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| 2. |
- Fioretos, Thoas, et al.
(författare)
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Isochromosome 17q in blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia and in other hematologic malignancies is the result of clustered breakpoints in 17p11 and is not associated with coding TP53 mutations
- 1999
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Ingår i: Blood. - 1528-0020. ; 94:1, s. 225-232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An isochromosome of the long arm of chromosome 17, i(17q), is the most frequent genetic abnormality observed during the disease progression of Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and has been described as the sole anomaly in various other hematologic malignancies. The i(17q) hence plays a presumably important pathogenetic role both in leukemia development and progression. This notwithstanding, the molecular consequences of this abnormality have not been investigated in detail. We have analyzed 21 hematologic malignancies (8 CML in blast crisis, 8 myelodysplastic syndromes [MDS], 2 acute myeloid leukemias, 2 chronic lymphocytic leukemias, and 1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia) with i(17q) by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Using a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) contig, derived from the short arm of chromosome 17, all cases were shown to have a breakpoint in 17p. In 12 cases, the breaks occurred within the Smith-Magenis Syndrome (SMS) common deletion region in 17p11, a gene-rich region which is genetically unstable. In 10 of these 12 cases, we were able to further map the breakpoints to specific markers localized within a single YAC clone. Six other cases showed breakpoints located proximally to the SMS common deletion region, but still within 17p11, and yet another case had a breakpoint distal to this region. Furthermore, using chromosome 17 centromere-specific probes, it could be shown that the majority of the i(17q) chromosomes (11 of 15 investigated cases) were dicentric, ie, they contained two centromeres, strongly suggesting that i(17q) is formed through an intrachromosomal recombination event, and also implicating that the i(17q), in a formal sense, should be designated idic(17)(p11). Because i(17q) formation results in loss of 17p material, potentially uncovering the effect of a tumor suppressor on the remaining 17p, the occurrence of TP53 mutations was studied in 17 cases by sequencing the entire coding region. In 16 cases, no TP53 mutations were found, whereas one MDS displayed a homozygous deletion of TP53. Thus, our data suggest that there is no association between i(17q) and coding TP53 mutations, and that another tumor suppressor gene(s), located in proximity of the SMS common deletion region, or in a more distal location, is of pathogenetic importance in i(17q)-associated leukemia.
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| 3. |
- Linderfalk, Ulf
(författare)
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The Creation of Jus Cogens: : Making Sense of Article 53 of the Vienna Convention
- 2011
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Ingår i: Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht : Heidelberg journal of international law. - 0044-2348. ; 71, s. 359-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This essay provides an analysis of the creation of jus cogens. The analysismakes intelligible the definition of jus cogens provided in Art. 53 of the 1969Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. It has been said repeatedlyabout this definition that it is circular. If a jus cogens status is conferred on arule of law because the international community of states accepts and recognizes this rule as non-derogable and modifiable only by the creation of anew norm of jus cogens, then the definition assumes what remains to be established: the creation of jus cogens. As shown in this essay, this criticismbuilds on wrongful assumptions. It assumes that Art. 53 explains the creation of jus cogens, which it does not; it explains only its existence. A full explanation of the creation of jus cogens requires further elaboration. According to the proposition argued in this essay, jus cogens obligations derivefrom the usual processes creating ordinary customary international law.
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| 4. |
- Linderfalk, Ulf
(författare)
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The emperor’s new clothes – What if no Jus cogens claim can be justified?
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Community Law Review. - : Brill. - 1871-9740 .- 1871-9732. ; 22:2, s. 139-162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article deals with an important question of legal justification: What reasons serve to justify a claim that a norm has the status of jus cogens. This question can be approached from two fundamentally different perspectives – in this article referred to as legal positivism and legal idealism. As earlier research has demonstrated, legal positivists have great difficulty justifying their jus cogens claims. What this article argues is that legal idealists face a no less difficult task, and that this prompts an entirely new understanding of the jus cogens discourse. If there is no way for a lawyer to justify a jus cogens claim, then neither is there any way for him or her to refute propositions put forth by others. Jus cogens discourse becomes a safe haven for all kinds of arguments, of which, legally speaking, no one can ever be regarded as any more acceptable than any other.
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| 5. |
- Rudenko, Oleg, et al.
(författare)
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Wave Resonance in Media with Modular, Quadratic and Quadratically-Cubic Nonlinearities Described by Inhomogeneous Burgers-Type Equations
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acoustical Physics. - : Pleiades Publishing. - 1063-7710 .- 1562-6865. ; 64:4, s. 422-431
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phenomenon of “wave resonance” which occurs at excitation of traveling waves in dissipative media possessing modular, quadratic and quadratically-cubic nonlinearities is studied. The mathematical model of this phenomenon is the inhomogeneous (or “forced”) equation of Burgers type. Such nonlinearities are of interest because the corresponding equations admit exact linearization and describe real physical objects. The presence of “accompanying sources” (traveling with the wave) on the right-hand side of the inhomogeneous equations ensures the inflow of energy into the wave, which thereafter spreads throughout the wave profile, flows to emerging shock fronts, and then dissipates due to linear and nonlinear losses. As an introduction, the phenomenon of wave resonance in ideal and dissipative media is described and physical examples are given. Exact expressions for nonlinear steady-state wave profiles are derived. Non-stationary processes of wave generation, spatial “beating” of amplitudes with different relationship between the speed of motion of the sources and the natural wave velocity in the medium are studied. Resonance curves are constructed that contain a nonlinear shift of the absolute maxima to the “supersonic” region. The features of the resonance in each of the three types of nonlinearity are discussed. © 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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What is supportive when an adult next-of-kin is in critical care?
- 2005
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Ingår i: Nursing in Critical Care. - Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1362-1017 .- 1478-5153. ; 10:6, s. 289-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is little documented knowledge about what is supportive from the perspective of relatives with a critically ill next-of-kin in the intensive care unit (ICU). The aim of the present study was to generate a theoretical understanding of what relatives experience as supportive when faced with the situation of having an adult next-of-kin admitted to critical care. The study was designed using a grounded theory methodology. Interviews were conducted with 29 adult relatives of adult ICU patients in southwest Sweden. Relatives described the need to be empowered and that support was needed to enable them to use both internal and external resources to cope with having a next-of-kin in critical care. To achieve empowerment, the relatives described the need to trust in oneself, to encounter charity and to encounter professionalism. The findings can contribute understanding and sensitivity to the situation of the relatives as well as indicating what form social support should take. It is essential that healthcare professionals understand how important it is for relatives to have control over their vulnerable situation and that they also reflect upon how they would like to be treated themselves in a similar situation. Recommendations for future practice are presented.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Linderfalk, Ulf
(författare)
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The Post-9/11 Discourse Revisited: : The Self-Image of the International Legal Scientific Discipline
- 2010
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Ingår i: Goettingen Journal of International Law. ; 2, s. 893-949
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A few years ago, the legality of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) was a topic much discussed in the international legal literature. This article approaches the problem from a new angle. Rather than investigating the relevant issue of legal substance – whether or not OEF was ever consistent with international law – the article focuses attention on the general scholarly performance in dealing with this issue. Scrutinizing the literature published immediately following upon the events of September 11, 2001, the author suggests that overall, the scholarly debate on the legality of OEF did not live up to the standards normally applied in serious legal analysis, and that hence, the debate should be characterized as poor science. The article presents this criticism in further detail. With said criticism as a basis, in a concluding part of this article, the author takes the investigation one step further. As he suggests, when scholars engaged in the post-9 11 discourse, there was something about the whole situation that greatly constrained them. They were obviously hesitant to conclude that in circumstances like those of 9 11, there would still not be any right of self-defense to exercise. So much did they hesitate that they thought the opposite conclusion worth the prize of far-reaching infringements of the most basic of scientific quality standards. Why this hesitation, the article asks. What force or forces are compelling international legal scientists? As the author suggests, this question bears directly on the particular self-image of the legal scientific discipline and the role it envisages for itself in the international community. He concludes the article by initiating a discussion on this very delicate issue specifically, introducing for this purpose a description of the international legal scientist as archetype.
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