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- Karampour, Mazyar, et al.
(författare)
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Performance and control strategies analysis of a CO2 trans-critical booster system
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research paper theoretically studies the performance and control strategies of a CO2 trans-critical booster system. A computer simulation with field measurement-based inputs is used to analyse the performance of the system. Energy usage/efficiency indicators including cooling-heating loads, electricity use and COPs are presented and discussed for an entire year. Subsequently, some of the controlled parameters are varied to evaluate their significance in energy saving.According to the results, in the warm months, medium temperature cooling demand is 30-35% higher than cold months and the entire heat is rejected in the gas cooler while half of the dissipated heat is recovered in the de-superheater in cold months, following the suggested heat recovery control strategy. Considering the system as a heat pump, a high seasonal performance factor of 4 is achieved. Studying the control parameters shows that lowering the gas cooler approach temperature and increasing evaporation temperature in cabinets and freezers are the most efficient methods for energy saving.CO2 trans-critical booster system with proper control strategies can provide the entire refrigeration and heating demands with high energy efficiency in relatively cold climates.
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- Mkumbo, Elibariki Godfrey, et al.
(författare)
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Health care workers' experiences of calling-for-help when taking care of critically ill patients in hospitals in Tanzania and Kenya
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : Springer Nature. - 1472-6963. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: When caring for critically ill patients, health workers often need to 'call-for-help' to get assistance from colleagues in the hospital. Systems are required to facilitate calling-for-help and enable the timely provision of care for critically ill patients. Evidence around calling-for-help systems is mostly from high income countries and the state of calling-for-help in hospitals in Tanzania and Kenya has not been formally studied. This study aims to describe health workers' experiences about calling-for-help when taking care of critically ill patients in hospitals in Tanzania and Kenya.Methods: Ten hospitals across Kenya and Tanzania were visited and in-depth interviews conducted with 30 health workers who had experience of caring for critically ill patients. The interviews were transcribed, translated and the data thematically analyzed.Results: The study identified three thematic areas concerning the systems for calling-for-help when taking care of critically ill patients: 1) Calling-for-help structures: there is lack of functioning structures for calling-for-help; 2) Calling-for-help processes: the calling-for-help processes are innovative and improvised; and 3) Calling-for-help outcomes: the help that is provided is not as requested.Conclusion: Calling-for-help when taking care of a critically ill patient is a necessary life-saving part of care, but health workers in Tanzanian and Kenyan hospitals experience a range of significant challenges. Hospitals lack functioning structures, processes for calling-for-help are improvised and help that is provided is not as requested. These challenges likely cause delays and decrease the quality of care, potentially resulting in unnecessary mortality and morbidity.
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- Ben-Akiva, M., et al.
(författare)
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Towards Disaggregate Dynamic Travel Forecasting Models
- 2007
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Ingår i: Tsinghua Science and Technology. - 1007-0214. ; 12:2, s. 115-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The authors argue that travel forecasting models should be dynamic and disaggregate in their representation of demand, supply, and supply-demand interactions, and propose a framework for such models. The proposed framework consists of disaggregate activity-based representation of travel choices of individual motorists on the demand side integrated with disaggregate dynamic modeling of network performance, through vehicle-based traffic simulation models on the supply side. The demand model generates individual members of the population and assigns to them socioeconomic characteristics. The generated motorists maintain these characteristics when they are loaded on the network by the supply model. In an equilibrium setting, the framework lends itself to a fixed-point formulation to represent and resolve demand-supply interactions. The paper discusses some of the remaining development challenges and presents an example of an existing travel forecasting model system that incorporates many of the proposed elements.
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