| 1. |
- Cedergren, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Tracking the implementation of a risk management process in a public sector organisation – A longitudinal study
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-4209. ; 81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the results from a longitudinal study of the process of developing and implementing a method for risk assessment in a public sector organisation over a period of 3.5 years. The study explores how people involved in this process viewed factors influencing the implementation and what effects the risk management process gave rise to. While a large share of previous research on this topic has been confined to analysing the final product in terms of the documented risk assessment report, this study explores factors affecting the process leading to such outcome. Data collection was conducted through a questionnaire used on five occasions during the study period. The results from this questionnaire were complemented with an interview study to gain deeper insights and understanding of factors shaping the risk management process. The findings show a maturing process over time where the most clearly visible impact from the risk management process includes an increased risk awareness among persons involved. However, the results also indicate that the outcomes from the risk management process were only to a limited extent spread to the rest of the organisation and persons at the management level showed a declining commitment to the risk management process over the 3.5-year period. Methodologically, the paper underlines the value of adopting a longitudinal research design in the area of risk management to allow for an exploration of trends and patterns arising over time, which contributes to a deeper and more contextualised understanding of a risk management process compared to studies that only rely on capturing snapshots of an organisation's current work practices.
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| 2. |
- Hassel, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Strategies for aggregating risk information in a societal safety context
- 2022
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535. ; 149, s. 11-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Risk assessment is a useful tool to inform decision-making when it comes to ensuring the continuous operation of critical societal functions. It can be used on many levels within an organization or on multiple societal levels. One way to conduct risk assessments on a higher system level, such as on national level, is to aggregate risk information from lower-level assessments, e.g. from the regional level. However, the process of aggregating risk information can be highly complex and different strategies for such aggregation are suitable depending on the underlying risk information, the characteristics of the risks that this information represents, and the analysts’ intentions in the aggregation process. To use a particular aggregation strategy, different conditions must be met. In addition, throughout the aggregation process, a range of both generic and strategy-specific challenges require attention and careful consideration. Little previous research has focused on describing and systematizing different aggregation strategies, including description of the conditions and challenges for employing the strategies. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to further develop the conceptual basis of aggregation and to propose a set of common aggregation strategies that can be used within the area of societal safety. Furthermore, the paper also aims at describing the conditions and challenges of employing the strategies. In total, six strategies are proposed based on what risk information that needs to be aggregated (likelihoods, consequences or neither). In addition, the aggregation can be simple, in cases where a set of conditions are met, or more complex where overlaps and interactions between scenarios must be considered. The framework can be used to inform the process of aggregating risk information and has relevance across a range of different application areas.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Tehler, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence-based disaster risk management : A scoping review focusing on risk, resilience and vulnerability assessment
- 2024
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Ingår i: Progress in Disaster Science. - : Elsevier. - 2590-0617. ; 23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A plethora of methods exist to aid decision-making in mitigating disaster risk, many of which fall into the categories of risk, vulnerability and/or resilience assessment methods. The objective of the present study is to provide an overview of these methods, with a particular focus on evidence that supports their practical implementation. A scoping study of scientific literature reveal 97 distinct methods. Despite the growing interest in publishing new methods, there seems to be a lack of focus on demonstrating their effectiveness in practice. The few contributions that do include some forms of evaluation typically do so by comparing the method’s output with disaster data, by contrasting it with the output of other methods, by having experts evaluate the structure of the method, or by testing the method in practice and evaluating its usage. To further strengthen the relevance of research on this topic, increased attention should be paid to this matter. A good starting point would be to use the ways of evaluation identified in this study and systematically present evidence regarding the practical usefulness of methods for risk, vulnerability and/or resilience assessment.
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| 5. |
- Abrahamsson, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Analys och värdering av räddningstjänstens operativa förmåga
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Att analysera och värdera räddningstjänstens operativa förmåga är nödvändigt för att tydligt och transparent kunna dimensionera verksamheten. I den här rapporten presenterar vi ett förslag på hur sådana analyser och värderingar kan genomföras med fokus på skydd mot olyckor och kommunal räddningstjänst. Rapporten är framtagen på uppdrag av Malmö stad och Lunds kommun, vilket innebär att den data som används kommer från Räddningstjänsten Syd.Att ta fram en metod för värdering av operativ förmåga innebär att man måste göra avvägningar mellan viktiga aspekter. Som vägledning för att göra dessa avvägningar inledde vi arbetet med att fastställa följande kriterier för metoden: 1) Dimensionering av räddningstjänst ska ske med utgångspunkt i riskbild och gällande lagstiftning, 2) Metoden ska vara evidensbaserad, 3) Analyser som genomförs med metoden ska vara transparenta och spårbara, 4) Metoden ska täcka in alla möjliga händelser som räddningstjänsten kan tänkas hantera, 5) Metoden ska vara data-driven och 6) Systemet måste kunna hantera professionella bedömningar.Utifrån dessa kriterier utvecklades och motiverades ett förslag på hur räddningstjänstens operativa förmåga kan analyseras och värderas. Förslaget innehåller definitioner av nyckelbegrepp, och förslag på hur dessa begrepp praktiskt kan användas i analyserna. Det kan viktigaste begreppet är operativ förmåga. I detta sammanhang, då fokus är på räddningstjänst och olyckor, föreslår vi att operativ förmåga definieras som räddningstjänstens ”möjligheter att åstadkomma positiv effekt med avseende på det skyddsvärda, givet att en olycka har inträffat”.Med utgångspunkt i definitionen beskriver vi därefter hur man kan genomföra en analys som resulterar i en beskrivning av operativ förmåga. Denna beskrivning kan sedan presenteras som ett eller flera mått på operativ förmåga. Vi visar också hur sådana mått kan användas som underlag för att fatta beslut om räddningstjänstens operativa förmåga. Rapporten presenterar konkreta exempel på hur man skulle kunna analysera om skyddet som räddningstjänstens operativa förmåga upprätthåller är tillfredsställande och likvärdigt. Dessa exempel tar sin utgångspunkt i olyckstyperna brand i bostad och drunkning.I slutet av rapporten diskuterar vi hur metoden för analys och värdering av operativ förmåga skulle kunna implementeras i praktiken, samt hur utvecklingsarbetet skulle kunna fortsätta i framtiden.
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| 6. |
- Beerens, Ralf Josef Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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How Can We Make Disaster Management Evaluations More Useful? An Empirical Study of Dutch Exercise Evaluations
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2095-0055 .- 2192-6395. ; 11:5, s. 578-591
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The evaluation of simulated disasters (for example, exercises) and real responses are important activities. However, little attention has been paid to how reports documenting such events should be written. A key issue is how to make them as useful as possible to professionals working in disaster risk management. Here, we focus on three aspects of a written evaluation: how the object of the evaluation is described, how the analysis is described, and how the conclusions are described. This empirical experiment, based on real evaluation documents, asked 84 Dutch mayors and crisis management professionals to evaluate the perceived usefulness of the three aspects noted above. The results showed that how evaluations are written does matter. Specifically, the usefulness of an evaluation intended for learning purposes is improved when its analysis and conclusions are clearer. In contrast, evaluations used for accountability purposes are only improved by the clarity of the conclusion. These findings have implications for the way disaster management evaluations should be documented.
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| 7. |
- Frykmer, Tove, et al.
(författare)
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Advancing the Field of Disaster Response Management : Toward a Design Science Approach
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2095-0055 .- 2192-6395. ; 12:2, s. 220-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiorganizational response to emergencies and disasters requires collaboration. How to improve the collective response is therefore an essential question, but not easy to answer. In disaster research, normative research with a focus on providing evidence for how to improve professional practice has traditionally received less attention than explanatory ones. The aim of this article, using insights from design science where normative research is more common, is to suggest a complementary approach to response management research. Our approach, which combines experimental and explanatory research, is applied to a study of goal alignment. Goal alignment among response actors is often recommended despite literature’s contradictory evidence regarding its effect. We conducted an experiment with 111 participants, who, in groups of three, played a computer game under one of two conditions (goal alignment or not). Our results show that aligning goals did not improve the outcome in the game. Although this may serve as a counterargument to implementing goal alignment interventions, there are concerns with such conclusions. These reservations include, but are not limited to, the lack of validated models to use in experiments. Nevertheless, our suggested research approach and the goal alignment experiment highlight the importance of testing interventions and their effectiveness before implementation.
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| 8. |
- Häfner, Sophia J., et al.
(författare)
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Ribosomal RNA 2′-O-methylation dynamics impact cell fate decisions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Developmental Cell. - 1534-5807. ; 58:17, s. 9-1609
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Translational regulation impacts both pluripotency maintenance and cell differentiation. To what degree the ribosome exerts control over this process remains unanswered. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated heterogeneity in ribosome composition in various organisms. 2′-O-methylation (2′-O-me) of rRNA represents an important source of heterogeneity, where site-specific alteration of methylation levels can modulate translation. Here, we examine changes in rRNA 2′-O-me during mouse brain development and tri-lineage differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). We find distinct alterations between brain regions, as well as clear dynamics during cortex development and germ layer differentiation. We identify a methylation site impacting neuronal differentiation. Modulation of its methylation levels affects ribosome association of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) and is accompanied by an altered translation of WNT pathway-related mRNAs. Together, these data identify ribosome heterogeneity through rRNA 2′-O-me during early development and differentiation and suggest a direct role for ribosomes in regulating translation during cell fate acquisition.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Rydmark, Joacim, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Communicating uncertainty in risk descriptions : the consequences of presenting imprecise probabilities in time critical decision-making situations
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Risk Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-9877 .- 1466-4461. ; 24:5, s. 629-644
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One important question concerning a risk description is to what extentit should contain information about the uncertainty surrounding an estimatedprobability for an event, for example, by using some form ofprobability range. Presenting a point estimate together with a rangecan inform the decision-maker about both the best judgement as wellas the strength of knowledge regarding the probability in question, sothat the decision-maker can take this information into considerationwhen making decisions. However, communicating uncertainty in riskdescriptions may lead to delays in the decision-making process, due topeople’s general aversion to ambiguity and other forms of uncertainty.This can be devastating in time critical decision-making situations,where delaying decisions leads to substantial costs or losses - as in thecase of a military command and control (C2) situation or in crisisresponse management (CRM). This study investigated how 106 universitystudents handled a fictive time critical military decision-making situationwith imprecise probabilities presented in the form of ranges. Thepurpose was to make a first estimation regarding if presenting uncertaintyin risk descriptions could be a problem in these kinds of situations.The results show that almost half of the participants delayed theirdecisions and that many participants showed little restraint regardingtheir waiting time. These results indicate that communicating uncertaintyin risk descriptions can be a problem in time critical decisionmakingsituations, and that presenting uncertainty in risk descriptionsmay require decision-makers to be educated in the specific problemsassociated with decision-making in these types of situations.
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