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- Goodson, Ivor, et al.
(författare)
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Developing a Conceptual Framework for Understanding Professional Knowledge
- 2011
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Ingår i: Professional Knowledge and Educational Restructuring in Europe. - Rotterdam : Sense Publishers. - 9789460913778 ; , s. 99-110
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Our conceptual framework tries to capture the complexities which arise when different national and regional contexts intersect with different professional settings and generational and historical periodisations. To try to interrogate the complexities of this juxtaposition we have focussed on two levels of analysis – what we call systems narratives, the policy discourses which emanate from governing agencies and work life narratives, the viewpoints presented by practitioner teachers and nurses. By collecting and analysing these two kinds of narratives we can provide a specific snapshot of the complexities of context, profession and generation. Since our objective is to develop a complex conceptual framework we chose this narrative focus very carefully. It built on the strengths of the research team which included international experts on life history studies and generational analysis. Moreover it provided crucial insights into how restructuring initiatives emanating from governments intersect with the work life perceptions and narrative accounts of practitioners in the field. We judged that this intersection is crucial in developing our conceptual understanding of how restructuring works in the zone of professional knowledge.
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- Nunan, Naoise
(författare)
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Competition within low-density bacterial populations as an unexpected factor regulating carbon decomposition in bulk soil
- 2022
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Ingår i: Soil Biology and Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-0717 .- 1879-3428. ; 164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bacterial decomposition of organic matter in soils is generally believed to be mainly controlled by the access bacteria have to organic substrate. The influence of bacterial traits on this control has, however, received little attention. Using the substrate-dependent Monod growth model, we develop a bioreactive transport model to screen the interactive impacts of spatial dispersion and bacterial traits on mineralization. Bacterial traits primarily involved in the bacterial response to the substrate concentration, such as the maximum specific uptake rate and efficiency, the adaptation time of the uptake rate and the initial population density, are considered. We compare the model results with two sets of previously performed cm-scale soil-core experiments in which the mineralization of the pesticide 2,4-D was measured under well-controlled initial distributions and transport conditions. Bacterial dispersion away from the initial substrate location induced a significant increase in 2,4-D mineralization. It reveals an increase of specific uptake rates at lower bacterial densities, more than compensating the decrease of specific uptake rates caused by substrate dilution. This regulation of bacterial activities by density, caused by the local depletion of substrate by competing bacteria, becomes dominant for bacteria with an efficient uptake of substrate at low substrate concentrations (a common feature of oligotrophs). Such oligotrophs, commonly found in soils, compete with each other for substrate even at remarkably low population densities. The ratio-dependent Contois growth model, which includes a density regulation in the expression of the uptake efficiency, is more accurate and convenient to calibrate than the substrate-dependent Monod model, at least under these conditions. In view of their strong interactions, bioreactive and transport processes cannot be handled independently but should be integrated, in particular when reactive processes of interest are carried out by oligotrophs.
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- Nunan, Naoise
(författare)
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Distinct Responses of Abundant and Rare Soil Bacteria to Nitrogen Addition in Tropical Forest Soils
- 2023
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Ingår i: Microbiology Spectrum. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 2165-0497. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is a worldwide environmental problem and threatens biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Understanding the responses of community dynamics and assembly processes of abundant and rare soil bacterial taxa to anthropogenic N enrichment is vital for the management of N-polluted forest soils.Soil microbial responses to anthropogenic nitrogen (N) enrichment at the overall community level has been extensively studied. However, the responses of community dynamics and assembly processes of the abundant versus rare bacterial taxa to N enrichment have rarely been assessed. Here, we present a study in which the effects of short- (2 years) and long-term (13 years) N additions to two nearby tropical forest sites on abundant and rare soil bacterial community composition and assembly were documented. The N addition, particularly in the long-term experiment, significantly decreased the bacterial alpha-diversity and shifted the community composition toward copiotrophic and N-sensitive species. The alpha-diversity and community composition of the rare taxa were more affected, and they were more closely clustered phylogenetically under N addition compared to the abundant taxa, suggesting the community assembly of the rare taxa was more governed by deterministic processes (e.g., environmental filtering). In contrast, the abundant taxa exhibited higher community abundance, broader environmental thresholds, and stronger phylogenetic signals under environmental changes than the rare taxa. Overall, these findings illustrate that the abundant and rare bacterial taxa respond distinctly to N addition in tropical forests, with higher sensitivity of the rare taxa, but potentially broader environmental acclimation of the abundant taxa.IMPORTANCE Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is a worldwide environmental problem and threatens biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Understanding the responses of community dynamics and assembly processes of abundant and rare soil bacterial taxa to anthropogenic N enrichment is vital for the management of N-polluted forest soils. Our sequence-based data revealed distinct responses in bacterial diversity, community composition, environmental acclimation, and assembly processes between abundant and rare taxa under N-addition soils in tropical forests. These findings provide new insight into the formation and maintenance of bacterial diversity and offer a way to better predict bacterial responses to the ongoing atmospheric N deposition in tropical forests.
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