| 1. |
- Bokinge, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of process decarbonisation on future targets for excess heat delivery from an industrial process plant
- 2020
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Ingår i: Eceee Industrial Summer Study Proceedings. - 2001-7987 .- 2001-7979. - 9789198387865 ; , s. 233-242
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of industrial excess heat for purposes such as district heating has the potential to contribute to societal targets for energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions reduction. However, to meet the ambitious national and international climate targets set for 2050, a breadth of different decarbonisation pathways are required, not least in the industrial sector. These include a transition to bio-based and recycled feedstock and fuels, carbon capture and storage, and electrification. Such profound changes of industrial processes and energy systems are likely to affect the availability of excess heat from these plants, and a better understanding of how the excess heat potentials might change is needed in order to utilise excess heat in ways that can be resource-efficient also in the long-term. In this paper, we present a systematic approach which can be used to analyse how different decarbonisation options may affect the potential future availability of excess heat at a specific plant site. The approach is based on the use of consistent, energy targeting methods based on pinch analysis tools, and therefore relies on comprehensive data about process heating and cooling demands. To illustrate the approach, we demonstrate results from two industrial case studies in which different decarbonisation measures are assumed to be implemented. The case studies were selected from a case study portfolio, which includes relevant and site-specific process and energy data for a large share of Swedish industrial process sites. The results show that deep decarbonisation can have significant impact on the availability and temperature profile of industrial excess heat, illustrating the importance of accounting for future process development when estimating excess heat potentials.
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| 2. |
- Marton, Sofie, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Quantifying non-energy benefits for energy-intensive industry – a case study of heat recovery measures in a Swedish oil refinery
- 2020
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Ingår i: Eceee Industrial Summer Study Proceedings. - 2001-7987 .- 2001-7979. - 9789198387865 ; , s. 199-207
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy efficiency is of great importance to reduce fuel usage and related emissions in energy-intensive industry. Since heat is used extensively in energy-intensive industry, one major option to reduce energy consumption is increased heat integration. Many energy efficiency measures are profitable based on energy cost savings alone. Furthermore, non-energy benefits may substantially strengthen the attractiveness of an energy efficiency measure and increase its priority in the decision-making process of new investment projects. Although many studies in a variety of industrial sectors have identified the importance of non-energy benefits, few have quantified their monetary value in energy-intensive industries. This paper aims to quantify the economic value of selected non-energy benefits for a few examples of heat recovery measures in an oil refinery and compare this to the energy cost reduction of the energy efficiency measures. In a previous study, heat integration retrofits were designed and discussed in an interview study with refinery engineers. In the interview study, several non-energy benefits were identified for the designed retrofit measures, which are now investigated in further detail in this paper. The non-energy benefits quantified are production increase and greenhouse gas emission reduction. Other non-energy benefits are discussed. The results show that non-energy benefits can contribute more to the cost benefits of the energy efficiency measures than the fuel cost savings. This highlights the importance of considering non-energy benefits at an early design stage when designing energy efficiency measures.
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| 3. |
- Nilsson, Lars J., et al.
(författare)
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A European industrial development policy for prosperity and zero emissions
- 2020
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Ingår i: ECEEE Industrial Summer Study : Decarbonise Industry! 2020 - Proceedings - Decarbonise Industry! 2020 - Proceedings. - 2001-7979 .- 2001-7987. - 9789198387865 ; 2020-September, s. 457-466
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this paper is to outline and discuss the key elements of an EU industrial development policy consistent with the Paris Agreement. We also assess the current EU Industrial Strategy proposal against these elements. The “well below 2 °C” target sets a clear limit for future global greenhouse gas emissions and thus strict boundaries for the development of future material demand, industrial processes and the sourcing of feedstock; industry must evolve to zero emissions or pay for expensive negative emissions elsewhere. An industrial policy for transformation to net-zero emissions must include attention to directed technological and economic structural change, the demand for emissions intensive products and services, energy and material efficiency, circular economy, electrification and other net-zero fuel switching, and carbon capture and use or storage (CCUS). It may also entail geographical relocation of key basic materials industries to regions endowed with renewable energy. In this paper we review recent trends in green industrial policy. We find that it has generally focused on promoting new green technologies (e.g., PVs, batteries, fuel cells and biorefineries) rather than on decarbonizing the emissions intensive basic materials industries, or strategies for handling the phase-out or repurposing of sunset industries (e.g., replacing fossil fuel feedstocks for chemicals). Based on knowledge about industry and potential mitigation options, and insights from economics, governance and innovation studies, we propose a framework for the purpose of developing and evaluating industrial policy for net-zero emissions. This framework recognizes the need for: directionality; innovation; creating lead markets for green materials and reshaping existing markets; building capacity for governance and change; coherence with the international climate policy regime; and finally the need for a just transition. We find the announced EU Industrial Strategy to be strong on most elements, but weak on transition governance approaches, the need for capacity building, and creating lead markets.
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| 4. |
- Singh, Navdeep, et al.
(författare)
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Utilization of industrial and agricultural by-products in blended cement mortars – creating an effort of circular economy in Indian cement industry
- 2020
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Ingår i: Eceee Industrial Summer Study Proceedings : Decarbonise Industry! 2020 - Decarbonise Industry! 2020. - 2001-7987 .- 2001-7979. - 9789198387865 ; 2020-September, s. 91-100
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- India stands in second place as a manufacturer of cement in the world, accounting for over 8 % of the worldwide mounted capacity until the end of the year 2018. It is estimated that the production of the cement will touch 550 Mt by the year 2020 and will reach more than 600 Mt by 2025. Up to the year 2015, the total emissions of CO2 from cement sector in India have touched the level of around 150 Mt in comparison to an amount of 52 Mt emitted in the year 2013. This amount of generation has been projected to increase by 9 %–10 % annually up to the year 2025. The boosting demand for construction activities results in incessant growth of the sector along with alarming environmental consequences and non-sustainability in the cement industry. Utilization of the various industrial and agricultural by-products as an alternative form of binder in the cement can reduce the perilous environmental impacts and their practice will further offer an auxiliary solution in fetching the concept of circular economy in the surging cement industry. Blended types of cement made up of industrial and agricultural by-products can successfully replace the limestone-based clinkers. The adoption of such practice could offer a significant reduction in CO2 emissions approximately by 20 %. On the other hand, the abundant generation and the efficient utilization of industrial and agricultural wastes primarily having binder qualities similar to that of cement has set up a new challenge in the construction industry. Next to a review of industrial and agricultural clinker substitutes, this contribution estimates the impact of these clinker substitutes on CO2 reduction in the Indian cement industry up to 2050.
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| 5. |
- Wiertzema, Holger, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of hybrid electric/gas steam generation for a chemical plant under future energy market scenarios
- 2020
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Ingår i: Eceee Industrial Summer Study Proceedings. - 2001-7987 .- 2001-7979. - 9789198387865 ; , s. 243-252
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hybrid electric/gas steam generation is a suitable concept to reduce CO2 emissions from existing industrial plants while at the same time being able to benefit from shifting between different varying energy carrier markets. In this study, hybrid steam generation was assessed in terms of total annualised cost for a case study chemical plant under current and future en-ergy market conditions using a linear optimisation model. The methodology accounts for hourly steam demand fluctuations as well as hourly variations of energy carrier prices. Consistent future energy market scenarios (energy carrier prices and CO2 charges) were used to assess the long-term benefits of different investment options. The optimal capacities in terms of total annualised cost of steam production for different energy market conditions were calculated by the model and used as base for three investment decisions that were further assessed in terms of running cost. The assessment considers the impact of on-site CO2 and electric grid capacity limitations. The results show that flexible hybrid steam generation is an economically robust option compared to investment in a stand-alone gas boiler. This characteristic makes hybrid steam generation a promising technology for the transition from current natural gas-based steam production to steam production from electricity and bio-methane.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Karlsson, Ida, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Roadmap for climate transition of the building and construction industry – a supply chain analysis including primary production of steel and cement
- 2020
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Ingår i: Eceee Industrial Summer Study Proceedings. - 2001-7987 .- 2001-7979. ; 2020-September, s. 67-77
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden has, in line with the Paris agreement, committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions to net-zero by 2045. Emissions arising from manufacturing, transporting and processing of construction materials to buildings and infrastructure account for approximately one fifth of Sweden’s annual CO2 emissions. This work provides a roadmap with an analysis of different pathways of technological developments in the supply chains of the buildings and construction industry, including primary production of steel and cement. By matching short-term and long-term goals with specific technology solutions, these pathways make it possible to identify key decision points and potential synergies, competing goals and lock-in effects. The analysis combines quantitative analysis methods, including scenarios and stylized models, with participatory processes involving relevant stakeholders in the assessment process. The roadmap outline material and energy flows associated with different technical and strategical choices and explores interlink-ages and interactions across sectors. The results show that it is possible to reduce CO2 emissions associated with construction of buildings and transport infrastructure by 50 % to 2030 and reach close to zero emissions by 2045, while indicating that strategic choices with respect to process technologies, energy carriers and the availability of biofuels, CCS and zero CO2 electricity may have different implications on energy use and CO2 emissions over time. The results also illustrate the importance of intensifying efforts to identify and manage both soft (organisation, knowledge sharing, competence) and hard (technology and costs) barriers and the importance of both acting now by implementing available measures (e.g. material efficiency and material/fuel substitution measures) and actively planning for long-term measures (low-CO2 steel or cement). Unlocking the full potential of the range of emission abatement measures will require not only technological innovation but also innovations in the policy arena and efforts to develop new ways of cooperating, coordinating and sharing information between actors.
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| 8. |
- Marton, Sofie, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating operability issues of heat integration for implementation in the oil refining industry
- 2016
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Ingår i: Eceee Industrial Summer Study Proceedings. - 2001-7987 .- 2001-7979. ; , s. 495-503
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heat integration is important for increasing the energy efficiency of industrial processes. However, the increased interdependencies caused by heat integration can result in process operability issues. Depending on which operability and implementation issues that are considered in retrofit of heat exchanger networks (HENs), the savings potential varies significantly. It is important to know what operability issues to consider in order to estimate reliable heat savings potentials while at the same time maximize the possibilities for implementation of heat recovery through heat integrated HENs. Although operability has been studied previously, the literature is not consistent in categorizations and definitions of the concept. No systematic and complete survey of operability perspectives of heat integration has been presented. This paper aims to map and categorize the relations between heat integration retrofit measures and potential effects on process operability in order to better understand which operability issues that are likely to have a large effect on heat savings potential and/or likeliness of implementation. A literature survey of operability research in process industry is presented to clarify the definition of operability. Previous studies define operability in different ways; in this paper these variations of definitions are compared and evaluated. One definition is proposed for the purpose of heat integration, which combines previous definitions in literature. Following this definition, operability is divided into the subcategories; Flexibility, Controllability, Startup/Shutdown and Reliability/Availability. These subcategories, and other practical implementation issues, are matched with different implications of heat integration measures commonly used for retrofit of HENs in chemical processes. The results are then presented in a schematic view and conclusions are drawn about operability aspects to consider for the retrofit of HENs.
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| 9. |
- Mossberg, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Bridging barriers for multi-party investments in energy efficiency – A real options based approach for common utility systems design and evaluation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of ECEEE industrial summer study, 2014. - 2001-7987 .- 2001-7979. ; , s. 411-422
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Total Site Analysis (TSA) is a tool for quantifying energy savings targets in large industrial process clusters. Thereafter retrofit design tools can be used to identify efficient solutions in which the different process sites exchange excess energy with each other through the site utility system, thus reducing the overall need for external fuels/energy. Compared to energy efficiency investments identified for single companies, similar investments identified for clusters hold an inherent complexity; they assume joint investments and multi-party collaboration, which often constitute a barrier for implementation. Real Options Analysis (ROA) is a tool that can be used for helping managers to evaluate different investment options. However, previous research almost exclusively concerns single companies/actors and not the increased complexity of joint investments. This paper presents a novel approach, showing how ROA can be applied not only to handle uncertainties regarding market development but also reduce complexity associated with multiparty cooperation in a joint energy efficiency investments based on TSA. The approachis applied on a case study of a joint energy efficiency retrofit investment in a Swedish chemical cluster. Using ROA, the case study shows how the identified solution can divided into “investment packages” distributed over time, allowing for an initial investment by only two actors and permitting for an evaluation of both the cooperation and the market development before expanding the investment and the number of actors involved. Further, an economic assessment of the project is presented together with an analysis of the cost/ benefit of gradually expanding the investment.
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| 10. |
- Rootzén, Johan, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Electrify everything! Challenges and opportunities associated with increased electrification of industrial processes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Eceee Industrial Summer Study Proceedings. - 2001-7987 .- 2001-7979. - 9789198387834 ; 2020-September, s. 415-424
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to assess the potential for and challenges associated with increased industrial electrification. In a carbon constrained world, as all sectors of the economy seek to lower emissions, competition for energy carriers with a low climate impact (biomass/biofuels, ‘green’ electricity and hydrogen) will grow. Thus, how integration in this case of electrified industrial processes is managed and how interlinkages and interactions between both the supply side and demand side of the electricity system is handled will be key to the overall outcome with respect to overall systems costs, total capacity needs and security of supply. Estimates of EU industry electricity demand in 2050 vary considerably. Depending on assumptions with regards to for example overall industry activity levels, choices of energy carriers and process technologies, estimates of industrial electricity demand in 2050 available in the literature vary from 1,000 to 4,430 TWh (from approximately 1000 TWh in 2020). Based on experiences from two recent research project and a review of recent literature we outline and discuss five areas which will be critical to the potential for and outcome of a move towards increased electrification of industrial processes in the European Union. We discuss how high geographical concentration of industrial loads in particular regions, in combination with significant changes on both the supply side and demand side of the electricity system (i.e. transports and residential heating) post 2030 will pose significant challenges. But also describe, how new options for process designs, production planning, optimisation and automation may provide benefits beyond CO2 emission reduction and how careful proactive planning provide opportunities for synergies.
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