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| 2. |
- Fierros-González, Isael, et al.
(författare)
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Farmers’ Perception of Climate Change: A Review of the Literature for Latin America
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Environmental Science. - 2296-665X. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global climate is changing rapidly, and it is not clear if agricultural producers in developing countries will be able to adapt fast enough in order to mitigate its negative effects. In order to be willing to take adaptation measures, farmers need to perceive that the climate is changing or could change, and they need to attribute enough weight to this perception to take action. During the last two decades, the literature that examines farmers’ perception of climate change has gained ground, but it is still scant. This is particularly true for Latin America, which is highly vulnerable to climate change. Based on a review of original research articles published between 2000 and 2020, this article presents the status of knowledge about the topic in the region to identify research gaps and inform future research. The review found that the available research has been based mostly on qualitative analyses of case studies for a few countries. More research that identifies causal relationships is necessary. Data from surveys that are representative at the national or subnational levels, as well as longitudinal data, will be very helpful to better understand farmer’s perceptions. Finally, the use of field experiments and choice experiments can complement the use of observational data.
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| 3. |
- Fiesel, Fabienne C., et al.
(författare)
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Substitution of PINK1 Gly411 modulates substrate receptivity and turnover
- 2023
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8627 .- 1554-8635. ; 19:6, s. 1711-1732
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ubiquitin (Ub) kinase-ligase pair PINK1-PRKN mediates the degradation of damaged mitochondria by macroautophagy/autophagy (mitophagy). PINK1 surveils mitochondria and upon stress accumulates on the mitochondrial surface where it phosphorylates serine 65 of Ub to activate PRKN and to drive mitochondrial turnover. While loss of either PINK1 or PRKN is genetically linked to Parkinson disease (PD) and activating the pathway seems to have great therapeutic potential, there is no formal proof that stimulation of mitophagy is always beneficial. Here we used biochemical and cell biological methods to study single nucleotide variants in the activation loop of PINK1 to modulate the enzymatic function of this kinase. Structural modeling and in vitro kinase assays were used to investigate the molecular mechanism of the PINK1 variants. In contrast to the PD-linked PINK1G411S mutation that diminishes Ub kinase activity, we found that the PINK1G411A variant significantly boosted Ub phosphorylation beyond levels of PINK1 wild type. This resulted in augmented PRKN activation, mitophagy rates and increased viability after mitochondrial stress in midbrain-derived, gene-edited neurons. Mechanistically, the G411A variant stabilizes the kinase fold of PINK1 and transforms Ub to adopt the preferred, C-terminally retracted conformation for improved substrate turnover. In summary, we identify a critical role of residue 411 for substrate receptivity that may now be exploited for drug discovery to increase the enzymatic function of PINK1. The genetic substitution of Gly411 to Ala increases mitophagy and may be useful to confirm neuroprotection in vivo and might serve as a critical positive control during therapeutic development. Abbreviations: ATP: adenosine triphosphate; CCCP: carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone; Ub-CR: ubiquitin with C-terminally retracted tail; CTD: C-terminal domain (of PINK1); ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; HCI: high-content imaging; IB: immunoblot; IF: immunofluorescence; NPC: neuronal precursor cells; MDS: molecular dynamics simulation; PD: Parkinson disease; p-S65-Ub: ubiquitin phosphorylated at Ser65; RMSF: root mean scare fluctuation; TOMM: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane; TVLN: ubiquitin with T66V and L67N mutation, mimics Ub-CR; Ub: ubiquitin; WT: wild-type.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Morell, Mats, 1955-
(författare)
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History and Rural Studies since the sixties : From decolonisation to environmental and food sovereignty
- 2020
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Ingår i: AYER. - : ASSOC HISTORIA CONTEMPORANEA & MARCIAL PONS, EDICIONES HISTORIA, S A. - 1134-2277 .- 2255-5838. ; :120, s. 19-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This text analyses the thematic change in rural history from the 1960s until today. Initially, the field focused on the transition from feudalism to capitalism, on the growth of the preconditions of industrial development. It examined developments within the pre-industrial agrarian society, focussing largely on peasant agency. Later, the emphasis shifted towards the environment, the sustainability (and most recently the resiliency) of historical agricultural production systems and food sovereignty. The hypothesis is that many early approaches were inspired by the decolonisation of Europe's Asian and African colonies, the (peasant-) revolution in China and the development of rural sociology. The present change in focus is related to the emergence of environmental agendas and of issues concerning free trade and the dominance of the food sector by large multinational companies. The focus is foremost on Scandinavian historiography.
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| 6. |
- Visuri, Ingela, fil. dr. 1976-
(författare)
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Supernatural experiences and autistic embodiment
- 2020
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Ingår i: Religion. Tidsskrift for Religionslærerforeningen for Gymnasiet og HF. - 0108-4488. ; :1, s. 51-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 7. |
- Iakunkov, Artem, 1993-
(författare)
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Materials prepared using graphite oxides : properties and applications
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Graphite oxides are hydrophilic materials, which have attracted a lot of attention due to unique properties and possible applications. The current thesis includes studies of fundamental properties and applications of graphite oxides as well as materials prepared from graphite oxides such as graphene oxide membranes, defect-rich graphite oxide, reduced graphene oxide and activated reduced graphene oxide. We have studied Hummers and Brodie graphite oxides swelling in a set of normal alcohols from methanol to 1-nonanol using XRD, TGA, DSC, vapour and liquid sorption. Swollen structures with one to five parallel layers of intercalated alcohol molecules were found for Brodie graphite oxide immersed in liquid alcohols. Phase transitions between some of these phases were observed at low temperatures. Brodie graphite oxide was also studied for swelling in molten sugar alcohols. We have demonstrated the formation of an expanded structure of graphite oxide intercalated by molten xylitol and sorbitol. The structure remains stable at ambient conditions after the melt solidification. The swelling of graphite oxide was also investigated in tetrafluoroborate solution in acetonitrile, the solution used as a common electrolyte in energy storage applications. Graphite oxide in these experiments served as a model system due to flexible "pores" provided by temperature-dependent swelling in acetonitrile. Intercalation of electrolyte ions into GO structure resulted in a formation of distinct phase with expanded inter-layer distance. Results of our experiments allow to evaluate minimal “pore size” required to accommodate electrolyte ions in solvate and desolvated states. Swelling pressure is one of the fundamental properties of graphite oxide, which has not been reported previously but important in applications involving swelling under confinement conditions. Significant pressures up to 220bar were measured for bulk graphite oxide due to swelling in water and ethanol. Swelling pressure in the range 3-25 bar was also measured for μm thick membranes. Both powder and membrane samples showed a significant difference in kinetics of building pressure in water and ethanol.Ageing effects were studied using graphene oxide membranes stored on air over prolonged periods starting from weeks and up to five years. The pronounced effects of ageing on chemical composition and swelling of graphene oxide membranes in a set of alcohols (methanol to 1-nonanol) were found. These effects were assigned to chemical modification during air storage rather than to intrinsic metastability of graphene oxide. The structural changes related to the chemical modification of graphene oxide on air are crucial for membrane applications because they significantly affect the size of “permeation channels” provided by swelling. Extremely defective graphene oxide was demonstrated as a promising material for sorbent applications. The defect-rich graphene oxide was prepared using Hummers oxidation of strongly defective reduced graphite oxide instead of well crystalline graphite. The defect-rich graphene oxide showed significant improvement in sorption of radionuclides (U(VI), Am(III), and Eu(III)) compared to standard graphite oxides. High abundance of defects was demonstrated to correlate with the maximal sorption capacity of graphite oxide towards radionuclides and methylene blue. Finally, we have studied activated reduced graphene oxide for application in supercapacitors. This study aimed to reveal correlations between structural parameters of electrode material and supercapacitor performance. We have prepared two sets of materials with a broad range of N2 BET surface area 1000-3000m2g-1 , significant variation of pore size distribution and oxygen content using change of activation temperature and post-synthesis mechanical treatment. Analysis of nitrogen and water sorption isotherms showed that despite negligibly small H2O BET surface area, the total pore volume is very similar for nitrogen and water sorption. The best supercapacitor performance was found to depend on combination of several parameters in a delicate balance of specific surface area, oxygen content, micropore volume and conductivity
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| 8. |
- Laitner, John, et al.
(författare)
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Bequest motives : a comparison of Sweden and the United States
- 1998
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper reviews four well--known theoretical models of private bequest behavior, notes their differing implications for public policy, and discusses a way of empirically discriminating among them. Then it implements the test with micro data from Sweden
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| 9. |
- Peyrot, WJ, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of polygenic risk scores on depression in childhood trauma
- 2014
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Ingår i: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 1472-1465. ; 205:2, s. 113-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on gene×environment interaction in major depressive disorder (MDD) has thus far primarily focused on candidate genes, although genetic effects are known to be polygenic.AimsTo test whether the effect of polygenic risk scores on MDD is moderated by childhood trauma.MethodThe study sample consisted of 1645 participants with a DSM-IV diagnosis of MDD and 340 screened controls from The Netherlands. Chronic or remitted episodes (severe MDD) were present in 956 participants. The occurrence of childhood trauma was assessed with the Childhood Trauma Interview and the polygenic risk scores were based on genome-wide meta-analysis results from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium.ResultsThe polygenic risk scores and childhood trauma independently affected MDD risk, and evidence was found for interaction as departure from both multiplicativity and additivity, indicating that the effect of polygenic risk scores on depression is increased in the presence of childhood trauma. The interaction effects were similar in predicting all MDD risk and severe MDD risk, and explained a proportion of variation in MDD risk comparable to the polygenic risk scores themselves.ConclusionsThe interaction effect found between polygenic risk scores and childhood trauma implies that (1) studies on direct genetic effect on MDD gain power by focusing on individuals exposed to childhood trauma, and that (2) individuals with both high polygenic risk scores and exposure to childhood trauma are particularly at risk for developing MDD.
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| 10. |
- Atroshi, Isam, et al.
(författare)
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Self-administered outcome instrument in carpal tunnel syndrome. Reliability, validity and responsiveness evaluated in 102 patients
- 1998
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 0001-6470. ; 69:1, s. 82-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We evaluated a Swedish version of a self-administered disease-specific outcome questionnaire for carpal tunnel syndrome regarding reliability, validity and responsiveness to clinical change. It consists of multi-item scales assessing symptom severity, function, patient satisfaction and quality of life. It was given to 102 patients before and 3 months after carpal tunnel release. Test-retest reliability, studied in a subsample of 22 patients on two occasions with a 1-3-week interval, showed good agreement between the scores. Internal consistency of the scales was high (Cronbach alpha 0.80-0.95). Validity of the scales was evaluated using the SF-36 general health questionnaire in a subgroup of 48 patients as well as items concerning patient satisfaction, showing the expected relationships between these measures. Responsiveness of the scales to clinical change, estimated by the effect size and standardized response mean, was large (0.94-1.7). We conclude that this questionnaire can provide a standardized measure of symptom severity and functional status, as well as patient satisfaction and quality of life in the carpal tunnel syndrome.
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