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1.	Jiang, Liang, et al. (author) Formation of Spinel Phases in Oxidized BOF Slag under Different Cooling Conditions 2017 In: Steel Research International. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1611-3683 .- 1869-344X. ; 88:11 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract To enhance utilization of wastes generated from steelmaking, a BOF slag sample from Ning Steel group in China is treated by oxidizing at 1500 °C for 30 min and then cooled by different methods. The treated samples are characterized, in combination with calculations using FactSage 6.4. XRD results show that iron oxides in BOF slag are converted largely by the oxidation to spinel phases, Fe3O4 and MgFe2O4, which also eliminates free CaO and MgO. EDS analyses show Fe element existing in di-calcium silicate and glass phase, which are Fe3+ ions formed by oxidation. An incorporation of Fe3+ ions into crystal structures has stabilized high temperature polymorph of C2S, β-C2S, and α’-C2S, in the treated slag samples. Fe3+ ions may also act as a network former to facilitate glass formation. This may make it possible for the glass and α’-C2S phase to complement each other, leading to a higher hydraulicity, while the BOF slag, after the spinel separation, is blended in cements. Some suggestions are proposed, based on the present and early studies, to enhance hydraulicity for the BOF slag, as well as grain sizes of spinel phases, which may result in economic and environmental benefits for steel and cement industries.

Jiang, Liang, et al. (author)
Formation of Spinel Phases in Oxidized BOF Slag under Different Cooling Conditions
2017
In: Steel Research International. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1611-3683 .- 1869-344X. ; 88:11
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To enhance utilization of wastes generated from steelmaking, a BOF slag sample from Ning Steel group in China is treated by oxidizing at 1500 °C for 30 min and then cooled by different methods. The treated samples are characterized, in combination with calculations using FactSage 6.4. XRD results show that iron oxides in BOF slag are converted largely by the oxidation to spinel phases, Fe3O4 and MgFe2O4, which also eliminates free CaO and MgO. EDS analyses show Fe element existing in di-calcium silicate and glass phase, which are Fe3+ ions formed by oxidation. An incorporation of Fe3+ ions into crystal structures has stabilized high temperature polymorph of C2S, β-C2S, and α’-C2S, in the treated slag samples. Fe3+ ions may also act as a network former to facilitate glass formation. This may make it possible for the glass and α’-C2S phase to complement each other, leading to a higher hydraulicity, while the BOF slag, after the spinel separation, is blended in cements. Some suggestions are proposed, based on the present and early studies, to enhance hydraulicity for the BOF slag, as well as grain sizes of spinel phases, which may result in economic and environmental benefits for steel and cement industries.

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