| 1. |
- Li, Doudou, et al.
(författare)
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Gut microbiota-derived metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide and multiple health outcomes : an umbrella review and updated meta-analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Oxford University Press. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 116:1, s. 230-243
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbiota-derived metabolite produced from dietary nutrients. Many studies have discovered that circulating TMAO concentrations are linked to a wide range of health outcomes.Objectives: This study aimed to summarize health outcomes related to circulating TMAO concentrations.Methods: We searched the Embase. Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from inception to 15 February, 2022 to identify and update meta-analyses examining the associations between 'TAO and multiple health outcomes. For each health outcome, we estimated the summary effect size. 95% prediction CI. between-study heterogeneity. evidence of small-study effects, and evidence of excess-significance bias. These metrics were used to evaluate the evidence credibility of the identified associations.Results: This umbrella review identified 24 meta-analyses that investigated the association between circulating 'TAO concentrations and health outcomes including all-cause mortality, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes mellitus (DM), cancer. and renal function. We updated these meta-analyses by including a total of 82 individual studies on 18 unique health outcomes. Among them, 14 associations were nominally significant. After evidence credibility assessment, we found 6 (33%) associations (i.e., all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events, hypertension. DM, and glomerular filtration rate) to present highly suggestive evidence.Conclusions: TMAO might be a novel biomarker related to human health conditions including all-cause mortality, hypertension. CVD, DM. cancer, and kidney function. Further studies are needed to investigate whether circulating 'MAO concentrations could be an intervention target for chronic disease.
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| 2. |
- Bian, Zilong, et al.
(författare)
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Healthy lifestyle and cancer survival : A multinational cohort study
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 154:10, s. 1709-1718
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lifestyle factors after a cancer diagnosis could influence the survival of cancer 60 survivors. To examine the independent and joint associations of healthy lifestyle factors with mortality outcomes among cancer survivors, four prospective cohorts (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [NHANES], National Health Interview Survey [NHIS], UK Biobank [UKB] and Kailuan study) across three countries. A healthy lifestyle score (HLS) was defined based on five common lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol drinking, diet, physical activity and body mass index) that related to cancer survival. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) for the associations of individual lifestyle factors and HLS with all-cause and cancer mortality among cancer survivors. During the follow-up period of 37,095 cancer survivors, 8927 all-cause mortality events were accrued in four cohorts and 4449 cancer death events were documented in the UK and US cohorts. Never smoking (adjusted HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.69-0.86), light alcohol consumption (adjusted HR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.82-0.90), adequate physical activity (adjusted HR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.85-0.94), a healthy diet (adjusted HR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.61-0.78) and optimal BMI (adjusted HR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.85-0.93) were significantly associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality. In the joint analyses of HLS, the HR of all-cause and cancer mortality for cancer survivors with a favorable HLS (4 and 5 healthy lifestyle factors) were 0.55 (95% CI 0.42-0.64) and 0.57 (95% CI 0.44-0.72), respectively. This multicohort study of cancer survivors from the United States, the United Kingdom and China found that greater adherence to a healthy lifestyle might be beneficial in improving cancer prognosis. This study investigated the independent and joint associations of healthy lifestyle factors with mortality outcomes among cancer survivors by analyzing data from four prospective cohorts across three countries-the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and National Health Interview Survey in the United States, the UK Biobank and the Kailuan study in China. Adhering to a healthy lifestyle could reduce the risk of all-cause and cancer mortality by half among cancer survivors. Specifically, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, maintaining a healthy diet, engaging in physical activity and maintaining a healthy body mass index were associated with improved prognosis.image
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| 3. |
- Chokwitthaya, Chanachok, et al.
(författare)
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Ontology for experimentation of human-building interactions using virtual reality
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advanced Engineering Informatics. - : Elsevier. - 1474-0346 .- 1873-5320. ; 55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scientific experiments significantly enhance the understanding of human-building interactions in building and engineering research. Recently, conducting virtual reality (VR) experiments has gained acceptance and popularity as an approach to studying human-building interactions. However, little attention has been given to the standardization of the experimentations. Proper standardization can promote the reusability, replicability, and repeatability of VR experiments and accelerate the maturity of this emerging experimentation method. Responding to such needs, the authors proposed a virtual human-building interaction experimentation ontology (VHBIEO). It is an ontology at the domain level, extending the ontology of scientific experiments (EXPO) to standardize virtual human-building interaction experimentation. It was developed based on state-of-the-art ontology development approaches. Competency questions (CQs) were used to derive requirements and regulate the development. Semantic Web technologies were applied to make VHBIEO machine-readable, accessible, and processable. VHBIEO incorporates an application view (APV) to support the inclusion of unique information for particular applications. The authors performed taxonomy evaluations to assess the consistency, completeness, and redundancy, affirming no occurrence of errors in its structure. Application evaluations were applied for investigating its ability to standardize and support generating of machine-readable, accessible, and processable information. Application evaluations also verified the capability of APV to support the inclusion of unique information.
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| 4. |
- Lu, Longyu, et al.
(författare)
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Tunable Magnetism in Atomically Thin Itinerant Antiferromagnet with Room-Temperature Ferromagnetic Order
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nano Letters. - 1530-6984. ; 24:20, s. 5984-5992
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Addressing the need for modulated spin configurations is crucial, as they serve as the foundational building blocks for next-generation spintronics, particularly in atomically thin structures and at room temperature. In this work, we realize intrinsic ferromagnetism in monolayer flakes and tunable ferro-/antiferromagnetism in (Fe0.56Co0.44)5GeTe2 antiferromagnets. Remarkably, the ferromagnetic ordering (≥1 L) and antiferromagnetic ordering (≥4 L) remain discernible up to room temperature. The TC (∼310 K) of the monolayer flakes sets a record high for known exfoliated monolayer van der Waals magnets. Within the framework of A-type antiferromagnetism, a notable odd-even layer-number effect at elevated temperatures (T = 150 K) is observed. Of particular interest is the strong ferromagnetic order in even-layer flakes at low temperatures. The intricate interplay among magnetic field strength, layer number, and temperature gives rise to a diverse array of phenomena, holding promise not only for new physics but also for practical applications.
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| 5. |
- Sidhanta, Subhajit, et al.
(författare)
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QACDes : QoS-aware context-sensitive design of cyber-physical systems
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a lot of confusion and ambiguity regarding the quantification of the Quality of Service (QoS) of a system, especially for cyber-physical systems (CPS) involved in automating or controlling the operations in built environments and critical urban infrastructures, such as office buildings, factories, transportation systems, smart cities, etc. In these cases, the QoS, as experienced by human users, depends on the context in which they (i.e., humans) interact with these systems. Traditionally, the QoS of a CPS has been defined in terms of absolute metrics. Such measures are unable to take into account the variations in performance due to contextual factors arising out of different kinds of human interactions. Further, the QoS of a CPS has typically been evaluated by comparing the performance of the actual, fully realized system with the given QoS constraints only after the actual system has been completely developed. In the case of faults in the design exposed by observed deviations from the QoS constraints due to unpredicted variations in the contextual factors, the system needs to be re-designed and re-developed from scratch. Due to the above-mentioned reason, the validation approach associated with the traditional QoS makes the design of CPS systems prohibitively expensive, impractical, as well as infeasible in numerous application areas, such as civil and engineering works, since it may not be possible to modify the system once developed beyond a certain extent. To that end, we propose a context-aware definition of QoS of a CPS which facilitates the design of robust systems as elaborated below. In this paper, we define QoS as a function of contextual factors. A CPS designed according to our QoS specifications would always satisfy the QoS irrespective of any possible changes in contextual factors resulting from many different human interactions that may occur during operation of the system. We also present QACDes - a novel framework that provides a formal mechanism for validating the design of a CPS with respect to the specified QoS constraints at the design phase as well as after the realization of the actual system. QACDes can validate any given CPS, irrespective of its application domain, against a QoS guarantee: (A) as early as even before the design phase by comparing the proposed model with a baseline model, or (B) after the realization of the actual system based on logs collected from running the actual system. We consider a lighting control system that manages the light switches - switching it on/off depending on contextual factors, such as the presence of occupants and time of the day. Using the lighting control system in a building as a use case, we analyze and demonstrate the effectiveness of our QoS definition as well as the QACDes framework against the performance metric measured in an actual fully-realized CPS.
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| 6. |
- Yuan, Shuai, et al.
(författare)
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Genetically predicted sex hormone levels and health outcomes : phenome-wide Mendelian randomization investigation.
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 51:6, s. 1931-1942
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), testosterone and oestradiol have been associated with many diseases in observational studies; however, the causality of associations remains unestablished.METHODS: A phenome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) association study was performed to explore disease outcomes associated with genetically proxied circulating SHBG, testosterone and oestradiol levels by using updated genetic instruments in 339 197 unrelated White British individuals (54% female) in the UK Biobank. Two-sample MR analyses with data from large genetic studies were conducted to replicate identified associations in phenome-wide MR analyses. Multivariable MR analyses were performed to investigate mediation effects of hormone-related biomarkers in observed associations with diseases.RESULTS: Phenome-wide MR analyses examined associations of genetically predicted SHBG, testosterone and oestradiol levels with 1211 disease outcomes, and identified 28 and 13 distinct phenotypes associated with genetically predicted SHBG and testosterone, respectively; 22 out of 28 associations for SHBG and 10 out of 13 associations for testosterone were replicated in two-sample MR analyses. Higher genetically predicted SHBG levels were associated with a reduced risk of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, diabetic complications, coronary atherosclerotic outcomes, gout and benign and malignant neoplasm of uterus, but an increased risk of varicose veins and fracture (mainly in females). Higher genetically predicted testosterone levels were associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, coronary atherosclerotic outcomes, gout and coeliac disease mainly in males, but an increased risk of cholelithiasis in females.CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that sex hormones may causally affect risk of several health outcomes.
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