| 1. |
- Abdullah, Twana, et al.
(author)
-
Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution using two different vulnerability models in Halabja-Saidsadiq Basin, Iraq
- 2020
-
In: Groundwater for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier. - 2352-801X. ; 10
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Groundwater aquifer in Halabja-Saidsadiq Basin considered as one of the most important aquifers in terms of water supplying in Kurdistan Region, NE of Iraq. The growing of economics, irrigation and agricultural activities inside the basin makes it of the main essentials to the region. Therefore, pollution of groundwater is of specific worry as groundwater resources are the principal source of water for drinking, agriculture, irrigation and industrial activities. Thus, the best and practical arrangement is to keep the pollution of groundwater through. The current study aims to evaluate of the vulnerability of groundwater aquifers of the study area. Two models were applied, to be specific VLDA and COP to develop maps of groundwater vulnerability for contamination. The VLDA model classified the area into four classes of vulnerability: low, moderate, high and very high with coverage area of (2%,44%,53% and 1%), respectively. While four vulnerability classes were accomplished dependent on COP model including very low, low, moderate and high vulnerability classes with coverage areas of (1%, 37%, 2% and 60%) respectively. To confirm the suitability of each map for assessment of groundwater vulnerability in the area, it required to be validated of the theoretical sympathetic of current hydrogeological conditions. In this study, groundwater age evaluated utilizing tritium isotopes investigation and applied it to validate the vulnerability results. Based on this validation, the outcome exhibits that the vulnerability classes acquired utilizing VLDA model are more predictable contrasted with the COP model.
|
|
| 2. |
- Abdulrazzaq, Zaidoon Taha, et al.
(author)
-
Estimation of main aquifer parameters using geoelectric measurements to select the suitable wells locations in Bahr Al-Najaf depression, Iraq
- 2020
-
In: Groundwater for Sustainable Development. - Holland : Elsevier. - 2352-801X. ; 11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aquifer parameters like hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity are extremely important for the management and development of groundwater resources. Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and 2D Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) techniques were adopted for geophysical investigation in Fadaq plantation area within Bahr Al-Najaf depression, Iraq. A total of 22 VES point distributed as a grid along six profiles in the plantation with half-current electrode spacing (AB/2) is 400 m are used to evaluate the aquifer geoelectric and hydraulic parameters, where six 2D ERI profiles were conducted and concatenated as one 2D ERI profile with a total length of 4525 m to verify the results of VES. The average formation factor of the aquifer is 22.33 with porosity and water saturation average of 22.62% and 0.59% respectively. Geoelectric and hydraulic parameters estimated values are; apparent resistivity 2.17–2.92 Ω, formation factor 6.23–31.18, porosity 17.91–40.06%, water saturation 0.18–0.85, longitudinal conductance 1.60–10.06 Ω-1, transverse resistance 3258–27200 Ωm2, hydraulic conductivity 0.62–0.68 m2/day and transmissivity 70.68–198.05 m2/day. The thickness and bulk resistivity vary between 112 and 320 m and 18–85 Ωm respectively. About 26% of the aquifer in the study area has an intermediate designation, while 73.91% of the aquifer has high designation. There is a linear relationship between transmissivity and water saturation. Based on designation, protective capacity, and groundwater supply potential VES 6C, VES 7A, VES 4C and VES 2E were recommended for new drilling sites.
|
|
| 3. |
- Al-Madhlom, Qais, et al.
(author)
-
Potential use of UTES in Babylon Governorate, Iraq
- 2020
-
In: Groundwater for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier. - 2352-801X. ; 10
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is a global attention that the future energy systems will be based on renewable energy like solar and wind. The large-scale utilization of renewables in space heating and cooling requires large Thermal Energy Storage TES to overcome the varying supply and demand. The process of producing the best Underground Thermal Energy Storage UTES system pass through two steps: first, finding the best type of UTES system, second, finding the best locations to install UTES system. Both of these two steps depend extremely on the site specific parameters such that the depth to the groundwater, transmissivity, type of soil, the depth to the bedrock, and seepage velocity. The purpose of this paper is to explain some of the site specific parameters that the type of UTES-system depends on and explain the suitable type of UTES systems. This study considers Babylon province (Iraq) as study area. This province has electricity deficiency due to Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning HVAC applications. The methodology of this study includes reviewing the literature that consider the study area, and using Arc Map/GIS to visualize some of the in-site parameters. The results indicate that the best type of UTES system for the considered region is either aquifer or pit type, due to the type of the soil and the depth to the crystalline bedrock. The hydraulic conductivity and the seepage velocity in the considered region are (0.0023–2.5) m/d and (1.3 × 10−6 – 3.45 × 10−3) m/d respectively. These conditions satisfy the standards which regard aquifer type.
|
|
| 4. |
- Khursheed, A., et al.
(author)
-
Future liasing of the lockdown during COVID-19 pandemic : The dawn is expected at hand from the darkest hour
- 2020
-
In: Groundwater for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2352-801X. ; 11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The lockdown during COVID-19 pandemic has converted the world into new experimental laboratories, which may reveal temporal or spatial comparative analysis data. However, some startling information is gathered in terms of reduced premature mortality cases associated with air and water quality improvement, enhanced e-learning on a broader platform, work from home, and successful e-health. The decline in vehicular density on roads and congestion leads to reduced energy consumption and associated greenhouse gases (GHG) and other pollutants emission. The lockdown has also been identified as a possible emergency measure to combat severe air pollution episodes. Similarly, industrial pollution has been recognized as one of the primary causes of water resource pollution and would, therefore, bring change in policy vis-à-vis groundwater pollution control. Our findings suggest that the results of successful e-learning and work from home would be a permanent shift from conventional modes in the near future due to a drastic reduction in socio-economic cost. Our critical analysis also highlights that with such temporary lockdown measures acute/chronic ill-effects of anthropogenic perturbations on planet earth can be effectively estimated through sociocultural, socioeconomical and socio-political/sociotechnological nexus.
|
|
| 5. |
- Owusu Sekyere, Enoch
(author)
-
Alleviating water shortages by decreasing water footprint in sugarcane production: The impacts of different soil mulching and irrigation systems in South Africa
- 2020
-
In: Groundwater for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-801X. ; 11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Identifying ways and practices to alleviate water scarceness is an important policy issue across sectors, particularly in the agricultural sector in arid countries. The present study examines how water scarcity can be alleviated by decreasing the water footprint of sugarcane production using different soil mulching and irrigation systems in South Africa. The study also quantifies the economic benefits of reducing blue water footprints. The MyCanesim model and water footprint assessment methodologies were employed to estimate blue and green water footprints under the different systems in the Malelane region of South Africa. The findings reveal that blue water consumption for sugarcane grown with a thick mulch cover was substantially lower than for that grown with a light mulch cover. The difference was larger for centre pivot-irrigated sugarcane than for subsurface drip-irrigated sugarcane. The blue and total (blue plus green) water footprint values for crops grown with a thick mulch cover were only marginally lower than for those grown with the light mulch cover. The blue water footprint for subsurface drip-irrigated sugarcane was 8–10 m3/t lower than for centre pivot-irrigated sugarcane due to its higher application efficiency. The economic productivity of blue water usage for subsurface drip-irrigated sugarcane was higher than for centre pivot-irrigated sugarcane crops. In addition, the economic water productivity of blue water usage for crops grown with a thick mulch cover was slightly higher (5%) than that of those grown with a light mulch cover under subsurface drip irrigation. The findings support the notion that water-use efficiency in sugarcane production can be improved and the water footprints reduced by implementing more efficient irrigation systems, by covering the soil with a thick mulch cover to limit evaporation, and by implementing effective irrigation scheduling.
|
|
| 6. |
- Seddique, A. A., et al.
(author)
-
Sources of U and Th in groundwater of the paleobeach aquifer at Cox's Bazar, Southeast Bangladesh
- 2020
-
In: Groundwater for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2352-801X. ; 10
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To explore the influence of radioactive heavy minerals on thorium (Th) and uranium (U) contamination in groundwater, we performed geochemical and mineralogical investigations of core samples (from the ground surface to 18.9 m depth) from a paleobeach area in Cox's Bazar, southeastern Bangladesh. Geochemical data document elevated levels of total Th (6.3–202.3 mg/kg, average 32.9 mg/kg) and U (1.1–33.4 mg/kg, average 5.2 mg/kg), and lithological observations document monazite concentrations as great as 2.36 wt% and zircon concentrations as great as 3.82 wt%. These minerals were found in organic-rich fine to very fine sand in the uppermost meter of the sediment column (down to 1.2 m depth) rather than in coarser sandy sediment. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy of several monazite and zircon grains indicated that alteration was greater in oxic sediment (down to 3 m depth) than reduced sediment (deeper than 3 m). Monazite and zircon had relatively high concentrations of Th (3395.9–3937.5 mg/kg and 275.5–318.4 mg/kg, respectively) and U (850.7–990.6 mg/kg and 256.3–290.5 mg/kg, respectively). Chemical weathering (dissolution and reprecipitation) of detrital monazite and zircon grains, which releases U and Th into the groundwater, may be a major and growing concern for drinking water in the study area. Shallow tubewells (<20 m depth) waters were enriched in U (0.09–9.57 μg/L) and Th (0.02–127.09 µg/L) and that the enrichment mostly occurred in highly oxic environments (Eh = 0.35–0.5 V). We suggest that hydrological and biogeochemical conditions in the aquifer that follow land-use changes influence the release of Th and U into the groundwater of the study area.
|
|
| 7. |
- Yadav, A., et al.
(author)
-
Groundwater hydrochemistry of rajnandgaon district, chhattisgarh, central india
- 2020
-
In: Groundwater for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier. - 2352-801X. ; 11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The spreading of fluorosis diseases in Central India related to high concentrations of fluoride ion (F−) is a cause of major concern. In this work, the hydrochemistry of the aquifers related to Seonath River, in Rajnandgaon district, Chhattisgarh state, India, has been studied, focusing on the presence and sources of F−. Hydrochemical parameters were analyzed in the post-monsoon season in 160 wells located in nine tehsils, finding F− concentrations ranging from 0.6 to 18.5 mg L−1. Seasonal variations were also studied in Chhuikhadan tehsil, in which the highest F− values were registered, finding a noticeable enrichment in the pre-monsoon months. In many locations of the district, F− concentrations exceeded the recommended value of 1.5 mg L−1, which have led to the appearance of several health issues. Multidimensional analysis statistical methods were adopted to investigate the sources of F−, and the mineralization of bedrock elements into the groundwater was observed to be the primary source.
|
|
