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| 14. |
- Andersson, David A., et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of ionic conductivity in doped ceria
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 103:10, s. 3518-3521
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxides with the cubic fluorite structure, e.g., ceria (CeO2), are known to be good solid electrolytes when they are doped with cations of lower valence than the host cations. The high ionic conductivity of doped ceria makes it an attractive electrolyte for solid oxide fuel cells, whose prospects as an environmentally friendly power source are very promising. In these electrolytes, the current is carried by oxygen ions that are transported by oxygen vacancies, present to compensate for the lower charge of the dopant cations. Ionic conductivity in ceria is closely related to oxygen-vacancy formation and migration properties. A clear physical picture of the connection between the choice of a dopant and the improvement of ionic conductivity in ceria is still lacking. Here we present a quantum-mechanical first-principles study of the influence of different trivalent impurities on these properties. Our results reveal a remarkable correspondence between vacancy properties at the atomic level and the macroscopic ionic conductivity. The key parameters comprise migration barriers for bulk diffusion and vacancy-dopant interactions, represented by association (binding) energies of vacancy-dopant clusters. The interactions can be divided into repulsive elastic and attractive electronic parts. In the optimal electrolyte, these parts should balance. This finding offers a simple and clear way to narrow the search for superior dopants and combinations of dopants. The ideal dopant should have an effective atomic number between 61 (Pm) and 62 (Sm), and we elaborate that combinations of Nd/Sm and Pr/Gd show enhanced ionic conductivity, as compared with that for each element separately.
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| 15. |
- Ruban, Andrei V., et al.
(författare)
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Theoretical investigation of bulk ordering and surface segregation in Ag-Pd and other isoelectornic alloys
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 75, s. 054113-1-05411316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bulk ordering in Ag-Pd and other isoelectronic alloys is investigated theoretically by a number of first-principles techniques. The electronic structure and total energy have been calculated by the Green's function Korringa-Kohn-Rostocker and full-potential plane wave methods. The effective cluster interactions of the Ising-type Hamiltonian have been obtained by the screened generalized perturbation method. They reveal a complex concentration-dependent ordering behavior in these alloys due to band filling and Fermi surface effects. In particular we show that long-period superstructures are gradually stabilized by a great number of relatively weak long-range effective pair- and three-site interactions, which can be seen as collective effect. A similar complex concentration dependence is also found for surfaces of Ag-Pd alloys. The surface composition of the (111) and (100) surface of Ag75Pd25, Ag50Pd50, and Ag33Pd67 alloys have been then investigated by the surface Green's function technique and the screened generalized perturbation method for the effective interactions of the Ising-type Hamiltonian and the grand canonical Monte Carlo method for statistical thermodynamic simulations at finite temperatures. We compare our results with experimental data and other theoretical calculations.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Simak, Sergey, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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The role of orthorhombic distortions in gallium under high hydrostatic pressure
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3697 .- 1879-2553. ; 67:10-sep, s. 2132-2135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have performed a detailed analysis ofthedouble-well feature ofthetotal energy fortheGa-III phase as a function of tetragonal andorthorhombicdistortionsoftheface-centered cubic (fcc) lattice. We demonstrate that inthelow-pressureregion this double-well feature disappears and only one minimum exists. In order to reveal this result,thepossibility oforthorhombicdistortionshas to be taken into account. At elevatedpressurebetween 58 and 84 GPa,thesecond minimum becomes pronounced, but never develops into a separate local minimum up tothetransformation intothefcc phase.
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