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1.	Roeske-Nielsen, A., et al. (author) Sulfatide inhibits fibroblast growth, activation and oxidative stress induced by ectopic insulin 2023 In: Diabetes Obesity & Metabolism. - 1462-8902. Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Aim: To study the effect of sulfatide on gene expression and proliferation of human primary fibroblasts induced by insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 and human growth hormone. Materials and Methods: Human primary fibroblasts were exposed to 1, 3 and 30 mu M of sulfatide or its precursor galactosylceramide (GalCer). Proliferation was determined by 3H-thymidine incorporation and gene expression via microarray analysis. Results: Sulfatide and GalCer reduced the growth rate of fibroblasts by 32%-82% when exposed to 0.5 nM insulin. After challenge with 120 mu M of H2O2, sulfatide reduced membrane leakage. Fibroblast gene expression was altered by sulfatide in gene pathways associated with cell cycle/growth, transforming growth factor-beta function, and encoding of proteins involved in intracellular signalling. NFKBIA, a key control element in NF-kappa B regulation, was decreased 2-fold by sulfatide. Conclusions: Sulfatide strongly inhibits fibroblast growth. We therefore suggest the addition of sulfatide to injectable commercial insulin formulations, which would reduce adverse fibroblast growth and improve well-being in patients with diabetes.

Roeske-Nielsen, A., et al. (author)
Sulfatide inhibits fibroblast growth, activation and oxidative stress induced by ectopic insulin
2023
In: Diabetes Obesity & Metabolism. - 1462-8902.
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: To study the effect of sulfatide on gene expression and proliferation of human primary fibroblasts induced by insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 and human growth hormone. Materials and Methods: Human primary fibroblasts were exposed to 1, 3 and 30 mu M of sulfatide or its precursor galactosylceramide (GalCer). Proliferation was determined by 3H-thymidine incorporation and gene expression via microarray analysis. Results: Sulfatide and GalCer reduced the growth rate of fibroblasts by 32%-82% when exposed to 0.5 nM insulin. After challenge with 120 mu M of H2O2, sulfatide reduced membrane leakage. Fibroblast gene expression was altered by sulfatide in gene pathways associated with cell cycle/growth, transforming growth factor-beta function, and encoding of proteins involved in intracellular signalling. NFKBIA, a key control element in NF-kappa B regulation, was decreased 2-fold by sulfatide. Conclusions: Sulfatide strongly inhibits fibroblast growth. We therefore suggest the addition of sulfatide to injectable commercial insulin formulations, which would reduce adverse fibroblast growth and improve well-being in patients with diabetes.

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