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| 2. |
- Cousins, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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I nattviolens hage
- 2008
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Ingår i: Olsson, R. (red), Mångfaldsmarker. - Uppsala : Centrum för biologisk mångfald. - 9789189232297 ; , s. 9-28
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I en svensk naturbetesmark kan man hitta över 40 växtarter inom en enda kvadratmeter. Det är världsrekord. En stor del av de arter som finns i betesmarkerna förekommer inte i andra naturtyper. Idag återstår inte mer än en tiondel av den areal naturbetesmarker som fanns i Sverige för drygt 100 år sedan. Igenväxningen hotar inte bara en lång rad arter. Också stora kulturhistoriska värden och vårt vackra, variationsrika odlingslandskap står på spel. Fortsatt hävd förutsätter att det finns en levande landsbygd med bärkraftiga jordbruksföretag.
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| 3. |
- Emanuelsson, Urban, et al.
(författare)
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Naturbetesmarker i Sverige och Europa
- 2008
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Ingår i: Olsson, R. (red), Mångfaldsmarker. - Uppsala : Centrum för biologisk mångfald. - 9789189232297 ; , s. 29-37
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Emanuelsson, Urban, et al.
(författare)
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Varifrån kommer naturbetesmarkernas arter?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Olsson, R. (red), Mångfaldsmarker. - Uppsala : Centrum för biologisk mångfald. - 9789189232297 ; , s. 47-52
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Jönsson, K. Ingemar, 1959-
(författare)
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Radiation tolerance in tardigrades : evidence and implications
- 2008
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Ingår i: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A. - 1095-6433 .- 1531-4332. ; 151:Suppl. 1, s. S33-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tardigrades belong to the most desiccation-tolerant animals on Earth, and are able to lose practically all water in their cells without dying. Recent investigations have also confirmed a seminal study from 1964 showing that tardigrades have an extraordinary tolerance also to ionizing radiation. The biochemical and physiological mechanisms behind these two tolerance phenomena, and the possible functional link between them, is currently not understood. However, the finding that desiccated and non-desiccated tardigrades show similar tolerances to ionizing radiation suggests that radiation tolerance in these animals is not a physical function of the dry state. Rather, both mechanisms preventing damage and mechanisms repairing damage to cell components are likely to be involved. The possible involvement of DNA repair mechanisms in tolerances of anhydrobiotic animals make them of special interest for understanding naturally evolved adaptations for coping with environmental agents inducing damage to DNA. I will summarize our current knowledge about radiation tolerance in tardigrades and other anhydrobiotic animals, discuss some of its implications for our understanding of desiccation tolerance, and also present some recent data on radiation tolerance in tardigrade embryos.
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| 6. |
- Jönsson, K. Ingemar, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Tardigrades survive exposure to space in low earth orbit
- 2008
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Ingår i: Current Biology. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 18:17, s. R729-R731
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vacuum (imposing extreme dehydration) and solar/galactic cosmic radiation prevent survival of most organisms in space . Only anhydrobiotic organisms, which have evolved adaptations to survive more or less complete desiccation, have a potential to survive space vacuum, and few organisms can stand the unfiltered solar radiation in space. Tardigrades, commonly known as water-bears, are among the most desiccation and radiation-tolerant animals and have been shown to survive extreme levels of ionizing radiation. Here, we show that tardigrades are also able to survive space vacuum without loss in survival, and that some specimens even recovered after combined exposure to space vacuum and solar radiation. These results add the first animal to the exclusive and short list of organisms that have survived such exposure.
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| 7. |
- Magntorn, Ola, 1964-
(författare)
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Sötvattenmärlans hemlighet
- 2008
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Ingår i: Lytsy, A. (red.), Man måste tycka om dem!. - Stockholm : Skolporten. - 9789197623629 ; , s. 170-179
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Oweson, Carolina, et al.
(författare)
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A comparative study on the influence of manganese on the bactericidal response of marine invertebrates
- 2009
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Ingår i: Fish and Shellfish Immunology. - 1050-4648 .- 1095-9947. ; 27:3, s. 500-507
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Manganese, Mn, is a naturally abundant metal in marine sediments. During hypoxic conditions the metal converts into a bioavailable state and can reach levels that have been shown immunotoxic to the crustacean Nephrops norvegicus. For this species it has previously been shown that exposure to 15 mg L(-1) of Mn decreased the number of circulating haemocytes while it for the echinoderm Asterias rubens increased the number of coelomocytes. Here, we compared if five days of exposure to the same concentration of Mn affects the bactericidal capacity of these two species and the mollusc Mytilus edulis when inoculated with the bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Viable counts of the bacteria were investigated at a time-course post-injection in the blood and the digestive glands of Mn-exposed and un-exposed (controls) animals. Accumulation of Mn was also analyzed in these tissues. When exposed to Mn the haemocyte numbers were significantly reduced in M. edulis and it was shown that the bactericidal capacity was impaired in the mussels as well as in N. norvegicus. This was most obvious in the digestive glands. These two species also showed the highest accumulation of the metal. In A. rubens the bactericidal capacity was not affected and the metal concentration was similar to the exposure concentration. After a recovery period of three days the concentration of Mn was significantly reduced in all three species. However, in M. edulis and N. norvegicus it was still double that of A. rubens which could explain the remaining bactericidal suppression observed in N. norvegicus. This study pointed out that exposure to such Mn-levels that are realistic to find in nature could have effects on the whole organism level, in terms of susceptibility to infections. The effect seemed associated to the accumulated concentration of Mn which differed on species level.
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| 10. |
- Alho, Jussi S., et al.
(författare)
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Increasing melanism along a latitudinal gradient in a widespread amphibian : local adaptation, ontogenic or environmental plasticity?
- 2010
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Ingår i: BMC Evolutionary Biology. - 1471-2148 .- 1471-2148. ; 10, s. 317-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe thermal benefits of melanism in ectothermic animals are widely recognized, but relatively little is known about population differentiation in the degree of melanism along thermal gradients, and the relative contributions of genetic vs. environmental components into the level of melanism expressed. We investigated variation in the degree of melanism in the common frog (Rana temporaria; an active heliotherm thermoregulator) by comparing the degree of melanism (i) among twelve populations spanning over 1500 km long latitudinal gradient across the Scandinavian Peninsula and (ii) between two populations from latitudinal extremes subjected to larval temperature treatments in a common garden experiment.ResultsWe found that the degree of melanism increased steeply in the wild as a function of latitude. Comparison of the degree of population differentiation in melanism (PST) and neutral marker loci (FST) revealed that the PST > FST, indicating that the differences cannot be explained by random genetic drift alone. However, the latitudinal trend observed in the wild was not present in the common garden data, suggesting that the cline in nature is not attributable to direct genetic differences.ConclusionsAs straightforward local adaptation can be ruled out, the observed trend is likely to result from environment-driven phenotypic plasticity or ontogenetic plasticity coupled with population differences in age structure. In general, our results provide an example how phenotypic plasticity or even plain ontogeny can drive latitudinal clines and result in patterns perfectly matching the genetic differences expected under adaptive hypotheses.
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