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- Hollenberg, Jacob
(författare)
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Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest : a study on factors associated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation, early defibrillation and survival
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cardiac disease is the most common cause of mortality in the Western World and the majority of these cardiac deaths is due to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). In Sweden, an estimated 5,000-10,000 people suffer an OHCA annually. The objective of this thesis is to study patient characteristics and survival in patients with OHCA, to explore the importance of pre-hospital factors and in-hospital factors and to investigate the benefits of an early defibrillation program. Methods and results: Most data in this thesis are based on patient material collected by the Swedish Cardiac Arrest Register. Other data come from case records from patients admitted alive and time measurements from the emergency dispatch centre and defibrillators. In Study I, 969 cases of OHCA in Stockholm and 398 cases of OHCA in Göteborg between January 2000 and June 2001 were compared. The two groups were similar in terms of age, gender and various factors at resuscitation. All pre-hospital time intervals were longer in Stockholm and the proportion of patients found in ventricular fibrillation (VF) was 18% compared to 31% in Göteborg (p<0.0001). 1-month survival was significantly lower in Stockholm (2.5% vs. 6.8%; p<0.001). To evaluate the relative roles of pre-hospital and in-hospital factors, 1,542 OHCA in Stockholm and 546 in Göteborg between January 2000 and June 2002 were investigated in Study II. Survival after OHCA was again lower in Stockholm (3.3% vs. 6.1%; p=0.01). Significantly longer time intervals and a lower proportion of VF OHCA were found in Stockholm compared to Göteborg. Patient demography, medical history, in-hospital investigations and interventions as well as in-hospital mortality (78% in Göteborg, 80% in Stockholm) did not differ between the two groups. To describe temporal trends in 1-month survival after OHCA in Sweden, 38,646 patients between 1992-2005 were investigated in Study III. The proportion of patients surviving to hospital admission increased from 15.3% in 1992 to 21.7% in 2005 (p for trend<0.0001). The corresponding figures for patients being alive after 1 month were 4.8% and 7.3% (p for trend<0.0001). Factors related to the improved survival were an increase in crew-witnessed cases from 9% in 1992 to 15% in 2005 (p for trend <0.0001) and, to a lesser degree, more frequent bystander CPR which rose from 31% in 1992 to 50% in 2005 (p for trend <0.0001). In Study IV, specially trained fire-fighters equipped with automated external defibrillators were dispatched in addition to traditional medical responders to suspected cases of OHCA in Stockholm from December 2005 to December 2006. 863 OHCA patients were enrolled during the intervention and 657 OHCA from 2004 served as historical controls. Among dual dispatches, fire-fighters assisted with CPR in 94% of cases and arrived first on scene in 36% of cases. The median time from call to arrival of first responder decreased from 7.5 to 7.1 minutes (p=0.004). 1-month survival rose from 4.4% to 6.8% (p=0.047; adjusted OR: 1.6; 95% C.I: 0.9-2.9). 1-month survival among witnessed cases of OHCA rose from 5.7% to 9.7% (p=0.029; adjusted OR: 2.0; 95% C.I: 1.1-3.7). Conclusions: Survival after OHCA was significantly lower in Stockholm than in Göteborg during 2000-2002 and this difference was associated with pre-hospital factors only rather than with in-hospital factors or patient characteristics. Survival after OHCA in Sweden increased significantly from 1992 to 2005. The increase was particularly marked among patients found with a shockable rhythm and is associated with an increase in the proportion of crew-witnessed cases and, to a lesser degree, an increase in bystander CPR. A dual dispatch early defibrillation program in Stockholm has decreased response times and is likely to have improved survival in patients with OHCA. This increase in survival is believed to be associated with improved CPR and shortened time intervals.
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- Hua, Jiaqi, et al.
(författare)
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A zero-shot prediction method based on causal inference under non-stationary manufacturing environments for complex manufacturing systems
- 2022
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Ingår i: Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0736-5845 .- 1879-2537. ; 77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The state prediction of key components in manufacturing processes plays an important role in intelligent manufacturing, as it could improve the production quality, efficiency and reduce costs. Data-driven methods could learn well-performed prediction models from large volume of data. However, in complex manufacturing systems, the lack of prior knowledge limits the performance of prediction models, where the manufacturing environments changes continuously. In order to address this issue, this paper proposed a zero-shot prediction method for complex manufacturing systems based on causal inference. A deep convolutional neural network and a causal representation model are jointly optimized to extract invariant causal signal features, which can be generalized to non-stationary manufacturing environments without any new data. The experiment of tool wear prediction under non-stationary working conditions is carried out as a research example. The proposed method is verified with the open dataset on tool wear prediction, and experimental results show that the prediction accuracy could be obviously improved over existing methods.
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Memory practices and learning. Interactional, institutional and sociocultural perspectives.
- 2017
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Memory and learning are seen as mental phenomena and generally studied as brain processes, for example, within various branches of psychology and neuroscience. This book represents a rather different tack, based on sociocultural theory, cultural psychology and dialogism. Authors from many different disciplines and countries study memory and learning as practices adopted by people in different interactional and institutional contexts. Studies range from detailed analyses of situated activities to broad sociohistorical studies of cultural phenomena and collective memories such as national narratives and physical symbols for commemorating events and traditions. By focusing on how people engage in remembering and learning, this book provides a necessary complement to currently popular neuroscientific approaches.
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- Ojwang, Dickson O., et al.
(författare)
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Structure Characterization and Properties of K-Containing Copper Hexacyanoferrate
- 2016
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Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 55:12, s. 5924-5934
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Copper hexacyanoferrate, Cu-II[Fe-III(CN)(6)](2/3)center dot nH(2)O, was synthesized, and varied amounts of IC ions were inserted via reduction by K2S2O3 (aq). Ideally, the reaction can be written as Cu-II[Fe-III(CN)(6)](2/3)-nH(2)O + 2x/3K(+) + 2x/3e(-)K(+) <-> K-2x/3 Cu-II[Fe-x(II).Fe-1-x(II),(CN)(6)](2/3)-nH(2)O. Infrared, Raman, and Mossbauer spectroscopy studies show that Fe-II is continuously reduced to Fell with increasing x, accompanied by a decrease of the a-axis of the cubic Fn (3) over barm unit cell. Elemental analysis of K by inductively coupled plasma shows that the insertion only begins when a significant fraction similar to 10% of the Fe-III, has already been reduced. Thermogravimetric analysis shows a fast exchange of water with ambient atmosphere and a total weight loss of similar to 26 wt % upon heating to 180 degrees C, above which the structure starts to decompose. The crystal structures of Cu-III[Fe-III(CN)(6)](2/3)center dot nH(2)O and K2/3Cu[Fe(CN)(6)](2/3)center dot nH(2)O were refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data. In both, one-third of the Fe(CN)(6) groups are vacant, and the octahedron around Cull is completed by water molecules. In the two structures, difference Fourier maps reveal three additional zeolitic water sites (8c, 32f, and 48g) in the center of the cavities formed by the-Cu-N-C-Fe- framework. The K-containing compound shows an increased electron density at two of these sites (32f and 48g), indicating them to be the preferred positions for the K+ ions.
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- Qi, Hongsheng, et al.
(författare)
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Distributed Algorithms for Boolean Equations Over Networks
- 2023
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9286 .- 1558-2523. ; 68:11, s. 6589-6604
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we study systems of Boolean equations over a network, where each node in the network possesses only one Boolean equation from the system. The Boolean equation assigned at any particular node is a private equation known to this node only, and the aim of this article is to develop distributed algorithms that allow all the nodes to obtain solutions to the network Boolean equations without exchanging their local Boolean equations. First, we observe that the Boolean equations can be locally lifted to a system of linear algebraic equations under a basis of Boolean vectors, which is distributedly solvable using existing distributed linear equation algorithms as a subroutine. Next, we construct a distributed Boolean equation solver by the nodes solving the lifted linear network equation for a number of randomly selected initial values, and then converting the algebraic solutions into solutions to the original Boolean equations by a novel Boolean vector search algorithm. We prove that for solvable Boolean equations, when the initial values of the nodes for the distributed linear equation solving step are independent identically distributed selected according to a uniform distribution in a high-dimensional cube, such an algorithm returns the exact solution set of the Boolean equations at each node with high probability. We also present an algorithm for distributed verification of the satisfiability of Boolean equations when the solvability is not known beforehand, and prove its correctness. Finally, we show that by utilizing linear equation solvers with differential privacy to replace the in-network computing routines, the distributed Boolean equation algorithms can be made differentially private
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