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- Bohlin Stenström, Katja, et al.
(författare)
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Smoking cessation prior to gynecological surgery-A registry-based randomized trial
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 99:9, s. 1230-1237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Smoking cessation, both pre- and postoperatively, is important to reduce complications associated with surgery. Identifying feasible and effective means of alerting the patient before surgery to the importance of perioperative smoking cessation is a challenge to healthcare systems. Material and methods A randomized registry-based trial using the web-version of the Swedish national quality register for gynecological surgery, GynOp, was performed (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03942146). Current smokers scheduled for gynecological surgery were randomly assigned before surgery to group 1 (control group, no specific information), group 2 (web-based written information), group 3 (information to doctor that the woman was a smoker and should be recommended smoking cessation or group 4 (a combination of groups 2 and 3). Perioperative smoking habits were evaluated in a postoperative questionnaire 2 months after surgery. The treatment effect was estimated to be a 15% reduction in the number of smokers at the time of surgery. Thus, 94 women in each group were required, in total 376 women, using a one-sided test with an alpha level of 0.001 and a statistical power of 80%. Results Participants (n = 1427) were recruited between 5 November 2015 and 6 December 2017. A total of 1137 smokers responded to the follow-up questionnaire (80%), with 486 women declining to participate, leaving 651 women eligible for analysis. Women who received both web-based information prior to surgery and information from a doctor, reported smoking cessation more often from 1 to 3 weeks preoperatively (Odds ratio [OR] 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0-3.3) and 1 to 3 weeks after surgery (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.3) compared with the control group who received no specific information. Conclusions A combination of written information in the health declaration and a recommendation from a doctor regarding smoking cessation may be associated with higher odds of smoking cessation at 1-3 weeks pre- and postoperatively.
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- Magnusson, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Atmosphere control during hot isostatic pressing of capsule free materials
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings - Euro PM2020 Congress and Exhibition.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Producing components via powder metallurgy yields a final product with few process steps. In order to get improved mechanical properties, a final compaction using hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is often made. Capsule free HIP can be used for components produced via consolidation processes that yield a closed porosity at the surface, such as additive manufacturing (AM) or press and sinter methods that achieve high density. Without capsule, the compacted material is exposed to the atmosphere during HIP and it is, therefore possible to adjust the surface properties by carburising or nitriding before gas quenching, similar to conventional case hardening processes. The potential of this process has been evaluated in this work. More than 20 different HIP trials have been performed with variations of atmosphere, time, and temperature. Sinter steels and tool steels have been included in the trials. The materials are characterised and evaluated, and thereafter used to optimise this new process.
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- Olsson, Anders, 1940-, et al.
(författare)
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Can LDL cholesterol be too low? Possible risks of extremely low levels
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : WILEY. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 281:6, s. 534-553
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following the continuous accumulation of evidence supporting the beneficial role of reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in the treatment and prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and its complications, therapeutic possibilities now exist to lower LDL-C to very low levels, similar to or even lower than those seen in newborns and nonhuman species. In addition to the important task of evaluating potential side effects of such treatments, the question arises whether extremely low LDL-C levels per se may provoke adverse effects in humans. In this review, we summarize information from studies of human cellular and organ physiology, phenotypic characterization of rare genetic diseases of lipid metabolism, and experience from clinical trials. Specifically, we emphasize the importance of the robustness of the regulatory systems that maintain balanced fluxes and levels of cholesterol at both cellular and organismal levels. Even at extremely low LDL-C levels, critical capacities of steroid hormone and bile acid production are preserved, and the presence of a cholesterol blood-brain barrier protects cells in the central nervous system. Apparent relationships sometimes reported between less pronounced low LDL-C levels and disease states such as cancer, depression, infectious disease and others can generally be explained as secondary phenomena. Drug-related side effects including an increased propensity for development of type 2 diabetes occur during statin treatment, whilst further evaluation of more potent LDL-lowering treatments such as PCSK9 inhibitors is needed. Experience from the recently reported and ongoing large event-driven trials are of great interest, and further evaluation including careful analysis of cognitive functions will be important. This is an article from the symposium: Risks and benefits of Extremely Low LDL Cholesterol.
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- Olsson, Ann-Margreth E.
(författare)
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Listening to the voice of children : systemic dialogical coaching inviting to participation and partnership in social work
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A study in and about systemic coaching in social work – systemic, and, as it unfolded, dialogical coaching (DC), with focus on what the conducted coaching brought forth, generated and created in the context of social work and for the members of the participating social welfare organisations, how the coaching inspired social workers to invite clients and especially children into partnership, making their voices heard, both in the written text and in the process of social investigations. The study was integral parts of commissions (and vice versa) of the County Administrative Board of Scania, Sweden, in my profession as systemic consultant and supervisor in Sweden. It was a study in how dialogical communication could improve how social workers, listening to the children’s invitation, could make children’s voices more heard in social investigations. In all, 55 social workers in seven municipalities participated in this dialogical participatory action research (DPAR) study, conducted for more than five years in all. The focus on communication and dialogue in the coaching changed and developed the participants’ approach in relation to clients and one another and others. In the emerging awareness of how we reciprocally and reflexively co-create occurrences and outcomes, including who we become in relation to one another, the participating social workers’ awareness of the impact of their own contributions, and their own importance in relation to children and other clients, also improved. The expressions listening ears and listening questions were invented, capturing my, the coach’s, participation of placing myself completely at the other participants’ disposal, completely accessible in the mutual responsiveness in the moment – being here and now in the present. The systemic methods and techniques were reflexively influenced and adapted from within the relational dynamic of joint actions in the dialogical interplay, becoming living tools in both the social workers’ practice and mine as coach and researcher.
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- Olsson, Ann-Margreth E., 1952-
(författare)
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Utlandsmissioner och de därhemma
- 2014
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Ingår i: Försvarsmaktens Veteranforskningsseminarium. - Stockholm : Försvarsmakten, Swedish Armed Forces.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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