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| 2. |
- Björklöf, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Chef idag
- 2006
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In: Populärvetenskapligt magasin, Arbetslivsinstitutet. ; , s. 1-23
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Att vara chef i dagens arbetsliv ställer stora krav. Många chefer har en oklar bild över sin arbetssituation. Forskningen från Arbetslivsinstitutet visar till exempel att avgränsningarna på ett företag eller inom en organisation kan vara otydliga. Olika chefer på samma företag kan ge skilda bilder av organisationen. I den situationen är det viktigt att klargöra vilka arbetsuppgifter man har som chef. Det finns idag också en starkare uppdelning av ekonomi, produktion och personal, något som också komplicerar bilden. Dessutom sker förändringar och omorganisationer. Vad har chefer för förmåga att åstadkomma en god arbetsmiljö i en oklar organisation och under förändringar? I artiklarna som följer beskriver vi vad Arbetslivsinstitutets forskning har kommit fram till. Meningen är inte att lägga fram en ny kravlista för chefer utan att hitta strategier för en långsiktigt hållbar situation – också för en själv som chef. Budskapet från forskningen är att chefen behöver redskap. Dessa redskap är till exempel kommunikation: med andra chefer, med ledningsgruppen och med de anställda. Dessutom krävs tillräckliga resurser och kunskap om verksamheten. Saknar man som chef något eller några av redskapen lämnar man ofta ansvaret på andra, neråt i organisationen. Men det finns också ett medarbetaransvar. Medarbetaren måste informera sin chef om svårigheter som finns och därigenom ge chefen en chans att agera. Att till exempel klaga på att chefen är passiv leder ofta till en ond cirkel. Chefen måste få förtroendet att hantera ett problem för att kunna visa sin handlingsförmåga. Gemensamt för den forskning som presenteras i detta magasin är att forskarna intervjuat både chefer och anställda. Vi vill ge råd och idéer till chefer, men även till anställda, för att i förlängningen skapa goda arbetsplatser./skapa ett bättre arbetsliv för alla.
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| 3. |
- Kraft, Petr, et al.
(author)
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Uniquely preserved gut contents illuminate trilobite palaeophysiology
- 2023
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In: Nature. - : Springer Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 622:7983, s. 545-551
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Trilobites are among the most iconic of fossils and formed a prominent component of marine ecosystems during most of their 270-million-year-long history from the early Cambrian period to the end Permian period1. More than 20,000 species have been described to date, with presumed lifestyles ranging from infaunal burrowing to a planktonic life in the water column2. Inferred trophic roles range from detritivores to predators, but all are based on indirect evidence such as body and gut morphology, modes of preservation and attributed feeding traces; no trilobite specimen with internal gut contents has been described3,4. Here we present the complete and fully itemized gut contents of an Ordovician trilobite, Bohemolichas incola, preserved three-dimensionally in a siliceous nodule and visualized by synchrotron microtomography. The tightly packed, almost continuous gut fill comprises partly fragmented calcareous shells indicating high feeding intensity. The lack of dissolution of the shells implies a neutral or alkaline environment along the entire length of the intestine supporting digestive enzymes comparable to those in modern crustaceans or chelicerates. Scavengers burrowing into the trilobite carcase targeted soft tissues below the glabella but avoided the gut, suggesting noxious conditions and possibly ongoing enzymatic activity.
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| 4. |
- Litsa, Aliki, et al.
(author)
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Large density perturbations from reheating to standard model particles due to the dynamics of the Higgs boson during inflation
- 2021
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In: Physical Review D. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 104:12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cosmic microwave background observations are used to constrain reheating to standard model (SM) particles after a period of inflation. As a light spectator field, the SM Higgs boson acquires large field values from its quantum fluctuations during inflation, gives masses to SM particles that vary from one Hubble patch to another, and thereby produces large density fluctuations. We consider both perturbative and resonant decay of the inflaton to SM particles. For the case of perturbative decay from coherent oscillations of the inflaton after high scale inflation, we find strong upper bounds on the reheat temperature for the inflaton decay into heavy SM particles. The strongest bounds arise in the case of reheating to top quarks where we find Treh less than or similar to Oo1012 thorn GeV for an inflaton mass of 1013 GeV. For the case of resonant particle production (preheating) to (Higgsed) SM gauge bosons, we find temperature fluctuations larger than observed in the cosmic microwave background for a range of gauge coupling that includes those found in the SM and conclude that such preheating cannot be the main source of reheating the Universe after inflation.
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| 6. |
- Yarevsky, E., et al.
(author)
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Potential splitting approach to e-H and e-He+ scattering
- 2017
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In: Journal of Physics B. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-4075 .- 1361-6455. ; 50:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An approach based on splitting the reaction potential into a finite range part and a long range tail part to describe few-body scattering in the case of a Coulombic interaction is proposed. The solution to the Schrodinger equation for the long range tail of the reaction potential is used as an incoming wave. This reformulation of the scattering problem into an inhomogeneous Schrodinger equation with asymptotic outgoing waves makes it suitable for solving with the exterior complex scaling technique. The validity of the approach is analyzed from a formal point of view and demonstrated numerically, where the calculations are performed with the finite element method. The method of splitting the potential in this way is illustrated with calculations of the electron scattering on the hydrogen atom and the positive helium ion in energy regions where resonances appear.
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| 7. |
- Shukla, P K, et al.
(author)
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Large-amplitude Alfvenic shocks in a collisional magnetoplasma
- 2011
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In: Europhysics letters. - : Institute of Physics / EDP Sciences. - 0295-5075 .- 1286-4854. ; 95:4, s. 45001-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A theory for large-amplitude Alfvenic shocks across the external magnetic field in a collisional magnetoplasma is presented. For this purpose, we use the continuity and momentum equations for the electrons and ions, together with Amperes and Faradays laws, to derive the governing nonlinear equations for large-amplitude compressional Alfvenic waves. It is found that the latter can appear in the form of large-amplitude Alfvenic shocks that propagate with the super-Alfvenic speed.
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