| 1. |
- Samuelsson, Annika, 1964-, et al.
(author)
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Disturbed intestinal microbiota (dysbiosis) and micro dynamics in patients treated for appendicitis and diverticulitis
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Introduction: The human gut microbiota is a large dynamic bacterial community, which is influenced by for instance antibiotic treatment and hospitalization. In patients with inflammatory bowel disease the diversity of gut microbiota is thought to be less diverse. The role of the gut microbiota in acute appendicitis and diverticulitis is still unclear. To investigate the microbial diversity in patients suffering from appendicitis or diverticulitis, and the microbiota dynamics after antibiotic therapy and hospitalization we performed an open observation study.Methods and population: We have performed 16S rRNA sequence analysis on 42 individuals diagnosed with appendicitis and 18 individuals with diverticulitis as well as 33 healthy controls. Cultivation of the aerobic bacterial flora was performed as a complement to sequence analysis.Results: In sequencing data at genus level, there are distinctive differences when comparing healthy controls to patients diagnosed with appendicitis. Healthy controls have a flora dominated by Bacteroides, and Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus and Prevotella while appendicitis patients show an intestinal flora with a higher abundance of Escherichia/Shigella and unclassified Enterobacteriaceae. The same pattern, however not quite as distinct could be seen for the diverticulitis patients. The microbial diversity increases after treatment with antibiotics and hospitalization.In the cultivated aerobic flora there was a significant loss of Escherichia coli and a significant gain of Citrobacter species, in the appendicitis group. In the appendicitis group as well as in the diverticulitis group there was a significant gain of Enterococcus faecium and Yeasts.Conclusion: The main findings of this study are that patients arriving at the emergency department with acute appendicitis or diverticulitis have an already significant disturbed fecal microbiota previous to antibiotic treatment and hospitalization.
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| 2. |
- Bodemar, Annika, et al.
(author)
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Doomed to fail? : A study of how junior managers at a major sport event cope with leadership issues
- 2020
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In: International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1475-8962 .- 1740-2808. ; 20:3/4, s. 271-288
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The organising committee at the 2012 World Snowboarding Championships in Oslo experienced major problems such as uncertainty among the junior managers and general chaos. Despite this, in external communications, the event was declared to be a success. This article draws on the works of Parent and Seguin (2007) and Parent et al. (2009) to examine the key leadership and organisational factors that contributed to these problems. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the junior managers coped with uncertainty and solved problems. This study is based on semi-structured interviews, documents, and participant observations. The findings show that a variety of mechanisms caused uncertainty, including some factors that predicted the event's failure. Although the existing literature is focused on explaining events' success or lack thereof via leadership, this case provides an opportunity to understand how an event can succeed despite the presence of factors that typically lead to failure.
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| 3. |
- Bodemar, Annika, et al.
(author)
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Doomed to fail? A study of how junior managers at a major sport event cope with leadership issues
- 2018
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In: ISSA 2018 Book of Abstracts. - Lausanne : Institut des sciences du sport de l'Université de Lausanne. ; , s. 15-15
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Due to lack of leadership combined with occasional and haphazard top-level management, the 2012 Oslo World Snowboard Championships (WSC) were faced with wicked and critical problems (Grint, 2005) resulting in uncertainty and chaos. Simultaneously, the event was declared a success externally. This paper draws on the works of Parent and Seguin (2007) pinpointing organizational shortcomings resulting in event failure, and Parent, Beaupre and Seguin (2009) examining key-leadership factors leading to event success. It does so with the purpose of examining how junior middle managers cope with uncertainty and solve problems, possibly contributing to an external impression of a successful event. The study is based on data from semi-structured interviews (17), documents, participant-observations pre, during and post WSC. Findings show how there is variety of mechanisms between organizational levels causing uncertainty, including all factors leading to event failure pinpointed by Parent and Seguin (2007). While existing event and project management literature use leadership to explain why events succeed or not, this case provides us with an opportunity to understand how an event can succeed despite displaying factors allegedly leading to event failure. In addition, it provides an identification of additional factors for event success. By that, this study contributes to the understanding of factors leading to event success and failure of sport events, but also adds to a broader discussion on what constitutes event success in the first place.
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| 4. |
- Johansson, Annika, 1967-
(author)
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Deciding who is the best : Validity issues in selections and judgements in elite sport
- 2010
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis is about selection processes and processes of measuring and judging athletes in competitions in top-level sport. The purpose was to increase the knowledge of these processes and to analyse them from a validity perspective in order to contribute to the discussion of whether the “right” athletes are selected to participate in teams, competitions and games and whether the “right” athletes win. The rule and judging systems were investigated in the judged sports acroski and rhythmic gymnastics. Information was gathered through individual interviews with two judges, two coaches, and four elite athletes from each of the sports, and in addition to this the respective sport’s rule systems, judging manuals, meeting protocols and historical documents were studied. Selections to top-level sport teams were investigated by individual interviews with 14 top-level coaches (selectors) from the national league in soccer and a national team and from national teams in alpine skiing. The results from the judging study showed that both studied sports had undergone major changes in their rule and judging regulations, changes that had a considerable impact on the sports and the judgements. The level of definition of the rules and regulations was raised to increase the opportunities for clear and reliable judgements, but this became problematic for the overall validity of the judgements. The reason for this was that the new rules and regulations did not clearly correspond to the original idea of the sport, since the specified and detailed regulations lead to less originality and freedom in the performances. In the selection study, the results pointed to great differences in how precisely defined the selection criteria were among the teams. The selectors stated that well-defined selection criteria or grounds could be helpful in many ways, but they also emphasised how important it was for them that some parts of the selections were based on their subjective valuations of the athletes. Quite a few coaches from both sports argued that they would choose an athlete with good behaviour and favourable personality over an athlete with better sports skills, if they had an opportunity to do that depending on the selection system that was used. Overall, this research displays how validity issues connected to the selection and judging criteria and these processes might affect the outcome of the processes. It is notable that high reliability is in the main focus of the measuring and judging processes, while considerably vaguer and more subjective assessments are considered important in the selection process. The thesis points to the importance of discussing and understanding the consequences of rules, rule changes, selection and judging criteria as well as how these processes are performed, if the desired outcomes and consequences of the selection and judging processes are to be reached.
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| 5. |
- Johansson, Annika, et al.
(author)
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Simply the best, better than all the rest? : Validity issues in selections in elite sport
- 2017
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In: International journal of sports science & coaching. - : Sage Publications. - 1747-9541 .- 2048-397X. ; 12:4, s. 470-480
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Selecting the ‘right’ athletes to competitions and games is crucial in eventually deciding winners and champions. Thus, thepurpose of this study was to discuss selections to top-level sport teams using validity concepts as theoretical points ofdeparture. Drawing on data from 14 semi-structured interviews with elite coaches (selectors) in football (n¼8) andalpine skiing (n¼6), this article adds to the knowledge on rationales behind selection decisions in elite sport, howselections are performed and with what consequences. Results point to several key validity concerns in selectionprocesses such as the (non) use of explicit selection criteria, lack of structure in selection processes and coaches’giving way to gut feelings and their ‘eyes for the sport‘ instead of utilizing various selection aids at hand.
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| 6. |
- Normann, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Intestinal microbial profiles in extremely preterm infants with and without necrotizing enterocolitis
- 2013
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In: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 102:2, s. 129-136
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) represents one of the gravest complications in premature infants. The suggested role of intestinal microbiota in the development of NEC needs to be elucidated. Methods This prospective single-centre casecontrol study applied barcoded pyrosequencing to map the bacterial composition of faecal samples from extremely preterm infants. Ten patients were diagnosed with NEC and matched to healthy controls with regard to sex, gestational age and mode of delivery prior to analysis of the samples. Results Enterococcus, Bacillales and Enterobacteriaceae dominated the flora. Although not statistically significant, a high relative abundance of Bacillales and Enterobacteriaceae was detected at early time points in patients developing NEC, while healthy controls had a microbiota more dominated by Enterococcus. A low diversity of intestinal microbial flora was found without any differences between NEC patients and controls. In 16 healthy controls, Firmicutes (Enterococcus and Bacillales) dominated the faecal flora during the first weeks after birth and were then succeeded by Enterobacteriaceae. Conclusion No significant differences in the composition of intestinal microbiota of patients developing NEC were detected; however, some findings need to be scrutinized in subsequent studies.
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