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- Cusmaru, Alexandru, et al.
(författare)
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How aware are we of our biases in testing?
- 2022
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Ingår i: 30th Eurostar software testing conference.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Unconscious biases are hard-wired behaviors that influence testers and can set them on an incorrect course of action. If we understand how these biases affect testers' everyday behavior, we can attempt to mitigate them, then develop more effective tools and strategies to help testers avoid the pitfalls of cognitive biases. But to what extent are testers aware that cognitive biases influence their work? This was the primary question we sought to answer in our research. We developed a questionnaire survey, designed to reveal the extent of software testers’ knowledge about cognitive biases, plus their awareness of the influence biases have on testing. We reached out to software professionals working in different environments and gathered valid data from approximately 60 practitioners. Our results suggest that professionals are indeed aware of biases. Specifically, they are aware of preconceptions such as confirmation bias, fixation, and convenience. In addition, optimism, ownership, and blissful ignorance were other common biases. In common with other research, we observed that people tend to identify more cognitive biases in others than in their own judgments and actions, indicating a vulnerability to bias blind spot.
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| 2. |
- Cusminsky, Gabriela, et al.
(författare)
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Late quaternary environmental changes in Patagonia as inferred from lacustrine fossil and extant ostracods
- 2011
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Ingår i: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0024-4066. ; 103:2, s. 397-408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study, we compare modern and Quaternary ostracods from two lacustrine basins: Laguna Cari-Laufquen (41 degrees S) and Lago Cardiel (49 degrees S) in Patagonia. Taxonomic and quantitative analyses along with isotopic and chemical studies of the extant ostracod fauna indicate that distinct ostracod associations can be identified as a function of conductivity. Three ostracod associations can be distinguished: (1) springs, ponds and small creeks, characterized by low conductivity (e. g. 1015 ms cm(-1)); (2) lakes and permanent ponds, characterized by medium conductivity (e. g. 1625 ms cm(-1)) and (3) ephemeral lacustrine environments, generally characterized by higher conductivity (e. g. 16 480 ms cm(-1)) These modern ostracod associations were also identified in older sequences from sediments outcropping in the Laguna Cari-Laufquen current shoreline, as well as in sediment cores from Lago Cardiel. The predominance of Limnocythere rionegroensis Cusminsky & Whatley in the Cari-Laufquen sections suggests the development of a saline and turbid lake during the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene, and thus higher precipitation at these latitudes. Changes in ostracod abundance and associations have been observed in Lago Cardiel during the last approximately 16 000 calibrated years BP. Conductivity is known to change as a function of the ratio of precipitation to evaporation and a decrease in conductivity from the Late Pleistocene to the Middle Holocene suggests substantial hydrological variations (i. e. increase of the precipitation/ evaporation ratio suggests minor conductivity). These two examples show that ostracods provide an excellent proxy for interpreting palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental changes in Patagonia. (C) 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 103, 397-408.
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| 5. |
- Cusinato, Lucy, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Structure and Composition Modification of Ultrasmall Palladium Nanoparticles upon Hydrogenation from First Principles
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 123:30, s. 18609-18619
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Palladium-based materials exhibit a high affinity for hydrogen, making them ideal candidates for hydrogen storage or hydrogen sensing applications owing to the existence of a hydride phase. From the theoretical point of view, a bulk or slab is often used to model such systems but lacks the flexibility to adapt its lattice parameter to an increased load of hydrogen. Using density functional theory, we follow the change in the structure and composition of small palladium nanoparticles upon hydrogenation. We show that a cuboctahedral nanoparticle with hydrogen in the core and on the surface is a relevant model under experimental conditions. CO and NO are then adsorbed on this nanoparticle to highlight the crucial importance of hydrogen loading when considering palladium nanomaterials for-wider sensing applications.
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| 6. |
- Cust, A. E., et al.
(författare)
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Total dietary carbohydrate, sugar, starch and fibre intakes in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5640 .- 0954-3007. ; 63:4s, s. 37-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To describe dietary carbohydrate intakes and their food sources among 27 centres in 10 countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Methods: Between 1995 and 2000, 36 034 subjects, aged between 35-74 years, were administered a standardized, 24-h dietary recall using a computerized interview software programme (EPIC-SOFT). Intakes (g/day) of total carbohydrate, sugars, starch and fibre were estimated using the standardized EPIC Nutrient Database (ENDB). Mean intakes were adjusted for age, total energy intake, height and weight, and were weighted by season and day of recall. Results: Adjusted mean total carbohydrate intakes were highest in Italy and in the UK health-conscious cohort, and were lowest in Spain, Greece and France. Total fibre intakes were highest in the UK health-conscious cohort and lowest in Sweden and the UK general population. Bread contributed the highest proportion of carbohydrates (mainly starches) in every centre. Fruit consumption contributed a greater proportion of total carbohydrates (mainly sugars) among women than among men, and in southern centres compared with northern centres. Bread, fruits and vegetables represented the largest sources of fibre, but food sources varied considerably between centres. In stratified analyses, carbohydrate intakes tended to be higher among subjects who were physically active, never-smokers or non-drinkers of alcohol. Conclusions: Dietary carbohydrate intakes and in particular their food sources varied considerably between these 10 European countries. Intakes also varied according to gender and lifestyle factors. These data will form the basis for future aetiological analyses of the role of dietary carbohydrates in influencing health and disease. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2009) 63, S37-S60; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2009.74
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| 7. |
- Custodio, TF, et al.
(författare)
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Selection, biophysical and structural analysis of synthetic nanobodies that effectively neutralize SARS-CoV-2
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1, s. 5588-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Therapeutic neutralizing antibodies constitute a key short-to-medium term approach to tackle COVID-19. However, traditional antibody production is hampered by long development times and costly production. Here, we report the rapid isolation and characterization of nanobodies from a synthetic library, known as sybodies (Sb), that target the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Several binders with low nanomolar affinities and efficient neutralization activity were identified of which Sb23 displayed high affinity and neutralized pseudovirus with an IC50 of 0.6 µg/ml. A cryo-EM structure of the spike bound to Sb23 showed that Sb23 binds competitively in the ACE2 binding site. Furthermore, the cryo-EM reconstruction revealed an unusual conformation of the spike where two RBDs are in the ‘up’ ACE2-binding conformation. The combined approach represents an alternative, fast workflow to select binders with neutralizing activity against newly emerging viruses.
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