| 1. |
- Andersson, Maria, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Oral care quality - do humanity aspects matter? : Nursing staff and older people's perspectives
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nursing Open. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2054-1058. ; 7:3, s. 857-868
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim (a) To describe and compare perceptions of humanity aspects of oral care quality in relation to nursing staff in short-term care units and intensive care units and older people in short-term care units and their person-related conditions; and (b) to compare humanity aspects of oral care quality perceptions between nursing staff and older people in short-term care units. Design Cross-sectional study. Self-reported questionnaire and clinical assessments. Methods Nursing staff (N = 417) and older people (N = 74) completed the modified Quality of Care from a Patient Perspective instrument and person-related items. Older people's oral health status was clinically assessed using the Revised Oral Assessment Guide. Data were analysed using descriptive and analytic statistics. The data were collected from 2013-2016. Results Nursing staff's perceptions of humanity aspects of oral care quality were related to gender, work role and care environment. Older people's perceptions of humanity aspects of oral care quality were related to self-reported physical health. Nursing staff in short-term care units perceived the subjective importance of humanity aspects of oral care quality higher compared with older people in short-term care units.
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| 2. |
- Bengtsson, Simon
(författare)
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Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates in biological treatment of industrial wastewaters
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In search of more environmentally friendly polymer materials, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have been considered as promising candidates. PHAs exhibit a broad range of material properties, can be produced from renewable resources and are completely biodegradable. Nevertheless, high production costs associated with traditional PHA production based on fermentation by pure microbial cultures have so far limited broad application of these polymers. Therefore, alternative production strategies have been proposed based on the use of open mixed cultures that are selectively enriched by the imposed operating conditions. This does not require sterile conditions and allows for acclimation to various complex waste substrates leading to potential economic and environmental advantages. In this study, a process was developed for production of PHA by mixed cultures (activated sludge) treating industrial wastewaters allowing for PHA as a by-product from the wastewater treatment process. The process comprised of three stages, namely (1) anaerobic acidogenic fermentation to convert various organic matter into volatile fatty acids (VFA), which are preferred substrates for PHA production, (2) enrichment of PHA producing organisms while treating the wastewater under process conditions that were dynamic with respect to either carbon substrate or oxygen and (3) accumulation of PHA from the fermented effluent in the enriched biomass. Lab-scale experiments were conducted in which the process was optimized with respect to polymer productivity (PHA fraction of the biomass, PHA yield over substrate and rate of PHA production) utilizing different wastewaters (pulp/paper mill effluents, cheese whey and sugar cane molasses). Two different strategies for biomass enrichment, namely alternating high and low organic loading under aerobic conditions (feast and famine) versus alternating anaerobic-aerobic conditions, were evaluated and compared. Furthermore, strategies for the control of PHA monomer composition were developed. A paper mill effluent was treated with high (95 %) removal of organic matter (chemical oxygen demand) under feast and famine conditions with production of biomass containing up to 48 % of polymer. PHA was produced containing 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 61 mol % 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) with a yield of 0.66 C-mol PHA per C-mol VFA. By controlling the chemostat retention time (8-95 h) and pH (3.5-6) during acidogenic fermentation of the paper mill effluent and cheese whey, the composition of produced VFAs (mainly acetate, propionate and butyrate) was affected in such a way that the anticipated ratios between 3HB and 3HV would be affected in a broad range (23-100 mol-% 3HV). Alternating anaerobic-aerobic conditions resulted in the enrichment of glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) both with the paper mill effluent and fermented sugar cane molasses as substrate. As determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization, these cultures were dominated by Candidatus Competibacter phosphatis and organisms related to Defluviicoccus vanus. For GAOs treating the paper mill effluent, similar results with respect to PHA biomass content and yield were obtained as with the feast and famine enrichment strategy. For the first time, an open mixed culture was observed to produce PHA containing a medium chain length monomer. This culture was enriched in GAOs using molasses as substrate and exhibited a long-term drift towards production of increased amounts of 3-hydroxyhexanoate, up to 31 mol-% of the PHA. This suggests a broadening of the spectrum of biopolymers that can be produced from fermented waste by open mixed cultures. In order to optimize PHA accumulation in GAOs, the aerobic metabolism of GAOs in presence of VFAs was investigated. It was found that the fate of glycogen was highly dependent on the type of VFA being consumed. With the fermented molasses VFA mixture or synthetic acetate as substrate, glycogen was consumed which was not the case with propionate, butyrate or valerate as substrates. Polymers produced by GAOs were found to have weight average molecular weights between 350 000 and 900 000 g/mol and narrow weight distributions (polydispersity indexes around 2) despite the presence of a mixture of microorganisms. The melting temperature (89°C to 174°C) and melting enthalpy (0 to 82.1 J/g) were controlled in broad ranges by the monomer composition. Decomposition temperatures were between 277.2°C and 294.9°C and independent of monomer composition. Overall, production of PHA as a by-product in biological treatment of industrial wastewaters is feasible. Production of PHA from real wastes can be obtained with high yields and rates using open mixed cultures enriched under either feast and famine conditions or alternating anaerobic-aerobic conditions. Composition of the PHA produced from a wastewater can be affected both by acidogenic pretreatment conditions, which controls the VFA product distribution, and by the enrichment strategy.
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| 3. |
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| 5. |
- Bonnay, Dennis, et al.
(författare)
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Invariance and Definability, with and without Equality
- 2018
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Ingår i: Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic. - : Duke University Press. - 0029-4527. ; 59:1, s. 109-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dual character of invariance under transformations and definability by some operations has been used in classical works by, for example, Galois and Klein. Following Tarski, philosophers of logic have claimed that logical notions themselves could be characterized in terms of invariance. In this article, we generalize a correspondence due to Krasner between invariance under groups of permutations and definability in L∞∞L∞∞ so as to cover the cases (quantifiers, logics without equality) that are of interest in the logicality debates, getting McGee’s theorem about quantifiers invariant under all permutations and definability in pure L∞∞L∞∞ as a particular case. We also prove some optimality results along the way, regarding the kinds of relations which are needed so that every subgroup of the full permutation group is characterizable as a group of automorphisms.
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| 6. |
- Brolinson, Per-Erik
(författare)
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Gluck och musikens "sanna uppgift"
- 1998
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Ingår i: Program / Drottningholms slottsteater. ; , s. 82-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 7. |
- Dyczynski, Matheus
(författare)
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The role of autophagy in anticancer therapy
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Autophagy is a fundamental catabolic process, which is utilized by nearly every cell and tissue type upon stress exposure and has been shown to contribute to resistance to chemotherapy in a variety of cancers. The subject of this thesis is to shed light on the role of autophagy in chemotherapy and to investigate novel regulators of autophagy. Multiple clinical trials have been started in order to overcome resistance to standard therapy by combining it with lysosomal inhibitor hydroxychloroquine, yet with limited success. This drug has been shown to have poor cell uptake properties in solid tumors due to tumor acidosis. In paper I we found that the compound Salinomycin is a potent autophagy inhibitor in multiple cancer cell lines, especially under acidic conditions. Salinomycin was able to penetrate the acidic core of multicellular spheroids and decrease cell viability and clonogenic survival of colorectal cancer cells. We also show that Salinomycin efficiently blocked autophagic flux in breast cancer cells. In particular, cancer stem cells derived from cell lines or primary breast cancer tumors showed reduced viability and reduced capability to form mammospheres under Salinomycin treatment. Using mass spectrometry, we could confirm pH-dependent intracellular accumulation of Salinomycin. This data proves the potency of Salinomycin as an anti-cancer drug with capacities to modulate autophagy in the acidic tumor microenvironment. Part of the standard treatment regimen of pediatric patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) are glucocorticoids (GC). This metabolic hormone is effective in inducing cell death in ALL cells. GC mediated inhibition of glucose uptake and upregulation of catabolic processes such as autophagy have previously been reported. In paper II we addressed in detail what metabolic changes occur upon GC treatment in ALL cell lines by parallel time-course proteomics, metabolomics and isotope tracing, and by confirming selected findings by cross-referencing with publicly available microarray data and experimentally by qRT-PCR. Our findings confirmed the onset of growth arrest, autophagy and apoptosis. Not only glucose but also glutamine entry into the Citric-Acid-Cycle was inhibited contrasting the upregulation of glutamine-ammonia-ligase (GLUL) expression suggesting the induction of glutamine synthesis. Potentiating the GLUL-mediated reaction rescued cell viability and reduced autophagic flux suggesting that GLUL induction and glutamine synthesis are relevant for the autophagy induction and sensitivity of ALL cells to GCs. This data provides a comprehensive overview of metabolic changes in ALL cells upon GCs' treatment and may shed light on the mechanism of GC-induced cell death in ALL cells. In paper III we used high-content microscopy to screen the FIMM drug library consisting of 306 anticancer drugs and identified 104 autophagy modulators, of which 16 showed cell death potentiation upon siRNA mediated knock-down of ATG7 (autophagy-related protein 7) and VPS34 (vacuolar protein sorting 34), key regulators of autophagy. We validated the hits in 2 breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB231 and MCF7, and continued to characterize two of the hits, Erlotinib and Sunitinib, in detail. The collaboration with Sprint Bioscience led to the development of SB02024, a specific inhibitor of the VPS34 kinase. We showed that SB02024 could block autophagy in vitro and in in vivo xenograft mouse models. Combination of SB02024 with Sunitinib and Erlotinib increased cytotoxicity by these drugs in either 2D cell culture, colony formation assays, or, in case of Sunitinib, in cells grown in 3D as multicellular spheroids. This data further strengthens the notion that using VPS34 inhibitors in combination with targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor-based therapy, and particularly Sunitinib, can overcome resistance and emphasizes their value in cancer treatment. RAS protein activator like 2 (RASAL2) is a known tumor-suppressor regulating members of the RAS-family of oncoproteins. In paper IV we describe for the first time a role for RASAL2 in the induction of autophagy. We found that autophagy induction via pharmaceutical mTOR inhibition or amino acid-starvation increased RASAL2 transcription. Furthermore, RASAL2 protein levels were regulated by autophagy-dependent protein degradation. Thus, in the starved cells, RASAL2 mRNA levels were induced while protein levels declined. Also, depletion of autophagy-related protein 7 (ATG7) that impaired autophagy process resulted in a striking increase in RASAL2 protein levels. RNAi-mediated knockdown of RASAL2 inhibited LC3-II accumulation or GFP-LC3 puncta formation. In silico analysis of RASAL2 revealed two potential LC3 interacting region motifs (LIR), which could point to an interaction between these two proteins. These data suggest that RASAL2 is involved in autophagy and is regulated by autophagy in a negative feedback manner.
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| 9. |
- Gelfgren, Stefan, 1971-
(författare)
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Participatory Media throughout History
- 2012
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Ingår i: Human IT. - Borås : Högskolan i Borås. - 1402-1501 .- 1402-151X. ; 11:3, s. 83-87
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Recension (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Giselsson, Olof, 1986
(författare)
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q-Independence of the Jimbo-Drinfeld Quantization
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications in Mathematical Physics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0916 .- 0010-3616. ; 376:3, s. 1737-1765
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Let Gbe a connected semi-simple compact Lie group and for 0
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