera community in the Lurefjorden basin.
38.	Kylander, Malin, 1977-, et al. (författare) A novel geochemical approach to paleorecords of dust deposition and effective humidity: 8500 years of peat accumulation at Store Mosse (the "Great Bog") , Sweden ) 2013 Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-3791 .- 1873-457X. ; 69, s. 69-82 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Both bog surface wetness and atmospheric dust deposition are intricately linked to changes in the hydrological cycle and pairing these types of records at the same site provides complementary information. Here a peat core from Store Mosse in southern Sweden covering the last 8500 years was used to make a high-resolution paleoclimate reconstruction based on a combination of bog development, colourimetric humification and inorganic geochemistry data. The coupling of Principal Component Analysis with changepoint modelling allowed for precise linking of changes in bog surface wetness and dust deposition records.A long-term trend towards warm (and possibly wet) conditions starts ca 8150 cal yr BP and culminates with the most pronounced conditions from 6900 to 6600 cal yr BP. The most significant arid period at Store Mosse occurred between 6500 and 5600 cal yr BP during which dust deposition was significantly higher. Wetter conditions dominate from 5500 to 4980 cal yr BP as the transition from the Hypsithermal and into the Neoglacial is made. After a shift to drier conditions, humification enters a more stable period that lasts from 4525 until 3200 cal yr BP. It is during this time that the first possible anthropogenic dust signals occur at ca 4200 cal yr BP. From 3200 cal yr BP to present humification generally shows a long-term decline moving towards wetter conditions. The main exceptions are during the transition from the Neoglacial to Roman Warm Period which is registered as a significantly wetter period and two dry periods recorded 2365 to 2155 cal yr BP and 1275–1105 cal yr BP. In general, the observed changes agree well with regional records of effective humidity and temperature. The high temporal resolution of the Store Mosse record reveals that palaeoclimatic change over the last 8500 years in southern Sweden has had a complex and variable structure.
39.	Stenfors, Elin, et al. (författare) Droughts in forested ecoregions in cold and continental climates : A review of vulnerability concepts and factors in socio-hydrological systems 2023 Ingår i: WIREs Water. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2049-1948. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In a changing climate, drought risk and vulnerability assessments are becoming increasingly important. Following the global call for proactive drought risk management, drought vulnerability assessments are progressively taking their stage in the drought research community. As the manifestation of drought vulnerability is dependent on the social, ecological, and hydroclimatic context in which it occurs, identifying vulnerability factors relevant for specific climatological and ecological regions may improve the quality of vulnerability assessments. Meanwhile, a holistic overview of factors affecting vulnerability in polar and cold climates is currently lacking. These regions are home to large socio-hydrological systems including urban areas, energy systems, agricultural practices, and the boreal forest. By conducting an interdisciplinary systematic literature review, the manifestation and conceptualization of drought vulnerability were identified for forested ecoregions in the KÃ¶ppenâ€“Geiger D and E climates. Vulnerability factors, as described by several scientific disciplines, were identified and combined into a conceptual framework for drought vulnerability in the study region. The results demonstrate the wide range of conceptualizations that exist for assessing drought vulnerability, and the thematic differences between sectors such as forestry, water supply, and agriculture. The conceptual framework presented herein adopts a novel approach, categorizing vulnerability factors by their location in a socio-hydrological system, and their relation to blue or green water sources. This allowed for identification of systemic vulnerability patterns, providing new insights into regional differences in drought vulnerability and a base for stakeholders performing proactive drought risk assessments in the study region.
40.	Ledesma, Jose, et al. (författare) Boreal forest riparian zones regulate stream sulfate and dissolved organic carbon 2016 Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 560-561, s. 110-122 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In boreal forest catchments, solute transfer to streams is controlled by hydrological and biogeochemical processes occurring in the riparian zone (RZ). However, RZs are spatially heterogeneous and information about solute chemistry is typically limited. This is problematic when making inferences about stream chemistry. Hypothetically, the strength of links between riparian and stream chemistry is time-scale dependent. Using a ten-year (2003-2012) dataset from a northern Swedish catchment, we evaluated the suitability of RZ data to infer stream dynamics at different time scales. We focus on the role of the RZ versus upslope soils in controlling sulfate (SO42-) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). A priori, declines in acid deposition and redox-mediated SO42- pulses control sulfur (S) fluxes and pool dynamics, which in turn affect dissolved organic carbon (DOC). We found that the catchment is currently a net source of S, presumably due to release of the S pool accumulated during the acidification period. In both, RZ and stream, SO42- concentrations are declining over time, whereas DOC is increasing. No temporal trends in SO42- and DOC were observed in upslope mineral soils. SO42- explained the variation of DOC in stream and RZ, but not in upslope mineral soil. Moreover, as SO42- decreased with time, temporal variability of DOC increased. These observations indicate that: (1) SO42- is still an important driver of DOC trends in boreal catchments and (2) RZ processes control stream SO42- and subsequently DOC independently of upslope soils. These phenomena are likely occurring in many regions recovering from acidification. Because water flows through a heterogeneous mosaic of RZs before entering the stream, upscaling information from limited RZ data to the catchment level is problematic at short-time scales. However, for long-term trends and annual dynamics, the same data can provide reasonable representations of riparian processes and support meaningful inferences about stream chemistry. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
41.	Oni, Stephen, et al. (författare) Using dry and wet year hydroclimatic extremes to guide future hydrologic projections 2016 Ingår i: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1027-5606 .- 1607-7938. ; 20, s. 2811-2825 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract There are growing numbers of studies on climate change impacts on forest hydrology, but limited attempts have been made to use current hydroclimatic variabilities to constrain projections of future climatic conditions. Here we used historical wet and dry years as a proxy for expected future extreme conditions in a boreal catchment. We showed that runoff could be underestimated by at least 35% when dry year parameterizations were used for wet year conditions. Uncertainty analysis showed that behavioural parameter sets from wet and dry years separated mainly on precipitation-related parameters and to a lesser extent on parameters related to landscape processes, while uncertainties inherent in climate models (as opposed to differences in calibration or performance metrics) appeared to drive the overall uncertainty in runoff projections under dry and wet hydroclimatic conditions. Hydrologic model calibration for climate impact studies could be based on years that closely approximate anticipated conditions to better constrain uncertainty in projecting extreme conditions in boreal and temperate regions.
42.	Anderson, Leif G, 1951, et al. (författare) Export of calcium carbonate corrosive waters from the East Siberian Sea 2017 Ingår i: Biogeosciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1726-4170 .- 1726-4189. ; 14:7, s. 1811-1823 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The Siberian shelf seas are areas of extensive biogeochemical transformation of organic matter, both of marine and terrestrial origin. This in combination with brine production from sea ice formation results in a cold bottom water of relative high salinity and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO(2)). Data from the SWERUS-C3 expedition compiled on the icebreaker Oden in July to September 2014 show the distribution of such waters at the outer shelf, as well as their export into the deep central Arctic basins. Very high pCO(2) water, up to similar to 1000 mu atm, was observed associated with high nutrients and low oxygen concentrations. Consequently, this water had low saturation state with respect to calcium carbonate down to less than 0.8 for calcite and 0.5 for aragonite. Waters undersaturated in aragonite were also observed in the surface in waters at equilibrium with atmospheric CO2; however, at these conditions the cause of undersaturation was low salinity from river runoff and/or sea ice melt. The calcium carbonate corrosive water was observed all along the continental margin and well out into the deep Makarov and Canada basins at a depth from about 50 m depth in the west to about 150 m in the east. These waters of low aragonite saturation state are traced in historic data to the Canada Basin and in the waters flowing out of the Arctic Ocean north of Greenland and in the western Fram Strait, thus potentially impacting the marine life in the North Atlantic Ocean.
43.	Peacock, Mike, et al. (författare) Spatial and Seasonal Variations in Dissolved Methane Across a Large Lake 2023 Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 2169-8953 .- 2169-8961. ; 128:8 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Lakes process large volumes of organic carbon (OC), are important sources of methane (CH4), and contribute to climatic warming. However, there is a lack of data from large lakes >500 km(2), which creates uncertainty in global budgets. In this data article, we present dissolved CH4, OC bioreactivity measurements, water chemistry, and algal biovolumes at 11 stations across Lake Malaren, the third largest (1,074 km(2)) Swedish lake. Total phosphorus concentrations show that during the study period the lake was classed as mesotrophic/eutrophic. Overall mean CH4 concentration from all stations, sampled five times to cover seasonal variation, was 2.51 mu g l(-1) (0.98-5.39 mu g l(-1)). There was no significant seasonal variation although ranges were greatest during summer. Concentrations of CH4 were greatest in shallow waters close to anthropogenic nutrient sources, whilst deeper, central basins had lower concentrations. Methane correlated positively with measures of lake productivity (chlorophyll a, total phosphorus), and negatively to water depth and oxygen concentration, with oxygen emerging as the sole significant driver in a linear mixed effects model. We collated data from other lakes >500 km(2) (n = 21) and found a significant negative relationship between surface area and average CH4 concentration. Large lakes remain an understudied contributor to the global CH4 cycle and future research efforts should aim to quantify the spatial and temporal variation in their diffusive and ebullitive emissions, and associated drivers. Plain Language Summary Lakes contribute to climatic warming, because they emit large amounts of the powerful greenhouse gas methane into the atmosphere. This occurs because lake bottom sediments and lake waters are home to microbes that produce methane, which then travels diffusively in a dissolved form, or as bubbles, through the lake water and into the air. There is large uncertainty about how much methane is released by lakes on a global scale, and more measurements are required to reduce this uncertainty, particularly from very large lakes. In our study, we measured dissolved methane from 11 sampling locations across a very large Swedish lake, and repeated this five times over a year. Levels of methane within the lake were generally low, but they varied over space and time. Higher methane levels occurred in shallower waters near large towns and cities, and were associated with greater concentrations of nutrients such as phosphorus, which act as food for the methane-producing microbes.
44.	Vajda, Vivi, et al. (författare) Geochemical Fingerprints of Ginkgoales Across the Triassic-Jurassic Boundary of Greenland 2021 Ingår i: International journal of plant sciences. - Chicago : University of Chicago Press. - 1058-5893 .- 1537-5315. ; 182:7, s. 649-662 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Premise of research. Geochemical fingerprinting of fossil plants is a relatively new research field complementing morphological analyses and providing information for paleoenvironmental interpretations. Ginkgoales contains a single extant species but was diverse through the Mesozoic and is an excellent target for biochemical analyses.Methodology. Cuticles derived from fresh and fallen autumn leaves of extant Ginkgo biloba and seven fossil gink- goalean leaf taxa, one seed fern taxon, and two taxa with bennettitalean affinity were analyzed by infrared (IR) microspec- troscopy at the D7 beamline in the MAX IV synchrotron laboratory, Sweden. The fossil material derives from Triassic and Jurassic successions of Greenland. Spectral data sets were compared and evaluated by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis performed on vector-normalized, first-derivative IR absorption spectra.Pivotal results. The IR absorption spectra of the fossil leaves all reveal signatures that clearly indicate the pres- ence of organic compounds. Spectra of the extant G. biloba leaves reveal the presence of aliphatic chains, aromatic and ester carbonyl functional groups from polymer cutin and other waxy compounds, and polysaccharides. Inter- estingly, both the extant autumn leaves and the fossil specimens reveal the presence of carboxyl/ketone molecules, suggesting that chemical alterations during the initial stages of decomposition are preserved through fossilization. Two major subclusters were identified through HCA of the fossil spectra.Conclusions. Consistent chemical IR signatures, specific for each fossil taxon are present in cuticles, and suf- ficient molecular content is preserved in key regions to reflect the plants’ original chemical signatures. The alter- ations of the organic compounds are initiated as soon as the leaves are shed, with loss of proteins and increased ester and carboxyl/ketone compound production in the fallen leaves. We further show that the groupings of taxa reflect a combination of phylogeny and environmental conditions related to the end-Triassic event.
45.	Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., et al. (författare) Towards critical white ice conditions in lakes under global warming. 2022 Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The quality of lake ice is of uppermost importance for ice safety and under-ice ecology, but its temporal and spatial variability is largely unknown. Here we conducted a coordinated lake ice quality sampling campaign across the Northern Hemisphere during one of the warmest winters since 1880 and show that lake ice during 2020/2021 commonly consisted of unstable white ice, at times contributing up to 100% to the total ice thickness. We observed that white ice increased over the winter season, becoming thickest and constituting the largest proportion of the ice layer towards the end of the ice cover season when fatal winter drownings occur most often and light limits the growth and reproduction of primary producers. We attribute the dominance of white ice before ice-off to air temperatures varying around the freezing point, a condition which occurs more frequently during warmer winters. Thus, under continued global warming, the prevalence of white ice is likely to substantially increase during the critical period before ice-off, for which we adjusted commonly used equations for human ice safety and light transmittance through ice.
46.	Erlandsson, M., et al. (författare) Spatial and temporal variations of base cation release from chemical weathering on a hillslope scale 2016 Ingår i: Chemical Geology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0009-2541 .- 1872-6836. ; 441, s. 1-13 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Cation release rates to catchment runoff from chemical weathering were assessed using an integrated catchment model that included the soil's unsaturated, saturated and riparian zones. In-situ mineral dissolution rates were calculated in these zones as a function of pH, aluminum and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations along a hillslope in Northern Sweden where soil water was monitored over nine years. Three independent sets of mineral dissolution equations of varying complexity were used: PROFILE, Transition-State Theory (TST), and the Palandri & Kharaka database. Normalization of the rate-coefficients was necessary to compare the equations, as published rate-coefficients gave base cation release rates differing by several orders of magnitude. After normalizing the TST- and Palandri & Kharaka-rate coefficients to match the base cation release rates calculated from the PROFILE-equations, calculated Ca2 + and Mg2 + release rates are consistent with mass balance calculations, whereas those of Na+ and K+ are overestimated. Our calculations further indicate that a significant proportion of base cations are released from the organic soils in the near-stream zone, in part due to its finer texture. Of the three sets of rate equations, the base cation release rates calculated from the normalized TST-equations were more variable than those calculated using the other two sets of equations, both spatially and temporally, due to its higher sensitivity to pH. In contrast, the normalized Palandri & Kharaka-equations were more sensitive to variations in soil temperature.
47.	Sonesten, Lars (författare) Historisk undersökning av bottendjur - Missbildningar hos oligochaeter 2014 Ingår i: Vänern Årsskrift 2014. ; 2014:84, s. 28-33 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
48.	Podgrajsek, Eva, et al. (författare) Comparison of floating chamber and eddy covariance measurements of lake greenhouse gas fluxes 2014 Ingår i: Biogeosciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1726-4170 .- 1726-4189. ; 11, s. 4225-4233 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) from lakes may have a large impact on the magnitude of the terrestrial carbon sink. Traditionally lake fluxes have been measured using the floating chamber (FC) technique; however, several recent studies use the eddy covariance (EC) method. We present simultaneous flux measurements using both methods at lake Tämnaren in Sweden during field campaigns in 2011 and 2012. Only very few similar studies exist. For CO2 flux, the two methods agree relatively well during some periods, but deviate substantially at other times. The large discrepancies might be caused by heterogeneity of partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2w) in the EC flux footprint. The methods agree better for CH4 fluxes. It is, however, clear that short-term discontinuous FC measurements are likely to miss important high flux events.
49.	Barrientos, Natalia, 1985- (författare) Arctic Ocean benthic foraminifera preservation and Mg/Ca ratios : Implications for bottom water palaeothermometry 2018 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Reconstructions of Arctic Ocean palaeotemperatures are needed to disentangle natural variability from anthropogenic changes and understand the role of ocean heat transport in forcing or providing feedbacks on Arctic climate change. Despite known complications with calcareous microfossil preservation in Arctic Ocean sediments, calcareous benthic foraminifera can be common in interglacial sequences. However, thus far they have been underutilized in palaeoceanographic studies. This thesis explores the application of the Mg/Ca palaeothermometry proxy for reconstructing bottom water temperatures (BWT) in the Arctic Ocean during the late Quaternary. This method, which is supported by previous empirical studies demonstrating a strong temperature control on trace Mg inclusion into foraminiferal shell calcite, has been applied in many ocean regions and time intervals. Until now its application in the Arctic Ocean has been sparingly explored.The results of this doctoral thesis are based on benthic foraminifera retrieved from marine sediment cores covering a wide geographical Arctic Ocean area including both the shallow and vast continental shelves and slopes to the intermediate-to-deep waters of the Lomonosov Ridge and Morris Jesup Rise. These provide the first benthic foraminifera Mg/Ca ratios from the central Arctic Ocean region. In the first study, mechanisms that could affect Mg incorporation in Arctic benthic foraminifera are investigated using oceanographic field data and six 'live' modern Arctic species (Elphidium clavatum, Nonionella labradorica, Cassidulina neoteretis, Oridorsalis tener, Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi and Quinqueloculina arctica). The result is new species-specific Mg/Ca–BWT field calibrations that provide important constraints at the cold end of the BWT spectrum (-2 to 1°C) (Paper I). Using the new Mg/Ca–BWT equation for E. clavatum, a palaeotemperature record was generated for the late Holocene (past ca. 4100 yr) from the western Chukchi Sea. The data showed BWT fluctuations from -2 to 1°C that are interpreted as showing pulses of warmer Pacific water inflow at 500–1000 yr periods, thus revealing multi-centennial variability in heat transport into the Arctic Ocean driven by low latitude forcings (Paper II). Complications with foraminiferal calcite preservation that limit Mg/Ca palaeothermometry in the Arctic were discovered and these are tackled in two additional papers. Anomalously high Mg content in benthic foraminifera from the central Arctic Ocean is linked to diagenetic contamination as a result of the unique oceanographic, sedimentary and geochemical environment (Paper III). Lastly, the dramatic post-recovery dissolution of foraminifera from a Chukchi Shelf sediment core during core storage is investigated and attributed to acidification driven by sulphide oxidation in this organic rich and calcite poor shelf setting (Paper IV).The findings of this thesis demonstrate that benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca-palaeothermometry can be applied in the Arctic Ocean and capture small BWT change (on the order of -2 to 2°C) even at low temperatures. In practice, preservational complexities can be limiting and require special sample handling or analysis due to the high potential for diagenetic contamination in the central Arctic Ocean and rapid post coring calcite dissolution in the seasonally productive shelf seas. This Ph.D. project is a component of the multidisciplinary SWERUS-C3 (Swedish-Russian-US Arctic Ocean Climate-Cryosphere- Carbon Interactions) project that included an expedition with Swedish icebreaker Oden to the East Siberian Arctic Ocean.
50.	Ljungberg, Wilma, 1998, et al. (författare) Carbon Outwelling and Uptake Along a Tidal Glacier-Lagoon-Ocean Continuum 2024 Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR): Biogeosciences. - 2169-8953 .- 2169-8961. ; 129:e2023JG007895 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Tidewater glaciers are highly vulnerable to climate change due to warming from both atmospheric and seawater sources. Most tidewater glaciers are rapidly retreating, but little is known about how glacial melting modifies coastal biogeochemical cycles. Here, we investigate carbonate and nutrient dynamics and fluxes in an expanding proglacial tidal lagoon connected to Europe's largest glacier in Iceland (Vatnajökull). The lagoon N:P:Si ratios (2:1:30) imply a system deficient in nitrogen. The large variations in the freshwater endmembers highlighted the complexity of resolving sources and transformations. The lagoon acted as a sink of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). Floating chamber incubations revealed a CO2 uptake of 26±15mmolm−2d−1. Lagoon waters near the glacier had a 170% higher CO2 uptake than near the lagoon mouth, likely driven by primary production stimulated by nitrogen-rich bottom water upwelling. The lateral DIC and total alkalinity (TA) flux rates (outwelling) from the lagoon to the ocean were −1.5±0.1 (export to ocean) and 23±5mmolm−2d−1 (import into the lagoon) respectively. All samples were undersaturated with respect to aragonite due to glacial meltwater dilution of TA and CO2 uptake. This implies dilution of oceanic alkalinity, lowering the nearshore buffering capacity against ocean acidification.

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