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| 2. |
- Alam, Mehboob, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on spinach and rocket as affected by inoculum and time to harvest
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scientia Horticulturæ. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 165, s. 235-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Irrigation water is an important vehicle for dissemination of human pathogens to plants. As contamination in an early stage of the production chain cannot necessarily be counteracted later, cultural measures to reduce the contamination risk need to be adopted during primary production. In a two-factorial greenhouse experiment, we studied the impact of inoculum density and the interval between irrigation and haivest on the prevalence of an inoculated gfp-tagged non-pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli O157:H7. The strain was inoculated with the irrigation water at a density of log 5.6, log 6.6 and log 7.6 CFU ml(-1) into the phyllosphere of fully grown crops of rocket and spinach (BBCH 49). The crops were then harvested after 3, 24,48 and 72 h. The introduced strain decreased exponentially in numbers within 72 h, to 49.6%, 52.6% and 50.6%, respectively, in the spinach and to 58.5%, 67.4% and 73.4% in the rocket. No differences were found in the number of the total viable count of aerobic bacteria and of Enterobacteriaceae as assessed on tryptic soy agar (TSA) and violet red bile dextrose agar (VRBD), respectively. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes of randomly selected isolates from VRBD were identified as Enterobacter cloaceae, Enterobacter ludwigii, Pantoea sp. and Raoultella planticola as the dominant Enterobacteriaceae species in the rocket and spinach phyllosphere. We found that cessation of irrigation for three days seems not to be an adequate sanitisation treatment to exclude the possibility of viable E. coil 0157:H7 cells on spinach or rocket. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Jonas, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Artificial intelligence and the medical physics profession-A Swedish perspective
- 2021
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Ingår i: Physica Medica-European Journal of Medical Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1120-1797 .- 1724-191X. ; 88, s. 218-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is a continuous and dynamic discussion on artificial intelligence (AI) in present-day society. AI is expected to impact on healthcare processes and could contribute to a more sustainable use of resources allocated to healthcare in the future. The aim for this work was to establish a foundation for a Swedish perspective on the potential effect of AI on the medical physics profession. Materials and methods: We designed a survey to gauge viewpoints regarding AI in the Swedish medical physics community. Based on the survey results and present-day situation in Sweden, a SWOT analysis was performed on the implications of AI for the medical physics profession. Results: Out of 411 survey recipients, 163 responded (40%). The Swedish medical physicists with a professional license believed (90%) that AI would change the practice of medical physics but did not foresee (81%) that AI would pose a risk to their practice and career. The respondents were largely positive to the inclusion of AI in educational programmes. According to self-assessment, the respondents' knowledge of and workplace preparedness for AI was generally low. Conclusions: From the survey and SWOT analysis we conclude that AI will change the medical physics profession and that there are opportunities for the profession associated with the adoption of AI in healthcare. To overcome the weakness of limited AI knowledge, potentially threatening the role of medical physicists, and build upon the strong position in Swedish healthcare, medical physics education and training should include learning objectives on AI.
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| 5. |
- Axling, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Green tea powder and Lactobacillus plantarum affect gut microbiota, lipid metabolism and inflammation in high-fat fed C57BL/6J mice
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nutrition & Metabolism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1743-7075. ; 9:105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Type 2 diabetes is associated with obesity, ectopic lipid accumulation and low-grade inflammation. A dysfunctional gut microbiota has been suggested to participate in the pathogenesis of the disease. Green tea is rich in polyphenols and has previously been shown to exert beneficial metabolic effects. Lactobacillus plantarum has the ability to metabolize phenolic acids. The health promoting effect of whole green tea powder as a prebiotic compound has not been thoroughly investigated previously. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet with or without a supplement of 4% green tea powder (GT), and offered drinking water supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 15313 (Lp) or the combination of both (Lp + GT) for 22 weeks. Parameters related to obesity, glucose tolerance, lipid metabolism, hepatic steatosis and inflammation were examined. Small intestinal tissue and caecal content were collected for bacterial analysis. Results: Mice in the Lp + GT group had significantly more Lactobacillus and higher diversity of bacteria in the intestine compared to both mice in the control and the GT group. Green tea strongly reduced the body fat content and hepatic triacylglycerol and cholesterol accumulation. The reduction was negatively correlated to the amount of Akkermansia and/or the total amount of bacteria in the small intestine. Markers of inflammation were reduced in the Lp + GT group compared to control. PLS analysis of correlations between the microbiota and the metabolic variables of the individual mice showed that relatively few components of the microbiota had high impact on the correlation model. Conclusions: Green tea powder in combination with a single strain of Lactobacillus plantarum was able to promote growth of Lactobacillus in the intestine and to attenuate high fat diet-induced inflammation. In addition, a component of the microbiota, Akkermansia, correlated negatively with several metabolic parameters known to be risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes.
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| 6. |
- Falk, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Ileal pelvic pouch microbiota from two former ulcerative colitis patients, analysed by DNA-based methods, were unstable over time and showed the presence of Clostridium perfringens
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 42:8, s. 973-985
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Ileal pouch anal anastomosis ( IPAA) is the preferred method for restorative surgery in patients with ulcerative colitis who have to undergo proctocolectomy. The most common complication is pouchitis and several studies have pointed to the microbiota of the pouch as being a risk factor. The aim of this study was to follow the development of the bacterial microbiota in pouches during the first year. Material and methods. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism ( T-RFLP) combined with cloning and sequencing was used to identify the most predominant bacteria on the different sampling occasions. A total of 274 clones were grouped by T-RFLP and clones from each group were selected for sequencing and identified by comparison with known sequences. Results. Differences in T-RFLP profiles and clone libraries were found between the patients, and also in changes apparent in each patient at different time-points. The main bacterial groups in the pouches resembled those of the normal colonic microbiota, with a predominance of the clostridia clusters XIVa and IV, Bacteroides and Enterobacteriaceae. Exceptions were clones with sequences resembling those of the Clostridium perfringens group, in both patients and on all sampling occasions, and the dominance of clones resembling Turicibacter in one of the patients at the time of pouch construction. Conclusions. The pouch microbiota showed similarities to the normal colon microbiota except for the presence of clones with sequences resembling those of the C. perfringens group and Turicibacter. The bacterial composition differed between the two patients and the microbiota changed with time, suggesting that the composition is not stable during the first year.
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| 7. |
- Gustafsson, Rita, et al.
(författare)
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Mucosa-associated bacteria in two middle-aged women diagnosed with collagenous colitis.
- 2012
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Ingår i: World Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.. - 1007-9327. ; 18:14, s. 1628-1634
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To characterize the colon microbiota in two women histologically diagnosed with collagenous colitis using a culture-independent method. METHODS: Biopsies were taken from the ascending colon and the total DNA was extracted. Universal bacterial primers were used to amplify the bacterial 16S rRNA genes. The amplicons were then cloned into competent Escherichia coli cells. The clones were sequenced and identified by comparison to known sequences. RESULTS: The clones could be divided into 44 different phylotypes. The microbiota was dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Seven phylotypes were found in both patients and constituted 47.5% of the total number of clones. Of these, the most dominating were clones similar to Bacteroides cellulosilyticus, Bacteroides caccae, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides uniformis and Bacteroides dorei within Bacteroidetes. Sequences similar to Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Clostridium citroniae were also found in both patients. CONCLUSION: A predominance of potentially pathogenic Bacteroides spp., and the presence of clones showing similarity to Clostridium clostridioforme were found but the overall colon microbiota showed similarities to a healthy one. Etiologies for collagenous colitis other than an adverse bacterial flora must also be considered.
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| 8. |
- Gustafsson, Rita, et al.
(författare)
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The Lactobacillus flora in vagina and rectum of fertile and postmenopausal healthy Swedish women
- 2011
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Ingår i: BMC Women's Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6874. ; 11:Article. nr 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Background: Lactobacillus species are the most often found inhabitants of vaginal ecosystem of fertile women. In postmenopausal women with low oestrogen levels, Lactobacillus flora is diminishing or absent. However, no studies have been performed to investigate the correlation between oestrogen levels and the lactobacilli in the gut. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relation in healthy women between vaginal and rectal microbial flora as well as possible variations with hormone levels. Methods: Vaginal and rectal smears were taken from 20 healthy fertile women, average 40 years (range 28-49 years), in two different phases of the menstrual cycle, and from 20 postmenopausal women, average 60 years (range 52-85 years). Serum sex hormone levels were analyzed. Bacteria from the smears isolated on Rogosa Agar were grouped by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA and identified by multiplex PCR and partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results: Lactobacillus crispatus was more often found in the vaginal flora of fertile women than in that of postmenopausal (p = 0.036). Fifteen of 20 fertile women had lactobacilli in their rectal smears compared to 10 postmenopausal women (p = 0.071). There was no correlation between the number of bacteria in vagina and rectum, or between the number of bacteria and hormonal levels. Neither could any association between the presence of rectal lactobacilli and hormonal levels be found. Conclusion: Lactobacillus crispatus was more prevalent in the vaginal flora of fertile women, whereas the Lactobacillus flora of rectum did not correlate to the vaginal flora nor to hormonal levels.
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| 9. |
- Hartmann, Rahel, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of the source of organic manure on persistence of E. coli O157:H7 gfp+ in rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) and Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris cicla)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Food Control. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-7135 .- 1873-7129. ; 81, s. 200-210
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of organic nitrogen sources on the establishment of E. coil 0157:H7 and the occurrence of other potentially human pathogenic bacteria on baby leaf salads was evaluated. Greenhouse-grown rocket and Swiss chard were spray-inoculated with gfp-tagged E. coil 0157:H7 twice a week from when their first true leaves reached a length of 2 cm until three days before harvest. Analysis of nitrogen content in leaves revealed differences between treatments. Untreated plants had the lowest values, followed by plants fertilized with pig hair pellets and chicken manure. The same pattern was seen for the growth medium at the day of harvest. The applied strain showed similar establishment (measured using culture-dependent methods) irrespective of treatment, but Swiss chard hosted significantly more E. coli 0157:H7 than rocket. Differences in the risk of infection were found for the crops, with plants fertilized with pig hair pellets showing a slightly higher risk. No relationship was found for total nitrogen content in leaves and colonization with E. coli 0157:H7 gfp+. Isolating dominant Enterobacteriaceae from leaves, some strains showed conformity to bacterial species that have previously been identified to influence the establishment of E. coli 0157:H7 in the phyllosphere. In this study, no inhibitory effects were observed in vitro.Colonies showing matching characteristics for Listeria spp. and Salmonella spp. were detected up to 5.5 and 5 log CFU g(-1) fresh weight, respectively. However, presumptive Listeria spp. and Salmonella spp. could not be confirmed by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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