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- Roll-Pettersson, Lise, et al.
(författare)
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Higher education and behavior analysis in Europe : creating a unified approach for the training of autism professionals
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Journal of Behavior Analysis. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-1149 .- 2377-729X. ; 21:1, s. 158-184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Training of behaviour analysts for autism services, has improved notably within a European higher education context. However, regional discrepancies associated with economic, health care, social services, and institutional policies magnify the importance of creating appropriate unified training and consumer protection. Although the European Association for Behaviour Analysis (EABA) has endorsed the Behavior Analyst Certification Board’s (BACB) designations, the absence of European and national regulations, recognition, and accreditation remain significant barriers to quality training and implementation. These challenges are particularly pertinent in light of BACB decision to limit certification to residents in the USA and Canada after 2022. Advances, challenges, and future directions are discussed within the context of higher education in the United Kingdom, the Czech Republic, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Norway, and Sweden. The post-Bologna European agenda for higher education, globalization and opportunities for the training of behaviour analysts within European higher education are outlined.
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- Wolrath Söderberg, Maria, 1967-
(författare)
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Topical Learning
- 2008. - 1
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Ingår i: Understanding Argumentation. - Amsterdam : Sic Sat - Rozenberg. - 9789051709025 ; , s. 127-136
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the most neglected rhetorical treasures is inventio and particularly the notion of topoi. In my opinion, these powerful devices and concepts can make a valuable contribution to current pedagogy. In education and research, invention is considered as the art of creating and finding material for speeches. The concept of topos is often presented as a more or less general question helping us find relevant arguments. But inventio and the teaching of topos can have a far wider function and significance. By reducing inventio to a phase in the production of a speech, we risk ignoring the pedagogical potential of topoi as a repertoire of cognitive, epistemological and critical tools. The purpose of this article is to outline two theoretical approaches for future research. One starting point is a topical theory of learning and the other is a topical epistemology. First, I believe that the notion of topos can contribute to our understanding of the learning process. Within the theory of topoi, an embryo to a theory of learning can be found, uniting a social-constructive understanding with a cognitive comprehension, bridging the alleged gap between imagination and rationality, and containing the essential requirements for deliberative pedagogy. Secondly, my view is that a topical perspective about learning has epistemological or rather “doxological” (Rosengren 2002) implications. Therefore, I would like to connect a topical concept of learning to a perspectivist view of knowledge. As an important benefit, this could help us cope with diversity and plurality.
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- Ringström, Rasmus, 1993
(författare)
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Singlet Fission and Exciton Coupling Design Principles for Efficient Photon Harvesting
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Extensive research efforts have been dedicated to unravelling the diverse array of processes triggered by the interaction of light with matter. Harnessing and comprehending some of these phenomena holds immense potential in humanity's transition towards renewable energy sources. At the heart of this transition lies the Sun, which provides the Earth with an abundance of energy in the form of light. In addition to generating electricity through solar cells, sunlight can also drive photochemical reactions to produce fuels such as hydrogen gas. Despite significant strides in utilizing solar energy, there remain numerous processes that are not fully understood, presenting opportunities for refinement and enhancement. This thesis embarks on an exploration of the photophysical processes of singlet fission (SF) and exciton coupling, aimed at maximizing the efficient utilization of the energy of light, particularly from the Sun. Both SF and exciton coupling rely heavily on the relative orientation and distance between the interacting molecules. Therefore, the essence of the research presented in this thesis revolves around the complex interplay between molecular structure and photophysical properties. This thesis underscores how various configurations of identical molecules can result in diverse photophysical outcomes. Furthermore, it showcases the importance of considering both the interconnectivity of molecules from a Lewis structure and optimal energy configuration standpoint, as well as their capacity to assume different conformations dynamically. SF has been explored in three systems. The initial investigation, focused on pentacene derivatives, aimed at elucidating the impact of rotational conformations in intramolecular SF systems. The second study aimed to expand the limited library of photostable, intramolecularly capable SF molecules by investigating an anthracene derivative. However, this study revealed additional processes that hindered SF efficiency, underscoring the delicate balance required between energetics, molecular interconnectivity, and solvent polarity for efficient SF. In the final SF study, strides were made towards integrating SF into dye-sensitized solar cells, utilizing a derivative of diphenylisobenzofuran integrated with semiconductor thin films. The study highlights the importance of substrate energetics and solvent polarity in dictating the dominant photophysical processes on the surface, with highly polar solvents impeding SF by stabilizing charge-separated states. In the exciton coupling related study, strategic alignment of molecular systems comprising boron dipyrromethene and anthracene in a covalent J-aggregate-like configuration demonstrated a novel method of selectively modulating the energy of the singlet excited state while leaving the triplet excited state energy unaffected. This work thus demonstrates how photophysical properties can be tuned via molecular design, with potential applications in various fields of optoelectronics.
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- Weimann, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Neighborhood environment and physical activity among young children: A cross-sectional study from Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 43:3, s. 283-293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The aims of this study were to investigate the association between the neighbourhood environment and physical activity among young children in a Scandinavian setting, and to assess the influences of seasonal variations, age, sex and parental education. Methods: Physical activity was assessed with an accelerometer and neighbourhood resources were estimated using geographic information systems for 205 Swedish children aged 4-11 years. Neighbourhood resources were generated as the sum of three neighbourhood attributes: (a) foot and bike paths, (b) non-restricted destinations and (c) recreational area, all within 300 m of each child's home. Physical activity was assessed as: (a) total volume of physical activity (i.e. counts per minute), (b) sedentary time and (c) moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The association between neighbourhood resources and physical activity was analysed using mixed linear models weighted by measurement time and adjusted for sex, age, season of activity measurement, type of housing and parental education. Results: Children were more physically active in areas with intermediate access to neighbourhood resources for physical activity compared to areas with worst access, while the difference between intermediate and best neighbourhood resource areas was less clear. The association between physical activity and neighbourhood resources was weaker than with seasonal variations but compatible in magnitude with sex, age, type of housing and parental education. Among specific neighbourhood attributes, the amount of foot and bike paths was associated with less sedentary time and more MVPA. Conclusions:This study provides some, not entirely consistent, evidence overall for an association between the neighbourhood environment and physical activity among young children in Scandinavia. © 2015 the Nordic Societies of Public Health.
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- Appelros, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Short and long term outcome of severe acute pancreatitis.
- 2001
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Ingår i: European Journal of Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1102-4151. ; 167:4, s. 281-286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Between 1985 and 1994, 883 cases of acute pancreatitis were treated in Malmö, Sweden (population 233,000). The purpose of this study was to report the short- and long-term outcome of the 79 cases that were severe, according to the Atlanta classification. DESIGN: Retrospective and follow-up study a median time of 7 years since the attack. SETTING: University hospital, Sweden. SUBJECTS: 79 patients with severe acute pancreatitis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality, cause of death, organ failure, local complications, surgical procedures, mortality since the attack, and endocrine and exocrine dysfunction. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients died from their attack. Organ failure was the predominant cause of death in the 13 patients who died during the first 10 days after admission, whereas infection was the most common cause of death in patients who died later. Mortality was low under the age of 60 and increased with age. Organ failure developed in 72 patients. Twenty-four patients developed pancreatic necrosis or abscesses and 18 patients were treated by necrosectomy and open or closed drainage. At follow-up, 13 patients had died, 2 from pancreatic carcinoma. 35 patients were included in the follow-up survey. 15 of these had diabetes and an additional 4 had impaired glucose tolerance. 9 patients had signs of severe exocrine dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high incidence of endocrine and exocrine dysfunction together with, in many patients, ongoing social problems related to chronic alcoholism several years after an attack of severe acute pancreatitis.
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