| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Berndtsson, Ronny, et al.
(författare)
-
Drivers of changing urban flood risk : A framework for action
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 240, s. 47-56
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focuses on drivers for changing urban flood risk. We suggest a framework for guiding climate change adaptation action concerning flood risk and manageability in cities. The identified key drivers of changing flood hazard and vulnerability are used to provide an overview of each driver's impact on flood risk and manageability at the city level. We find that identified drivers for urban flood risk can be grouped in three different priority areas with different time horizon. The first group has high impact but is manageable at city level. Typical drivers in this group are related to the physical environment such as decreasing permeability and unresponsive engineering. The second group of drivers is represented by public awareness and individual willingness to participate and urbanization and urban sprawl. These drivers may be important and are manageable for the cities and they involve both short-term and long-term measures. The third group of drivers is related to policy and long-term changes. This group is represented by economic growth and increasing values at risk, climate change, and increasing complexity of society. They have all high impact but low manageability. Managing these drivers needs to be done in a longer time perspective, e.g., by developing long-term policies and exchange of ideas.
|
|
| 3. |
- Beye, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Chemical Bond Activation Observed with an X-ray Laser
- 2016
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-7185. ; 7:18, s. 3647-3651
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of bonding and antibonding orbitals is fundamental in chemistry. The population of those orbitals and the energetic difference between the two reflect the strength of the bonding interaction. Weakening the bond is expected to reduce this energetic splitting, but the transient character of bond-activation has so far prohibited direct experimental access. Here we apply time-resolved soft X-ray spectroscopy at a free electron laser to directly observe the decreased bonding antibonding splitting following bond-activation using an ultrashort optical laser pulse.
|
|
| 4. |
- Blomberg, Jerry, et al.
(författare)
-
Institutional Arrangements and Firm Behavior: The Case of Common Forests in Sweden
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Journal of Economic Issues. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0021-3624 .- 1946-326X. ; 31:2, s. 401-408
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Examines the effect of property rights systems within common forests on output decisions in Sweden. History of common forests in Sweden; Structure and governance of Swedish common property forests; Behavioral assumption behind the actions of managers and co-owners of the common forests in Sweden.
|
|
| 5. |
- Diesen, Elias, et al.
(författare)
-
Ultrafast Adsorbate Excitation Probed with Subpicosecond-Resolution X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 127:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use a pump-probe scheme to measure the time evolution of the C K-edge x-ray absorption spectrum from CO/Ru(0001) after excitation by an ultrashort high-intensity optical laser pulse. Because of the short duration of the x-ray probe pulse and precise control of the pulse delay, the excitation-induced dynamics during the first picosecond after the pump can be resolved with unprecedented time resolution. By comparing with density functional theory spectrum calculations, we find high excitation of the internal stretch and frustrated rotation modes occurring within 200 fs of laser excitation, as well as thermalization of the system in the picosecond regime. The ∼100 fs initial excitation of these CO vibrational modes is not readily rationalized by traditional theories of nonadiabatic coupling of adsorbates to metal surfaces, e.g., electronic frictions based on first order electron-phonon coupling or transient population of adsorbate resonances. We suggest that coupling of the adsorbate to nonthermalized electron-hole pairs is responsible for the ultrafast initial excitation of the modes.
|
|
| 6. |
- Ferreira, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Atlantic-Pacific Asymmetry in Deep Water Formation
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Science. - : Annual Reviews. - 0084-6597 .- 1545-4495. ; 46, s. 327-352
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- While the Atlantic Ocean is ventilated by high-latitude deep water formation and exhibits a pole-to-pole overturning circulation, the Pacific Ocean does not. This asymmetric global overturning pattern has persisted for the past 2-3 million years, with evidence for different ventilation modes in the deeper past. In the current climate, the Atlantic-Pacific asymmetry occurs because the Atlantic is more saline, enabling deep convection. To what extent the salinity contrast between the two basins is dominated by atmospheric processes (larger net evaporation over the Atlantic) or oceanic processes (salinity transport into the Atlantic) remains an outstanding question. Numerical simulations have provided support for both mechanisms; observations of the present climate support a strong role for atmospheric processes as well as some modulation by oceanic processes. A major avenue for future work is the quantification of the various processes at play to identify which mechanisms are primary in different climate states.
|
|
| 7. |
- Guldåker, Nicklas, et al.
(författare)
-
Bostadsbränder i storstadsområden
- 2018
-
Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- Syftet med detta forskningsprojekt är att i samverkan med räddningstjänster, kommuner och andra berörda aktörer i storstadsområden, analysera bakomliggande bestämningsfaktorer till rumsliga, bebyggelse - och befolkningsmässiga skillnader i förekomsten av bostadsbränder. Projektet ska genom samproduktion med berörda aktörer utveckla förslag på hur brandsäkerhetsarbetet kan bedrivas och utvärderas i dagens socialt fragmenterade storstadsområden.De forskningsfrågor som ska besvaras är:• Hur ser utvecklingen ut avseende bostadsbränder i de olika storstadsområdena?• Finns det olika typer och koncentrationer av bostadsbränder i de olika storstadsområdena? I så fall, hur ser dessa ut?• Varför finns det skillnader i brandförekomst inom och mellan de olika storstadsområdena?• Hur bedrivs och utvärderas brandsäkerhetsarbete i de olika storstadsområdena?• Hur bör brandsäkerhetsarbetet bedrivas och utvärderas i den socialt fragmenterade staden?Bostadsbränderna per 1 000 invånare minskar överlag i hela Sverige mellan 2007-2015. Det gäller även i storstadsområdena där särskilt Malmö har en kraftig nedgång främst beroende på ett minskat antal anlagda bränder. Samtliga storstadsområden har tydliga rumsliga koncentrationer av bostadsbränder.
|
|
| 8. |
- Guldåker, Nicklas, et al.
(författare)
-
Brandsäkerhetsarbete i den socialt fragmenterade staden
- 2018
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Följande rapport är genomförd inom forskningsprojektet Bostadsbränder i storstadsområden - rumsliga skillnader och brandsäkerhetsarbete i den socialt fragmenterade staden. Projektet är finansierat av MSB och har Institutionen för Urbana studier på Malmö universitet och Institutionen för kulturgeografi och ekonomisk geografi vid Lunds universitet som bas. I denna rapport presenteras och analyseras det förebyggande brandsäkerhetsarbete som genomförsoch utvärderas i de räddningstjänstförbund och storstadsområden som ingår i studien. Genomgången berör olika förebyggande aktiviteter och faktorer som påverkar brandsäkerhetsarbetet med primärt fokus på bostadsbränder. I rapporten presenteras även ett förslag på hur ett områdesbaserat arbetssätt kan utvecklas och tillämpas som ett stöd till räddningstjänsters och andra berörda samhällsaktörers arbeten med att minska antalet brandriskmiljöer och höjabrandskyddsförmågan hos enskilda hushåll och andra aktörer.
|
|
| 9. |
- Guldåker, Nicklas, et al.
(författare)
-
Geographical analysis of residential Fires and underlying socio-economic factors in two Metropolitan Cities in Sweden - towards an analytical model
- 2016
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Residential fires are often unequally distributed over residentialareas. In a Swedish research project - Residential fires in the metropolitanareas - underlying factors behind residential fires are analyzed in thecities of Malmö, Gothenburg and Stockholm. A central researchquestion is how geographical differences between residential fires andunderlying socio-economic factors in the cities can be analyzed,interpreted and used as part of a fire prevention work. The purpose ofthis paper is to develop an analytical working method that can helpemergency services to perform spatial analyses of residential fires andunderlying factors in urban areas. The analytical working method isdeveloped stepwise through: 1) building a spatial regression model withsocio-economic variables that can explain most of the variance inresidential fires in the cities of Malmo and Gothenburg. 2) analyzing theresults of this model together with officials and decision-makers fromthe emergency services and the cities. The purpose of this analyticalworking method is to make use of it in fire prevention directed towardsspecific fire-exposed urban areas. Accordingly, an important researchquestion in the paper is to examine how this spatial approach can beimplemented in fire prevention. The developed analytical workingmethod contains guidelines for the creation and analysis of a spatialregression model with the support of geographic information systems(GIS), and how the results can be interpreted and used as a basis for thedevelopment of policies of action plans to prevent residential fires.
|
|
| 10. |
- Guldåker, Nicklas, et al.
(författare)
-
Residential Fires in Metropolitan Areas: Living Conditions and Fire Prevention
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Residential Fire Safety : An Interdisciplinary Approach - An Interdisciplinary Approach. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2731-3646 .- 2731-3638. - 9783031063244 - 9783031063251 ; :1, s. 307-326
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter addresses the benefits of geo-statistical approaches in fire prevention processes, especially in the prevention of residential fires in urban areas. The aim is to demonstrate how residential fire incidents can be theorized and placed in a context where geo-statistical techniques and an area-based approach can support the emergency services fire prevention work. The chapter introduces theoretical concepts such as Fire Risk Environment, Fire Protection Capability, as well as determining factors, types of residential fires, and various hypotheses for further analysis of residential fires in urban contexts. Key themes are the development of residential fire incidents in different metropolitan areas over time, how different types of residential fires can be connected to living conditions, and finally how the emergency services and other actors can work with area-based fire prevention. Examples from Sweden’s major cities and especially the city of Gothenburg are used. The results show that variations in spatial residential fire patterns can be explained by a variation of living conditions. The conditions may also look different depending on the residential area and housing conditions, and therefore, preventive strategies and proactive measures should differ between and within cities and be adapted to specific different areas.
|
|
