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1.	Bauer, Fredric, et al. (author) Isobutanol from glycerine – A techno-economic evaluation of a new biofuel production process 2014 In: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-9118 .- 0306-2619. ; 122, s. 261-268 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The paper presents a new thermochemical process for the production of isobutanol, which is an excellent biobased gasoline blendstock. The main feedstock for the process is glycerine, obtained as a byproduct in biodiesel production, being used together with methanol. The process was modeled in Aspen Plus. The process design is characterized by a high level of process integration, pinch analysis being used to optimize the process from the start. A techno-economic evaluation of the process, both in a stand-alone plant and in a plant integrated with an existing petro-refinery was conducted, the estimates for the production cost of isobutanol obtained being 892 $/m3 for a refinery-integrated case and 1017 $/m3 for a stand-alone case. A sensitivity analysis using Monte Carlo methodology showed the production cost estimates to be highly robust. Use of isobutanol rather than fossil gasoline was found to result in 53% reduction in GHG emissions.

Bauer, Fredric, et al. (author)
Isobutanol from glycerine – A techno-economic evaluation of a new biofuel production process
2014
In: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-9118 .- 0306-2619. ; 122, s. 261-268
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The paper presents a new thermochemical process for the production of isobutanol, which is an excellent biobased gasoline blendstock. The main feedstock for the process is glycerine, obtained as a byproduct in biodiesel production, being used together with methanol. The process was modeled in Aspen Plus. The process design is characterized by a high level of process integration, pinch analysis being used to optimize the process from the start. A techno-economic evaluation of the process, both in a stand-alone plant and in a plant integrated with an existing petro-refinery was conducted, the estimates for the production cost of isobutanol obtained being 892 $/m3 for a refinery-integrated case and 1017 $/m3 for a stand-alone case. A sensitivity analysis using Monte Carlo methodology showed the production cost estimates to be highly robust. Use of isobutanol rather than fossil gasoline was found to result in 53% reduction in GHG emissions.

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