| 111. |
- Svensson, Sophie, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Increased net water loss by oral compared to nasal expiration in healthy subjects.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Rhinology. - 0300-0729. ; 44:1, s. 74-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM OF THE STUDY: To compare the difference in respiratory water loss during expiration through the nose and through the mouth, in healthy subjects. METHODS: The study included 19 healthy, non-smoking volunteers without any present history of non-infectious rhinitis, presenting with symptoms of rhinitis, asthma or previous nasal surgery. Nasal and oral expiratory breath condensates were collected using a breath condenser during tidal respiration at indoor resting conditions. During the nasal breath condensate sampling, the subjects were breathing into a transparent face mask covering the nose and the mouth with the mouth closed. During the oral breath condensate sampling, the subjects inhaled through the nose and exhaled through a mouthpiece connected to the condenser. The airflow during the sampling was assessed with a dry-spirometer connected to the condenser. Sampling was stopped after 100 litres of expired air for each breathing mode. Nasal sampling was done before and after decongestion of the nasal mucosa with oxymetazoline, 0.5 mg/ml. The effect on the nasal mucosa was assessed with acoustic rhinometry. RESULTS: The mean loss of expired water was 42% less by nasal expiration before decongestion than by oral expiration (1.9 x 10(-3) g/L min compared to 2.7 x 10(-3) g/L min, p < 0.001). The mean expiratory minute ventilation was 9.0 L/min by nasal respiration and 9.8 L/min by oral respiration. Decongestion of the nasal mucosa showed a mean increase of the cross-sectional area at 4 cm from the nostril (1.44 to 1.67 cm2, p = 0.0024), but there was no effect on the net water loss (1.9 x 10(-3) g/Lmin vs 1.9 x 10(-3) g/Lmin). CONCLUSION: This study showed that the net water loss increased by 42% when the breathing mode was switched from nasal to oral expiration during tidal breathing in healthy subjects. Increased water and energy loss by oral breathing could be a contributing factor to the symptoms seen in patients suffering from nasal obstruction.
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| 112. |
- Svensson, Sophie, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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pH in nasal exhaled breath condensate in healthy adults.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Rhinology. - 0300-0729. ; 45:3, s. 214-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes a new method to assess nasal pH in nasal exhaled breath condensate in adults. The study included 19 healthy, non-smoking, adult volunteers without current upper respiratory disease, COPD or asthma. Expiratory breath condensate (EBC) was collected from the nose and mouth respectively. A Jaeger breath condenser was fitted with a transparent facemask and during oral sampling it was fitted with a mouthpiece. The condensates were bubbled with argon gas for 10 minutes to reduce carbon dioxide and the samples were analysed immediately using a calibrated glass electrode and a portable pH-meter. The mean pH in the nasal EBC was 7.0 +/- 0.5 and in oral EBC 6.9 +/- 0.7 (p = 0.6). The nasal EBC-pH was well in agreement with data from previous studies, which measured pH directly on the nasal mucosa with an electrode. In conclusion, this paper describes a method to measure pH in nasal exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in healthy adults during tidal breathing. The nasal EBC-pH related well to previous data from intranasal pH measurements suggesting that nasal EBC-pH could have a role in monitoring pH alterations in the nasal mucosa such as nasal inflammation.
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| 113. |
- Thunberg, Ulrica, 1967-
(författare)
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Aspects of Staphylococcus aureus in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects about 10% of the European population, and is considered a great scourge. Its cause is not clear. Findings of Staphylococcus aureus in the maxillary sinus are common in CRS patients, but are usually regarded as insignificant due to the bacterium’s attribute as a commensal elsewhere. S. aureus has the ability to cause both mild disease and serious conditions, due to its wide armoury of secreted components such as staphylococcal enterotoxins and cell-surface-associated virulence components. This thesis focuses on the clinical features and importance of S. aureus in CRS, including a long-term perspective on the disease, through studying a cohort of CRS patients. S. aureus was found to be highly prevalent in the maxillary sinus and nares of CRS patients, which might indicate an impact on the disease. A sheltered sampling technique for maxillary sinus culture reduced the contamination rate but did not significantly improve the diagnostic reliability. Whole genome sequencing showed that 95% of paired S. aureus isolates collected simultaneously from the nares and maxillary sinus were from identical lineages, indicating colonization of the maxillary sinus from the nares as one joint milieu. A decade-long persistence of S. aureus in the nares and maxillary sinus was established in 20% of CRS patients. The vast majority of S. aureus isolates were susceptible to all tested antibiotics, including the strains that had persisted for a decade. No significant differences in the prevalence of gene determinants were seen for selected virulence factors and MSCRAMMs in S. aureus isolates sampled from CRS patients and healthy controls. The overall alterations of anti-staphylococcal antibodies over time showed great variability and minor support for an impact of S. aureus on CRS. At the long-term follow-up, symptoms were generally reduced and VAS quality of life in terms of fatigue was improved. The subgroup of CRS patients without nasal polyposis had a greater chance of symptom relief than their counterparts with nasal polyposis in this longterm perspective. There was no correlation between severity of symptoms for CRS patients and S. aureus growth in the maxillary sinus to support a role for S. aureus in CRS.
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| 114. |
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| 115. |
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| 116. |
- Venkataraman, Abinaya Priya, et al.
(författare)
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Structural impact of arrested foveal development in children born extremely preterm without ROP at 6.5 years of age.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Eye. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0950-222X .- 1476-5454. ; 37:9, s. 1810-1815
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To characterize changes of foveal topography and microstructure of persisting foveal immaturity at 6.5 years of age in children born extremely preterm without retinopathy of prematurity (EPT-NoROP).Images from previous optical coherence tomography examinations of 37 EPT-NoROP and 92 control eyes were selected from a regional cohort of the EXPRESS (Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden) study. Thickness of ganglion cell + inner plexiform layer (GCL+), outer nuclear layer (ONL), retinal thickness (RT) at the foveal centre (FC), foveal depth (FD) and RT at the foveal rim were evaluated.Layer thickness of GCL+, ONL and RT was increased at FC in the EPT-NoROP group. More than two-thirds had thickness values above the control limit (control mean+2SD) at FC (GCL+68%, ONL 76%, and RT 68%), and 50% had reduced FD compared to controls. All parameters showed a high correlation within the EPT-NoROP group, whereas no or weaker correlation was seen in control eyes. The EPT-NoROP sub-groups, divided based on the control limit, did not differ in terms of associated factors such as gestational age, birth weight, visual acuity, and refraction.Extreme prematurity without impact of ROP is associated with increased GCL+, ONL, and RT thickness at FC as well as reduced FD compared to full-term controls at age 6.5. This indicates that prematurity per se may have a profound effect on foveal anatomical maturation during the first months after birth. Our results suggest RT at FC to be a simple and useful measure of foveal anatomical immaturity.
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| 117. |
- Värendh, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Nasal symptoms increase the risk of snoring and snoring increases the risk of nasal symptoms. A longitudinal population study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sleep and Breathing. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1520-9512 .- 1522-1709. ; 25:4, s. 1851-1857
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Humans have a preference for nasal breathing during sleep. This 10-year prospective study aimed to determine if nasal symptoms can predict snoring and also if snoring can predict development of nasal symptoms. The hypothesis proposed is that nasal symptoms affect the risk of snoring 10 years later, whereas snoring does not increase the risk of developing nasal symptoms.Methods: In the cohort study, Respiratory Health in Northern Europe (RHINE), a random population from Denmark, Estonia, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, born between 1945 and 1973, was investigated by postal questionnaires in 1999–2001 (RHINE II, baseline) and in 2010–2012 (RHINE III, follow-up). The study population consisted of the participants who had answered questions on nasal symptoms such as nasal obstruction, discharge, and sneezing, and also snoring both at baseline and at follow-up (n = 10,112).Results: Nasal symptoms were frequent, reported by 48% of the entire population at baseline, with snoring reported by 24%. Nasal symptoms at baseline increased the risk of snoring at follow-up (adj. OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.22–1.58) after adjusting for age, sex, BMI change between baseline and follow-up, and smoking status. Snoring at baseline was associated with an increased risk of developing nasal symptoms at follow-up (adj. OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.02–1.47).Conclusion: Nasal symptoms are independent risk factors for development of snoring 10 years later, and surprisingly, snoring is a risk factor for the development of nasal symptoms.
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| 118. |
- Wingqvist, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Immunosensor utilizing a shear mode thin film bulk acoustic sensor
- 2007
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Ingår i: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-4005 .- 1873-3077. ; 127:1, s. 248-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An AlN thin film electro-acoustic resonator has been fabricated employing a reactive sputtering process for the deposition of an AlN thin film with inclined c-axis for excitation of the shear mode for operation in liquid media. The main objective is to investigate the efficiency of the micro-fluidic channel system integrated in the silicon wafer underneath the AlN resonator. A comparative study between the shear mode thin film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) and a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) using a competitive antibody–antigen association process for detection of drug molecules is presented.
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| 119. |
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